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the U.S., were from
Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. By 1990 the Chinese were Harris County's second largest Asian community after the Vietnamese. In 2000 there were 34,673 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent, making up 18% of the Asians in the county. If the Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi populations of Harris County are combined into a single group, then in 2000 the Chinese were the third largest Asian ethnic group, slightly behind the second-largest Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi group. From 2000 to 2010 the ethnic Chinese population in Harris County grew by 27%.
1008:
587:, also exists in Bellaire Chinatown. It was opened in 1992 by Taiwanese immigrants led by Dr. Yu Yan-Lee who pooled their resources to have a community center independent from the CCC, which is believed to solely represent the interests of Mainland Chinese. The TCC has since become a proponent of the pro-Taiwanese Independence movement. Its political organization, the Taiwanese Heritage Society of Houston, has hosted political figures such as Texas State Representative
770:
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282:, located near Bellaire and Beltway 8, opened that year. The new Chinatown began to expand in the 1990s when local Asian-American entrepreneurs moved their businesses from older neighborhoods, especially the "Old Chinatown" in a search for more inexpensive properties. Knapp and Vojnovic stated that by in the 1980s Houstonians, along with local media outlets and the government agencies, "touted" them "as a cultural and economic asset."
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856:. They believed that Guandi saved their lives during the incident. A Vietnamese refugee named Charles Lee coordinated the donations and funding so the temple could be built; Lee stated his motivation was to thank the United States for welcoming him and saving his life when he arrived in 1978. The construction materials and architectural design originated from China. A representation of Buddha and a golden
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Edward King Tung Chen (Former Deputy
Counsul Republic of China and First Chinese Professor in Houston{ Prevented Internment of Chinese during the Korean War by working with FBI) An Application for an Official Texas Historical Marker for Edward King Tung Chen 1909-1957 Newspaperman, Diplomat, Scholar,
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Circa the 1870s the first
Chinese laundry was established. Circa 1930 the first ethnic Chinese grocery business was Quong Yick, operated by C. Y. Chu. When Chinese laundries were no longer widely patronized, ethnic Chinese began operating restaurants; at the time not many non-Chinese in the area were
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was made permanent in 1902, and this convinced some ethnic
Chinese to abandon Houston, as the same report stated that the population was down to 27 that year. Nester Rodriguez, author of "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," concluded that most of the original men from 1870 left Houston.
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ethnic
Chinese in the Houston area were classified as white and therefore could get superior educational opportunities to the undergraduate level. However professional schools such as law, medical, and dental schools in the area rejected applications from ethnic Chinese, restricting their choices of
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and often were not formally educated. In 1980 the ethnic
Chinese were Harris County's largest Asian population. In 1990 there were 25,019 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent, making up 22.8% of the Asians in the county. By then the origins of ethnic Chinese, in addition to those from other parts of
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In the late 1930s there were fewer than 50 Chinese in
Houston. At that time, most families of Chinese ethnicity operated restaurants and small groceries. They usually lived in residences behind their business or residences on the upper floors of the buildings housing their businesses. Due to racial
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replaced the government in the
Mainland in 1949, causing additional persons to leave China. The revolution and repeal prompted additional assimilation among those in Houston. However, there were still under 1,000 persons of Chinese origin in 1950 in the area, with about 500 in the city. As ethnic
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to have property of deceased Asian
Americans in urban areas be returned to the state instead of giving to heirs, and non-Asian owners of grocery businesses wished to remove competition and therefore sponsored the bill. However the bill was removed while in committee after two Asian Americans
609:(CACA) was established in 1954. Edward C. M. Chen, the son of E. K. T. Chen, wrote in "An American Chinese in Houston" that this chapter in the 1960s "came into national prominence". Edward C. Chen later was elected as the head of this chapter and was the youngest person elected as such.
269:, and this Chinatown grew during the 1970s. This area is currently referred to as the "Old Chinatown", and still contains some notable landmarks including the original Kim Sơn restaurant. Many Chinese businesses have since moved out, and the area is currently undergoing re-development.
