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945:, in 4 cm heels and in 10 cm heels. Surface electrodes were placed on the muscle mass of the women's spines and their feet to measure the electrical activity of muscles at different points of movement. The study results indicated an increase in both cervical and lumbar muscle activation as heel height increased: the cervical spine, the neck assists in maintaining head stability and postural control in the body. The usage of high heels shifts the body's center of mass, which requires the spine to adjust itself to maintain balance. The researchers mentioned that these results would increase local muscle fatigue over time, which could lead to muscle swelling, decreased muscle movement, and, in extreme cases of overuse, tissue deformation.
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847:. The experimental group also demonstrated a more significant strain on the muscle fascicles while walking in heels because of the flexed position the foot is forced into. The researchers estimated that when wearing heels, the estimated fascicle strains were approximately three times higher, and the fascicle strain rate was about six times higher. Additionally, they concluded that the long-term usage of high heels could increase the risk of injuries such as strain, discomfort, and muscle fatigue.
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650:, argues that high heels accentuate "sex-specific aspects of female gait," artificially increasing a woman's femininity. Likewise, many see the arching of a woman's back facilitated by wearing high heels as an imitation of a signal of a woman's willingness to be courted by a man. Despite the sexual connotations, heels are considered both fashionable and professional dress for women in most cases, the latter especially if accompanied by a
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photography and films, the
Western fashion of women's high heels began to spread globally. In the early post-war period, brown and white pumps with cutouts or ankle straps combined with an open toe were some of the most fashionable women's heels. For many women in the West, high-heeled shoes began to symbolize professionalism, whereas leather and rubber thick-heeled boots for men came to be associated with militarism and masculinity.
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had broken the law, but by this time the company had already changed its terms of employment. The petition was rejected by the government in April 2017 as they stated that existing legislation was "adequate". Existing legislation in the UK allows women to be required to wear high heels, but only if it is considered a job requirement and men in the same job are required to dress to an "equivalent level of smartness".
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394:, other members of society began donning high heels, and some elite members ordered their heels to be made even higher to distinguish themselves from the lower classes. As women began to wear heeled shoes in the mid-to-late 17th century, societal trends moved to distinguish men's heels from women's heels. By the 18th century, men wore thick heels, while women wore thin ones. Over the course of the
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heels. A nine-year-old is about half an adult's height, and a toddler about a quarter; so, relative to body height, a 2-inch (5 cm) heel on an adult would be a one-inch heel on the nine-year-old, and a half-inch heel on the toddler, though whether this translates to comparable health harms is not known.
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pressure resulting in increased discomfort levels and peak patellofemoral joint stress. The researchers also mentioned that the long-term usage of high heels may lead to repetitive overstress of the joint, which may result in an increase in pain and, eventually, patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis and
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in France for wearing flat shoes, including a woman physically unable to wear heels due to an operation on one of her feet. The women complained that the policy of the festival on women's footwear was unjust. Festival organizers later responded that there was no official policy on footwear and stated
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Some feminist scholars have argued that men's views on the culture of high heels are problematic: A sizable proportion of men regard the cultural expectation for women in professional environments to wear high heels as unproblematic. However, it has not been popular for men to wear tall and thin high
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investigated the effects of increased heel height on foot pressure using forty-five female participants walking across a pressure plate in various heel heights. A biokinetics software was used to analyze the exact pressure locations on and along each participants' foot. The researchers concluded that
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Wearing high-heeled shoes is strongly associated with injury, including injury requiring hospital care. There is evidence that high-heel-wearers fall more often, especially with heels higher than 2.5 cm, even if they were not wearing high heels at the time of the fall. Wearing high heels is also
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and high social status. Towards the end of the century, the trend began to spread to women's fashion. By the 18th century, high-heeled shoes had split along gender lines. By this time, heels for men were chunky squares attached to riding boots or tall formal dress boots, while women's high heels were
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length and strain. The control group consisted of women who wore heels for less than ten hours weekly and the experimental group consisted of women who wore heels for a minimum of forty hours weekly for at least two years. The experimental group was told to walk down a walkway barefoot and in heels.
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and
American Rhythm shoes are open-toed, strapped heels that are an average of 2.5 to 3 inches in height. These shoes have the least sturdy heel because International Latin and American Rhythm styles are performed on the ball of the foot. This style of shoe is designed with a flexible sole to allow
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was sent home without pay after she refused to follow the dress code of the firm
Portico. Thorp launched an online petition calling for the UK government to "make it illegal for a company to require women to wear high heels at work". Two parliamentary committees in January 2017 decided that Portico
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led many countries to ration materials that were previously used to make shoes. Materials such as silk, rubber, and leather were prioritized for military use. Heels began to be replaced with cork and wooden-soled shoes. Due to the post-war increase in international communication, especially through
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control. In this study, the participants were told to wear either a low or high heel and walk on a treadmill at a low and high speed. As a result of this experiment, the researchers argued that as heel height increased, the sway velocity of the bodies increased, which also modified the position of
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stress during walking. The study consisted of eleven participants wearing tracking and reflective markers as they walked across a 10-meter force-plated walkway in low, medium, and high heels. The study argued that as the height of the heel increased, the ball of the foot experienced an increase in
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Heels went out of fashion starting around 1810, and then in 1860, they surged in popularity, with an average height of about two and a half inches. The
Pinetto heel and the Cromwell heel were both introduced during this time. Their production was also increased with the invention and eventual mass
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The design of the high French heels from the late 1600s to around the 1720s placed the wearer's body weight on the ball of the foot and was decorated with lace or braided fabric. From the 1730s to the 1740s, wide heels with an upturned toe and a buckle fastening became popular. The 1750s and 1760s
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High heels are also sometimes marketed to children, and some schools encourage children to wear them. 18% of injuries from wearing high heels were in children, and 4% in under-tens, in a 2002–2012 US survey. A 2016 medical review on high-heeled shoes expressed concern about children's use of high
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campaign in Japan collected nearly 20,000 signatures on a petition for a ban on mandatory high heels. The government said that they had no plans to change. The
Japanese Minister of Labor has stated that it is acceptable for companies and others to require women to wear high heels as long as it is
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authors. Some have argued that "high-heeled shoes, perhaps more than any other item of clothing, are seen as the ultimate symbol of being a woman." Modern high heels with thin and long heels often serve to emphasize the wearer's arched back and extended buttocks. This "natural courting pose" has
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when wearing heels, and 55% of women said they felt the worst overall back pain when wearing the highest heel. The same study argues that as heel height increases, the body is forced to take on an increasingly unnatural posture to maintain its center of gravity. This changed position places more
398:, men's heels began to concentrate on either practical riding boots or tall leather boots worn for status. In the late 1780s, the societal implications of wearing high and thin heels became fixed: high, thin heels represented femininity and the supposed superficiality and extravagance of women.
