39:
121:
pointing to the fact that pledges of voluntary assistance had been obtained. Wedgwood quickly obtained the signatures of more than 200 MPs. On 17 July 414 had signed, together with a number of members of the House of Lords, and a delegation saw Prime
Minister Baldwin who was again wary of the cost; the delegation insisted that the question of publication need not be considered until the availability of material was assessed. Baldwin agreed to take the matter under consideration. The result of the pressure was that Baldwin announced in December (by which time 512 MPs were on board) that the Government agreed to appoint a Select Committee to report on materials available to write such a history.
31:
232:, Linda Clark and Carole Rawcliffe were jointly responsible for the section covering 1386–1421. By the mid-1990s many libraries and users of the History were struggling to cope with the 23 large volumes, and there had been new historical discoveries leading to revisions in the biographies of some Members included in previous volumes. In 1998 the History arranged for the republication, with corrections and revisions and some additional images, of all previous sections on a single
208:
results of elections and explained the influences at work. Volumes two and three gave biographies of each of the 1,964 men who sat in
Parliament at any point in the period; where the Members concerned had served before the period or continued serving after, the biographies covered solely their activities within the period; they also concentrated entirely on Parliamentary activity and mentioned the other lives of Members only briefly.
93:, an incomplete list of the name of every member elected to serve in lower houses of parliaments in the United Kingdom and predecessor states, gave a useful source on which Victorian historians could build, and there were several publications which identified and gave some biographical and genealogical details of the Members of Parliament for certain constituencies. Among those writing histories was
224:, and it was published in 1981. Professor S. T. Bindoff's section for 1509–1558 was published in 1982 shortly after his death in December 1980; Bindoff's death meant he was unable to write the usual introductory survey volume and the section appeared without it. In 1983, Basil Duke Henning's section on the History of Parliament in 1660–1690 was published.
177:, in the History of Parliament Trust's 2006 annual lecture on 21 November 2006, noted that while Wedgwood and Namier are predominantly responsible for the foundation of the History, they were quite contrasting characters (Wedgwood a gregarious and high-spirited English aristocrat of advanced Liberal views,
129:
and gave a guide to the information available. The project then ran into funding difficulties given the economic situation in the 1930s, and no future reports were issued by the
Committee. Wedgwood then undertook fundraising and worked with a small group of assistants, completing in 1936 and 1938 two
120:
urging him to appoint a committee to prepare a complete record of the personnel of every parliament since 1264. The memorial noted that the
Official Return was incomplete and inaccurate, and contained no information beyond a list of names; it attempted to head off Treasury objections to the cost, by
124:
The committee so formed in March 1929 included academics as well as politicians, and it soon became riven by ferocious differences about the nature of the project with
Wedgwood's romanticism alienating most of the historians. The interim report of the Committee, covering 1264 to 1832, was published
198:
Once the
History of Parliament Trust started looking into the scope of its work, it quite rapidly realised the enormity of the task before it. Namier was critical of the quality of Wedgwood's work and so his period of 1439–1509 was included to be rewritten from the start. The History was initially
252:
The
History of Parliament Trust previously estimated that the 1640–1660 edition edited by Stephen Roberts would be published in 2016. This has since been revised to 2020. The period 1422–1504, under the direction of Linda Clark, will be published in two sections split in 1461, the first of these
190:: as a romantic story of the spread of freedom and liberty to people of all backgrounds. Namier regarded such views as fashionable nonsense and was especially interested in the personalities of Parliament; he obsessed over the single question of why its members had decided to go into Parliament.