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Historically the
Mandarin-speaking and Cantonese-speaking groups were distinct, with the latter readily adopting American culture. Jessica Chew, author of "Vietnamese and Chinese American Cultures: Destination Houston," stated that the former "represent a more elitist culture".
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The first Chinese business district opened in the early 1900s. The city government had a "Chinese inspector" to look for traces of illegal activities related to vices, and Knapp and Vojnovic wrote that Houstonians at the time felt threatened by the ethnic Chinese presence.
211:, the first to count the Chinese in Houston, showed 7 Chinese residents in there. Anthony Knapp and Igor Vojnovic, authors of "Ethnicity in an Immigrant Gateway City: The Asian Condition in Houston", described the Chinese population of Houston at the time as being small.
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In the era before the Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the area Chinese lacked political clout, relying on the Chinese consulate to advocate on their behalf. In 1995 ethnic Chinese in the Houston area had a preference for the
245:. During the war, many Chinese from southern states migrated to take advantage of the economy and the population increased by more than twice its size. In addition, the Chinese Exclusion Act was revoked in 1943, and the
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An Application for an Official Texas Historical Marker for Edward King Tung Chen 1909-1957 Newspaperman, Diplomat, Scholar, Professor, Patriot American, Texan, Houstonian of Chinese Ancestry by Edward Chuck Ming
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877:; 'US-China Catholic Church') originated from a Chinese worship service that was established in the 1970s. The parish was created in 1988, initially operating out of a commercial center in the
423:, making it the first Asian carrier to fly to Houston. The airline stated that many Taiwanese companies had offices in Houston. In 2008, China Airlines announced that it was discontinuing service to
207:, in January of that year, stated that 247 Chinese docked in Galveston and went onwards in the region. The 1877 Houston City Directory listed three ethnic Chinese who worked in laundries, and the
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In the era before the Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the area Chinese consulate advocated for the rights of ethnic Chinese in the city as ethnic Chinese at the time had limited rights. The
677:. By 2013, due concerns about discrimination against Asians and immigration policies and the lessening importance of anti-Communism, the political preferences of ethnic Chinese shifted towards
602:, the latter having its meeting room in east Houston, were present. The first umbrella organization for ethnic Chinese was Wah Kew of Houston. E. K. T. Chen was elected president in the 1940s.
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to Houston. They had operated small stores in Mississippi but they decided to move because many of their previous clientele, African-Americans, left the state during the
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offered daily. As of 2006, at CCC about 80% of the students have university degrees, and the other 20% are the companions of the students with university degrees.
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originated from Thailand. The temple is open to followers of all religions, and it has perfumed halls. Ming Shui Huang was appointed volunteer manager in 2000.
848:. The temple was established in 1999 by a Vietnamese couple, Charles Loi Ngo and Carolyn, the former originating from China. They decided to build a temple to
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918:. Edward Chen, in 1980, had organized an exhibit at UH about the Chinese community, titled "Centennial of the History of Chinese in Houston since 1880."
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653:(ethnic Chinese) influence on Vietnamese cuisine served in Houston. Suzanne Chew, mother of Jessica Chew, stated that the situation is a "Chinese mix".
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In 1960 there were about 325 people in the city of Houston of Chinese origins. In the 1960s there were about 2,500 ethnic Chinese in the Houston area.
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Terry Chang Gee (died 2012) became a volunteer in Chinese American causes. Quan said "He's considered one of the pioneers of the Chinese community."
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632:. The archive has documented oral history interviews of a significant number of Chinese Americans in Houston, in English, Mandarin or Cantonese.
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DIVERSITY AND TRANSFORMATION AMONG ASIANS IN HOUSTON: Findings from the Kinder Institute’s Houston Area Asian Survey (1995, 2002, 2011)
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Rodriguez, Nestor. "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston." in: Chafetz, Janet Salzman and Helen Rose Ebaugh (editors).
