2429:. The most classy content that has created new audiences who were not looking for Hindi poetry or Hindi content is Hindi Kavita. This movement started in 2014 by Manish Gupta has generated an entirely new market and brought many projects to the fore. Many award-winning poets, scholars, journalists and celebrities from film, television and theatre have come forward to support the cause and take it further. Hindi Kavita has also made significant contributions to Indian film music. Several famous musical masterpieces have been witnessed.
91:
2319:, represents the adolescence of Hindi Poetry. It is marked by beauty of expression and flow of intense emotion. The four representative poets of this era represent the best in Hindi Poetry. A unique feature of this period is the emotional (and sometimes active) attachment of poets with national freedom struggle, their effort to understand and imbibe the vast spirit of a magnificent ancient culture and their towering genius which grossly overshadowed all the literary 'talked abouts' of next seven decades.
3823:"Geeta Kavita - Collection of Poems, Articles, Geet, Geeta Kavya Madhuri, Geeta, Devnagri script, Geeta, Rajiv Krishna Saxena, Rajiv Saxena, Rajeev Saxena, kavita geeta, kavita gita, Kavita, Kavita, Poems, famous indian poets, famous poets, Kavi, kavita, Geeta. Gita, Geeta, Gita, contemplation, dharma, spirituality, bharat, Dharamvir Bharati, Rajiv K. Saxena, Rajiv Saxena, Rajeev Saksena, Celestial Song Srimad Bhagvat Geeta Bhagvad Gita translation into metered Hindi verses, Geeta Kavya Madhuri"
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aesthetic considerations are secondary. Imagination, originality, poetic sensibility and expression are wanting, the metre is restrictive, the idiom clumsy." She adds, however, that the period was important for laying the foundations to the modern Hindi poetry and that it did reflect sensitivity to social issues of the time. However, she also adds that the inelegance is a typical feature of a "young" poetry, as she considers Modern Hindi.
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As the
Independence struggle was gathering steam playwrights broaching issues of nationalism and subversive ideas against the British, yet to dodge censorship they adapted themes from mythology, history and legend and used them as vehicle for political messages, a trend that continues to date, though
2380:
all poets of note in their own right. Apart from being poets, Nalin
Vilochan and Kesari Kumar were also brilliant critics, with a wide perspective on literary history. Their critical attitude is marked by a synthesis or coordination of various disciplines of human knowledge – philosophy, history, art
2261:
Some scholars have labelled much of the poetry of this period as "versified propaganda". According to Lucy
Rosenstein: "It is verse of public statement; its language is functional but aesthetically unappealing. Earnestly concerned with social issues and moral values, it is puritanical poetry in which
1809:
to describe this dialect. Others such as
Roustami, Nishati etc. preferred to call it Deccani. Shah Buharnuddin Janam Bijapuri used to call it Hindi. The first Deccani author was Khwaja Bandanawaz Gesudaraz Muhammad Hasan. He wrote three prose works – Mirazul Aashkini, Hidayatnama and Risala Sehwara.
3453:
Born in
Kashmir, he came to Calcutta and started Bharat Mitra in 1878. In 1879, he began another weekly magazine- Saar Sudhanidhi but it closed down in that same year. On 17 August 1880, he started a 3rd weekly- Ucchit Vakta- meaning Right or Best Time. Ucchit Vakta focused on spreading the truth
2037:
literature. This era is called Riti (meaning 'procedure') because it was the age when poetic figures and theory were developed to the fullest. But this emphasis on poetry theory greatly reduced the emotional aspects of poetry—the main characteristic of the Bhakti movement—and the actual content of
3444:
Malviya was a great patriot and his love for his country was seen in all of his writings. He also contributed to Aaj, and helped to found the
Hindustan Times in 1933, along with its Hindi counterpart Hindustan. Babu Gulabrai (17 January 1888 – 13 April 1963) (pen name: Gulabrai MA) was one of the
3429:
was born in 1861 in
Allahabad to a Brahmin family. From 1885 to 1887 was the editor of Indian Opinion. He was a strong supporter of the Congress. He helped launch the newspaper Dainik Hindustan and was its editor from 1887 to 1889. He was a close friend of many eminent Hindi writers like Gopalram
3478:
During the 1971 war, Bharati reported from the frontlines of the battle. He covered all the horrors of the war. His series of reports, the finest in Hindi war journalism, were published under the title of 'Yudh Yatra'. As an honest and dedicated reporter, Bharati was unrivaled. After the war, he
3433:
Along with Bal Mukund Gupta, he launched an Urdu journal 'Kohinoor' from Lahore. In those days, Gupta was not a facile Hindi scholar, but under
Malviya's training, Gupta became editor of Bharat Mitra. In 1908, Malviya founded a new revolutionary journal Abhyudaya from Prayag. The renowned writer
2265:
Without a poetic tradition in modern Hindi, poets often modeled their forms on Braj, and later on
Sanskrit, Urdu, Bengali and English forms, often ill-suited to Hindi. The subjects of the poems tended to be communal rather than personal. Characters were often presented not as individuals but as
3417:
KVS was acknowledged to be the finest literary journal in any Indian language of that time, and was on par with the best of
English journals. Bharatendu kept the journal up until his death 1885. Because of his extraordinary achievements, he is considered the most prolific Hindi journalist.
2218:, who is considered the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Before Premchand, the Hindi literature revolved around fairy or magical tales, entertaining stories and religious themes. Premchand's novels have been translated into many other languages.
2564:
did in the 1970s–80s. Post-independence the emerging republic threw up new issues for playwrights to tackle and express, and Hindi playwriting showed greater brevity and symbolism, but it was not as prolific as in case with Hindi poetry or fiction. Yet we have playwrights like
3413:
began his career as a journalist at the age of 17. Published Kavi Vachan Sudha (1867) a monthly dedicated to ancient and medieval poetry. Published Harishchandra Magazine in 1873 – a general interest magazine. Published Bala Bodhini from 1874 – for women and young girls.
2237:, who played a major role in establishing the modern Hindi language in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of the Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love. He encouraged poetry in Hindi dedicated to nationalism and social reform.
3457:
Mishra underwent a lot of difficulties trying to bring out a critical publication at the time of the British Raj. At times he was the editor, writer and also sold the paper himself. He was an inspiration for many journalists, particularly Bal Mukund Gupta.
2038:
the poetry became less important. The Saguna School of the Bhakti Yug split into two schools (Rama bhakti and Krishna bhakti) somewhere in the interregnum of the Bhakti and the Reeti Eras. Although most Reeti works were outwardly related to
2016:
and was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Nirgun School of Bhakti Poetry was also tremendously secular in nature and its propounders like Kabir and Guru Nanak had a large number of followers irrespective of caste or religion.
