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pupils in Rome and abroad (e.g. Mattei, Villardita, Marescalchi, De Greszy, Terracusa), through publication of papers and books on rapier fencing, attention was also paid to the influences of 16th century's masters active in Rome, such as
Agrippa, Cavalcabò, Paternoster, or of the early 17th like D'Alessandri. Within Accademia Romana d'Armi historical research has continuously been carried out also on Fiore de' Liberi's longsword system, publishing the first Italian analysis and transcription of MS. Par. Lat. 11269, Radaelli's military saber and MS. I.33 sword and buckler, and more recently on Liechtenauer's tradition of fencing.
926:
102:
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Italian traditions are also investigated by
Accademia Romana d'Armi, through the studies of Francesco LodĂ on Spetioli (Marche) and Pagano (Neaples). Italian rapier instructors Tom Leoni (US) and Piermarco Terminiello (UK) have published annotated English translations of some of the most important rapier treatises of the 17th century, making this fencing style available to a worldwide audience. Leoni has also authored English translations of all of Fiore de' Liberi's Italian-language manuscripts, as well as Manciolino's
45:
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1749:(ARMA), then known as the "Historical Armed Combat Association" (HACA), hosted the Inaugural Swordplay Symposium International conference bringing together many of the then leading researchers from the US, Europe and Australia. Since 2003, ARMA has held the ARMA International Gathering every two to three years. The Fiore-oriented Schola Saint George has hosted a Medieval Swordsmanship Symposium annually in the United States since 2001.
1918:
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event was won by Paul Wagner of Sydney, also the current holder of the
Glorianna Cup, the broadsword championship of Britain. Lewis Hand of Hobart, Australia won the junior title. In the tradition of the 19th century title, the championship is held in the home town of the current Champion. As such the next championship will be held in Sydney in early 2017.
3167:
1543:, to simulate early medieval warfare, and adapted sport Rapier fencing, to reenact later renaissance styles, the SCA regularly holds large re-creation scenarios throughout the world. Their styles have been criticized by other groups as lacking historical authenticity, although a number of members of the group regularly engage in scholarship.
756:, who described a variation of the eclectic knightly arts of the previous century. From sword and buckler to sword and dagger, sword alone to two-handed sword, from polearms to wrestling (though absent in Manciolino), early 16th-century Italian fencing reflected the versatility that a martial artist of the time was supposed to have achieved.
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coalition of
Italian HEMA clubs. Civilian weapons include single sword, sword and cape, sword and dagger, and sword and Brocchiero (Buckler). The military weapons are the two-handed sword, spear, shield and spear, sword and targe, and sword and rotella. The civil weapons championship is one of the largest HEMA tournaments in the world.
478:
1503:. Despite this revival and the interest that was received in late Victorian England, the practice died out soon after the death of Hutton in 1910. Interest in the physical application of historical fencing techniques remained largely dormant during the first half of the 20th century, due to a number of factors.
1610:. These groups attempt to reconstruct historical European martial arts using various training methods. Although the focus generally is on the martial arts of Medieval and Renaissance masters, 19th and early 20th century martial arts teachers are also studied and their systems are reconstructed, including
1756:
Since 2002, Royal Arts
Fencing Academy and the Rose & Gold foundation have hosted Ascalon Sword Festival, one of the largest HEMA tournaments in the United States. The event covers Olympic fencing, as well as the HEMA disciplines of longsword, rapier and dagger, military saber, and Harnisfechten.
1728:
Early publications also included books by Terry Brown, John
Clements, David M. Cvet (self-published in 2001). In 2003, Stephen Hand edited a collection of scholarly papers titled SPADA, followed by a second volume in 2005. Since the mid-2000s, the rate of publication of HEMA related texts has greatly
1420:
After returning home from India in 1865, Hutton focused on the study and revival of older fencing systems and schools. He began tutoring groups of students in the art of 'ancient swordplay' at a club attached to the London Rifle
Brigade School of Arms in the 1880s. In 1889, Hutton published his most
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The annual
Australian Historical Swordplay Convention, primarily a teaching event was hosted and attended by diverse Australian groups from 1999 to 2006. It was held in Brisbane in 1999 and 2006, Sydney in 2000 and 2004, Canberra in 2001 and 2005, the Gold Coast in 2003 and Melbourne in 2004. Since
1778:, hosted by The Academy of European Swordsmanship (The AES). It is Canada's first interprovincial tournament, and currently largest Canadian tournament, and has participants from all over Western Canada. The event also includes a full day workshop that features international and local instructors.
1820:
In 2015, Australia's
Stoccata School of Defence hosted a revival of the World Broadsword Championship in Sydney, Australia. This event, held throughout the late 19th century in England, the United States and Australia was last won by Parker in Sydney in 1891. Parker was never challenged. The 2015
1642:
Research into the rapier style of the innovative Roman, Neapolitan and
Sicilian School of Fencing in Italy's 16th and 17th century was pioneered by M° Francesco Lodà , PhD, founder of Accademia Romana d'Armi in Rome, Italy. While research focused on the Marcelli family of fencing masters and their
1506:
Similar work, although more academic than practical in nature, occurred in other European countries. In Germany, Karl Wassmannsdorf conducted research on the German school and Gustav Hergsell reprinted three of Hans Talhoffer's manuals. In France, there was the work of the Academie D'Armes circa
1737:
Since 1998, Sala d'Arme Achille Marozzo has organized an annual championship in Italy. Due to the excessive number of participants, in 2011 this competitive event was split in two separate events: military weapons (in autumn) and civil weapons (in spring), extending the organization in a larger
1657:
Italian traditions are mainly investigated in Italy by Sala d'Arme Achille Marozzo, where you can find studies dedicated to the Bolognese tradition, to the Italian medieval tradition by Luca Cesari and Marco Rubboli, and to the Florentine tradition by Alessandro Battistini. Central and Southern
1905:
In 2012, Ruth GarcĂa Navarro and Mariana LĂłpez RodrĂguez started Esfinges, an umbrella affinity group for women in or interested in HEMA. The goal of Esfinges is to encourage more participation of underrepresented genders in HEMA, and to support those already practicing the discipline.
1808:
Since 2012, the annual event SoCal Sword Fight has been hosted in Southern California. The event includes tournaments and classes in a variety of historical weapons, including some non-european weapons. In February 2023, the event had 329 registered fighters and over 500 participants.
734:
In Germany, fencing had developed sportive tendencies during the 16th century. The treatises of Paulus Hector Mair and Joachim Meyer derived from the teachings of the earlier centuries within the Liechtenauer tradition, but with new and distinctive characteristics. The printed
225:, can be traced back hundreds, even thousands of years, to the sword techniques of the Celts, gaining prominence in the 17th and 18th centuries, as a result of the British occupation of Ireland, thus falling into the category of Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA).
1804:
Since 2011, a biannual event called the Vancouver International Swordplay Symposium, has been held in Vancouver, Canada. Hosted by Academie Duello, this event has brought instructors, authors and researchers from around the world for workshops, lectures and seminars.
1219:
remained common among members of the aristocratic classes, they became increasingly frowned upon in society during the course of the century, and such duels as were fought to the death were increasingly fought with pistols, instead of bladed weapons.
1812:
Since 2013, an annual event, Fechtschule Edinburgh, an event focusing on 16th century Fencing has been hosted in Edinburgh, UK, by the Stork's Beak: School of Historical Swordplay. This Event has attracted many practitioners from around the world.