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In the
Western world, high-heeled shoes exist in two highly gendered and parallel tracks: highly fashionable and variable women's shoes with thin long heels, and practical, relatively uniform men's shoes in a riding boot style, with thick, relatively short heels. Heels are often described as a
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Few dress codes require women to wear high heels, and some medical organizations have called for a ban on such dress codes. There have been many protests by women workers against such policies. Laws regarding dress codes that require women to wear high heels in the workplace vary.
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heels since the late 17th century. Thus, since some women report that high heels are often painful to walk in, and commonly result in negative side effects to joints and veins after prolonged use, many have argued that it is unreasonable of men to support such a cultural norm.
654:. Some researchers argue that high heels have become part of the female workplace uniform and operate in a much larger and complex set of display rules. High heels are considered to pose a dilemma to women as they bring them sexual benefits but are detrimental to their health.
765:, the actual heel was often a piece of steel wrapped in some material. This enabled designers to make heels taller and skinnier without them snapping. The soles below the ball of the foot of ballroom shoes can also be made of materials like smooth leather, suede, or plastic.
242:. Wearing heels became associated with wealth because of its traditional connection with horseback riding, which was expensive and time-consuming. This practical use of the heel set the standard for most horseback riding shoes throughout history and into the present day.
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posters, the women in which were almost always pictured wearing high heels. In the minds of many men at war, and later, in
American society at large, this led to an increase in the strength of the relationship between high heels and female sexuality. The tall, skinny
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the knee joint, requiring the muscles of the leg to realign the entire body, especially the hips, along the line of gravity. As the body's weight shifted forward, the hips were taken out of alignment, and the knee joints experienced stress to adjust to the shift.
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in 1968, protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "freedom trash can." These included high heels, which were among items the protestors called "instruments of female torture" and accouterments of what they perceived to be enforced
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Some research indicates that a possible consequence of wearing high heels is increasing pressure in one's veins. Experiments suggest that the higher the heel, the "higher venous pressure in the leg." This means that after repeated use of high heels,
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and making the buttocks more prominent, forcing the abdomen in and pushing the breasts out. They can also cause instability as they force women to dance on their toes and lean on their partner, which adds to the fluidity of the movements.
1092:. Some academics have suggested that by wearing high heels for such a brief period and making a point of acting like they do not know how to walk properly, these men reinforce the stereotype that only women can or should wear high heels.
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was invented in 1950, and quickly became an emblem of female sexuality. There was a weakening of the stiletto style during the late 1960s, early 1970s, and 1990s when block heels were more prominent, followed by a revival in the 2000s.
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and other undesirable symptoms are much more likely to appear in the legs. Other research supports the claim that wearing high heels can lead to numerous long-term effects, including accidental trauma to multiple areas of the body.
1154:. While dancing the Argentine tango, women often wear pointed heels ranging in height from 2 to 4 inches. More advanced dancers typically choose higher heels. The heels can have a significant impact on the posture of a dancer by
156:; however, a thick high heel on a boot or clog was still socially acceptable for men. Until the 1950s, shoe heels were typically made of wood, but in recent years they have been made of a variety of materials including
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dancing shoes are specific to the dance style being performed. International
Standard ballroom shoes for women are closed-toed shoes with a sturdy 2-to-2.5-inch heel because steps are performed using the foot's heel.
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in the early 17th century. Men wore them to imply their upper-class status; only someone who did not have to work could afford, both financially and practically, to wear such extravagant shoes. Royalty such as King
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introduced a skinnier, higher heel. The 1790s continued this trend but saw more experimentation with color. Additionally, during this period, there was no difference between the right and left shoes.
238:. Heeled shoes also ensured the safety of Persian arrow-shooting riders, while standing up on galloping horses. This utility of the heel for horseback riders has been preserved in the Western
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In contrast, the control group walked barefoot as cameras recorded their movements to calculate muscle fascicle lengths. The data showed that wearing heels shortened the size of the medial
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Pantaloon – "similar to
Pantaloon pants: the top lift part of the heel is spread out as it extends to the bottom part of the heel, and the waistline of the heel curves inward naturally."
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Morris, Paul; Jenny White; Edward
Morrison; Kayleigh Fisher (May 2013). "High Heels are Supernormal Stimuli: How Wearing High Heels Affects Judgments of Female Attractiveness".
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There are many types of high heels in varying styles, heights, and materials. High heels have been used in various ways to convey nationality, professional affiliation,
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Cuban – similar to the continental heel, but not curved, generally medium height. Unlike the setback heel, the Cuban heel slopes away from the back surface of the shoe.
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around the 1850s. With sewing machines, yields increased as machines could quickly and cheaply "position the heel, stitch the upper, and attach the upper to the sole."
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Pazhoohi, F.; Doyle, J.F.; Macedo, A.F.; Arantes, J. (2017). "Arching the Back (Lumbar Curvature) as a Female Sexual Proceptivity Signal: an Eye-Tracking Study".