2552:
now it was employed to bring out social, personal and psychological issues rather than clearly political, though street theatre broke this trend in coming decades in post-independence era, like IPTA-inspired, Naya Theatre of
2664:
and preference for agricultural society over the age of machines, his romantic outlook, aesthetic sensibility, his keen eye on contemporary reality and classical style place him very high among contemporary essayists in
3474:
He began his journalist career in Abhyudaya, a journal by Padmakant Malviya. He then joined Sangam, edited by Ilachand Joshi and then became editor of Dharmayug. Thanks to Bharati, this journal became very popular.
1636:
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graduated in BA (first class) in 1945 and in 1947 completed his MA in Hindi literature (first class) and finally did his PhD from Allahabad University. For some time he was principal of Allahabad University.
3804:
2246:
in 1903, the first Hindi monthly magazine of India, which was established in 1900. He used it to crusade for reforms in the Hindi literature. One of the most prominent poems of the period was
1629:
2445:(Hindi: हरिशंकर परसाई) (22 August 1924 – 1995) was a Hindi writer. He was a noted satirist and humorist of modern Hindi literature and is known for his simple and direct style.,
3507:
1622:
2469:
2331:
3482:
Bharati was also famous as a short story writer, poet, essayist and novelist. The best known of his works are 'Band Galli ka Aakhiri Makaan', 'Andha Yug', 'Kunpriya'.
3599:
512:
1904:
The Bhakti period also marked great theoretical development in poetry forms chiefly from a mixture of older forms of poetry. These included Verse Patterns like
734:
4752:
1805:
script. Nevertheless, the Hindavi literature can be considered proto-Hindi literature. Many Deccani experts like Sheikh Ashraf or Mulla Vajahi used the word
1975:
and others and was a logical extension of the Dvaita and Vishishta Advaita Philosophy propounded by the likes of Madhavacharya etc. This school was chiefly
495:
2004:
This was also the age of tremendous integration between the Hindu and the Islamic elements in the Arts with the advent of many Muslim Bhakti poets like
3555:"Hindi Language, Hindi Language Of India, Hindi Official Language Of India, Hindi Boli, Devnagri, Mother Tongue Of India, History Of Hindi Literature"
766:
like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles- गद्य (Gadya-prose), पद्य( Padya- poetry) and चम्प्पू (Campū -
2500:
was a major Hindi and Maithili poet who has also penned a number of novels, short stories, literary biographies and travelogues, and was known as ("
3648:
4793:
4153:
2488:
was one of the greatest travelled scholars of India, spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. He is known as the (
770:.) In terms of historical development, it is broadly classified into five prominent forms (genres) based on the date of production. They are:
4535:
3943:
3762:
3685:
2581:), who displayed a steadily evolving understanding of stagecraft. These were followed another generation of pioneers in Hindi playwrighting,
1747:
and Nathpanthi poetical works belonging to this period are also found, but their genuineness is again, doubted. The Siddhas belonged to the
4392:
4032:
2144:
in 1888, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi. The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was
4000:
3441:
After Abhyudaya, Malviya founded a monthly magazine 'Maryada', in 1909 he founded a daily 'Leader' and later on another daily – 'Bharat'.
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708:
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4106:
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63:
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4407:
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947:
488:
217:
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Many attempts have been made to document Hindi poetry. Some of the most comprehensive online collections for Hindi poetry are
4497:
3345:
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1581:
623:
189:
174:
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in Hindi. Vyangya writings includes the essence of sarcasm and humour. Some of the better known writers in this genre are,
3726:
2309:
3968:
2910:(1823–1913), author of about fifty kavya-granthas and thousands of padas, he is known as Bhismpitama of the Hindi poetry.
4502:
3352:
2684:
720:
549:
521:
196:
3163:
1920:(Heroic Poetry), the Bhakti Yug marked a much more diverse and vibrant form of poetry which spanned the whole gamut of
727:
1576:
1518:
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899:
4402:
632:
4778:
4659:
4492:
4146:
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2157:
1571:
481:
340:
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203:
4732:
4528:
2465:
1482:
1387:
1232:
1116:
399:
327:
288:
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is one of the writers who dedicated themselves entirely to the form of essay-writing. His collections of essays
4210:
3876:
3702:
3410:
3222:
2913:
2357:
2169:
2005:
1916:. Unlike the Adi Kaal (also called the Vir Gatha Kaal) which was characterised by an overdose of Poetry in the
1546:
703:
105:
99:
3858:
3572:
1732:, were the other prominent literary figures in this period. However, after Prithviraj Chauhan's defeat in the
3341:
2399:
2312:
was another great poet with some Chayavaadi element in his poetry although he wrote in other genres as well.
185:
4446:
3319:
2517:
1740:. Very few scriptures and manuscripts from this period are available and their genuineness is also doubted.
1733:
163:
4691:
4451:
4318:
3517:
3435:
2943:
2566:
2234:
1298:
1143:
952:
652:
116:
4477:
4414:
4139:
3228:
3153:
3125:
3045:
2757:
2678:
2373:
1856:
1694:), is considered one of the first works in the Bhraj Bhasha literature.Chand Bardai was a court poet of
1467:
1371:
1361:
1293:
1054:
925:
895:
698:
675:
459:
69:
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4707:
4580:
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4313:
4225:
4195:
4011:
3426:
3109:
3041:
3001:
2932:
2927:
2247:
2242:
2161:
2141:
2137:
1596:
1447:
1412:
1340:
1256:
1246:
1241:
689:
556:
346:
2148:, who is considered the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement.
4555:
4270:
4230:
4205:
4178:
3251:
3096:
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2994:
2066:
1541:
1525:
1513:
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1417:
1402:
1330:
1284:
1271:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1138:
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1049:
903:
867:
670:
529:
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394:
374:
365:
303:
2127:
2099:
4742:
4654:
4570:
4173:
3181:
3079:
3063:
2657:
2485:
2461:
2442:
2372:, a school deriving its nomenclature from the first letters of the names of its three pioneers –
2301:
1695:
1586:
1551:
1495:
1452:
1437:
1422:
1356:
1325:
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1251:
1088:
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1044:
957:
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454:
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384:
336:
279:
2422:
2103:
763:
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4472:
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4102:
4088:
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4038:
4017:
3939:
3758:
3681:
3499:
3467:
3366:
3217:
3015:
2896:
2865:
2600:
2533:
2491:
2477:
2450:
2289:
2095:
2046:
1956:
1913:
1830:
1755:. Some scholars argue that the language of Siddha poetry is not an earlier form of Hindi, but
1612:
1472:
1462:
1457:
1407:
1392:
1335:
1189:
1164:
1131:
1074:
1059:
907:
464:
449:
439:
356:
313:
272:
210:
38:
4101:, by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1981.