1837:
Another type of event that is becoming more common is the sparring camp/fight camp. These events are often more casual than tournaments, with events and competitions not typical of more formal tournaments, and an emphasis on classes and sparring.
1902:, a US-based martial arts federation dedicated to developing and sharing the Historical European Martial Arts and assisting HEMA schools and instructors with such things as instructor certification, insurance, and equipment development.
474:(recital) remains one of the most famous — if cryptic — pieces of European martial arts scholarship to this day, with several translations and interpretations of the poem being put into practice by fencers and scholars around the world.
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in French in 1763. It was extremely successful and became a standard fencing manual over the following 50 years, throughout the Napoleonic period. Angelo's text was so influential that it was chosen to be included under the heading of
1546:
A number of researchers, principally academics with access to some of the sources, continued exploring the field of historical European martial arts from a largely academic perspective. In 1972, James Jackson published a book called
1878:
establish a network of individuals and groups devoted to HEMA; foster close friendships and a sense of community among members; organise at least one annual HEMAC event. Since 2002, HEMAC has organized the annual
763:
was the first to define the prima, seconda, terza, and quarta guards (or hand-positions), which would remain the mainstay of Italian fencing into the next century and beyond. From the late 16th century, Italian
1585:
began making photocopies of historical treatises available to interested parties, greatly spurring on research. In 1994, with the rise of the Hammerterz Forum, a publication devoted entirely to the history of
1816:
Since 2014, the Purpleheart Armoury Open has been held in Houston, TX. Formerly Fechtshule America, the Purpleheart Armoury Open is one of the largest and fastest growing HEMA competitions in North America.
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of these systems during the 1890s, both in order to benefit various military charities and to encourage patronage of the contemporary methods of competitive fencing. Exhibitions were held at the
1273:
Some existing forms of European stick fighting can be traced to direct teacher-student lineages from the 19th century. Notable examples include the methods of Scottish and British Armed Services
910:
also moves away from its Italian roots, developing its own terminology, rules and systems of teaching. French masters of the Baroque period include Le Perche du Coudray (1635, 1676, teacher of
948:
of 1606 exerted great influence not only in Italy, but also in Germany, where it all but extinguished the native German traditions of fencing. Fabris was followed by Italian masters such as
1602:
Contemporary HEMA gear is often closer in resemblance to sport fencing gear than more traditional armor, but with more coverage and a higher impact rating than standard sport fencing gear.
1771:, hosted by the Gothenburg Historical Fencing School (GHFS). It is currently one of the biggest HEMA tournaments in the world and is generally considered to be the "world cup of HEMA".
1069:
Throughout the course of the 18th century, the French school became the western European standard to the extent that Angelo, an Italian-born master teaching in England, published his
1860:
reconstruct historical martial arts from primary sources; refine interpretations into viable, effective martial arts; test martial skills in a variety of competitive environments
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fell from favour among the upper classes, being now seen as unrefined and rustic. The fencing styles practice also needed to conform to the new ideals of elegance and harmony.
1539:, and has hosted numerous tournaments in which participants compete in simulated medieval and renaissance fighting styles using padded weapons. Dividing their focus between
2799:
2523:
240:, may also be included in the term HEMA in a wider sense, as may traditional or folkloristic styles attested in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including forms of
2152:
1646:
Research into Italian sword forms and their influence on the French styles of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries has been undertaken by Rob Runacres of
683:
covering grappling, dagger, arming sword, longsword, pole-weapons, armoured combat, and mounted combat. The Italian school is continued by Filippo Vadi (1482–1487) and
468:(German 'fencing-books') were produced, of which some several hundred are extant; a great many of these describe methods descended from Liechtenauer's. Liechtenauer's
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and scientific principles, contrasting with the traditional "vulgar" approach to fencing inherited from the medieval period. Significant masters of Destreza included
996:
The French school of fencing originated in the 16th century, which is based on the Italian school, and developed into its classical form during the Baroque period.
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The martial traditions of the Netherlands are researched by Reinier van Noort, who additionally focuses on German and French martial sources of the 17th century.
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1937:
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During the mid-20th century, a small number of professional fight directors for theatre, film and television – notably including Arthur Wise. William Hobbs and
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on one-handed fencing and applications that retain military significance on the other. In the latter category are the methods of close-quarter combat with the
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throughout most of Europe, although treatments of the former continued to be included by authors such as Donald McBane (1728), P. J. F. Girard (1736) and
2299:
1394:
Attempts at reconstructing the discontinued traditions of European systems of combat began in the late 19th century, with a revival of interest from the
759:
Towards the mid-16th century, however, polearms and companion weapons besides the dagger and the cape gradually began to fade out of treatises. In 1553,
1781:
Since 2010, The annual Pacific Northwest HEMA Gathering has been hosted by multiple schools and clubs in the Pacific Northwest. The tournament includes
1342:) was employed by some Portuguese, French, and Italian military academies as a method of exercise, recreation, and as preparation for bayonet training.
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swordplay texts exist, but are all very obscure and from uncertain dates; they are generally thought to belong to the latter half of the 15th century.
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731:(in the 1570s). The extent of Mair's writing is unmatched by any other German master, and is considered invaluable by contemporary scholars.
259:) is sometimes used in the United States and in a wider sense including modern and traditional disciplines. During the Late Middle Ages, the
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is most notably represented by the work of Jens Peter Kleinau and Martin Enzi. Dierk Hagedorn has also published significant translations.
1830:
have become more common, with Jousters travelling Internationally to compete. These include a number organised by an expert in the Joust,
66:
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https://fightcampevents.com/hema/#:~:text=Historical%20European%20Martial%20Arts%20involve,unearthed%20old%20manuscripts%20and%20manuals
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Since the 1980s and 1990s, historical European martial arts communities have emerged in Europe, North America, Australia, and the wider
457:
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Angelo, Domenico, The School of Fencing: With a General Explanation of the Principal Attitudes and Positions Peculiar to the Art, eds.
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3805:, International Fencing Guild with a mission to educate people on the efficacy and art of Medieval & Renaissance martial arts.
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of European origin, particularly using arts formerly practised, but having since died out or evolved into very different forms.
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In 2001, the Historical European Martial Arts Coalition (HEMAC) was created to act as an umbrella organization for groups in
1793:, and one rotating weapon which is changed every year. The location of the event changes every year, and has been located at
1722:
1564:
1021:
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The Codex Wallerstein: A Medieval Fighting Book from the Fifteenth Century on the Longsword, Falchion, Dagger, and Wrestling
1590:. During the late 1990s, translations and interpretations of historical sources began appearing in print as well as online.
454:. Though no manuscript written by him is known to have survived, his teachings were first recorded in the late 14th-century
101:
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locate, transcribe, translate primary sources; have a better understanding of the socio-historical context of the arts
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911:
623:, all of whom taught the teachings of Liechtenauer. From the late 15th century, there were "brotherhoods" of fencers (
59:
53:
3829:, the world's largest library of historical European martial arts treatises, currently complete up to the late 1500s
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In 1998, the British Federation for Historical Swordplay was established as an umbrella organisation for UK groups.
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In 2003, the Australian Historical Swordplay Federation became the umbrella organization for groups in Australia.
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emerged as a popular sport in England and Ireland. The foremost pioneers of the sport of boxing were Englishmen
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1563:. In 1965, Martin Wierschin published a bibliography of German fencing manuals, along with a transcription of
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In Italy, the 16th century was a period of big change. It opened with the two treatises of Bolognese masters
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402:, Viking swordsmanship and gladiatorial combat by reference to these sources and practical experimentation.
