100:
132:
80:
116:
251:
17:
286:
one circular string making up 4 or 6 loops around a central spot or circle, or 2 of them doing 8 loops; these rosettes seem static but in fact, loops have a sense of rotation that can be figured (the cord toward the right upside) or
242:
or rosettes. They may be different in each sector. Sometimes, depictions of tools point out the trade of the deceased, whose name is seldom mentioned. Stylized hands open upwards may also be found.
388:" (the bird of Orhy) has led to many representations of a bird flying towards this emblematic mountain. Others have seen connections to a prehistoric solar cult arriving with the
296:
Some figures are designed to give an idea of rotation, generally clockwise, a sense which is often analyzed as positive. The most popular figures are :
481:
311:
One
Navarrese hilarri presents a kind of lauburu made of four walking legs. This motive cannot be considered as usual in the Basque Country.
201:
Geometric symbols are regularly distributed on the disc within 4 or 8 circle sectors. The quarters are often delimited by a cross as:
21:
99:
46:
115:
131:
79:
280:
or octogram (with 5, 6 or 8 points); sometimes an armed-cross is superimposed, arms being inserted between points;
476:
486:
60:
stand. They belong to an old tradition throughout all of the
Western Mediterranean, which includes parts of
413:
353:
454:
357:
259:
176:
90:
31:
213:
106:
372:
The surrounding of the disc is often decorated, giving an impression of a shining sun.
470:
380:
Many innovative ornamentations can be observed in modern hilarris. As an example, in
238:
Each sector is decorated with various small decorative symbols such as stars, moons,
224:
217:
161:
428:
361:
328:
165:
65:
227:, similar to the former but with, for each arm, 2 concavities delimited by 3 tips.
338:
262:. In this case the order of symmetry is often 6. The most frequent figures are:
433:
393:
345:
273:
57:
250:
307:
solar rosettes (of approximately 16 to 36 wings evoking a camera shutter).
193:
A smaller rosette, a
Christian cross or a text may be added on the stand.
438:
423:
418:
277:
232:
381:
301:
183:
169:
122:
401:
209:(flory), often reinforced by tangent arcs linking arms to each other;
157:
61:
457:
Association
Lauburu, Bulletin du Musée Basque n° 49 & 50, 1976.
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rosettes made up of 6 laurel leaves (with 2 in a horizontal plane);
52:
These funerary steles present a disc-shaped head facing the rising
397:
389:
249:
239:
206:
86:
42:
16:
164:(marked or implicit), a structuring of space that recalls the
53:
352:
They are all identified with Christ as the sun rising after
356:, evident also in Basque church symbols and the imagery of
327:
symbol, made up of 3 vertical lines, crossing 3 horizontal
269:
rosettes with 8 to 36 petals radiating from a central spot;
404:(the star) of Fertility among the desert and Sea People.
332:
324:
68:, but today they are mainly found in the Basque Country.
344:
some rare human representations can also be noticed;
231:
They may be very simple or well worked. Sometimes, a
451:
Contribution à l'étude de la stèle discoïdale basque
335:; it could be a symbolic representation of weaving;
160:, generally organizing the disc into four or eight
41:'stone') is the name given to disk-shaped funerary
319:Some more specific figures can be encountered as:
461:Les stèles discoïdales et l'art funéraire basque
8:
348:could have been a stylization of human body.
186:or other figures that indicate a rotation;
15:
75:
283:a square made up of 4 smaller squares;
235:secondary cross completes the figure.
7:
258:Many steles are decorated by single
400:, consort or manifestation of the
14:
331:, linked to each other as a wide
137:A cross and many kinds of stars.
130:
114:
98:
78:
216:with concave ends evoking the
152:The disc may be decorated by:
1:
482:Culture of the Basque Country
292:Figures indicating a rotation
396:and related to the Egyptian
323:a figure that looks like a
503:
384:, the traditional song "
45:that are typical of the
414:Armenian eternity sign
255:
254:A figure with 6 loops.
189:more specific figures.
24:
253:
109:and text 'our grave'.
20:Hilarri facsimile in
19:
256:
125:and text 'Memory'.
25:
197:Geometric symbols
494:
134:
118:
102:
82:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:
493:
492:
491:
477:Funerary steles
467:
466:
447:
410:
378:
376:Modern hilarris
370:
317:
294:
248:
199:
150:
145:
138:
135:
126:
119:
110:
103:
94:
83:
74:
12:
11:
5:
500:
498:
490:
489:
487:Basque symbols
484:
479:
469:
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458:
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436:
431:
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369:
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342:
341:(IHS + cross);
336:
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313:
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293:
290:
289:
288:
284:
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270:
267:
247:
244:
240:potent crosses
229:
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210:
207:flowered cross
198:
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187:
180:
173:
162:circle sectors
149:
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144:
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140:
139:
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120:
113:
111:
104:
97:
95:
84:
77:
73:
70:
47:Basque Country
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
499:
488:
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483:
480:
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475:
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472:
462:
459:
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455:Michel Duvert
452:
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386:Orhiko txoria
383:
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367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
347:
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340:
337:
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330:
326:
322:
321:
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315:Other symbols
314:
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298:
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291:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
268:
265:
264:
263:
261:
252:
245:
243:
241:
236:
234:
226:
225:Occitan cross
222:
219:
218:Maltese cross
215:
211:
208:
204:
203:
202:
196:
194:
188:
185:
181:
178:
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143:Ornamentation
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117:
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101:
96:
92:
88:
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63:
59:
55:
50:
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36:
33:
29:
23:
18:
460:
450:
429:Celtic cross
385:
379:
371:
362:Jesuit Order
354:Resurrection
351:
339:Christograms
318:
310:
295:
257:
237:
230:
214:cross pattée
200:
192:
166:coat of arms
151:
107:cross pattée
66:North Africa
51:
38:
34:
27:
26:
368:Surrounding
58:trapezoidal
37:'dead' and
471:Categories
463:, Lauburu.
445:References
434:High cross
346:pentagrams
212:a kind of
156:geometric
93:by sector.
394:Jentillak
274:pentagram
272:stars as
175:a single
439:Khachkar
424:Borjgali
419:Atalburu
408:See also
329:segments
278:hexagram
260:rosettes
246:Rosettes
233:diagonal
148:Typology
72:Examples
382:Zuberoa
302:lauburu
184:lauburu
177:rosette
170:Navarre
158:symbols
123:lauburu
91:rosette
28:Hilarri
402:Ishtar
358:Loyola
89:and a
62:Europe
43:steles
32:Basque
30:(from
22:Ainhoa
398:Horus
390:Mauri
87:cross
56:on a
39:harri
360:'s
300:the
287:not.
64:and
392:or
223:an
168:of
54:sun
49:.
35:hil
473::
453:,
364:.
325:$
276:,
205:a
182:a
121:A
105:A
85:A
333:S
304:;
220:;
179:;
172:;
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