4722:
4717:
4397:
4308:
4260:
4220:
4188:
3291:
3202:
2968:(1880–1936), considered one of the greatest Hindi novelists of all time. His novels include
2965:
2784:
2587:
2574:
2557:
2145:
1981:
1959:. They believed in the concept of Nirgun Nirakaar Brahma or the Shapeless Formless One. The
1871:
1802:
1737:
1707:
1591:
1397:
1307:
1261:
1184:
1126:
1111:
1106:
967:
887:
680:
637:
572:
308:
31:
3697:
4712:
4628:
4560:
4337:
4303:
4295:
4280:
4247:
3935:
3754:
3596:
3589:
3269:
3103:
2698:
2316:
1952:
1943:
school (the believers of a God with attributes and worshippers of Vishnu's incarnations).
1848:
1798:
1790:
1679:
1477:
1366:
1024:
962:
911:
879:
800:
755:
647:
588:
469:
444:
389:
379:
351:
293:
3454:(about the British Raj) and fighting for justice. It became very popular for many years.
1912:(four-liners) etc. This was also the age when Poetry was characterised under the various
4773:
4482:
4183:
3782:
3538:
3285:
3263:
3256:
3235:
3147:
3115:
2890:
2661:
2653:
2625:
2610:
2297:
1960:
1881:
1782:
1169:
1121:
759:
318:
3238:(1929–1990) was a versatile Hindi poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist.
4767:
4686:
4623:
4613:
4565:
4355:
4215:
4126:
3278:
3142:
3137:
2982:
2825:
2614:
2561:
2513:
2497:
2476:
were some of the great Indian writers who dedicated themselves entirely to the Hindi
2473:
2446:
2411:
2123:
2074:
2062:
2009:
1179:
1159:
1019:
891:
577:
3615:
3288:(1940–2021), known for reinventing the ancient form of epic writing in modern prose.
910:, are sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi (excluding
4590:
4487:
4350:
3649:"Stop outraging over Marathi – Hindi and English chauvinism is much worse in India"
3241:
3197:
3187:
3168:
2837:
2693:
2582:
2553:
2377:
2349:
2233:("Age of Dwivedi") in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after
2107:
1684:
566:
561:
1855:
were the dialects in which literature was developed. The main works in Avadhi are
1817:
During the later part of this period and early Bhakti Kala, many saint-poets like
3673:
1951:
belong to the Nirguna school, and their philosophy was greatly influenced by the
4727:
4255:
3308:
2976:
2815:
2705:
2119:
1852:
1713:
983:
871:
767:
152:
17:
4034:
The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To Jyoti), Volume 2
3730:
3294:(1957–), author of Ret Samadhi which won the International Booker Prize in 2022
2274:
In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as
4664:
4323:
4200:
3972:
3840:
3554:
3489:
3106:(1905–1988), An extremely influential figure in 20th-century Hindi literature.
3020:
2988:
2415:
2381:
and culture, all pressed into the service of literary appraisal and analysis.
2336:
2276:
2131:
1948:
1894:
1822:
1767:
593:
2045:, their emphasis had changed from total devotion to the supreme being to the
1736:, most literary works belonging to this period were destroyed by the army of
4285:
3958:
Ardhakathanaka: Half a Tale by Mukund Lath (Translator), Rupa & Co, 2005
2907:
2885:
2795:
2723:
2605:
2215:
2177:
2115:
2049:
or erotic aspects of Krishna's life—his Leela, his pranks with the Gopis in
1976:
1964:
1826:
1748:
1174:
2394:
Hindi has a rich legacy of poetry ( Shayari ). There are several genres of
2195:
2110:, called Ain e Akbari ki Bhasha Vachanika, and Rewa Maharaja's treatise on
2660:, he was proud of Indian heritage. His love for natural beauty and Indian
2410:
is humorous comic poetry in Hindi. It is particularly famous due to Hindi
4585:
4360:
3131:
3026:
2875:
2779:
2762:
2403:
2165:
1972:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1818:
1786:
1752:
1717:
883:
582:
2172:
hired professors to write books in Hindustani. Some of these books were
4618:
4061:, by Ram Awadh Dwivedi. Published by Hindi Pracharak Pustakalaya, 1953.
3085:
2830:
2805:
2769:
2438:
2070:
2054:
2039:
1998:
1771:
1759:
1756:
1666:
875:
599:
298:
2368:
Among the numerous schools of poetry which sprang up in the 1950s was
1825:
became famous. The earliest form of Hindi can also be seen in some of
4638:
4633:
4333:
4099:
A New Voice for New Times: The Development of Modern Hindi Literature
3698:"Education will lay the foundation of India's future, says President"
3174:
2970:
2809:
2739:
2733:
2426:
2395:
2208:
2079:
2042:
1968:
1939:
school (the believers of a formless God or an abstract name) and the
1886:
1842:
1744:
1725:
1724:, was his court poet. Jagnayak (sometimes Jagnik), the royal poet in
993:
786:
609:
604:
2122:
was published in 1809. Lala Srinivas Das published a novel in Hindi
754:: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various
3672:
Lucy (aka "Ludmila") Rosenstein, editor, translator, author of the
4162:
3018:(1889–1937), poet, novelist, playwright, stalwart of the literary
2851:
2729:
2666:
2200:
2194:
2111:
2058:
2034:
2013:
1944:
1921:
1898:
1794:
1729:
1703:
1699:
1674:
1670:
998:
988:
751:
538:
2284:) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as
2214:
The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was
1778:(heroic poets) poetry works are also available from this period.
4544:
4085:
Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
3430:
Gehmari, Amrutlal Chakravarty and Pandit Pratap Narayan Mishra.
2536:
became the next big figure in Hindi playwriting with plays like
2050:
1994:
1763:
543:
4517:
4135:
3822:
762:. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of
4087:, by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Published by Harrassowitz, 1974.
4073:, by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Published by Harrassowitz, 1984.
4071:
Hindi Literature from Its Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century
3302:
146:
84:
43:
3630:"'Your article on Hindi chauvinism had factual inaccuracies'"
2069:
fit this bill. The most well known book from this age is the
3082:, (1900–1977) eminent Hindi poet who wrote mainly on nature.