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1425:, which presented the historical method of military sabre use on foot, combining the 18th century English
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1578:, all of them British – studied historical combat treatises as inspiration for their fight choreography.
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Swordplay: an anonymous illustrated Dutch treatise for fencing with rapier, sword and polearms from 1595
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Knightly Arts of Combat - Sigmund Ringeck's Sword and Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor
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On-line historical and literary magazine for Russian speaking and partly for English speaking readers.
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3823:, an online repository of articles and other resources on historical European martial arts and sports
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In 2010, several dozen HEMA schools and clubs from around the world united under the umbrella of the
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In the 18th century, during the late Baroque and Rococo period, the French style of fencing with the
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Official website of HEMA ITALIA - Societas Artis Gladii - Information Point of Italian Martial Arts
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of some of these arts arose from the 1890s and have been practiced systematically since the 1990s.
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Renaissance Swordsmanship: The Illustrated Book of Rapiers and Cut-and-Thrust Swords and Their Use
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and a glossary of terms. In turn, this led to the publication of Hans-Peter Hils' seminal work on
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Medieval Fantasy as Performance: The Society for Creative Anachronism and the Current Middle Ages
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675:. Between 1407 and 1410, he documented comprehensive fighting techniques in a treatise entitled
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promote and publicise HEMA; dispel misconceptions & stereotypes; educate the general public
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Other fencing traditions are represented in the scholarship of Stephen Hand and Paul Wagner of
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In the Service of Mars: Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop 1999–2009, Volume I
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In the Service of Mars: Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop 1999–2009, Volume I
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1270:(an early hybrid of Eastern and Western schools popularized at the turn of the 20th century).
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1519:. Baron Leguina's bibliography of Spanish swordsmanship is still a standard reference today.
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Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts: Rediscovering The Western Combat Heritage
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It was originally part of the larger Arnold Sports Festival as the Arnold Fencing Classic.
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the Cameron Fencing Club, for which he prepared his first work, a 12-page booklet entitled
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and Mouatt Biggs giving a demonstration of "Old English sword-and-buckler play" before the
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1666:. Ken Mondschein, one of the few professional academics working in this field, translated
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Apart from the many styles of fencing, European combat sports of the 19th century include
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1698:'s Stoccata School of Defence, focusing on a range of systems, ranging from the works of
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Since 2006, a Swedish annual event called Swordfish has been taking place every year in
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included reconstructions of the fencing systems of several historical masters including
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fencing attained considerable popularity all over Europe, notably with the treatise by
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Normally, several modes of combat were taught alongside one another, typically unarmed
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1398:. The movement was led in England by the soldier, writer, antiquarian, and swordsman,
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2032:. Oxford Classical Texts. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 6 May 2004.
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Since 2006, a Canadian event called Nordschlag has been taking place annually in
394:). Some researchers have attempted to reconstruct older fighting methods such as
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A Chronological History of the Martial arts and Combative Sports 1350–1699
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30:"Historical fencing" redirects here. For the history of fencing in general, see
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to the surviving evidence for how large shields were used, rapier according to
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5654:
5589:
5584:
5544:
5539:
5482:
5464:
5266:
5178:
5146:
5104:
5094:
5056:
4931:
4896:
4886:
4786:
4745:
4723:
4576:
4514:
4295:
4178:
4025:
3940:
3389:
English Swordsmanship: The True Fight of George Silver, Vol. 1: Single Sword
2059:(by Alphonse Lhotsky) and the early-to-mid-14th century (by R. Leng, of the
1782:
1695:
1468:
1453:
1426:
1205:
1124:
915:
873:
551:
489:
481:
425:
307:
260:
168:
110:
4731:
2584:
2498:
2074:
1760:
Since 2004, FightCamp has been running and it is organized by London-based
3755:
The Swordsman's Companion: A Modern Training Manual for Medieval Longsword
477:
446:
The central figure of late medieval martial arts, at least in Germany, is
375:
epics) record specific martial deeds and military knowledge; in addition,
5208:
5136:
5084:
4856:
4766:
4713:
4675:
4663:
4539:
4199:
4105:
3956:
3741:
Medieval Sword and Shield: The Combat System of Royal Armouries MS. I.33.
1982:
1824:
1615:
1472:
1353:
was a discipline at the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. Inclusion of
1280:
1267:
1257:
1043:
By 1715, the rapier had been largely replaced by the lighter and handier
641:
237:
196:
3274:
Butera, Matteo, Francesco Lanza, Jherek Swanger, and Reinier van Noort.
3009:"An Interview with Arne Koets, jouster" The Jousting Life, December 2014
2760:"2014 – VI° Torneo Nazionale di Scherma Antica UISP – Discipline Civili"
2239:
1753:
2009, Swordplay, a tournament event has been run each year in Brisbane.
1208:
such as Cumberland and Westmorland Wrestling, Lancashire Wrestling, and
109:
shows the typical arms of 15th-century individual combat, including the
5684:
5639:
5574:
5524:
5251:
5236:
5231:
5131:
5089:
4991:
4946:
4891:
4751:
4708:
4658:
4036:
1952:
1647:
1193:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1158:
1104:
879:
This ideology was taken to great lengths in Spain in particular, where
672:
547:
435:
134:
126:
3799:, a peer-reviewed journal of historical European martial arts research
159:
While there is limited surviving documentation of the martial arts of
5694:
5679:
5649:
5634:
5602:
5579:
5564:
5534:
5519:
5492:
5198:
4974:
4926:
4876:
4851:
4243:
4211:
4090:
4047:
3117:
2127:"The Liechtenauer tradition and the German school of fencing in HEMA"
2002:
1888:
1850:
1619:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1154:
1153:
In the 19th century, Western martial arts became divided into modern
1116:
1112:
960:(1640), Francesco Antonio Marcelli (1686) and Bondi' di Mazo (1696).
765:
539:
507:
130:
2824:
1448:. He delivered numerous practical demonstrations with his colleague
3437:
A Gentleman's Guide to Duelling: Of Honour and Honourable Quarrels.
2079:. Helen Hagedorn, Henri Hagedorn, Tobias Capwell. South Yorkshire.
215:
schools of fencing in the modern period (17th and 18th centuries).
5327:
5079:
4871:
4846:
4275:
4147:
3847:
3826:
2473:
1884:
1790:
1597:
1462:
1430:
1364:
1166:
1162:
924:
527:
476:
431:
322:
306:
138:
3361:
SPADA: An Anthology of Swordsmanship in Memory of Ewart Oakeshott
2735:"Sala d'Arme Achille Marozzo - Associazione culturale e sportiva"
1721:
Christian Henry Tobler is one of the earliest researchers on the
1487:, Captain Carl Thimm, Colonel Cyril Matthey, Captain Percy Rolt,
1471:" which included demonstrations in "swordsmanship, swimming, and
1215:
Fencing in the 19th century transformed into a pure sport. While
337:
between the fourth and fifth centuries. There are no other known
187:
on the period of the half-millennium of ca. 1300 to 1800, with a
5689:
5644:
5569:
5529:
4781:
4741:
4683:
4626:
4554:
3973:
3789:
1216:
334:
263:
had a position of honour among these disciplines, and sometimes
171:
combat), most of the surviving dedicated technical treatises or
5348:
4409:
4338:
4334:
3856:
2992:
2734:
1149:
Transition to modern sports fencing: sabre fencing around 1900.