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Edward M. Chen compiled oral histories and wrote a chapter about the history of the ethnic Chinese published in the 1984 book
350:, making up 21% of that county's Asians. As of the same year the ethnic Chinese were the second largest Asian ethnic group in
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897:) is celebrated in Houston, and Miss Chinatown is held at that time. Other recreational events occur during the holiday.
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Knapp, Anthony; Vojnovic, Igor (2016-08-01). "Ethnicity in an Immigrant Gateway City: The Asian Condition in Houston".
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E. K. T. Chen, the first university professor in the city of Chinese ancestry, was also the first graduate from the
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The Houston area population includes a large number of people with Chinese ancestral backgrounds. According to the
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2008:
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695:, elected to the council in 1993, was the first person of majority Asian origins to be elected to the council.
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TRANSLATING A NEED / Language barriers / Immigrants see English as vital, but work, family limit time to learn
1567:"Sewing: 70 years ago, in a different Houston, Chinese social club gave teens a bond over culture, friendship"
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By 1983 there were about 30,000 people of Chinese origin in the Houston area. The first businesses of the new
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said in 2010 that "the population is thought to have grown by tens of thousands" since the 2000 estimate.
2091:." Texas Guandi Temple. Retrieved on February 11, 2012. "The Texas Guandi Temple is in the hart [
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In 2000 the estimate of the Chinese-American population in Houston was 24,000. Moises Mendoza of the
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2145:. Thursday July 17, 2003. ThisWeek 1. Retrieved on September 9, 2012. This is available from the
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Southwest Chinese Journal (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 6, No. 20, Ed. 1 Wednesday, December 16, 1981 p.
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interested in eating Chinese-style food, so initially restaurants served American food instead.
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Professor, Patriot American, Texan, Houstonian of Chinese Ancestry by Edward Chuck Ming Chen
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595:. The TCC also operates a school teaching traditional Chinese and Taiwanese cultural events.
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576:. The facility opened in 1979 as the Chinese Language School. The CCC has several levels of
427:. When the China Airlines service was in operation the airline had a private bus service to
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347:
334:, making up 15.7% of all Asians in the county. This figure includes those with origins from
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The first Chinese to enter Houston were 250 men coming in 1870 to do construction work. The
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careers. CACA successfully lobbied for the professional schools to accept ethnic Chinese.
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by the 1970s as skyscrapers had replaced many of the buildings in northern Downtown. The
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2097:] of Houston, facing University of Houston across the wide and bustling Highway 45."
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Religion and the New Immigrants: Continuities and Adaptations in Immigrant Congregations
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In the early years of the Chinese community, the Chinese Association of Houston and the
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In 1999 the Houston area had 350 Chinese Catholic families. Ascension Chinese Mission (
800:
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412:
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stated that the growing Asian population of Houston made this flight an important one.
335:
330:
According to the 2010 Census there were 43,940 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent in
193:(Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area) has 72,320 residents of Chinese origin.
900:
The Dragoneers youth social club for Chinese Americans met at Chinese Baptist Church.
761:
730:
620:, is a research archive as part of the outreach arm of Chao Center for Asian Studies,
446:, a publishing business owned by a Chinese-American, has its headquarters in Houston.
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In the decade of the 1970s the first schools teaching the Chinese language appeared.
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852:(Guandi) after surviving an aggravated robbery which occurred at their store in the
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473:
302:, urged Asian Americans and Chinese Americans to become more involved in politics.
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2003:
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Also available in: Ebaugh, Helen Rose Fuchs and Janet Saltzman Chafetz (editors).
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at the time, the majority worked in businesses such as groceries and restaurants.
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discrimination they were unable to join labor unions or obtain high-quality jobs.
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Houston's really good idea Bus tour celebrates communities that forged a city.
1202:"Welcome to Guandi's Temple – A Mystic Sanctuary of Asian Cultures in Houston"
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has Asian-American influences, with the co-owners being of Chinese ancestry.
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346:. In 2010 the ethnic Chinese were the second largest Asian ethnic group in
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390:, said that the new flight "means a lot" to Houston's Chinese population.
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Vara, Richard. "Area Asian Catholics to come together in celebration."