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were introduced. At the same time, cork and wood were utilized as cheap resources in times of war. After the World Wars, and the increase in production of
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Cronin, Neil J.; Barrett, Rod S.; Carty, Christopher P. (15 March 2012). "Long-term use of high-heeled shoes alters the neuromechanics of human walking".
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narrow, pointy, and often attached to slipper-like dress shoes (similar to modern heels). By the 20th century, high heels with a slim profile represented
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Stacked – usually layers of leather 5 mm thick stacked together and trimmed to match the shape of the heel. These are commonly known as block heels.
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646:, as well as other media sources that primarily portray women in a sexual way often do so using high heels. Paul Morris, a psychology researcher at the
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High heels have been made from a wide variety of materials throughout history. In the early years, leather and cowhide were preferred. Later, silk and
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in such shoes is raised above the ball of the foot. High heels cause the legs to appear longer, make the wearer appear taller, and accentuate the
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of the foot. Additionally, they found that the highest heel heights caused constant pressure that could not be evenly dispersed across the foot.
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Ho, Kai-Yu; Blanchette, Mark G.; Powers, Christopher M. (2012). "The influence of heel height on patellofemoral joint kinetics during walking".
2072:"The 2016 HIGh Heels: Health effects And psychosexual BenefITS (HIGH HABITS) study: systematic review of reviews and additional primary studies"
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amended workplace legislation to prevent employers from requiring women to wear high heels at work. Other Canadian provinces followed suit.
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In a 2016 study from Sahmyook University in Korea, researchers investigated the effects of high heels on the activation of muscles in the
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Angle – "the surface of the base of the heel is straight until reaching the waistline, and it looks like the shape of the Korean letter ¬"
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that would have applied the same penalties to the use of high heels and other cosmetic devices as would have been applied in the case of
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783:, specifically pain in the paraspinal muscles (muscles running up the back along the spine) and specifically with heel pain and plantar
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Snow, Rebecca E.; Williams, Keith R.; Holmes, George B. (1992). "The Effects of Wearing High Heeled Shoes on Pedal Pressure in Women".
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shoe, with high heel, showing position of foot bones (vertical black marks on the x-ray are nails used to hold the sole and heel on)
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pointed feet. Lastly, American Smooth shoes are closed-toed, flexible-soled shoes that range in heel height from 2 to 2.5 inches.
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in 1947 – a slim, elegant heel, newly created by putting steel in the heel. This enabled the heel to be skinny without snapping.
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It has been argued by some union leaders that high heels in the workplace should be subject to a health and safety assessment.
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In the West, high-heeled shoes are often regarded as an emblem of femininity, and thus have been the subject of analysis by
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Tedeschi Filho, Wagner; Dezzotti, Nei R.A.; Joviliano, Edvaldo E.; Moriya, Takachi; Piccinato, Carlos Eli (October 2012).
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971:, California, heels over 2 inches high with less than one square inch of bearing surface can be worn only with a permit.
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law later limited the height to three inches—but this regulation was widely ignored. At the end of the Elizabethan era,
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Setback – similar to the continental heel, but the surface of the back of the heel is straight, forming a right angle.
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portions of the spine. Thirteen women were recruited to walk down a walkway in three different testing conditions:
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but some women wore platform shoes elevated—like many chopine—at the center of the sole rather than at the heels.
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Continental – 7.5 mm, with the upper part of the chest of the heel spreading towards the center of the shoe.
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Lee, Chang-Min; Jeong, Eun-Hee; Freivalds, Andris (2001). "Biomechanical effects of wearing high-heeled shoes".
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In a 2012 study, Kai-Yu Ho, Mark Blanchette, and Christopher Powers investigated the impact of heel height on
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1204:. Dancers can add cushioning to the soles of their dancing shoes or inserts to ease the pain during dancing.
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In a 2012 study, researchers examined the risk long-time high heel wearers would have in regards to calf
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2528:"Effects of the height of shoe heels on muscle activation of cervical and lumbar spine in healthy women"
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A Mile in Her Shoes is a series of marches in which men wear red high heels and walk a mile to protest
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1578:"Shoe design for older adults: Evidence from a systematic review on the elements of optimal footwear"
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Some dance-related injuries are attributable to the use of heels. In particular, shoes with a narrow
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deformity. The high heel shifts weight forwards, putting additional pressure on the sides of the toes
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2471:"The effects of shoe heel height and gait velocity on position sense of the knee joint and balance"
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with the fusion of vogue movements and is performed using stilettos or high heels. Dancers such as
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under or around their shoes to raise themselves out of the dirty and excrement-filled streets. The
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forbade companies from mandating that female employees wear high heels at work in September 2017.
803:, which may explain why some of the women complained of severe back pain at a higher heel length.
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2736:"Employers can force women to wear high heels as Government rejects campaign to ban the practice"
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In the year 1770 an act was introduced into Parliament against hoops, false hair, high heels...
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in ancient Egypt also elevated themselves by wearing heels to keep blood away from their feet.
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were introduced for riding. These originally had relatively low heels, but by the time of the
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3207:"Muscle activation of paraspinal muscles in different types of high heels during standing"
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1336:"Muscle activation of paraspinal muscles in different types of high heels during standing"
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140:. High heels have been an important statement piece of fashion for centuries in the West.
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3188:"Yanis Marshall – The Choreographer – Zumanity: Rated Cirque – Ep. 1- Cirque Du Soleil"
2874:"No198 Japanese House of Representatives Session minutes remark No.059, No.063, No.069"
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A Mile in Her Shoes: men walk a mile in high heels to support domestic violence victims
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843:(MG) muscle bundles in the calf significantly as well as increasing stiffness in the
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Footwear that raises the heel of the wearer's foot significantly higher than the toes
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combined this with the shoe, reaching heights up to 30 inches (76 cm) by 1430.
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Jang, Il-Yong; Kang, Da-Haeng; Jeon, Jae-Keun; Jun, Hyun-Ju; Lee, Joon-Hee (2016).