3347:
The History of Fencing: Foundations of Modern European Fencing
3160:
1181:
is another European weapon that is still used in the sport of
38:
3837:
3095:
2076:
Renaissance combat : Jörg Wilhalm's fightbook, 1522-1523
1729:
increased. A list of current publications is included below.
1345:
A third category might be traditional "folk styles", mostly
1324:
In the 19th century and early 20th century, the greatstick (
1040:), originated as a training weapon for small sword fencing.
938:
In the 17th century, Italian swordsmanship was dominated by
4966:
2917:
2800:"Arnold Fencing Classic Rebrands as Ascalon Sword Festival"
723:
techniques were produced, some of them printed, notably by
3842:
3290:
Medieval Swordsmanship: Illustrated Methods and Techniques
2400:, Society for Creative Anachronism. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
2265:. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3820:
3332:
The Art of Combat: A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570
221:, or Irish stick fighting, typically with the use of the
3843:
Academy of Medieval Fencing and Culture - HEMA in Russia
3832:
3815:
Historical European Martial Arts: Studies & Sources.
1881:
International Historical European Martial arts Gathering
3814:
3591:
The Sword of Combat or The Use of Fighting With Weapons
3139:
2585:"Publications - The School for Historical Fencing Arts"
1670:'s treatise of 1553 as well as the Paris manuscript of
971:
produce English fencing writers, such as the Gentleman
2874:
903:(1630) was a Dutch master influenced by these ideals.
607:
Important 15th century German fencing masters include
3422:- Ridolfo Capo Ferro, Greenhill Books, London, 2004.
1742:
1409:. In 1862, he organized in his regiment stationed in
3563:
Teaching & Interpreting Historical Swordsmanship
2453:
Teaching & Interpreting Historical Swordsmanship
2226:
Roberts, Randy (1977). "Eighteenth Century Boxing".
5668:
5623:
5553:
5508:
5438:
5359:
5290:
5222:
5160:
5065:
5007:
4965:
4837:
4722:
4674:
4617:
4500:
4420:
3603:Runacres, Rob. Book of Lessons. Fallen Rook, 2017.
1634:; and British quarterstaff expert Thomas McCarthy.
1511:published a facsimile of the "Flos Duellatorum" of
887:'the true art (of swordsmanship)' was now based on
745:(1612) is one of the last in the German tradition.
2993:"Stork's Beak: School of Historical Swordsmanship"
2254:
1741:Since 1999, a number of HEMA groups have held the
864:Students fencing with rapier and dagger, ca. 1590.
3833:AEMMA - Academy of European Medieval Martial Arts
199:school flowering in the Late Middle Ages and the
1630:; French journalist and self-defence enthusiast
1405:Hutton learned fencing at the school founded by
1325:
1294:
3507:Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword
2332:A Complete Bibliography of Fencing and Duelling
687:(1492, Latin with Italian and Spanish terms).
462:. From the 15th to the 17th century, numerous
4350:
3868:
3727:Master Of Defence: The Works of George Silver
2825:"Ascalon Sword Festival | Royal Arts Fencing"
2711:Master of Defence: The Works of George Silver
1938:Historical European Martial Arts in Australia
1535:organization, renewed public interest in the
1436:Hutton's pioneering advocacy and practice of
1423:Cold Steel: A Practical Treatise on the Sabre
1337:
1314:
1308:
1302:
943:
880:
664:
583:
567:
561:
517:
501:
8:
2180:The Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
1467:Newspaper report on a "Ladies' night at the
1331:
1286:
1278:
1255:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1035:
929:
736:
718:
645:
624:
595:
589:
577:
555:
531:
511:
493:
469:
463:
455:
447:
423:
410:
3767:Zabinski, Grzegorz and Bartlomiej Walczak.
2163:(3) – via SPORTDiscus with Full Text.
2153:"Fiore dei Liberi: Origins and Motivations"
1247:
1239:
975:(1599) and the professional fencing master
676:
316:
5356:
5345:
4417:
4406:
4357:
4343:
4335:
3910:
3875:
3861:
3853:
2362:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2107:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1745:(WMAW) in the United States. In 2000, The
922:(1623) and Philibert de la Touche (1670).
3204:Learn how and when to remove this message
1456:and a fund-raising event was arranged at
409:(also known as the "Walpurgis" or "Tower
228:Martial arts of the 19th century such as
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
3629:Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship
2613:. Highland Village: Chivalry Bookshelf.
2008:History of physical training and fitness
1747:Association for Renaissance Martial Arts
1144:
1136:
1003:
895:("the father of Destreza", d. 1600) and
859:
717:In the 16th century, compendia of older
345:(except for fragmentary instructions on
315:The first book about the fighting arts,
183:. For this reason, the focus of HEMA is
100:
52:This article includes a list of general
3884:Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA)
3711:Van Noort, Reinier and Antoine Coudre.
3589:Runacres, Rob and Thibault Ghesquiere.
2262:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2019:
1674:and written several academic articles.
588:), both on foot and on horseback. Some
379:depicts combat and weaponry (e.g., the
4314:Historical martial arts reconstruction
3848:Fencing club "NoName" - HEMA in Russia
3657:Medieval and Renaissance Dagger Combat
3403:The Longsword of Johannes Liechtenauer
3234:The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe
2355:
2125:Staff, HEMA Resources (29 July 2020).
2100:
1507:1880–1914. In Italy, Jacopo Gelli and
203:(14th to 16th centuries), followed by
2688:. San Francisco: Chivalry Bookshelf.
2663:. San Francisco: Chivalry Bookshelf.
2638:. San Francisco: Chivalry Bookshelf.
2131:HEMA-Historical European Martial Arts
7:
3449:Knight, David James and Brian Hunt.
2522:About Us. Fightcamp Events. (n.d.).
2120:
2118:
659:The earliest master to write in the
3713:True Principles of the Single Sword
3577:Treatise or Instruction for Fencing
3405:, Part I (DVD). Agilitas TV, 2005.
3375:SPADA 2: Anthology of Swordsmanship
2413:, 2nd Edition, Chivalry Bookshelf.
1702:and the techniques depicted in the
1551:. This work reprinted the works of
1489:Captain Ernest George Stenson Cooke
3643:Fighting with the German Longsword
3615:Lannaireachd: Gaelic Swordsmanship
3493:The Complete Renaissance Swordsman
3276:The Spada Maestra of Bondì di Mazo
2918:"Pacific Northwest HEMA Gathering"
2201:The Complete Renaissance Swordsman
1718:and Scottish Highland broadsword.
1680:The ongoing study of the Germanic
1549:Three Elizabethan Manuals of Fence
1537:practice of historic fighting arts
945:De lo schermo overo scienza d'arme
594:have sections on dueling shields (
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
5277:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
3701:. Freelance Academy Press, 2015,
3631:. The Chilvarly Bookshelf, 2001.
3551:. Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
3519:Lindholm, David and Peter Svärd.
3505:Lindholm, David and Peter Svärd.
3495:. Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
3481:. Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
1662:and the third book of Viggiani's
1491:, Captain Frank Herbert Whittow,
1429:with the modern Italian duelling
1234:Styles of stick fighting include
671:, commissioned by the Marquis di
265:historical European swordsmanship
5772:Historical European martial arts
5745:
5735:
5242:Historical European martial arts
3892:
3757:. The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2004.
3715:. Fallen Rook Publishing, 2016,
3687:. Fallen Rook Publishing, 2015,
3673:. Fallen Rook Publishing, 2014,
3645:. The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2004.
3565:. The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005.
3537:. The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2006.
3467:. The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005.