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1651:. Thursday June 28, 2001. ThisWeek 2. Retrieved on December 13, 2013.
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Texas Teo Chew Temple gala features dragons, dancers and dignitaries
1861:"How a Chinese app gives Houston immigrants a glimpse of the future"
687:, of mixed Chinese and African-American origins, was elected to the
516:. The Taiwanese mission also has the Chinese Cultural Center in the
214:
A report stated that circa 1901 Houston had 43 ethnic Chinese. The
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The number of Chinese in Houston increased to 121 by the start of
3413:
List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations
1968:. Monday September 18, 2006. A1. Retrieved on December 30, 2011.
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1923:
1169:"Vietnamese and Chinese American Cultures: Destination Houston"
691:
in 1989, being the first city council member of Asian origins.
2335:- page 6 talks about Chinese arriving in the port of Galveston
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1929:
Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Houston
1643:
Quan urges Chinese-Americans to become more active in politics
725:
529:
Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Houston
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Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Houston
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U.S. immigration policy toward the People's Republic of China
2137:
Neighborhood's Alive tour hits city's multicultural hot spots
1942:
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Chinese community pioneer Gee remembered for helping others
310:
The first Chinatown in Houston was in the northern part of
1502:, January 1983. Vol. 11, No. 1. ISSN 0148-7736. START: p.
718:
of Chinese ancestry. He received his degree in the 1930s.
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2364:
1980:
Chen, Edward M., "An American Chinese in Houston," p. 10.
2315:
Rhoads, Edward J.M (July 1977). "The Chinese in Texas".
1992:
Chen, Edward M., "An American Chinese in Houston," p. 9.
1073:"Asian Americans in Houston: A Kaleidoscope of Cultures"
1772:
2 foreign airlines curtailing Houston passenger service
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1976:
1974:
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was commonly in use among recent Mainland immigrants.
1988:
1986:
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2511:
One Hundred Years: History of the Chinese in America
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2004:"Texas Meets China Meets Vietnam at Blood Bros. BBQ"
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It's official: Air China to begin flights to Beijing
564:, "Houston Chinese Culture Service Center"), an IRS
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1780:. January 12, 2008. Retrieved on December 11, 2013.
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881:. It relocated to its current site in Spring 1991.
374:announced that it would begin nonstop service from
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1552:. October 17, 2009. Retrieved on October 19, 2009.
3316:Chinese Historical Society of Southern California
2302:. September 8, 2012. Retrieved on April 22, 2013.
2237:
2235:
2119:. August 3, 2003. Retrieved on February 11, 2012.
1745:EVA Hello Kitty Shining Star Jet Lands in Houston
1632:. February 14, 2010. Retrieved on April 22, 2013.
1624:With a roar, Houstonians ring in Chinese New Year
1345:
1343:
2149:website, accessible with a library card and PIN.
1726:New Taiwan-Houston flight launches on unique jet
1613:. January 8, 2008. Retrieved on August 11, 2011.
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1474:
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1359:. January 15, 2013. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.
357:Prior to the 1950s most Chinese in Houston were
2390:Chinese American Doctors Association of Houston
2206:
2204:
1837:. October 2, 2002. Retrieved on April 22, 2013.
1801:. May 12, 2004. Retrieved on December 11, 2013.
1791:CI To Inaugurate Taipei-Seattle-Houston Service
1758:. June 19, 2015. Retrieved on October 25, 2015.
1734:. June 19, 2015. Retrieved on October 25, 2015.
1681:
1679:
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803:, including those who originated from Vietnam.
261:moved into an area in the southeastern edge of
2180:. February 27, 2003. Retrieved on May 3, 2014.
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
1886:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Houston
1829:Survey provides insight into Chinese community
506:Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Houston
481:resident Edward King Tung (E. K. T.) Chen and
2728:Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885
2416:
1766:
1764:
1328:, January 1, 2000. 0742503909, 9780742503908.