207:
The format of the first three volume set established the standard for all others. It began with an introductory survey (written by Brooke) which explained the period and provided some statistical analysis of the
Members as a whole. There followed articles about each constituency which gave the
227:
The next section to appear was that for 1790–1820, which had originally been the work of
Professor Arthur Aspinall before his death in 1972, and had been taken over by R. G. Thorne afterwards up to publication in 1986. Six years passed before the next section appeared, being the first volumes
203:
to write biographies of eighteenth-century
Members of Parliament, with three paid assistants and other volunteers. Although Namier died in 1960, the first volumes of the History to be published in April 1964 carried his name along with that of his colleague John Brooke and covered the years
185:
who was joyless and a strong Tory). Despite working together on the Committee on House of Commons Personnel and Politics, they had quite different inspirations to take up the subject of parliamentary history. Wedgwood looked on the history of Parliament as a member of the classic
220:. Although the twenty-year agreement with the Treasury expired in 1971, funding was continued, and work continued through the 1970s. The early 1980s saw three sections completed. Peter Hasler had taken over the section dealing with 1558–1603 after the death of Professor
333:
The primary source material for Parliament's activities were needed for the History and in the 21st century the History has been keen to digitise them for its own use and for access by others. The History of Parliament has a joint project with the
325:. The introductory surveys to the 1558–1603 and 1660–1690 sections were criticised for being too brief. However, the more recent publications of 1790–1820, 1386–1421 and 1690–1715 (which have been longer) have been widely praised.
243:
and Stuart Handley completed their work on the period 1690–1715 in 2002, the seven-volume History of Parliament 1820–1832 was published in December 2009, and a seven volume set covering the period 1422–1461 was published in 2020.
307:) described the books as "magnificent", but some reviewers were animated by their own feuds with Namier and felt that the books had been limited by their determination to profile MPs individually rather than collectively.
69:, in which the history of an institution is told through the individual biographies of its members. After various amateur efforts the project was formally launched in 1940 and since 1951 has been funded by the
346:
of the House of Commons and House of Lords, together with other material relating to British history. An 'electronic history of the House of Lords' is an integral part of the research into its history.
265:
to produce a comprehensive account of its history. The first five-volume set (an introductory volume and four volumes of biographies), covering the period 1660–1832, was published in 2016.
77:
for the periods 1386–1421, 1509–1629, and 1660–1832 have been completed and published (in 41 separate volumes containing over 20 million words); and the first five volumes covering the
317:
that the books were not a history but undigested raw material for one, and that many of the MPs profiled were of no importance in their own day. The 1715–1754 section was praised by
321:, who wrote of "Cruickshanks' pioneering work on the Tories" that demonstrated that the Tory party survived well into the eighteenth century and was heavily involved in
102:
38:
1182:
81:
from 1660 to 1715 have been published, with further work on the Commons and the Lords ongoing. In 2011 the completed sections were republished on the internet.
853:"Members of Parliament. Return to two orders of the Honourable The House of Commons dated 4 May 1876 and 9 March 1877." Two parts, each plus associated index.
361:
was published in six volumes by the Ulster Historical Foundation, after several decades of intermittent work with occasional public funding. Focused on the
1224:
1108:
Johnston, Edith Mary (1989). "Managing an Inheritance: Colonel J. C. Wedgwood, the "History of Parliament" and the Lost History of the Irish Parliament".
199:
divided into 15 sections, but by 1956 even this was impossible and they were reduced to six. For a decade, Namier himself worked nine hours a day at the
1334:
161:. The initial grant was for not more than £17,000 a year, and for 20 years, during which it was hoped that the whole period could be completed. Sir
1046:
383:
74:
116:
In 1928, Wedgwood decided to take the subject further. Together with other MPs who were interested in the subject, he wrote a memorial to the
30:
1329:
106:
1028:
809:
135:
94:
357:
ancillary to the British project. This was abandoned in 1936 due to lack of funds, though some work was later done at the IHR. In 2002
993:
875:
335:
278:
200:
216:
The next volume to appear after 1754–1790 was the preceding period, 1715–1754, published in two volumes in 1970 and edited by
1324:
350:
The History of Parliament also sponsors an annual lecture given on a topic relating to its work by an academic historian.
299:
182:
253:
sections was published in 2020. Work on the period since 1832 began only in 2009, under the direction of Philip Salmon.
871:
339:
149:
and Wedgwood's death in 1943 meant that the project went into abeyance. At the end of the war, strenuous lobbying by
58:
54:
928:
834:
741:
282:
158:
1274:
1216:
687:
658:
631:
611:
578:
517:
494:
471:
402:
1256:
705:
Vol.3: Constituencies, part II: England, Staffordshire–Yorkshire and Cinque Ports, Wales, Scotland, Ireland
362:
187:
781:
Additionally, the Trust has produced the following book, taking a different format to the above volumes:
1238:
354:
261:
The History had not originally looked at the House of Lords, but in April 1999 launched a project under
62:
42:
The History of Parliament at the University of London School of Advanced Study History Day, October 2017
463:
1068:
777:
In preparation, under the direction of Robin Eagles, will be published in two sections, split in 1790.