3165:
1916:
1626:; London-based boxer and fencer
1529:Society for Creative Anachronism
1141:Academic fencing (1831 painting)
600:), special weapons used only in
458:NĂĽrnberger Handschrift GNM 3227a
331:Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus
286:History of European martial arts
146:Historical European martial arts
43:
18:Historical European Martial Arts
5746:
3739:Wagner, Paul and Stephen Hand.
3401:Heim, Hans and Alex Kiermayer.
3236:. Yale University Press, 2000.
2788:, Freelance Academy Press, 2010
2216:, Freelance Academy Press, 2010
2203:, Freelance Academy Press, 2010
1983:Spanish school of swordsmanship
1968:Italian school of swordsmanship
1008:Academic fencing (1725 etching)
27:Martial arts of European origin
3617:. BookSurge Publishing, 2001.
3535:Fighting with the Quarterstaff
3451:Polearms of Paulus Hector Mair
3248:Nicolaes Petter, the Biography
2157:Journal of Western Martial Art
1963:German school of swordsmanship
1723:German school of swordsmanship
1313:, and some styles of Canarian
1099:Development into modern sports
1022:Historical fencing in Scotland
1:
3188:and help improve the section.
2053:
1743:Western Martial arts Workshop
1483:Among his many acolytes were
914:), Besnard (1653, teacher of
416:
4111:Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza
3377:. Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005.
3363:. Chivalry Bookshelf, 2003.
3278:. Van Noort, Reinier, 2016.
2539:. Fullcontactmartialarts.org
2286:UK public library membership
1628:Rowland George Allanson-Winn
1612:Edward William Barton-Wright
893:Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza
801:Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza
3967:King René's Tournament Book
3391:. Chivalry Bookshelf,2006.
3264:. Anglo-Saxon Books, 1997.
2376:Cramer, Michael A. (2009).
2329:Thimm, Carl Albert (1896).
1799:Pacific Lutheran University
5788:
3790:Acta Periodica Duellatorum
3743:Chivalry Bookshelf, 2004.
2432:The Knightly Art of Battle
2411:The Book of the Tournament
1622:and stick fighting master
1238:fighting (including Irish
1227:
1102:
1011:
710:
422:, is the oldest surviving
301:Viking Age arms and armour
294:
29:
5731:
5355:
5344:
4416:
4405:
4372:
4309:
3908:
3890:
3641:Tobler, Christian Henry.
3627:Tobler, Christian Henry.
3334:. Frontline Books, 2014.
3222:, Greenhill Books, 2005.
3118:"About The HEMA Alliance"
2686:Medieval Sword and Shield
2560:Florius. De Arte Luctandi
2409:Price, Brian R. (2010).
2259:. In Lock, Julian (ed.).
2253:Sieveking, A. F. (2004).
1638:Research and publications
1594:The modern HEMA community
1315:
979:(1617). The English verb
456:
448:
275:techniques specifically.
3349:. Laureate Press, 1997.
2968:"About SoCal Swordfight"
2684:Wagner and Hand (2004).
2558:LodĂ , Francesco (2014).
2451:Price, Brian A. (2005).
2434:, J. Paul Getty Museum,
2430:Mondschein, Ken (2011).
2228:Journal of Sport History
2073:Hagedorn, Dierk (2021).
1958:French school of fencing
1948:English Longsword School
1853:, with 4 sets of goals:
1581:In the 1980s and 1990s,
1204:, and regional forms of
1014:French school of fencing
908:French school of fencing
633:(attested 1474) and the
611:, Peter von Danzig (see
484:guards (1452 manuscript)
407:Royal Armouries Ms. I.33
5474:Former official sports
4902:Northern Praying Mantis
4477:Mainland Southeast Asia
4016:Brotherhood of St. Mark
3900:The Martial Arts Portal
3803:Meyer Freifechter Guild
3771:. Paladin Press, 2002.
3729:. Paladin Press, 2008.
3659:. Paladin Press, 2006.
3613:Thompson, Christopher.
3523:. Paladin Press, 2006.
3509:. Paladin Press, 2003.
3453:. Paladin Press, 2008.
3439:Frontline Books, 2014.
3320:. Paladin Press, 2008.
3306:. Paladin Press, 1997.
3292:. Paladin Press, 1998.
2474:"About us - Sigi Forge"
1687:Leading researchers on
1018:European duelling sword
934:(Girard Thibault, 1628)
897:Luis Pacheco de Narváez
631:Brotherhood of St. Mark
351:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 466
73:more precise citations.
5313:Professional wrestling
4980:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
3316:Clements, John et al.
3049:Queen City Sword Guild
2829:Ascalon Sword Festival
2659:Hand, Stephen (2005).
2634:Hand, Stephen (2003).
2609:Hand, Stephen (2006).
2455:, Chivalry Bookshelf.
2271:10.1093/ref:odnb/34078
2061:University of WĂĽrzburg
1988:Renaissance Sword Club
1652:Renaissance Sword Club
1608:English-speaking world
1603:
1541:Heavy Armored Fighting
1527:Starting in 1966, the
1501:Walter Herries Pollock
1480:
1391:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1150:
1142:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1036:
1009:
990:Merry Wives of Windsor
944:
935:
930:
881:
865:
819:Henry de Sainct-Didier
813:Giovanni Dall'Agocchie
737:
727:(in the 1540s) and by
719:
677:
665:
646:
625:
596:
590:
584:
578:
568:
562:
556:
532:
518:
512:
502:
494:
485:
470:
464:
442:Post-classical history
424:
411:
317:
312:
271:) is used to refer to
142:
105:The first page of the
5409:Demonstration sports
4216:Russian fist fighting
3995:Johannes Liechtenauer
3795:27 April 2016 at the
3671:Lessons on the thrust
3561:Price, Brian R., ed.
3420:Italian Rapier Combat
2900:"What is this about?"
2709:Wagner, Paul (2008).
2611:English Swordsmanship
2029:Epitoma rei militaris
1601:
1569:Johannes Liechtenauer
1466:
1368:
1351:Greco-Roman wrestling
1228:Further information:
1177:by naval forces. The
1161:, besides use of the
1148:
1140:
1103:Further information:
1012:Further information:
1007:
983:is first attested in
928:
883:La Verdadera Destreza
863:
711:Further information:
480:
450:Johannes Liechtenauer
386:Synopsis of Histories
318:Epitoma rei militaris
310:
295:Further information:
104:
5669:Martial arts at the
5624:Martial arts at the
5554:Martial arts at the
5509:Martial arts at the
5489:Invitational sports
5439:Martial arts at the
5360:Martial arts at the
5282:Pencak Silat Harimau
5120:Pencak Silat Harimau
5052:Submission wrestling
4757:Luta Livre esportiva
3947:Early Post-Classical
3931:Ancient Greek boxing
3697:Van Noort, Reinier.
3685:Of the Single Rapier
3683:Van Noort, Reinier.
3669:Van Noort, Reinier.
3330:Forgeng, Jeffrey L.
3262:English Martial Arts
2997:www.storksbeak.co.uk
2798:Goldsmith, Suzanne.
2503:www.woodenswords.com
2176:"Paulus Hector Mair"
1533:medieval reenactment
1361:19th century revival
889:Renaissance humanism
690:Three early (before
629:), most notably the
339:martial arts manuals
253:Western martial arts
177:late medieval period
173:martial arts manuals
5350:International games
5032:Full contact karate
5022:Professional boxing
4737:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
4221:bare-knuckle boxing
4153:Scottish broadsword
3985:Late Post-Classical
3811:by Joseph R. Svinth
3579:, Lulu.com (2015),
3547:Mele, Gregory, ed.