1841:
The medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of
3479:
became editor of 2 more journals- Aalochana and Nikarshak.
2254:, which evokes the past glory of India. Shridhar Prathak's
34:, the specific literature of the Hindu religious tradition.
3266:(1933–1975), prominent Hindi poet and composer of ghazals.
4115:, by Ganga Ram Garg. Published by Concept Pub. Co., 1986.
2652:
have enormously enriched the form of essay. A scholar of
4131:
2818:(1586–1643) who is known for his poetic autobiography -
1979:
in orientation as in seen in the main compositions like
4513:
3066:(1893–1962), the father of Indian travelled literature.
774:Ādi Kāl /Vīr-Gāthā Kāl (आदि काल/वीरगाथा काल) --
3445:
greatest literary figures of modern Hindi literature.
3190:(1922–2000), poet, playwright, one of the pioneers of
2033:
period, the erotic element became predominant in the
3134:(1911–1998), hailed as Janakavi (The People's Poet).
4700:
4677:
4647:
4606:
4599:
4460:
4439:
4423:
4373:
4332:
4294:
4246:
4239:
3508:
Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya
3333:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2715:
2709:
2130:in 1886. Shardha Ram Phillauri wrote a Hindi novel
1716:, the last ruler of Kannauj gave more patronage to
177:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4067:, by K. B. Jindal. Published by Kitab Mahal, 1955.
3573:"संविधान में हिंदी- डॉ लक्ष्मीमल्ल सिंघवी का आलेख"
2726:(1352–1448), a prominent poet of Eastern dialects.
1720:rather than local dialects. Harsha, the author of
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3678:New Poetry in Hindi: Nayi Kavita: An Introduction
2077:, a collection of Dohas (couplets), dealing with
1897:was also a language commonly used, especially by
4013:Western tradition and naturalistic Hindi theatre
2053:, and the description of the physical beauty of
866:The literature was produced in dialects such as
3744:
3742:
3740:
814:Rīti Kāl /Śṛṅgār Kāl (रीति काल/ शृंगार काल) --
3118:(1907–1987), one of the "four pillars" of the
3072:(1896–1961), one of the "four pillars" of the
1845:movement and composition of long, epic poems.
4529:
4147:
3140:(1915–2003), novelist, playwright, author of
1789:or Hindavi was used. It flourished under the
1630:
728:
489:
8:
3200:(1925–1972), novelist, playwright known for
3727:"Indian Poets I Bio-Notes on Hindi Poets I"
2930:(1861–1913), author of mystery novels like
2470:Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya'
894:. From the 20th century, works produced in
78:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4603:
4536:
4522:
4514:
4243:
4154:
4140:
4132:
4113:An Encyclopaedia of World Hindi Literature
3600:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
3220:(1926–1997), a renowned writer, author of
3112:(1907–1979), novelist, literary historian.
1650:Adi Kal or Vir-Gatha kal (c. 1050 to 1375)
1637:
1623:
1502:
1314:
1207:
1095:
941:
921:
735:
721:
507:
496:
482:
268:
3932:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2
3393:Learn how and when to remove this message
2207:(The Art of Magic); Jwala Prakash Press,
823:which are marked with high ornamentalism.
255:Learn how and when to remove this message
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
3244:(1929–2005), one of the founders of the
2258:is another renowned poem of the period.
98:This article includes a list of general
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3529:
3184:(1922–1995), known for satirical works.
1563:
1533:
1505:
1494:
1379:
1348:
1317:
1306:
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1231:
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688:
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528:
364:
326:
278:
271:
2114:. Both books came out in 1795. Munshi
1875:. The major works in Braj dialect are
3647:Daniyal, Shoaib (18 September 2015).
3166:(1921–1977), novelist best known for
3128:(1908–1974), hailed as a Rashtrakavi.
2828:(1595–1664) became famous by writing
1814:. The first Deccani poet was Nizami.
7:
4393:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
3331:adding citations to reliable sources
3156:(1916–1961), one of the pioneers of
2061:,(Krishna's Consort). The poetry of
1935:Bhakti poetry had two schools – the
1810:His grandson Abdulla Hussaini wrote
175:adding citations to reliable sources
4388:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
3543:(in Sanskrit). sanskritebooks.org/.
2808:(1548–1628), a major figure of the
2732:(1398–1518), a major figure of the
795:Prominent genre in this period was
4383:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
3751:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
3438:was a frequent contributor to it.
2532:(1878), in the late 19th century,
1665:) was developed in the regions of
819:The major genre of this period is
104:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3729:. 26 October 2009. Archived from
3024:movement. His greatest works are
2437:The rhetoric of satire is called
2118:'s Hindi translation of Sanskrit
2094:The first Hindi books, using the
1963:school was represented by mainly
1663: before the 15th century CE
842:Navyottar Kāl (नव्योत्तर काल) --
59:This article has multiple issues.
3492:
3307:
3044:(1889–1968), first recipient of
2920:etc.; his works are compiled in
2021:Riti-kavya kal (c. 1700 to 1900)
1677:stretching up to central India.
1606:
511:
151:
89:
48:
27:Literature in the Hindi language
4431:Department of Official Language
4408:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
3318:needs additional citations for
2418:is children's rhymes in Hindi.
1728:, and Nalha, the royal poet in
780:Poems extolling brave warriors.
162:needs additional citations for
67:or discuss these issues on the
4753:Uddin & Begum Romanisation
3930:Datta, Amaresh Dattal (1988).
2402:(e.g., Shringar, Karun, Veer,
550:Regional or dialectal variants
1:
4794:Indian literature by language
4748:Progressive Writers' Movement
4127:Hindi Language and Literature
4065:A History of Hindi literature
3877:"चुनावी चौपाल पर 'पाल' चिंतन"
2609:, and other playwrights like
2240:Dwivedi became the editor of
2152:Adhunik kal (c. 1900 onwards)
2134:which was published in 1888.
1837:Bhakti kaal (c. 1375 to 1700)
1688:
1659:
2685:List of Hindi language poets
2188:by Sadasukhlal of Delhi and
830:Ādhunik Kāl (आधुनिक काल) --
3540:Subhashita Ratna Bhandagara
3070:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
2888:(1763–1835), translator of
2760:(1477–1542), author of the
2716:
2710:
2502:Janakavi- the People's Poet
2294:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
1577:List of years in literature
4810:
3466:Born on 25 December 1926,
2708:(1253–1325 AD), author of
2682:
2676:
2516:as well as playwrighting,
2385:Genres of Hindi Literature
2322:Other important genres of
2192:by Munshi Inshallah Khan.