146:
8:
3311:Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
1605:Branding Chinatown: Neighborhood transforms
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2638:
2516:
2423:
2409:
2401:
2341:West Houston Chinese Church (曉士頓西區中國教會) -
1818:. July 4, 2007. Retrieved on July 8, 2016.
1434:
1432:
1430:
1055:History of Vietnamese Americans in Houston
153:
139:
15:
2396:Archives of the Southwest Chinese Journal
2229:, accessible with a library card and PIN.
1812:Houston International Airport Bus Service
1460:Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 349 (PDF p. 6/27).
1424:Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 345 (PDF p. 2/27).
1401:Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 348 (PDF p. 5/27).
1103:"Asian Americans: Expanding Our Horizons"
583:A Taiwanese Community Center, run by the
2105:
2103:
453:once served ethnic Chinese Houstonians.
166:
2684:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
2283:. p. 1-3. Retrieved on August 18, 2015.
1943:Welcome to the Chinese Community Center
1339:
1101:Chen, Edward C. M.; Debbie Z. Harwell.
788:Dézhōu Cháozhōu Huìguǎn Běntóu Gōngmiào
708:racial segregation in the United States
561:Xiūshìdùn Zhōnghuá Wénhuà Fúwù Zhōngxīn
23:
3331:Chinese Staff and Workers' Association
2370:Chinese American Petroleum Association
1221:
1210:
1188:
1177:
1155:
1144:
1122:
1111:
600:On Leong Chinese Merchants Association
477:testified against the bill: they were
3291:List of Chinese American associations
3258:Chinese Historical Society of America
1713:Consulate-General of China in Houston
1538:
1536:
1092:Center for Public History. Fall 2015.
388:Consulate-General of China in Houston
250:Chinese could not gain entrance into
7:
3459:Chinese-American history by location
2273:Wong, Martha Wong transcript, 2 of 2
2220:Record: 3159522. Available from the
1669:Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 354 (11/27).
1296:Kinder Institute for Urban Research
1286:Klineberg, Stephen L. and Jie Wu. "
538:The Chinese Community Center (CCC,
3296:Chinese American Citizens Alliance
2216:. August 21, 1999. Religion p. 1.
2062:. Retrieved on September 18, 2014.
1660:Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 350 (7/27).
819:) is a Buddhist Temple located in
607:Chinese American Citizens Alliance
512:(Republic of China) is located in
14:
3449:Chinese-American culture in Texas
3434:Asian-American culture in Houston
3346:Organization of Chinese Americans
2318:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
2172:Guandi Temple celebrates New Year
1492:Cook, Allison. "The Grand Tour."
962:(黃柏鈞) Chinese-American Movie Star
773:Ascension Chinese Mission (美華天主堂)
415:started a flight from Houston to
3454:Chinese-American culture by city
2771:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
1932:. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.
1136:"An American Chinese in Houston"
1034:
1020:
1006:
940:(Houston City Council member) -
879:southwest Houston Chinatown area
729:
322:began development in the 1980s.
226:, some Chinese moved from rural
2338:Harris County block book maps:
949:(Kevin Wu) - Comedian and actor
3336:Chinese for Affirmative Action
3263:Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum
2382:
2377:
2373:
2039:An American Chinese in Houston
1949:. Retrieved on March 11, 2009.
1914:. Retrieved on March 11, 2009.
1888:. Retrieved on March 11, 2009.
1715:. Retrieved on April 21, 2013.
1528:An American Chinese in Houston
1242:Texas A&M University Press
993:Texas House of Representatives
873:
868:
864:
840:
835:
831:
815:
787:
782:
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614:Houston Asian American Archive
585:Taiwanese American Association
560:
551:
543:
383:
314:. This shifted to what is the
259:Chinese Merchants' Association
1:
3321:Chinese Society Halls on Maui
2764:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
2227:website's newspaper databases
2002:Vaughn, Daniel (2019-08-26).