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necessary and appropriate for the job, with reference to socially accepted norms.
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in Korea conducted a study to examine increased heel height and gait velocity on
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1905:. Santa Barbara, California, ABC-CLIO, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. Print.
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which do not fit around the toes, but displace them from their natural position.
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an increase in heel height leads to an increase in pressure beneath each of the
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Littig, Beate (2013). "On high heels: A radiography of doing Argentine tango".
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1522:"High-heeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review"
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introduced the red heel to the court of French nobility. As the shoes became a
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710:– having a thicker sole under the ball of the foot, elevating the total height
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to wider fashion use. In early 17th-century Europe, high heels were a sign of
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Dow, Bonnie J. (Spring 2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology".
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Jellema, AH; Huysmans, T; Hartholt, K; van der Cammen, TJM (September 2019).
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stacked heels for men of up to two inches were common. A 17th-century law in
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1453:"BBC Radio 4 – Radio 4 in Four – Nine show-stopping facts about high heels"
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2760:"Canadian province makes it illegal to require women to wear high heels"
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2179:"Italian Translation of "stiletto" | Collins English-Italian Dictionary"
2153:"Attitude and Altitude: A Short History of Shoes | Britannica Blog"
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High heels spread from equestrian origins with the 10th century Persian
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deal primarily with Europe and the United States and do not represent a
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1604:
1352:
1269:
1197:
1052:
In 2015, a group of women were turned away from a film premiere at the
897:
889:
670:
642:
598:
436:
282:
235:
227:
217:
165:
157:
2927:
Reynaud, Bérénice (January 2002). "These Shoes are Made for Walking".
4453:
4244:
4239:
4211:
4199:
4174:
4155:
4150:
4130:
4123:
4082:
4062:
4052:
4047:
4037:
3637:
3540:
3480:
3270:
1109:
938:
784:
270:
231:
144:
133:
1391:
Crossing Gender Boundaries: Fashion to Create, Disrupt and Transcend
4309:
4167:
4135:
4092:
3630:
3618:
3593:
2788:"Alberta takes steps to ban mandatory high heels in the workplace"
1636:"Influence of high-heeled shoes on venous function in young women"
1128:
1099:
1079:
1011:
1000:
924:
883:
762:
741:
491:
458:
400:
360:
337:
305:
if they lured men into marriage via the use of high-heeled shoes.
262:
244:
195:
161:
101:
4465:
4443:
4067:
3608:
3585:
3347:
3074:
Bridges, Tristan S. (2010). "Men Just Weren't Made to do This".
3014:"Emily Blunt on Cannes heels row: 'everybody should wear flats'"
823:
342:
258:
234:, a kind of boot with heels, to ensure their feet stayed in the
122:
118:
3303:
1885:
Wade, Lisa. "From Manly to Sexy: The History of the High Heel"
908:
In 2016, scientists from the Department of Physical Therapy at
669:
Bar – had jewelry or other decorative aspects; associated with
4114:
2837:"#KuToo no more! Japanese women take stand against high heels"
733:, who introduced this in the Italian market in the late 1930s.
38:
2630:"Woman's high-heel petition receives 100,000-plus signatures"
2002:
Stabb, Jo Ann. "The Early 20th Century Through World War II"
208:
Platformed footwear has a long history dating as far back as
2526:
Park, Kisu; Kim, Young; Chung, Yijung; Hwang, Sujin (2016).
3299:
2712:"High heels row: Petition for work dress code law rejected"
1949:
Ed. Valarie Steele. Oxford: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010. Web.
269:
depicts an Indian woman's feet clad in raised shoes called
3194:
from the original on 18 November 2021 – via YouTube.
3110:"Ballroom Guide – Shoe Guide Page 1 What are Dance Shoes?"
1016:
High heels can have the effect of sexualizing the wearer.
2997:
Duffett, Judith (October 1968). "WLM vs. Miss America".
2210:, ABC-CLIO, pp. 281-282. Gale Virtual Reference Library.
2004:
Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe,
1150:
A non-traditional ballroom dance that uses heels is the
896:
Wearing high-heeled shoes is associated with developing
261:
notably began wearing red-heeled shoes. In 12th-century
2204:
Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe
1903:
Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe
212:. In ancient Egypt, wearing heels was an indication of
63:
4463:
4209:
4165:
3751:
3628:
3045:"Cannes denies high-heel rule for women on red carpet"
2860:"Japanese women revolt against high heel requirements"
1166:
specializes in choreography that blends the styles of
171:
Wearing high heels is associated with greater risk of
2006:
edited by Jose Blanco, vol. 3 ABC-CLIO, pp. 330-332.
1162:
A modern style of dance called heels choreography or
1057:
that they would remind red carpet officials of this.
4121:
4112:
1427:"Standing TALL: The Curious History of Men in Heels"
4406:
4364:
4323:
4227:
4023:
3867:
3837:
3779:
3724:
3668:
3661:
3584:
3513:
3458:
3425:
3367:
794:of 200 women found that 58% of women complained of
726:— first mentioned in a newspaper in September 1953.
676:Chunky – have a thick heel, frequently paired with
3012:
2734:
521:For men, high heeled boots made a comeback in the
1383:
1381:
30:"High Heels" redirects here. For other uses, see
1866:"Brief Introduction of Manchu High-heeled Shoes"
2929:Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry
2815:"Philippines bans mandatory high heels at work"
2453:"Footwear: The Primary Cause of Foot Disorders"
413:In Britain in 1770, an act was introduced into
301:announced that women would be subjected to the
249:Closeup of padukas on an Indian medieval statue
2270:International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
3315:
3136:A History of Medical Scientists on High Heels
2657:"Heel-loving Sturgeon steps into shoe debate"
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1137:Many styles of dance are performed in heels.
888:High-heeled shoes almost always have pointed
52:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1474:Ravindra S. Goonetilleke (6 November 2012).