2158:British East India Company
1683:, an epic poem written by
1572:History of science fiction
778:This period was marked by
36:
29:
4784:Hindi-language literature
4551:
4169:
3779:"Mera Kharapan Shesh Hai"
3705:, President's Secretariat
3512:Indian central university
3299:Eminent Hindi journalists
2466:Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan
1901:in his poetry and dohas.
1483:Indian writing in English
914:of Hindustani language).
4010:Diana Dimitrova (2004).
3841:"Hindi Kavita - YouTube"
3703:Press Information Bureau
3577:www.abhivyakti-hindi.org
3559:languages.iloveindia.com
3411:Bharatendu Harishchandra
3406:Bharatendu Harishchandra
2914:Bharatendu Harishchandra
2358:Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh
2352:and others; followed by
2168:. The college president
2006:Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
1801:. It was written in the
1202:North and South American
849:Post- Modern literature.
366:Medieval to early Modern
37:Not to be confused with
30:Not to be confused with
4447:World Hindi Secretariat
3911:
3900:
3889:
3254:(1932–2007), author of
3088:(1903–1976), author of
3004:(1886–1964), author of
2946:(1864–1938), author of
2916:(1850–1885), author of
2878:(1700–1753), author of
2868:(1669–1708), author of
2854:(1643–1723), author of
2840:(1612–1713), author of
2834:(Seven Hundred Verses).
2798:(1555–1617), author of
2782:(1532–1623), author of
2772:(1504–1560), author of
2742:(1467–1583), author of
2720:in the Hindavi dialect.
2696:(1148–1191), author of
2518:Bhartendu Harishchandra
2457:Hindi travel literature
2400:Ras, Chhand and Alankar
2310:Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
1785:region in South India,
1734:Second Battle of Tarain
1706:during the invasion of
119:more precise citations.
4789:Literature by language
4692:Hindi-Urdu controversy
4452:World Hindi Conference
4424:National organizations
4403:Hindi–Urdu controversy
4031:Amaresh Datta (2006).
3680:, Anthem Press, 2004,
3518:Hindustani orthography
3436:Purushottam Das Tandon
3164:Phanishwar Nath 'Renu'
3048:in Hindi for his work
2944:Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
2922:Bharatendu Granthavali
2812:(devotional) movement.
2736:(devotional) movement.
2567:Jagdish Chandra Mathur
2556:did in the 1950s–90s,
2433:Vyangya (Hindi Satire)
2235:Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
2211:
2008:who was a minister to
1698:, the famous ruler of
653:Hindustani orthography
633:Hindi–Urdu controversy
4478:Sahitya Akademi Award
4415:Punjabi Suba movement
3999:Dr. Nagendra (1988).
3618:on 25 September 2006.
3590:Introduction to Hindi
3537:Narayan Ram Acharya.
3514:with a literary focus
3229:Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda
3154:Nalin Vilochan Sharma
3126:Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
3046:Sahitya Akademi Award
2758:Malik Muhammad Jayasi
2679:List of Hindi authors
2390:Hindi Kavita (Poetry)
2374:Nalin Vilochan Sharma
2340:poets, also known as
2330:(Experimentalism) of
2304:, are the four major
2198:
2190:Rani Ketaki ki kahani
2087:(Moral policies) and
1857:Malik Muhammad Jayasi
1613:Literature portal
1582:Literature by country
926:History of literature
896:Modern Standard Hindi
758:which have different
4440:Global organizations
4346:Andaman Creole Hindi
4314:Caribbean Hindustani
4005:. Prabhat Prakashan.
3863:NavBharat Times Blog
3827:www.geeta-kavita.com
3785:on 30 September 2017
3636:. 25 September 2015.
3427:Madan Mohan Malaviya
3422:Madan Mohan Malaviya
3327:improve this article
3110:Hazariprasad Dwivedi
3042:Makhanlal Chaturvedi
3002:Maithili Sharan Gupt
2928:Devaki Nandan Khatri
2900:etc., and author of
2376:, Kesari Kumar, and
2248:Maithili Sharan Gupt
2162:Fort William College
2142:Devaki Nandan Khatri
1793:and later under the
1597:Intellectual history
930:by region or country
709:Phonological history
171:improve this article
4037:. Sahitya Akademi.
3749:Lal, Mohan (1992).
3733:on 26 October 2009.
3612:"Mystic poet Kabir"
3595:1 June 2012 at the
3097:Meri Teri Uski Baat
2822:, (The Half Story).
2621:Hindi essay-writing
2585:, who started with
2522:Satya Harishchandra
2360:and other authors.
2356:(Progressivism) of
1762:. Nathpanthis were
1722:Naishdhiya Charitra
530:Hindustani language
3975:on 7 November 2006
3859:"हिंदी को मत रोइए"
3707:. 25 December 2013
3449:Durgaprasad Mishra
3342:"Hindi literature"
3272:(1937–) author of
3248:literary movement.