830:temple, Texas Guandi Temple (
572:affiliate, is located in the
386:), the consul general of the
3242:Museum of Chinese in America
911:The Ethnic Groups in Houston
247:Chinese Communist Revolution
2383:Měiguó Huárén Shíyóu Xiéhuì
2245:. Ascension Chinese Mission
777:The Texas Teo Chew Temple (
433:Southwest Houston Chinatown
3475:
3253:Chinese American Museum DC
2715:San Francisco riot of 1877
1565:Sewing, Joy (2022-05-01).
816:Fó Guāng Shān Zhōng Měi Sì
525:People's Republic of China
3408:List of Chinese Americans
3377:United International Bank
2814:
2810:
2705:1867 Chinese Labor Strike
968:Chinese-American Pop Star
810:
605:The Houston Lodge of the
451:Southwest Chinese Journal
209:1880 United States Census
187:American Community Survey
3439:Ethnic groups in Houston
3306:Chinese Community Centre
3176:American Chinese cuisine
3052:Providence, Rhode Island
2710:Chinese massacre of 1871
2649:Anti-Chinese legislation
2499:Chinese American history
2365:Chinese Community Center
2198:Tomkins-Walsh, p. 37-38.
2116:San Antonio Express-News
2028:Klineberg and Wu, p. 39.
1947:Chinese Community Center
1731:Houston Business Journal
1694:Klineberg and Wu, p. 37.
1685:Klineberg and Wu, p. 12.
1326:Rowman & Littlefield
1259:Journal of Urban Affairs
535:, from 1979 until 2020.
472:There was a bill in the
3301:Chinese American church
3247:Chinese American Museum
3084:San Francisco Chinatown
2782:Killing of Vincent Chin
2669:Immigration Act of 1924
2432:Chinese American topics
1594:Chen and Harwell, p. 5.
1410:Chen and Harwell, p. 3.
1200:Tomkins-Walsh, Teresa.
1050:Demographics of Houston
626:Woodson Research Center
257:In the early 1950s the
204:Daily Houston Telegraph
3184:American Chinese films
2962:Montville, Connecticut
2788:Killing of Akai Gurley
2147:Houston Public Library
2060:International District
1756:Houston Airport System
1379:Rodriguez, Nestor, p.
1220:Cite journal requires
1187:Cite journal requires
1154:Cite journal requires
1121:Cite journal requires
796:
774:
766:
501:
378:to Houston. Xu Erwen (
182:
2757:Hells Canyon Massacre
2733:Rock Springs massacre
2659:Chinese Exclusion Act
2451:American-born Chinese
2281:University of Houston
2262:Chew, Jessica, p. 24.
2189:Tomkins-Walsh, p. 37.
2161:Tomkins-Walsh, p. 36.
2071:Tomkins-Walsh, p. 38.
1641:Zheng, Chunhua Zen. "
1480:Chew, Jessica, p. 23.
1234:Brady, Marilyn Dell.
1090:University of Houston
799:) is operated by the
772:
765:Texas Teo Chew Temple
764:
716:University of Houston
616:, founded in 2010 by
496:
216:Chinese Exclusion Act
170:
44:Hispanics and Latinos
3382:Global Commerce Bank
3356:Hip Sing Association
2744:Seattle riot of 1886
2037:Chen, Edward C. M.,
1526:Chen, Edward C. M.,
1500:Emmis Communications
1313:, October 18, 2000.
1060:MetroCorp Bancshares
1042:United States portal
932:Houston City Council
874:Měi Huà Tiānzhǔ Táng
689:Houston City Council
300:Houston City Council
252:professional schools
25:Ethnicity in Houston
3326:Ying On Association
3226:Chinatown bus lines
3218:Confucius Institute
3142:Rockville, Maryland
3130:Spokane, Washington
2739:Tacoma riot of 1885
2481:Hyphenated American
2476:Hong Kong Americans
1544:Chinatown no longer
1134:Chen, Edward C. M.