1072:
588:
555:
366:
286:
240:
98:
988:
Sir Lewis Namier, John Brooke, "The History of Parliament 1754–1790", 3 vols, Secker & Warburg,
428:
1135:
Kelly, James (November 2002). "Review: The Irish Representative System in the Eighteenth Century:
134:. He took advantage of the one remaining offer of government help and the books were published by
1164:
1156:
1117:
343:
1306:
157:
to provide funding for the History of Parliament Trust. Namier was Professor of History at the
989:
1148:
146:
17:
308:
217:
174:
126:
117:
944:"Interim Report of the Committee on House of Commons Personnel and Politics, 1264–1832",
552:
In preparation, under the direction of David Scott, Vivienne Larmine and Stephen Roberts.
145:
was established to foster future volumes and arrange for their publication. However, the
1095:
Revolution and Rebellion. State and Society in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
1006:
803:
318:
304:
78:
1318:
1168:
945:
791:
Honour, Interest & Power: An Illustrated History of the House of Lords, 1660–1715
229:
162:
66:
786:
641:
313:
178:
153:
who had been a member of the 1930s committee succeeded in getting agreement by the
150:
1110:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature
1137:
History of the Irish Parliament, 1692-1800: Commons, Constituencies and Statutes
221:
154:
70:
1152:
747:
587:, 5 vols (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002). See also biography of
322:
262:
353:
In 1934, a committee of Irish historians was formed to plan a history of the
1300:
975:
David Cannadine, "The History of Parliament: Past, Present – and Future?",
1160:
1121:
390:
The Story of Parliament: Celebrating 750 Years of Parliament in Britain
239:
In the 21st century there were three sections published: David Hayton,
50:
725:
In preparation, under the direction of Philip Salmon and Kathryn Rix.
640:, 3 vols (Secker & Warburg, London, 1964). See also biography of
297:
The first appearance of the History in 1964 occasioned many reviews.
233:
822:
Vol.2: Register of the Ministers and of the Members of both Houses.
623:
Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices, constituencies, members A–D
567:
Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices, constituencies, members A–B
506:
Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices, constituencies, Members A–C
1307:
Parliamentary Archives, Records of the History of Parliament Trust
37:
29:
1295:
702:
Vol.2: Constituencies, part I: England, Bedfordshire–Somerset
583:
eds. Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley and David Hayton,
816:, 2 vols (His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1936-8)
798:
Earlier (pre-Trust) versions of the History of Parliament
620:, 2 vols (His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1970)
125:
in September 1932 in the run-up to the centenary of the
754:, 5 vols (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016)
696:, 7 vols (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009)
526:, 6 vols (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010)
819:
Vol.1: Biographies of the Members of the Commons House
647:
Vol.1: Introductory survey, constituencies, appendices
468:
In preparation, under the direction of Hannes Kleineke
414:
Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices, constituencies
971:
969:
967:
228:covering Parliament in the Middle Ages. Professor
165:became the first chairman of the editorial board.
407:ed. J.S. Roskell, Linda Clark, Carole Rawcliffe,
769:Vol.5: Bishops and Scottish Representative Peers
667:, 5 vols (Secker & Warburg, London, 1986)
503:, 3 vols (Secker & Warburg, London, 1981)
480:, 3 vols (Secker & Warburg, London, 1982)
359:The History of the Irish Parliament 1692–1800
8:
564:, 3 vols (Secker and Warburg, London, 1983)
437:, 7 vols (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
392:(History of Parliament Trust, London, 2015).
65:. The history will principally consist of a
1183:"History of the Irish Parliament 1692-1800"
1097:. Cambridge University Press. p. 153.
957:"History Of Parliament Editorial Board",
865:
863:
861:
859:
1303:(the full text of the published History)
91:Official Return of Members of Parliament
935:Vol 84 Issue 224, pp 328–355, May 2011.