2784:Gregory Mele, ed.,
2583:Reinier van Noort.
2380:, Scarecrow Press.
2310:on 10 December 2017
2151:Howe, Russ (2008).
1978:Martial arts manual
1924:Martial arts portal
1355:freestyle wrestling
1056:bare-knuckle boxing
1030:and later with the
931:Academie de l-Espee
831:Frederico Ghisliero
702:Early modern period
654:The Play of the Axe
644:French treatise is
626:Fechtbruderschaften
359:sagas of Icelanders
355:medieval literature
321:, was written into
311:Fol. 4v of the I.33
181:early modern period
161:classical antiquity
5512:Pan American Games
5189:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
5100:JieitaikakutĹŤjutsu
5037:Mixed martial arts
4095:Ridolfo Capo Ferro
4005:Paulus Hector Mair
3979:Le jeu de la hache
3914:
3593:. Lulu.com, 2014.
3465:The Art of Dueling
3345:Gaugler, William.
3250:. Lulu.com, 2014.
3120:. Hemaalliance.com
2854:Fioredeiliberi.org
2398:Martial Activities
2304:Fioredeiliberi.org
1993:Schola Gladiatoria
1943:Combat reenactment
1762:Schola Gladiatoria
1632:Jean Joseph-Renaud
1604:
1481:
1438:historical fencing
1392:
1357:followed in 1904.
1151:
1143:
1094:Late modern period
1010:
954:Ridolfo Capo Ferro
936:
912:Cyrano de Bergerac
866:
843:Girolamo Cavalcabo
777:Antonio Manciolino
750:Antonio Manciolino
725:Paulus Hector Mair
713:Company of Masters
648:Le jeu de la hache
486:
377:historical artwork
373:Middle High German
313:
143:
32:history of fencing
5759:
5758:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5303:Martial arts film
4332:
4331:
4304:
4303:
4169:Giuseppe Radaelli
4165:Classical fencing
4100:Francesco Alfieri
3721:978-0-9934216-0-0
3707:978-1-937439-26-2
3693:978-0-9926735-8-1
3679:978-0-9926735-4-3
3665:978-1-58160-517-4
3609:978-0-9934216-5-5
3599:978-1-29191-969-1
3585:978-1-326-16469-0
3557:978-0-9825911-5-4
3533:Lindholm, David.
3501:978-0-9825911-3-0
3487:978-0-9825911-2-3
3459:978-1-58160-644-7
3326:978-1-58160-668-3
3284:978-82-690382-0-0
3214:
3213:
3206:
3140:"Esfinges – HEMA"
3045:"Harvest Fecht 4"
2947:hemascorecard.com
2764:Achillemarozzo.it
2739:Achillemarozzo.it
2713:. Paladin Press.
2695:978-1-891448-43-0
2670:978-1-891448-35-5
2645:978-1-891448-37-9
2620:978-1-891448-27-0
2461:978-1-891448-46-1
2419:978-1-891448-00-3
2284:(Subscription or
2086:978-1-78438-657-3
2039:978-0-19-926464-3
1776:Edmonton, Alberta
1614:, the founder of
1583:Patri J. Pugliese
1561:Vincentio Saviolo
1557:Giacomo di Grassi
1477:London Daily Mail
1421:influential work
1310:Bastone Siciliano
1210:Cornish Wrestling
1109:Classical fencing
1072:L'École des Armes
958:Francesco Alfieri
950:Nicoletto Giganti
837:Vincentio Saviolo
807:Giacomo di Grassi
572:), and combat in
388:by John Skylitzes
232:, and even early
230:classical fencing
107:Codex Wallerstein
99:
98:
91:
16:(Redirected from
5779:
5749:
5748:
5739:
5357:
5346:
4418:
4407:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4336:
4324:Academic fencing
4059:Fiore dei Liberi
3974:Medieval buckler
3911:
3896:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3854:
3463:Leoni, Tommaso.
3302:Clements, John.
3288:Clements, John.
3246:Blanes, Jerome.
3209:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3184:Please read the
3180:may need cleanup
3169:
3168:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3094:. Archived from
3084:
3078:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2972:SoCal Swordfight
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2943:"HEMA Scorecard"
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2804:Columbus Monthly
2795:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2449:
2443:
2428:
2422:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2306:. Archived from
2296:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2223:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2024:
1973:Laurentius Guild
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1672:Fiore dei Liberi
1513:Fiore dei Liberi
1509:Francesco Novati
1479:, 13 June 1899).
1341:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1133:academic fencing
1089:
1081:
1074:
1039:
947:
933:
886:
740:
722:
682:
679:Flos Duellatorum
670:
667:Fiore dei Liberi
661:Italian language
651:
628:
599:
593:
587:
581:
571:
565:
559:
537:
521:
515:
505:
499:
473:
467:
461:
460:
453:
452:
429:
421:
418:
414:
398:, Eastern Roman
361:, Eastern Roman
343:Late Middle Ages
320:
244:and traditional
94:
87:
83:
80:
74:
69:this article by
60:inline citations
47:
46:
39:
21:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5719:
5670:
5664:
5625:
5619:
5555:
5549:
5510:
5504:
5440:
5434:
5363:Summer Olympics
5361:
5351:
5332:
5286:
5218:
5156:
5070:
5061:
5012:
5003:
4961:
4957:Yoshukai Karate
4917:Shaolin kung fu
4833:
4718:
4694:Practice weapon
4670:
4613:
4503:
4496:
4422:Regional origin
4412:
4401:
4368:
4363:
4333:
4328:
4319:Trial by combat
4305:
4300:
4138:Domenico Angelo
4079:
4070:Achille Marozzo
3936:Greek wrestling
3904:
3886:
3881:
3797:Wayback Machine
3786:
3781:
3575:Runacres, Rob.
3479:Venetian Rapier
3387:Hand, Stephen.
3373:Hand, Stephen.
3359:Hand, Stephen.
3232:Anglo, Sydney.
3210:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3183:
3176:Further reading
3170:
3166:
3159:
3157:Further reading
3154:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3092:Hemac-dijon.com
3088:"» HEMAC-Dijon"
3086:
3085:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3020:"Funfecht 2022"
3018:
3017:
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3008:
3004:
2991:
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2986:
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2966:
2965:
2961:
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2941:
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2936:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2904:kickstarter.com
2898:
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2808:
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2792:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2766:. 7 August 2014
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2703:
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2653:
2646:
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2628:
2621:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2492:
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2480:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2450:
2446:
2429:
2425:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2375:
2371:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2256:"Alfred Hutton"
2252:
2251:
2247:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2214:Venetian Rapier
2211:
2207:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2099:
2087:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1844:
1842:Umbrella groups
1735:
1708:Manuscript I.33
1704:Royal Armouries
1689:Manuscript I.33
1668:Camillo Agrippa
1640:
1596:
1525:
1517:Achille Marozzo
1446:Achille Marozzo
1407:Domenico Angelo
1378:Prince of Wales
1363:
1232:
1226:
1179:English longbow
1135:
1121:Catch wrestling
1101:
1096:
1049:Domenico Angelo
1024:
1002:
940:Salvator Fabris
920:François Dancie
901:Girard Thibault
858:
851:(1599, English)
845:(1597, Italian)
839:(1595, Italian)
833:(1587, Italian)
827:(1575, Italian)
825:Angelo Viggiani
815:(1572, Italian)
809:(1570, Italian)
803:(1569, Spanish)
797:(1553, Italian)
795:Camillo Agrippa
791:(1551, Italian)
789:Angelo Viggiani
785:(1536, Italian)
783:Achille Marozzo
779:(1531, Italian)
770:Salvator Fabris
761:Camillo Agrippa
754:Achille Marozzo
715:
709:
704:
656:) of ca. 1400.