373:Modern high heels were brought to Europe by
1520:Barnish, MS; Barnish, J (13 January 2016).
357:Persian women's heeled shoes in Safavid era
4479:
4361:
3665:
3422:
3322:
3308:
3300:
2446:
2444:
1917:Manners, and Customs of the English Nation
1842:Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia
1813:Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia
746:Women's high-heeled shoes with dyed black
722:– tall, skinny heel—the name taken from a
689:with heel up to 170 mm (6.5 in).
277:in Europe, both men and women wore wooden
3238:
2559:
2502:
2097:
2087:
1815:. Greenwood Press/ABC-CLIO. p. 311.
1720:
1718:
1716:
1651:
1603:
1593:
1545:
1433:. Bata Shoe Museum, Toronto, Canada. 2017
1361:
1351:
977:In the UK in 2016 temporary receptionist
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
3140:International Journal of Health Services
2999:Voice of the Women's Liberation Movement
2208:The Postwar Period into the 21st Century
2070:Barnish M, Morgan HM, Barnish J (2018).
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
352:
2603:"High heels 'should be banned at work'"
1970:. Parkstone International. p. 72.
1307:
1182:specialize in dancing with high heels.
985:In April 2017 the Canadian province of
849:
571:
179:, development of foot deformities, and
2609:from the original on 23 September 2009
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1727:"Why did men stop wearing high heels?"
1676:"High Heels' Damage to the Human Foot"
1192:Dance and health § Risks of dance
806:In a 1992 study, researchers from the
597:Same shoe from above, showing pointed
3407:Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)
2747:from the original on 12 January 2022.
2585:"Carmel high heel ban makes Ripley's"
2220:
2218:
2216:
2202:Schwartz, Jessica. "Stiletto Heels".
2020:Elizabeth Hawkins (25 October 2017).
1998:
1996:
1994:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1919:, James Blackwood, pp. 261–262,
1897:
1895:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1025:sometimes been analyzed as a form of
386:wore heels, and his predecessor King
7:
3157:"Dance Centre Myway – Стили / Heels"
3025:from the original on 12 January 2022
2858:Hollingsworth, Julia (4 June 2019).
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1200:can squeeze tightly enough to cause
3211:Journal of Physical Therapy Science
3186:YANIS MARSHALL (28 December 2015).
3112:. ballroomguide.com. Archived from
2532:Journal of Physical Therapy Science
2475:Journal of Physical Therapy Science
2451:Rossi, William A. (February 2001).
2227:European Journal of Women's Studies
1836:Margo DeMello (10 September 2009).
1725:Kremer, William (25 January 2013).
1693:Mollerup, Per (30 September 2019).
1388:Reilly, Andrew; Barry, Ben (2020).
1340:Journal of Physical Therapy Science
2037:Evolutionary Psychological Science
1945:Shawcross, Rebecca. "High Heels."
1794:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.11.006
799:pressure and tension on the lower
223:Starting in the 10th century, the
25:
2813:Yi, Beh Lih (25 September 2017).
2655:McIntosh, Lindsay (16 May 2016).
2583:Bell, Diane (11 September 2014).
2206:, edited by Jose Blanco, vol. 4:
2022:"Why arched backs are attractive"
1394:. Intellect Books. pp. 98–.
4478:
2758:Collig, Pádraig (8 April 2017).
2127:, Palmer Higgs Pty Ltd, p.
1901:Blanco F José, et al., editors.
864:
852:
610:
590:
574:
431:similar in appearance to modern
121:with an upward-angled sole. The
43:
2628:Johnston, Chris (12 May 2016).
2411:10.1152/japplphysiol.01402.2011
1595:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.06.002
808:University of California, Davis
2685:Bilefsky, Dan (6 March 2017).
2368:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.03.008
2008:Gale Virtual Reference Library
1947:The Berg Companion to Fashion.
1125:Styles of dance that use heels
666:Annabelle – 7-cm platform heel
640:for women, and magazines like
1:
3134:Linder and Saltzman (1998), "
2964:Rhetoric & Public Affairs
2904:. 5 June 2019. Archived from
2733:Yorke, Harr (21 April 2017).
2399:Journal of Applied Physiology
2282:10.1016/s0169-8141(01)00038-5
1699:. MIT Press. pp. 76–77.
1133:Standard ballroom tango shoes
859:Diagram of an Achilles tendon
792:Pennsylvania State University
601:too narrow for the toes, and
201:
1782:Evolution and Human Behavior
1480:. CRC Press. pp. 542–.
829:patellofemoral pain syndrome
4464:
4210:
4166:
4122:
4113:
3895:Cross country running shoes
3752:
3629:
1640:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1538:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010053
904:Balance control of the body
900:, a deformity of the foot.
812:Thomas Jefferson University
790:A 2001 survey conducted by
704:Pinet – straight and skinny
200:European heeled shoes from
106:A pair of high-heeled shoes
66:, discuss the issue on the
32:High Heels (disambiguation)
4539:
2897:職場でハイヒール強制「業務上必要なら」 厚労相が容認
2317:10.1177/107110079201300206
1275:Locomotor effects of shoes
1189:
1064:
508:saw the popularization of
449:the famous British general
29:
4476:
3337:
2714:. BBC News. 21 April 2017
2089:10.1186/s12889-017-4573-4
2049:10.1007/s40806-017-0123-7
1844:. ABC-CLIO. p. 323.
1757:. "Feet of Engineering".
1653:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039
874:of the foot in high heels
480:During the 20th century,
405:Typical 18th-century shoe
303:same treatment as witches
257:in the 11th century, the
3287:"How to Wear High Heels"
3088:10.1177/0891243209356924
2896:
2239:10.1177/1350506813496397
2121:Maxfield, Clare (2004),
1709:– via IEEE Xplore.