922:Notable individuals
916:Fred von der Mehden
624:, is housed at the
568:organization and a
540:traditional Chinese
444:Southern News Group
19:Part of a series on
3444:History of Houston
3149:Winnemucca, Nevada
2941:San Gabriel Valley
2860:West Argyle Street
2750:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
2615:Washington State (
2135:Martin, Betty L. "
2087:2009-12-26 at the
1958:Rodriguez, Lori. "
1904:2009-02-27 at the
1880:2011-10-03 at the
1770:Hensel, Bill Jr. "
1750:2015-09-29 at the
1622:Mendoza, Moises. "
1542:Moreno, Jenalia. "
1272:10.1111/juaf.12212
841:Dézhōu Guāndì Miào
809:Chung Mei Temple (
775:
767:
741:. You can help by
681:and independents.
591:and ROC President
574:Bellaire Chinatown
548:simplified Chinese
502:
485:resident Rose Wu.
397:began services to
298:, a member of the
183:
176:Bellaire Boulevard
3421:
3420:
3192:Chinaman's chance
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3094:Richmond District
3078:San Francisco Bay
2955:North Miami Beach
2929:Locke, California
2882:Dallas-Fort Worth
2797:
2796:
2626:
2625:
2604:Dallas-Fort Worth
2574:Mississippi Delta
2446:Chinese Americans
2299:Houston Chronicle
2223:Houston Chronicle
2213:Houston Chronicle
2177:Houston Chronicle
2142:Houston Chronicle
1965:Houston Chronicle
1834:Houston Chronicle
1777:Houston Chronicle
1648:Houston Chronicle
1629:Houston Chronicle
1610:Houston Chronicle
1572:Houston Chronicle
1549:Houston Chronicle
1356:Houston Chronicle
1321:, 9780759117129.
1096:Table of contents
981:from 2002 to 2011
759:
758:
352:Montgomery County
288:Houston Chronicle
280:Houston Chinatown
265:in what is today
180:Southwest Houston
163:
162:
99:
92:
85:
78:
71:
59:
57:Central Americans
52:
34:African Americans
3466:
3341:Committee of 100
3268:Wing Luke Museum
3136:Washington, D.C.
3047:Portland, Oregon
2812:
2808:
2776:Bellingham riots
2689:China Initiative
2639:
2517:
2461:Fuzhou Americans
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2292:Quiroz, Erica. "
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1349:Collier, Kiah. "
1347:
1302:. February 2013.
1283:
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675:Republican Party
656:The barbecue at
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500:(closed in 2020)
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348:Fort Bend County
312:Downtown Houston
263:Downtown Houston
224:Great Depression
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3042:Portland, Maine
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2654:Anti-Coolie Act
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2558:Massachusetts (
2515:
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2471:Hoklo Americans
2466:Hakka Americans
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2309:Further reading
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1167:Chew, Jessica.
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1081:Houston History
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991:(member of the
979:Houston Rockets
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942:Houston Heights
924:
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821:Stafford, Texas
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749:
746:
739:needs expansion
724:
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658:Blood Bros. BBQ
649:There has been
647:
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630:Fondren Library
622:Rice University
618:Dr Anne S. Chao
578:English classes
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1863:. 13 May 2020.
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1816:China Airlines
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1705:许尔文总领事会见波多黎各总督
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2679:Magnuson Act
2632:Anti-Chinese
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2247:. Retrieved
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2013:. Retrieved
2007:
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1493:
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1180:cite journal
1147:cite journal
1114:cite journal
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1028:Texas portal
1014:China portal
914:, edited by
909:
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797:Chùa Ông Bổn
786:
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743:adding to it
738:
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671:
655:
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639:
611:
604:
597:
593:Tsai Ing-Wen
582:
559:
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489:Institutions
474:Texas Senate
471:
467:
455:
450:
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419:stopping in
410:
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369:
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329:
326:Demographics
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274:
271:
256:
243:World War II
240:
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184:
164:
68:
3372:Cathay Bank
3188:Terminology
2986:New Orleans
2935:Los Angeles
2642:Legislation
2594:Puerto Rico
2530:Los Angeles
2526:California
2520:by location
2325:(1): 1–36.