846:
522:eds. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris,
311:was the most quoted critic, writing in
73:. As of 2019, the volumes covering the
699:Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices
594:Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices
529:Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices
440:Vol.1: Introductory survey, appendices
329:Other work associated with the history
109:. In 1918–1922 Wedgwood published the
1227:from the original on 18 January 2024.
411:, 4 vols (Alan Sutton, Stroud, 1992)
7:
1069:"IHR - History of Parliament Online"
814:The History of Parliament, 1439–1509
793:(Boydell & Brewer, London, 2010)
738:under the direction of Andrew Thrush
275:History of Parliament Online website
929:Colonel Wedgwood and the historians
636:eds. Lewis Namier and John Brooke,
369:, it was published online in 2006.
132:The History of Parliament 1439–1509
111:Staffordshire Parliamentary History
483:Vol.1: Constituencies, members A–C
89:The publication in 1878–79 of the
25:
49:is a project to write a complete
1335:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1029:"The House of Commons 1422–1461"
876:Institute of Historical Research
336:Institute of Historical Research
279:Institute of Historical Research
201:Institute of Historical Research
1047:"The House of Lords, 1660–1715"
694:The House of Commons, 1820–1832
665:The House of Commons, 1790–1820
638:The House of Commons, 1754–1790
618:The House of Commons, 1715–1754
585:The House of Commons, 1690–1715
562:The House of Commons, 1660–1690
524:The House of Commons, 1604–1629
501:The House of Commons, 1558–1603
478:The House of Commons, 1509–1558
435:The House of Commons, 1422–1461
409:The House of Commons, 1386–1421
136:His Majesty's Stationery Office
1139:by Edith Mary Johnston-Liik".
1:
1009:. History of Parliament Trust
752:The House of Lords, 1660–1715
378:Short histories of Parliament
300:The Times Literary Supplement
34:History of Parliament volumes
1301:History of Parliament online
1279:History of Parliament Online
1261:History of Parliament Online
1243:History of Parliament Online
1221:History of Parliament Online
1187:Ulster Historical Foundation
1049:. Cambridge University Press
979:, Vol 26, 2007, pp. 366–386.
544:Vol.6: Members R–Y, appendix
269:History of Parliament Online
18:History of Parliament Online
1330:Parliament of Great Britain
1296:History of Parliament Trust
872:"The History of Parliament"
340:Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
143:History of Parliament Trust
59:Parliament of Great Britain
1351:
1033:Cambridge University Press
901:"A Record Of Parliament",
757:Vol.1: Introductory survey
670:Vol.1: Introductory survey
57:and its predecessors, the
27:Project to write a history
1153:10.1017/S0021121400015704
918:, 19 December 1928, p. 6.
355:pre-1801 Irish Parliament
303:review (anonymous but by
55:United Kingdom Parliament
47:The History of Parliament
1206:As printed on title page
1141:Irish Historical Studies
1093:Clark, J. C. D. (1986).
835:Parliament in the Making
342:, to digitise the early
283:School of Advanced Study
159:University of Manchester
1007:"The Commons 1820–1832"
363:Irish House of Commons
248:Volumes in preparation
188:Whig school of history
43:
35:
1325:Parliament of England
977:Parliamentary History
961:, 14 July 1951, p. 4.
905:, 18 July 1928, p. 8.
892:, 19 May 1928, p. 14.