648:University of Portsmouth
3267:"High Heel Shoe museum"
2674:(subscription required)
2589:San Diego Union-Tribune
1477:The Science of Footwear
1431:Google Arts and Culture
1104:Children's high-heeled
929:Spinal column curvature
729:Wedge – popularized by
617:World War II poster of
3868:Sport-related footwear
3440:Prince Albert slippers
3205:Han, Dongwook (2015).
2941:10.1086/aft.6.20711475
2839:. Reuters. 6 June 2019
1807:Margo DeMello (2009).
1334:Han, Dongwook (2015).
1134:
1112:
1085:
1017:
930:
893:
754:
750:fur, by Inuk designer
501:
464:
406:
370:
358:
350:
345:men's heeled shoes in
250:
205:
107:
3732:Australian work boots
2976:10.1353/rap.2003.0028
2183:collinsdictionary.com
1915:John Brookes (1859),
1132:
1103:
1083:
1015:
928:
887:
787:(only women tested).
745:
557:became popular among
495:
463:1850's sewing machine
462:
404:
364:
356:
341:
248:
199:
105:
4518:High-heeled footwear
4508:21st-century fashion
4503:20th-century fashion
3945:Mountaineering boots
3471:High-heeled footwear
3450:Venetian-style shoes
3076:Gender & Society
2487:10.1589/jpts.28.2482
2159:on 25 September 2015
1964:Klaus, Carl (2011).
1054:Cannes Film Festival
1042:Miss America protest
781:musculoskeletal pain
685:Cromwell – based on
504:The era surrounding
265:, a statue from the
177:musculoskeletal pain
72:create a new article
64:improve this article
4484:List of shoe styles
4228:Historical footwear
3814:Over-the-knee boots
3604:Cantabrian albarcas
2544:10.1589/jpts.28.956
1680:healthcare.utah.edu
1144:International Latin
1076:A Mile in Her Shoes
910:Sahmyook University
731:Salvatore Ferragamo
435:were popular among
4336:Blake construction
4180:Peshawari chappals
4141:Kolhapuri chappals
3343:Abandoned footwear
3273:on 21 January 2020
3223:10.1589/jpts.27.67
2794:. 30 November 2018
2691:The New York Times
2356:Gait & Posture
1887:The Society Pages.
1353:10.1589/jpts.27.67
1198:space for the toes
1156:tilting the pelvis
1135:
1113:
1086:
1029:in service of the
1018:
931:
894:
755:
529:, associated with
502:
468:production of the
465:
441:Battle of Waterloo
407:
375:Persian emissaries
371:
359:
351:
251:
206:
108:
4490:
4489:
4402:
4401:
4324:Shoe construction
3863:
3862:
3521:Driving moccasins
3509:
3508:
2902:The Asahi Shimbun
2076:BMC Public Health
1851:978-0-313-35715-2
1822:978-0-313-35714-5
1682:. 7 January 2016.
1487:978-1-4398-3569-2
1401:978-1-78938-115-3
1090:domestic violence
969:Carmel-by-the-Sea
500:high-heeled shoes
295:English Civil War
111:High-heeled shoes
100:
99:
92:
74:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
4530:
4482:
4481:
4469:
4362:
4215:
4171:
4127:
4118:
3940:Motorcycle boots
3935:Minimalist shoes
3850:Wellington boots
3824:Thigh-high boots
3757:
3676:Ammunition boots
3666:
3634:
3566:Tiger-head shoes
3546:Self-tying shoes
3423:
3387:Brothel creepers
3324:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3296:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3269:. Archived from
3253:
3252:
3242:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3167:on 21 March 2019
3163:. Archived from
3153:
3147:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3051:. Archived from
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2833:
2827:
2826:
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2822:
2810:
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2801:
2799:
2784:
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2775:
2773:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2481:(9): 2482–2485.
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2405:(6): 1054–1058.
2394:
2388:
2387:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2305:Foot & Ankle
2300:
2294:
2293:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2222:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2155:. Archived from
2149:
2143:
2141:
2124:Getting Gorgeous
2118:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1961:
1950:
1943:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1890:
1889:5 February 2013.
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1809:"Sumptuary laws"
1804:
1798:
1797:
1777:
1762:
1755:Trufelman, Avery
1752:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1646:(4): 1039–1044.
1631:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1573:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1517:
1492:
1491:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1406:
1405:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1331:
1265:High heel policy
1240:Thigh-high boots
1067:High heel policy
1040:At the feminist
987:British Columbia
921:Postural effects
868:
856:
817:metatarsal bones
779:associated with
614:
594:
578:
445:Wellington Boots
203:
117:, are a type of
113:, also known as
95:
88:
84:
81:
75:
47:
46:
39:
21:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4472:
4398:
4360:
4319:
4280:Flowerpot shoes
4223:
4019:
4015:Wrestling shoes
3859:
3833:
3809:Knee-high boots
3775:
3766:Steel-toe boots
3720:
3657:
3586:Wooden footwear
3580:
3505:
3454:
3421:
3363:
3362:
3333:
3328:
3295:. 20 July 2012.
3285:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3021:. 19 May 2015.
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:(in Japanese).
2898:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
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2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
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2732:
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2297:
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2214:
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2115:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2024:. springer.com.
2019:
2018:
2014:
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1893:
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1838:"United States"
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1210:
1194:
1188:
1152:Argentine tango
1127:
1122:
1098:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1027:objectification
1010:
965:
951:
923:
906:
882:
875:
872:Plantar flexion
869:
860:
857:
845:Achilles tendon
836:Muscle fascicle
796:lower back pain
776:
774:Injury and pain
771:
752:Nicole Camphaug
740:
724:long thin knife
687:Oliver Cromwell
660:
633:
626:
625:) in high heels
615:
606:
595:
586:
583:US Marine Corps
579:
478:
457:
447:popularized by
379:Abbas the Great
336:
318:, most wealthy
275:Medieval period
194:
189:
96:
85:
79:
76:
61:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:High-heel shoes
15:
12:
11:
5:
4536:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4389:Stiletto heels
4386:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4275:Duckbill shoes
4272:
4267:
4265:Chinese styles
4262:
4260:Cavalier boots
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Football boots
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:Climbing shoes
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Athletic shoes
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Platform boots
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3749:
3744:
3742:Engineer boots
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:Platform shoes
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Peep-toe shoes
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3283:
3261:
3260:External links
3258:
3255:
3254:
3197:
3178:
3161:mywaydance.com
3148:
3127:
3116:on 13 May 2021
3101:
3066:
3055:on 1 June 2016
3036:
3004:
2989:
2970:(1): 127–149.