3208:Andhere Band Kamre
3182:Harishankar Parsai
3080:Sumitranandan Pant
3064:Rahul Sankrityayan
3058:Pushp Ki Abhilasha
2658:western literature
2486:Rahul Sankrityayan
2462:Rahul Sankrityayan
2443:Harishankar Parsai
2302:Sumitranandan Pant
2212:
1766:who practised the
1696:Prithviraj Chauhan
1587:History of theatre
690:Linguistic history
186:"Hindi literature"
4779:Indian literature
4761:
4760:
4673:
4672:
4511:
4510:
4375:Language politics
4369:
4368:
4002:Indian Literature
3945:978-81-260-1194-0
3764:978-81-260-1221-3
3686:978-1-84331-125-6
3500:Literature portal
3468:Dharamvir Bharati
3403:
3402:
3395:
3377:
3218:Dharmavir Bharati
3016:Jaishankar Prasad
2866:Guru Gobind Singh
2846:Chhatrasal Dashak
2673:Prominent figures
2601:Dharamvir Bharati
2597:Lehron Ke Rajhans
2534:Jaishankar Prasad
2508:Hindi playwriting
2492:Travel literature
2490:"Father of Hindi
2478:Travel Literature
2451:Suryakumar Pandey
2344:(New Poetry) and
2326:(Modernism) are:
2290:Jaishankar Prasad
2203:in an 1884 book,
2184:by Sadal Mishra,
2182:Naasiketopaakhyan
2096:Devanagari script
1957:Adi Sankaracharya
1647:
1646:
1559:
1558:
1490:
1489:
1279:
1278:
1197:
1196:
1165:Poststructuralism
1132:Matter of Britain
1032:
1031:
908:Devanagari script
837:Modern literature
797:Poems of Devotion
789:Kāl (भक्ति काल) -
745:
744:
506:
505:
273:Indian literature
265:
264:
257:
247:
246:
239:
221:
145:
144:
137:
82:
39:Sindhi literature
16:(Redirected from
4801:
4604:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4515:
4398:Hindi imposition
4244:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4133:
4059:Hindi Literature
4048:
4027:
4006:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3971:. Archived from
3965:
3959:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3927:
3914:
3912:Nagendra, p. 661
3909:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:Dimitrova, p. 15
3887:
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3873:
3867:
3866:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3781:. Archived from
3775:
3769:
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3746:
3735:
3734:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3694:
3688:
3670:
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3656:
3644:
3638:
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3626:
3620:
3619:
3614:. Archived from
3608:
3602:
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3580:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3534:
3502:
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3495:
3462:Dharmvir Bharati
3398:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3335:
3311:
3303:
3292:Geetanjali Shree
3274:Rehan Par Ragghu
3212:Na Aane Wala Kal
3203:Ashadh Ka Ek Din
3052:, works include
2966:Munshi Premchand
2956:Sahitya Sandarbh
2785:Ramacharitamanas
2719:
2713:
2662:folk literatures
2634:Priya neel-kanti
2588:Ashadh Ka Ek Din
2575:Upendranath Ashk
2558:Jana Natya Manch
2146:Munshi Premchand
2031:Ritismagra Kavya
1982:Ramacharitamanas
1872:Ramacharitamanas
1738:Muhammad of Ghor
1708:Muhammad of Ghor
1693:
1690:
1664:
1661:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1592:History of ideas
1519:Ancient Egyptian
1503:
1315:
1208:
1185:Post-colonialism
1127:Matter of France
1096:
968:World literature
942:
931:
922:
847:Literally means
835:Literally means
821:Poems of Romance
748:Hindi literature
737:
730:
723:
643:Hindi literature
638:Persian and Urdu
515:
508:
498:
491:
484:
269:
260:
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126:
120:
115:this article by
106:inline citations
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74:
52:
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32:Hindu literature
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18:Hindi Literature
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4655:Aurangabad Urdu
4643:
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4055:
4053:Further reading
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3946:
3938:. p. 914.
3936:Sahitya Akademi
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3899:
3895:
3888:
3884:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3865:. 4 April 2015.
3857:
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3852:
3845:www.youtube.com
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3757:. p. 820.
3755:Sahitya Akademi
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3597:Wayback Machine
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3270:Kashinath Singh
3223:Gunaho Ka Devta
3104:Jainendra Kumar
2699:Prithviraj Raso
2689:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2623:
2526:Bharat Durdasha
2512:The pioneer of
2510:
2459:
2435:
2392:
2387:
2366:
2348:(New Story) of
2324:Adhunik Sahitya
2317:Neo-romanticism
2315:This period of
2272:
2270:Chhayavaadi Yug
2227:
2221:
2199:A depiction of
2170:J. B. Gilchrist
2154:
2106:'s treatise on
2023:
1953:Advaita Vedanta
1839:
1791:Delhi Sultanate
1691:
1680:Prithviraj Raso
1662:
1652:
1643:
1607:
1605:
929:
928:
920:
912:Urdu literature
906:written in the
801:Bhakti Movement
760:writing systems
756:Hindi languages
741:
648:Urdu literature
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341:Extinct Kannada
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4483:Jnanpith Award
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4121:External links
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4016:. Peter Lang.
4007:
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3915:
3904:
3901:Datta, p. 1075
3893:
3882:
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3832:
3814:
3809:kavitakosh.org
3796:
3770:
3763:
3736:
3718:
3689:
3674:"Introduction"
3658:
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3286:Narendra Kohli
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3264:Dushyant Kumar
3261:
3257:Kitne Pakistan
3249:
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3236:Raghuvir Sahay
3233:
3215:
3195:
3185:
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3161:
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3116:Mahadevi Varma
3113:
3107:
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3083:
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3013:
2999:
2963:
2960:Sahitya Vichar
2948:Kavya Manjusha
2941:
2925:
2911:
2905:
2891:Baital Pachisi
2883:
2880:Sujān Charitra
2873:
2870:Bichitra Natak
2863:
2849:
2835:
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2820:Ardhakathānaka
2813:
2803:
2793:
2777:
2767:
2755:
2744:Sahitya Lahari
2737:
2727:
2721:
2703:
2683:Main article:
2677:Main article:
2674:
2671:
2654:Indian culture
2646:Nishad Bansuri
2626:Kuber Nath Rai
2622:
2619:
2611:Surendra Verma
2509:
2506:
2482:Yatra Vritanta
2458:
2455:
2434:
2431:
2412:kavi sammelans
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2365:
2362:
2298:Mahadevi Varma
2271:
2268:
2266:social types.