609:Sigmund Ringeck
602:trial by combat
579:Harnischfechten
522:, often of the
444:
419:
381:Bayeux Tapestry
368:Digenes Akritas
347:Greek wrestling
333:, who lived in
303:
293:
291:Ancient history
288:
280:reconstructions
236:styles such as
165:Greek wrestling
95:
84:
78:
75:
65:Please help to
64:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5785:
5783:
5775:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5743:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5672:European Games
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5418:Pistol dueling
5415:
5407:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5247:Huiyen Lallong
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5204:Shorinji Kempo
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5174:American Kenpo
5170:
5168:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4994:
4989:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4907:Russian boxing
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4654:Ranged weapons
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4642:Stick-fighting
4639:
4637:Knife fighting
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4508:
4506:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4414:
4413:
4411:Classification
4410:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:List of styles
4373:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4246:
4241:
4238:Folk wrestling
4234:
4233:
4228:
4226:Jack Broughton
4223:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4186:Stick fighting
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:Joseph Swetnam
4123:
4118:
4116:English school
4113:
4108:
4102:
4097:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4002:
4000:Hans Talhoffer
3997:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3785:
3784:External links
3782:
3780:
3779:
3765:
3753:Windsor, Guy.
3751:
3737:
3735:978-1581607239
3725:Wagner, Paul.
3723:
3709:
3695:
3681:
3667:
3653:
3639:
3625:
3611:
3601:
3587:
3573:
3559:
3545:
3531:
3517:
3503:
3489:
3475:
3461:
3447:
3430:
3413:
3399:
3385:
3371:
3357:
3343:
3340:978-1848327788
3328:
3314:
3300:
3286:
3272:
3260:Brown, Terry.
3258:
3256:978-1105916694
3244:
3230:
3228:978-1853676260
3215:
3212:
3211:
3173:
3171:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3131:
3109:
3098:on 10 May 2013
3079:
3061:
3036:
3011:
3002:
2984:
2959:
2934:
2909:
2891:
2866:
2841:
2816:
2790:
2777:
2751:
2726:
2720:978-1581607239
2719:
2701:
2694:
2676:
2669:
2651:
2644:
2626:
2619:
2601:
2575:
2569:978-8896950869
2568:
2550:
2528:
2515:
2490:
2465:
2444:
2440:978-1606060766
2423:
2402:
2390:
2369:
2341:
2321:
2300:"SCHOLA FORUM"
2291:
2245:
2234:(3): 248–250.
2218:
2205:
2192:
2166:
2143:
2114:
2085:
2065:
2045:
2038:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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1595:
1592:
1524:
1521:
1485:Egerton Castle
1458:Guy's Hospital
1450:Egerton Castle
1382:Lyceum Theatre
1370:Egerton Castle
1362:
1359:
1347:folk wrestling
1317:juego del palo
1289:bâton français
1230:Stick-fighting
1225:
1224:Stick fighting
1222:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1064:Jack Broughton
1054:In this time,
1001:
998:
977:Joseph Swetnam
899:(1600, 1632).
870:Baroque period
857:
854:
853:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
821:(1573, French)
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
708:
705:
703:
700:
617:Hans Talhoffer
443:
440:
341:predating the
297:De re militari
292:
289:
287:
284:
246:stick-fighting
242:folk wrestling
97:
96:
51:
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42:
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24:
14:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5627:African Games
5622:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5343:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:Fighting game
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:Entertainment
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5262:Krabi–krabong
5260:
5258:
5257:Kalaripayattu
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5047:Shootfighting
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5014:combat sports
5010:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4942:Tien Shan Pai
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Choi Kwang-Do
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Pushing hands
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4647:Swordsmanship
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:Melee weapons
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4397:Hard and soft
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4355:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:Lucien Gaudin
4172:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:French school
4131:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4121:George Silver
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4075:Spada da lato
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:Joachim Meyer
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3777:1-58160-339-8
3774:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:1-891448-41-2
3760:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:1-891448-43-9
3746:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3655:Vail, Jason.
3654:
3652:
3651:1-891448-24-2
3648:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:1-891448-07-2
3634:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:1-59109-236-1
3620:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:1-891448-46-3
3568:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:1-891448-36-6
3540:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:1-58160-499-8
3526:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:1-58160-410-6
3512:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:1-891448-23-4
3470:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:1-891448-20-X
3408:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3397:1-891448-27-7
3394:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:1-891448-35-8
3380:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:1-891448-37-4
3366:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:1-884528-16-3
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:0-87364-919-2
3309:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:1-58160-004-6
3295:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3270:1-898281-29-7
3267:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:0-300-08352-1
3239:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3205:
3197:
3187:
3186:editing guide
3181:
3177:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2923:
2922:pnwhemag.com/
2919:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2479:
2478:sigiforge.com
2475:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:9780810869967
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2344:
2342:9781455602773
2338:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2322:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Swordsmanship
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:HEMA Alliance
1896:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:George Silver
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1682:Langes Messer
1678:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1588:swordsmanship
1584:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:Codex Ringeck
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:George Silver
1550:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:, an amateur
1530:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:Sir Frederick
1494:
1493:Esme Beringer
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:George Silver
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1415:Swordsmanship
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1400:Alfred Hutton
1397:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:Alfred Hutton
1371:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1293:, Portuguese
1291:
1290:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1236:walking-stick
1231:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1006:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:George Silver
970:
969:Jacobean eras
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
941:
932:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
884:
877:
875:
871:
862:
856:Baroque style
855:
850:
849:George Silver
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
773:
771:
767:
762:
757:
755:
751:
746:
744:
739:
732:
730:
729:Joachim Meyer
726:
721:
714:
706:
701:
699:
697:
693:
692:George Silver
688:
686:
681:
680:
674:
669:
668:
662:
657:
655:
650:
649:
643:
638:
636:
632:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
598:
592:
586:
580:
575:
570:
564:
558:
557:Langesschwert
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
535:
529:
525:
524:rondel dagger
520:
514:
509:
504:
498:
497:
491:
483:
479:
475:
472:
466:
459:
451:
441:
439:
437:
433:
428:
427:
415:"), dated to
413:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
363:Acritic songs
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
309:
305:
302:
298:
290:
285:
283:
281:
276:
274:
273:swordsmanship
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:rondel dagger
112:
108:
103:
93:
90:
82:
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5608:Pencak silat
5318:Stage combat
5272:Mardani khel
5241:
5194:Jeet Kune Do
5152:Silat Melayu
5115:Pencak silat
5067:Self-defense
5009:Full contact
4996:
4984:
4922:Shoot boxing
4862:Chess boxing
4762:Malla-yuddha
4699:Punching bag
4689:Boxing glove
4546:Leg strikes
4525:Elbow strike
4511:Arm strikes
4434:
4366:Martial arts
4190:Quarterstaff
4085:Early Modern
4065:Dardi school
4021:Federfechter
3962:Bem cavalgar
3898:
3897:
3883:
3768:
3754:
3740:
3726:
3712:
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1090:of Diderot.