2954:
2919:
2908:on 20 May 2022
2887:
2865:
2850:
2828:
2805:
2779:
2750:
2725:
2703:
2677:
2647:
2620:
2594:
2575:
2538:(3): 956–959.
2518:
2461:
2440:
2389:
2362:(2): 271–275.
2346:
2295:
2276:(6): 321–326.
2260:
2233:(4): 455–467.
2212:
2195:
2170:
2144:
2137:
2113:
2062:
2027:
2012:
1990:
1976:
1951:
1925:
1907:
1891:
1878:
1857:
1850:
1828:
1821:
1799:
1788:(3): 176–181.
1763:
1740:
1712:
1705:
1685:
1667:
1619:
1561:
1532:(1): e010053.
1493:
1486:
1466:
1444:
1407:
1400:
1377:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Removable heel
1282:
1280:Platform boots
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:Elevator shoes
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1202:foot deformity
1190:Main article:
1187:
1184:
1180:Yanis Marshall
1164:stiletto dance
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1097:
1094:
1077:
1074:
1065:Main article:
1062:
1059:
1009:
1006:
964:
961:
956:varicose veins
950:
947:
922:
919:
905:
902:
881:
878:
877:
876:
870:
863:
861:
858:
851:
775:
772:
770:
769:Health impacts
767:
759:patent leather
739:
736:
735:
734:
727:
717:
714:
711:
705:
702:
699:
693:
690:
683:
680:
674:
667:
664:
659:
656:
632:
629:
628:
627:
616:
609:
607:
596:
589:
587:
580:
573:
565:and the early
563:mod subculture
551:Winkle-pickers
531:Western movies
477:
474:
470:sewing machine
456:
453:
367:King Louis XIV
335:
332:
291:cavalier boots
267:Ramappa Temple
193:
190:
188:
185:
181:varicose veins
98:
97:
58:of the subject
56:worldwide view
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4535:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4485:
4475:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4341:Goodyear welt
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Bespoke shoes
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4235:Areni-1 shoes
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Hnyat-phanats
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4025:Folk footwear
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Roller skates
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Kung fu shoes
3928:
3926:
3925:Inline skates
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Cycling shoes
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:Jodhpur boots
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3789:Chelsea boots
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3781:Fashion boots
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:British clogs
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3427:Slip-on shoes
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Winklepickers
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3019:The Telegraph
3015:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2920:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2888:
2876:. 3 June 2019
2875:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2793:
2792:National Post
2789:
2783:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2741:The Telegraph
2737:
2729:
2726:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2662:
2658:
2651:
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2604:
2598:
2595:
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2553:
2549:
2545:
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2533:
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2505:
2500:
2496:
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2256:
2252:
2248:
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2240:
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2228:
2221:
2219:
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2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2138:9781921999376
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2114:
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2100:
2095:
2090:
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2077:
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2066:
2063:
2058:
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2046:
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2028:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
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1977:9781780421971
1973:
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1795:
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1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:99% Invisible
1756:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:9780262351577
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1290:Stiletto heel
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Fuck-me shoes
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
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1223:
1221:
1220:Fashion boots
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1185:
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1005:
1002:
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957:
949:Vein swelling
948:
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927:
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901:
899:
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867:
862:
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848:
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841:gastrocnemius
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515:stiletto heel
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4379:Kitten heels
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3985:Safari boots
3970:Roller shoes
3965:Riding boots
3960:Racing shoes
3955:Racing flats
3915:Hiking boots
3880:Ballet shoes
3855:Ballet boots
3799:Chukka boots
3793:Beatle boots
3761:Rigger boots
3737:Cowboy boots
3711:Trench boots
3706:Tanker boots
3701:Jungle boots
3686:Combat boots
3496:Saddle shoes
3470:
3466:Ballet flats
3292:Cosmopolitan
3290:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:the original
3217:(1): 67–69.
3214:
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3169:. Retrieved
3165:the original
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3146:(2): 201-225
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3114:the original
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3053:the original
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3001:. p. 4.
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2906:the original
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2765:The Guardian
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1457:. Retrieved
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1430:
1390:
1346:(1): 67–69.
1343:
1339:
1235:Riding boots
1230:Pointed shoe
1225:Foot binding
1215:Desert boots
1195:
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1114:
1108:for sale in
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623:Betty Grable
543:Beatle boots
520:
506:World War II
503:
486:World War II
479:
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439:. After the
433:cowboy boots
423:
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365:Portrait of
307:
255:Great Schism
252:
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4424:Dress socks
4419:Bobby socks
4384:Spool heels
4374:Clear heels
4346:Shoe buckle
4290:Lotus shoes
4098:Haferlschuh
4073:Espadrilles
4010:Water shoes
3990:Skate shoes
3804:Go-go boots
3716:Munson Last
3681:Bunny boots
3514:Other shoes
3435:Court shoes
3369:Dress shoes
2912:10 February
2880:10 February
2798:11 November
2613:14 November
2163:10 February
1605:1765/117473
1250:Cowboy boot
1245:Ballet boot
1061:Dress codes
994:Philippines
963:Legislation
619:pin-up girl
567:garage punk
555:Cuban heels
527:cowboy boot
510:pin-up girl
482:World War I
426:Regency era
424:During the
328:lotus shoes
240:cowboy boot
214:upper-class
149:masculinity
127:calf muscle
80:August 2021
4497:Categories
4434:Knee highs
4366:High heels
4295:Pampooties
4058:Bast shoes
4043:Alpargatas
3920:Ice skates
3885:Boat shoes
3696:Jump boots
3571:Veldskoens
3526:Flip-flops
3501:Slingbacks
3476:Mary Janes
3353:Shoemaking
3277:24 January
2843:29 October
2078:(Review).