2252:Bharat-bharati
2226:
2223:
2153:
2150:
2022:
2019:
1955:philosophy of
1926:Shringara rasa
1882:Vinaya Patrika
1838:
1835:
1654:Literature of
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1564:Related topics
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1395:
1390:
1388:Ancient Meitei
1382:
1381:
1377:
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1374:
1369:
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1233:Latin American
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1216:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
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1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:Deconstruction
1167:
1162:
1154:
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1149:
1148:
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1141:
1136:
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1129:
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1122:Matter of Rome
1117:Early Medieval
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1085:
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1037:Middle Eastern
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953:Literary terms
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936:General topics
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328:Early Medieval
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289:Ancient Meitei
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159:
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142:
97:
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4614:Standard Urdu
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4356:Haflong Hindi
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4211:Kinship terms
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4138:
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4125:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:0-909879-13-3
4104:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4093:3-447-01607-8
4090:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4079:3-447-02413-5
4076:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4044:81-260-1194-7
4040:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4023:0-8204-6822-3
4019:
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3806:
3805:"Kavita Kosh"
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3428:
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3412:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3394:
3386:
3383:February 2011
3375:
3372:
3368:
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3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344: –
3343:
3339:
3338:Find sources:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3316:This article
3314:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:Kashi Ka Assi
3275:
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3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3250:
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3171:
3170:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3138:Bhisham Sahni
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
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3084:
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3055:
3051:
3050:Him Taringini
3047:
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3017:
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2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:Andher Nagari
2915:
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2821:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:Vinay Patrika
2787:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:Mira Padavali
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2759:
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2618:
2616:
2615:Bhisham Sahni
2612:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2562:Safdar Hashmi
2559:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2530:Andher Nagari
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:Hindi theatre
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:Baba Nagarjun
2495:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:Baba Nagarjun
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:Sri Lal Sukla
2444:
2440:
2432:
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2205:Indrajalakala
2202:
2197:
2193:
2191:
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2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2156:In 1800, the
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2140:, written by
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:Nāgarī script
2125:
2124:Pariksha guru
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:Nāgarī script
2097:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2071:Bihari Satsai
2068:
2067:Ghananand Das
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
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1996:
1992:
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1984:
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1812:Nishatul Ishq
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1753:Buddhist sect
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1547:South African
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1458:Modern Meitei
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1180:Postmodernism
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892:Chhattisgarhi
889:
886:, as well as
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749:
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704:Kinship terms
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188: –
187:
183:
182:Find sources:
176:
172:
166:
165:
160:This article
158:
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46:
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33:
19:
4660:British Urdu
4488:Hindi cinema
4467:
4351:Bombay Hindi
4112:
4098:
4084:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4033:
4012:
4001:
3992:Bibliography
3977:. Retrieved
3973:the original
3963:
3954:
3931:
3907:
3896:
3885:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3844:
3835:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3783:the original
3773:
3750:
3731:the original
3721:
3711:19 September
3709:. Retrieved
3701:
3692:
3677:
3652:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3616:the original
3606:
3585:
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3409:
3405:
3404:
3389:
3380:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3337:
3325:Please help
3320:verification
3317:
3277:
3273:
3255:
3245:
3242:Nirmal Verma
3227:
3221:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:Mohan Rakesh
3191:
3188:Naresh Mehta
3173:
3169:Maila Anchal
3167:
3157:
3141:
3119:
3095:
3089:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3035:
3032:Dhruvswamini
3031:
3025:
3019:
3009:
3005:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2933:Chandrakanta
2931:
2921:
2917:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2860:Vrind Satsai
2859:
2855:
2845:
2841:
2829:
2819:
2799:
2789:
2783:
2773:
2761:
2751:
2748:Sur Saravali
2747:
2743:
2697:
2694:Chand Bardai
2688:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2638:Ras Aakhetak
2637:
2633:
2630:Gandha Madan
2629:
2624:
2604:
2603:, who wrote
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:Mohan Rakesh
2578:
2570:
2554:Habib Tanvir
2550:
2546:Dhruvswamini
2545:
2542:Chandragupta
2541:
2538:Skanda Gupta
2537:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2489:
2481:
2460:
2436:
2420:
2408:Hasya Kavita
2407:
2393:
2378:Naresh Mehta
2369:
2367:
2353:
2350:Nirmal Verma
2345:
2341:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2314:
2308:poets. Poet
2305:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2160:established
2155:
2138:Chandrakanta
2136:
2108:Ain-i-Akbari
2093:
2088:
2084:
2083:(devotion),
2078:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2003:
1990:
1987:Sur Saravali
1986:
1980:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1890:
1880:
1870:
1860:
1847:
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1811:
1806:
1780:
1775:
1742:
1721:
1712:
1685:Chand Bardai
1678:
1655:
1653:
1432:
948:Basic topics
865:
848:
844:
843:
836:
832:
831:
820:
816:
815:
796:
792:
790:
779:
775:
747:
746:
642:
409:
314:Tamil Sangam
266:
251:
233:
224:
214:
207:
200:
193:
181:
169:Please help
164:verification
161:
131:
122:
103:
75:
68:
62:
61:Please help
58:
4718:Informatics
3091:Jhutha Sach
3036:Skandagupta
3021:Chhayavaadi
2977:Karmabhoomi
2842:Shivabavani
2816:Banarasidas
2766:(1540) etc.
2706:Amir Khusro
2650:Parna mukut
2593:Adhe Adhure
2544:(1931) and
2528:(1876) and
2346:Nayi Kahani
2342:Nayi Kavita
2306:Chhayavaadi
2286:Chhayavaadi
2231:Dwivedi Yug
2225:Dwivedi Yug
2120:Hitopadesha
1967:poets like
1932:(Heroism).
1853:Braj Bhasha
1714:Jayachandra
1692: 1200
1534:Sub-Saharan
1299:New Zealand
1144:Renaissance
768:Prosimetrum
117:introducing
4768:Categories
4713:Literature
4665:Roman Urdu
4629:Hyderabadi
4581:Vocabulary
4556:Hindustani
4468:Literature
4324:Fiji Hindi
4286:Sansi Boli
4271:Hindustani
4231:Hindustani
4201:Devanagari
4179:Declension
3969:"1-8-1999"
3524:References
3353:newspapers
3252:Kamleshwar
3246:Nai Kahani
3120:Chhayavaad
3074:Chhayavaad
3054:Yug Charan
3010:Yashodhara
2989:Mansarovar
2902:Prem Sagar
2897:Shakuntala
2856:Nitisatsai
2800:Rasikpriya
2642:Vishad Yog
2423:Kavitakosh
2416:Bal kavita
2354:Pragativad
2337:Tar Saptak
2277:Chhayavaad
2174:Prem Sagar
2132:Bhagyawati
1993:extolling
1949:Guru Nanak
1895:Sadhukaddi
1823:Gorakhnath
1768:Hatha yoga
1751:, a later
1468:Rajasthani
1372:Vietnamese
1362:Philippine
1294:Australian
1190:Hypertexts
1055:Babylonian
904:Hindustani
764:Apabhraṃśa
699:Vocabulary
676:Declension
594:Judeo-Urdu
589:Hyderabadi
460:Rajasthani
197:newspapers
100:references
64:improve it
4600:Varieties
4576:Phonology
4240:Varieties
4226:Etymology
4196:Phonology
3979:8 January
3789:2 October
3653:Scroll.in
3634:Scroll.in
3194:movement.
3160:movement.
3122:movement.
3076:movement.
2938:Bhootnath
2908:Ganga Das
2886:Lallu Lal
2796:Keshavdas
2752:Sur Sagar
2724:Vidyapati
2606:Andha Yug
2579:Anjo Didi
2406:, etc.).