2009:Bon Appétit
977:played for
956: [
953:Denny Huang
938:Martha Wong
928:Gordon Quan
858:Lord Brahma
693:Martha Wong
552:休士顿中华文化服务中心
544:休士頓中華文化服務中心
483:San Antonio
296:Gordon Quan
228:Mississippi
222:During the
3428:Categories
3030:Pittsburgh
2968:New Jersey
2888:Richardson
2803:Chinatowns
2586:New York (
2579:Missouri (
2565:Michigan (
2551:Illinois (
2249:2020-06-02
2243:"About Us"
2015:2020-12-22
1875:Contact Us
1578:2022-10-23
1438:Brady, p.
1319:0759117128
1250:1585443123
1066:References
904:Literature
885:Recreation
854:Fifth Ward
793:Vietnamese
783:德州潮州会馆本头公庙
779:德州潮州會館本頭公廟
570:United Way
520:district.
429:Sugar Land
97:Vietnamese
90:Pakistanis
3209:Education
3205:Love boat
3197:Jook-sing
3072:San Diego
3062:St. Louis
2998:Manhattan
2924:Las Vegas
2868:Cleveland
2829:Baltimore
2674:Cable Act
2664:Geary Act
2581:St. Louis
1911:Westchase
1280:153384878
966:Cindy Yen
699:Education
679:Democrats
589:Hubert Vo
566:501(c)(3)
518:Westchase
372:Air China
344:Hong Kong
306:Geography
172:Chinatown
3104:San Jose
3003:Brooklyn
2905:Honolulu
2874:Asiatown
2542:Colorado
2378:美国华人石油协会
2374:美國華人石油協會
2331:30238491
2277:PDF file
2218:NewsBank
2085:Archived
2082:About US
1902:Archived
1878:Archived
1748:Archived
1244:, 2004.
1207:: 36–39.
1174:: 21–24.
1000:See also
975:Yao Ming
947:KevJumba
722:Religion
668:Politics
662:Bellaire
651:Viet Hoa
636:Language
533:Montrose
456:By 2020
411:In 2004
393:In 2015
370:In 2013
294:In 2001
76:Japanese
50:Mexicans
3235:Museums
3166:Culture
3118:Seattle
3089:Oakland
3025:Phoenix
2949:Florida
2911:Houston
2900:Detroit
2854:Chicago
2819:Atlanta
2617:Seattle
2609:Houston
2567:Detroit
2553:Chicago
2491:History
2392:(CADAH)
2372:(CAPA,
2056:Archive
2041:, p. 7.
1795:Archive
1709:Archive
1530:, p. 8.
1292:Archive
1141:: 7–11.
989:Gene Wu
934:member)
850:Guan Yu
705:de jure
645:Cuisine
479:Houston
464:Economy
425:Houston
421:Seattle
395:EVA Air
380:Chinese
376:Beijing
197:History
103:Germans
83:Koreans
69:Chinese
3392:Others
3201:Events
3123:Tacoma
3008:Queens
2979:Newark
2974:Edison
2895:Denver
2846:Quincy
2840:Boston
2824:Austin
2790:(2016)
2784:(1982)
2778:(1907)
2767:(1898)
2759:(1887)
2753:(1886)
2735:(1885)
2724:(1884)
2698:Events
2560:Boston
2547:Hawaii
2329:
1317:
1278:
1248:
1108:: 2–6.
828:Taoist
811:佛光山中美寺
558::
556:pinyin
550::
542::
510:Taiwan
458:WeChat
417:Taipei
399:Taipei
382::
342:, and
340:Taiwan
63:Asians
39:Czechs
3401:Lists
3365:Banks
2834:Boise
2599:Texas
2327:JSTOR
1335:Notes
1276:S2CID
1205:(PDF)
1172:(PDF)
1139:(PDF)
1106:(PDF)
1088:(1).
1076:(PDF)
960:]
869:美华天主堂
865:美華天主堂
836:德州关帝庙
832:德州關帝廟
439:Media
113:Poles
3180:Film
3172:Food
2354:Chen
2345:and
1924:Home
1793:." (
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1315:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1226:help
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1160:help
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108:Jews
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