2043:(2): 1–8.
1696:High heels
1302:References
1295:Wedge heel
1106:Mary Janes
1047:femininity
652:pants suit
638:sex symbol
559:Teddy boys
496:A pair of
419:witchcraft
415:parliament
388:Louis XIII
324:bound feet
322:women had
308:Under the
253:After the
154:femininity
115:high heels
4459:Toe socks
4439:Pantyhose
4429:Footwraps
4351:Shoelaces
4315:Turnshoes
4305:Poulaines
4255:Carbatina
4190:Tsarouchi
4185:Snowshoes
4146:Moccasins
3995:Ski boots
3950:Plimsolls
3829:Ugg boots
3754:Jika-tabi
3747:Hip boots
3691:Jackboots
3417:Wholecuts
3358:Shoe size
3231:0915-5287
3096:145672875
3049:yahoo.com
2984:143094250
2949:184089741
2935:: 42–51.
2817:. Reuters
2661:The Times
2552:0915-5287
2495:0915-5287
2419:8750-7587
2376:0966-6362
2325:0198-0211
2290:0169-8141
2255:144253838
2247:1350-5068
2082:(1): 37.
2057:149046079
1588:: 64–81.
1582:Maturitas
1437:20 August
1176:burlesque
1031:male gaze
890:toe boxes
748:harp seal
738:Materials
678:platforms
384:Louis XIV
192:Pre-1700s
68:talk page
4513:Clubwear
4449:Stocking
4300:Pigaches
4285:Hessians
4270:Chopines
4205:Valenkis
4108:Huarache
4005:Swimfins
4000:Sneakers
3980:Sabatons
3910:Ghillies
3669:Military
3624:Namaksin
3556:Slippers
3531:Galoshes
3331:Footwear
3249:25642040
3192:Archived
3120:19 March
3082:: 5–30.
3023:Archived
2768:. London
2745:Archived
2718:21 April
2663:. London
2636:. London
2607:Archived
2570:27134392
2513:27799675
2427:22241055
2384:22520457
2188:4 August
2108:28760147
1662:22483354
1614:31351522
1556:26769789
1526:BMJ Open
1459:4 August
1372:25642040
1208:See also
1186:Injuries
1139:Ballroom
1096:Children
1022:feminist
1008:Feminism
943:barefoot
935:cervical
785:calluses
720:Stiletto
708:Platform
696:New Look
673:culture.
498:stiletto
287:Venetian
236:stirrups
218:Butchers
216:status.
62:You may
4414:Anklets
4407:Hosiery
4356:Toe box
4250:Caligae
4240:Buskins
4195:Takunya
4156:Mukluks
4151:Mojaris
4078:Furlane
4053:Balghas
4048:Avarcas
4038:Abarkas
3653:Träskor
3643:Pattens
3638:Padukas
3619:Klompen
3560:Uwabaki
3541:Sandals
3459:Women's
3445:Loafers
3402:Oxfords
3382:Brogues
3377:Blucher
3240:4305600
3171:1 March
2821:29 July
2772:8 April
2696:7 March
2667:7 March
2561:4842473
2504:5080157
2435:6257203
2341:2694160
2333:1572591
2099:5537921
1733:20 June
1547:4735171
1363:4305600
1270:Insolia
1172:hip-hop
1120:Dancing
914:balance
898:bunions
880:Bunions
671:flapper
643:Playboy
599:toe box
569:scene.
525:as the
437:dandies
347:Safavid
343:Persian
316:dynasty
283:chopine
279:pattens
228:cavalry
225:Persian
187:History
166:plastic
158:leather
4454:Tights
4394:Wedges
4245:Calcei
4212:Waraji
4200:Upanah
4175:Opanci
4161:Nalins
4136:Kamiks
4131:Jorabs
4124:Jipsin
4083:Galesh
4063:Ciocie
4033:Abacas
3771:Waders
3551:Slides
3481:Mojari
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3029:16 May
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1110:Fuzhou
1001:#KuToo
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810:, and
561:, the
310:Manchu
271:paduka
232:galesh
164:, and
145:galesh
136:, and
134:gender
4523:Shoes
4310:Socci
4168:Okobo
4093:Giveh
4068:Clogs
3838:Other
3662:Boots
3648:Sabot
3631:Okobo
3609:Clogs
3594:Bakya
3486:Mules
3397:Monks
3392:Derby
3092:S2CID
2980:S2CID
2945:S2CID
2456:(PDF)
2431:S2CID
2337:S2CID
2251:S2CID
2053:S2CID
1983:6 May
1967:Shoes
1729:. BBC
1455:. BBC
763:steel
658:Types
581:1920
553:with
476:1900s
455:1800s
334:1700s
326:with
263:India
230:wore
173:falls
162:suede
70:, or
4466:Tabi
4444:Sock
4219:Zōri
4088:Geta
3725:Work
3614:Geta
3576:Zōri
3348:Shoe
3279:2021
3245:PMID
3227:ISSN
3173:2019
3122:2019
3061:2016
3031:2016
2914:2023
2882:2023
2845:2019
2823:2019
2800:2019
2774:2017
2720:2017
2698:2017
2669:2017
2642:2016
2615:2019
2566:PMID
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1972:ISBN
1873:2023
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937:and
824:knee
549:and
539:1970
537:and
535:1960
523:1950
484:and
313:Qing
259:Pope
204:1690
123:heel
119:shoe
4115:Hwa
3235:PMC
3219:doi
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