2398:based on
2328:Prayogvad
2282:shadowism
2256:Bharatgit
2243:Saraswati
2216:Premchand
2186:Sukhsagar
2178:Lallu Lal
2116:Lallu Lal
2104:Heera Lal
2102:were one
2027:Ritikavya
1991:Sur Sagar
1977:Vaishnava
1965:Vaishnava
1891:Sur Sagar
1827:Vidyapati
1799:Hyderabad
1749:Vajrayana
1448:Malayalam
1413:Pakistani
1349:Southeast
1341:Mongolian
1257:Colombian
1247:Brazilian
1242:Argentine
1175:Modernism
958:Criticism
868:Khariboli
347:Malayalam
227:July 2020
125:July 2020
70:talk page
4679:Politics
4624:Dhakaiya
4607:Dialects
4586:Nastaliq
4566:Alphabet
4361:Hinglish
4276:Kannauji
4266:Haryanvi
4206:Numerals
4184:Pronouns
3593:Archived
3486:See also
3192:Nakenwad
3158:Nakenwad
3132:Nagarjun
3027:Kamayani
2780:Tulsidas
2763:Padmavat
2591:(1958),
2548:(1933).
2540:(1928),
2524:(1875),
2370:Nakenwad
2364:Nakenwad
2334:and the
2166:Calcutta
2091:(love).
2089:Shringar
2047:Shringar
2012:emperor
1973:Tulsidas
1930:Vir Rasa
1928:(love),
1918:Vir Rasa
1910:Chaupaya
1877:Tulsidas
1867:Tulsidas
1862:Padmavat
1831:Maithili
1819:Ramanand
1787:Dakkhini
1718:Sanskrit
1687:(1149 –
1542:Nigerian
1526:Moroccan
1514:Egyptian
1443:Kashmiri
1428:Gujarati
1418:Assamese
1403:Sanskrit
1331:Japanese
1285:Oceanian
1272:Peruvian
1224:Jamaican
1219:Canadian
1214:American
1139:Medieval
1102:Armenian
1089:European
1050:Sumerian
900:register
884:Kannauji
671:Numerals
583:Hinglish
578:Dhakaiya
522:a series
520:Part of
430:Maithili
420:Kokborok
415:Kashmiri
405:Gujarati
395:Bhojpuri
375:Assamese
304:Sanskrit
4738:Writers
4619:Dakhini
4591:Braille
4571:Grammar
4561:History
4498:Writers
4338:Creoles
4334:Pidgins
4309:Bagheli
4296:Eastern
4281:Kauravi
4261:Bundeli
4248:Western
4221:History
4216:Braille
4174:Grammar
3367:scholar
3148:Madhavi
3086:Yashpal
2952:Sugandh
2838:Bhushan
2831:Satasai
2806:Raskhan
2770:Mirabai
2711:pahelis
2439:Vyangya
2126:in the
2055:Krishna
2040:Krishna
2025:In the
1999:Krishna
1937:Nirguna
1833:works.
1807:Hindavi
1803:Persian
1781:In the
1770:. Some
1760:Prakrit
1757:Magadhi
1667:Kannauj
1656:Adi kal
1552:Swahili
1496:African
1453:Marathi
1438:Kannada
1423:Bengali
1357:Burmese
1326:Chinese
1267:Mexican
1252:Chilean
1080:Israeli
1070:Persian
1065:Pahlavi
1045:Ancient
1025:Authors
1004:Romance
918:History
888:Marwari
876:Bundeli
799:due to
662:Grammar
624:History
600:Kauravi
573:Deccani
557:Andaman
455:Punjabi
435:Marathi
425:Konkani
400:English
385:Bengali
337:Kannada
299:Prakrit
280:Ancient
211:scholar
113:improve
4728:Poetry
4723:Cinema
4708:Awards
4639:Urdish
4634:Rekhta
4473:Awards
4304:Awadhi
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4091:
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4041:
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3100:, etc.
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3038:, etc.
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2998:, etc.
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2962:, etc.
2940:, etc.
2904:, etc.
2826:Bihari
2810:bhakti
2740:Surdas
2734:bhakti
2717:mukris
2613:, and
2573:) and
2571:Konark
2520:wrote
2427:Kavita
2396:Kavita
2332:Ajneya
2209:Meerut
2080:Bhakti
2075:Bihari
2065:, and
2063:Bihari
2043:Bhakti
2010:Mughal
1969:Surdas
1961:Saguna
1941:Saguna
1906:Sortha
1887:Surdas
1849:Awadhi
1843:Bhakti
1795:Nizams
1783:Deccan
1745:Siddha
1726:Mahoba
1473:Sindhi
1463:Nepali
1408:Indian
1393:Telugu
1336:Korean
1152:Modern
1075:Arabic
1060:Hebrew
994:Poetry
963:Theory
890:, and
880:Awadhi
787:Bhakti
610:Urdish
605:Rekhta
567:Bombay
562:Bihari
524:on the
465:Sindhi
450:Nepali
440:Meitei
380:Awadhi
357:Telugu
213:
206:
199:
192:
184:
102:, but
4774:Hindi
4743:Poets
4733:Music
4648:Forms
4503:Poets
4493:Music
4189:Verbs
4163:Hindi
3510:, an
3374:JSTOR
3360:books
3143:Tamas
3006:Saket
2995:Idgah
2983:Gaban
2876:Sūdan
2852:Vrind
2730:Kabir
2667:Hindi
2453:etc.
2404:Hāsya
2201:Surya
2112:Kabir
2085:Neeti
2059:Radha
2035:Hindi
2014:Akbar
1945:Kabir
1924:from
1922:rasas
1914:Rasas
1899:Kabir
1776:Rasau
1764:yogis
1743:Some
1730:Ajmer
1704:Ajmer
1700:Delhi
1675:Ajmer
1671:Delhi
1506:North
1433:Hindi
1398:Tamil
1380:South
1308:Asian
1262:Cuban
1112:Latin
1107:Greek
1020:Books
1012:Lists
999:Prose
989:Novel
976:Types
752:Hindi
681:Verbs
539:Hindi
410:Hindi
309:Tamil
218:JSTOR
204:books
4701:Arts
4545:Urdu
4461:Arts
4336:and
4256:Braj
4103:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4075:ISBN
4039:ISBN
4018:ISBN
3981:2009
3940:ISBN
3791:2016
3759:ISBN
3713:2014
3682:ISBN
3346:news
2882:etc.
2872:etc.
2862:etc.
2848:etc.
2802:etc.
2792:etc.
2776:etc.
2754:etc.
2714:and
2656:and
2595:and
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2472:and
2425:and
2300:and
2229:The
2057:and
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1997:and
1995:Rama
1947:and
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1821:and
1774:and
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1702:and
1478:Urdu
1367:Thai
1318:East
984:Epic
898:, a
872:Braj
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470:Urdu
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390:Braj
352:Odia
294:Pali
190:news
3329:by
2560:of
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