1086:Encyclopédie
1068:
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1000:Rococo style
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658:
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635:Federfechter
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574:plate armour
544:quarterstaff
487:
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314:
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175:date to the
169:gladiatorial
158:
154:martial arts
149:
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144:
141:, and staff.
85:
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5557:Asian Games
5442:World Games
5404:Greco-Roman
5224:Battlefield
5184:Chun Kuk Do
5127:Suffrajitsu
4937:Tang Soo Do
4812:Greco-Roman
4565:Knee strike
4482:Philippines
4205:Jogo do Pau
4195:Singlestick
4143:Small sword
3220:Jared Kirby
3145:11 November
3054:11 November
3029:11 November
2850:"FightCamp"
2834:11 November
2809:11 November
2562:. Bonanno.
2508:14 November
2483:14 November
2212:Tom Leoni,
2199:Tom Leoni,
2185:14 November
2136:11 November
2057: 1290
1828:tournaments
1787:singlestick
1576:John Waller
1396:Middle Ages
1387:The Graphic
1297:jogo do pau
1275:singlestick
1264:singlestick
1173:and of the
1045:small sword
1028:small sword
985:Shakespeare
965:Elizabethan
868:During the
743:Jacob Sutor
720:FechtbĂĽcher
707:Renaissance
694:) natively
613:Cod. 44 A 8
597:Stechschild
591:FechtbĂĽcher
563:spada longa
542:, half- or
496:Kampfringen
465:FechtbĂĽcher
430:, teaching
420: 1300
400:hoplomachia
219:Bataireacht
201:Renaissance
71:introducing
5599:2018 Only
5460:Kickboxing
5214:Qwan Ki Do
5142:To-Shin Do
5072:combatives
5042:Pankration
5027:Kickboxing
4998:Xingyiquan
4986:Baguazhang
4952:Wudangquan
4882:Kickboxing
4777:Shuai jiao
4587:Joint lock
4504:techniques
4265:Lancashire
4231:James Figg
3953:Tournament
3926:Pankration
3827:Wiktenauer
3445:1848325274
3428:1853675806
3178:" section
3024:Eventbrite
2537:"Bartitsu"
2499:"About Us"
2335:. London.
2288:required.)
2095:1257553499
2015:References
1933:Arne Koets
1832:Arne Koets
1795:Fort Casey
1769:Gothenburg
1664:Lo Schermo
1660:Opera Nova
1301:, Italian
1250:shillelagh
1171:cavalrists
1060:James Figg
642:Burgundian
621:Paulus Kal
396:Pankration
223:shillelagh
79:April 2012
54:references
5715:Wrestling
5710:Taekwondo
5660:Wrestling
5655:Taekwondo
5590:Wrestling
5585:Taekwondo
5545:Wrestling
5540:Taekwondo
5483:Taekwondo
5465:Muay Thai
5400:freestyle
5396:Wrestling
5391:Taekwondo
5267:Krav Maga
5179:Angampora
5147:Wing Chun
5105:Krav Maga
5095:Kajukenbo
5057:Vale Tudo
4932:Taekwondo
4897:Muay Thai
4887:Kun Khmer
4817:Mongolian
4807:freestyle
4787:Wrestling
4746:Para judo
4724:Grappling
4577:Grappling
4515:Chokehold
4445:Indonesia
4276:Icelandic
4179:Aldo Nadi
4026:Longsword
3941:Gladiator
3074:hemac.org
2358:cite book
2103:cite book
1875:Community
1783:longsword
1696:Australia
1618:; combat
1571:in 1985.
1469:Bath Club
1454:Bath Club
1427:backsword
1384:in 1891 (
1254:, French
1206:wrestling
1125:Wrestling
916:Descartes
874:wrestling
738:Fechtbuch
640:An early
552:longsword
490:grappling
482:Longsword
426:Fechtbuch
412:Fechtbuch
261:longsword
251:The term
248:methods.
163:(such as
111:longsword
5766:Category
5700:Muaythai
5450:Ju-jitsu
5323:Tricking
5307:Chanbara
5209:Unifight
5162:Eclectic
5137:Taekkyon
5085:Bartitsu
4967:Internal
4857:Capoeira
4839:Striking
4767:Pehlwani
4714:Sparring
4676:Training
4664:Shooting
4609:Stand-up
4597:Takedown
4550:Footwork
4540:Headbutt
4502:Unarmed
4387:Timeline
4286:Scottish
4257:Cumbrian
4212:Pugilism
4200:La canne
4106:Destreza
3993::
3957:Jousting
3793:Archived
3194:May 2017
2661:Spada II
2240:43610520
2052:between
1910:See also
1869:Outreach
1863:Research
1825:Jousting
1616:Bartitsu
1473:bartitsu
1281:la canne
1268:Bartitsu
1258:la canne
1165:and the
1051:(1763).
993:(1597).
981:to fence
956:(1610),
952:(1606),
942:, whose
772:(1606).
585:armazare
548:polearms
526:), long
503:abrazare
438:combat.
329:writer,
238:Bartitsu
213:Scottish
185:de facto
179:and the
5751:Outline
5685:Fencing
5640:Fencing
5575:Jujutsu
5525:Fencing
5376:Fencing
5252:Jujutsu
5237:Bokator
5232:Banshay
5166:hybrids
5132:Systema
5090:Hapkido
4992:Tai chi
4947:Vovinam
4892:Lethwei
4797:Cornish
4752:Jujutsu
4709:Randori
4659:Archery
4619:Weapons
4492:Vietnam
4465:Okinawa
4455:Ireland
4450:Italian
4392:Records
4382:History
4291:Serbian
4253:Cornish
4249:English
4055:Italian
4037:Dussack
3920:Ancient
3435:(ed.),
3418:(ed.),
3124:10 July
3102:10 July
3070:"HEMAC"
2927:10 July
2884:10 July
2879:Ghfs.se
2859:10 July
2770:10 July
2744:10 July
2594:10 July
2543:10 July
2348:10 July
2314:10 July
2276:10 July
1953:Fencing
1857:Martial
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1712:Saviolo
1648:England
1380:at the
1339:bastone
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1194:England
1183:archery
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1079:Éscrime
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696:English
673:Ferrara
569:spadone
436:buckler
357:(e.g.,
278:Modern
209:English
197:Spanish
195:, and
193:Italian
135:pollaxe
127:buckler
67:improve
5741:Portal
5695:Karate
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5650:Karate
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4435:Europe
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1499:, and
1266:) and
1202:France
1198:Savate
1190:Boxing
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1131:, and
1117:Boxing
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1020:, and
766:rapier
540:Dusack
538:), or
534:Messer
508:dagger
471:Zettel
390:, the
383:, the
365:, the
349:, see
234:hybrid
211:, and
205:French
189:German
152:) are
131:voulge
119:messer
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5705:Sambo
5613:Sambo
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5498:Wushu
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5328:Wuxia
5110:MCMAP
5080:Arnis
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4847:Bando
4827:shoot
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4772:Sambo
4602:Throw
4592:Sweep
4570:Stomp
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4460:Japan
4440:India
4430:China
4296:Swiss
4281:Irish
4271:Greek
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2875:"Hem"
2636:Spada
2236:JSTOR
1885:Dijon
1791:glima
1431:sabre
1411:India
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1217:duels
1167:lance
1163:sabre
528:knife
513:Degen
432:sword
327:Roman
325:by a
323:Latin
139:spear
125:-and-
123:sword
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4802:folk
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4742:Judo
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3773:ISBN
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2772:2015
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2187:2022
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2109:link
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