673:Vol.2: Constituencies
616:ed. Romney Sedgwick,
597:Vol.2: Constituencies
532:Vol.2: Constituencies
443:Vol.2: Constituencies
338:(IHR), funded by the
63:Parliament of England
41:
33:
1073:University of London
589:Eveline Cruickshanks
373:List of publications
367:Irish House of Lords
287:University of London
277:is a project of the
241:Eveline Cruickshanks
103:Newcastle-under-Lyme
99:Member of Parliament
1239:"Commons 1832-1868"
1217:"Members 1640-1660"
933:Historical Research
888:"Political Notes",
560:ed. B. D. Henning,
476:ed. S. T. Bindoff,
927:See D. W. Hayton,
717:Vol.7: Members S–Y
714:Vol.6: Members L–R
711:Vol.5: Members E–K
708:Vol.4: Members A–D
692:ed. D. R. Fisher,
682:Vol.5: Members Q–Y
679:Vol.4: Members G–P
676:Vol.3: Members A–F
663:ed. R. G. Thorne,
653:Vol.3: Members K–Y
650:Vol.2: Members A–J
626:Vol.2: Members E–Y
606:Vol.5: Members O–Y
603:Vol.4: Members G–N
600:Vol.3: Members A–F
573:Vol.3: Members M–Y
570:Vol.2: Members C–L
541:Vol.5: Members K–Q
538:Vol.4: Members D–J
535:Vol.3: Members A–C
512:Vol.3: Members L–Z
509:Vol.2: Members D–L
499:ed. P. W. Hasler,
489:Vol.3: Members N–Z
486:Vol.2: Members D–M
458:Vol.7: Members T–Z
455:Vol.6: Members P–S
452:Vol.5: Members I–O
449:Vol.4: Members D–H
446:Vol.3: Members A–C
423:Vol.4: Members P–Z
420:Vol.3: Members E–O
417:Vol.2: Members A–D
388:ed. Paul Seaward,
97:, who was himself
44:
36:
1257:"Lords 1604-1629"
212:Volumes published
130:volumes entitled
16:(Redirected from
1342:
1283:
1282:
1275:"Lord 1660-1832"
1271:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1147:(130): 233–245.
1132:
1126:
1125:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1003:
997:
986:
980:
973:
962:
955:
949:
942:
936:
925:
919:
912:
906:
899:
893:
886:
880:
879:
867:
854:
851:
766:Vol.4: Peers O-Y
763:Vol.3: Peers G-N
760:Vol.2: Peers A-F
433:ed. Linda Clark
397:House of Commons
365:rather than the
147:Second World War
75:House of Commons
21:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1000:
987:
983:
974:
965:
956:
952:
943:
939:
926:
922:
913:
909:
900:
896:
887:
883:
869:
868:
857:
852:
848:
843:
831:
810:Josiah Wedgwood
800:
785:Ruth Paley and
732:
399:
380:
375:
331:
309:A. J. P. Taylor
295:
271:
259:
250:
218:Romney Sedgwick
214:
196:
175:David Cannadine
171:
95:Josiah Wedgwood
87:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1348:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1290:External links
1288:
1285:
1284:
1266:
1248:
1230:
1208:
1199:
1174:
1127:
1100:
1085:
1060:
1038:
1020:
998:
981:
963:
950:
937:
920:
914:"Parliament",
907:
894:
881:
870:Paul Seaward.
855:
845:
844:
842:
839:
838:
837:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:
820:
799:
796:
795:
794:
779:
778:
772:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
739:
731:
730:House of Lords
728:
727:
726:
720:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
685:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
656:
655:
654:
651:
648:
629:
628:
627:
624:
609:
608:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
576:
575:
574:
571:
568:
553:
547:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
515:
514:
513:
510:
507:
492:
491:
490:
487:
484:
469:
461:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
426:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
398:
395:
394:
393:
379:
376:
374:
371:
330:
327:
319:J. C. D. Clark
305:J. P. Carswell
294:
291:
270:
267:
258:
257:House of Lords
255:
249:
246:
213:
210:
195:
192:
173:The historian
170:
167:
118:Prime Minister
86:
83:
79:House of Lords
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1347:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1008:
1002:
999:
995:
994:0-436-30420-1
991:
985:
982:
978:
972:
970:
968:
964:
960:
954:
951:
947:
941:
938:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
877:
873:
866:
864:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
821:
818:
817:
815:
811:
807:
806:
802:
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
783:
782:
776:
773:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
753:
749:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
724:
721:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
697:
695:
691:
690:
686:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
668:
666:
662:
661:
657:
652:
649:
646:
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:
630:
625:
622:
621:
619:
615:
614:
610:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
590:
586:
582:
581:
577:
572:
569:
566:
565:
563:
559:
558:
554:
551:
548:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
525:
521:
520:
516:
511:
508:
505:
504:
502:
498:
497:
493:
488:
485:
482:
481:
479:
475:
474:
470:
467:
466:
462:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
438:
436:
432:
431:
427:
422:
419:
416:
413:
412:
410:
406:
405:
401:
400:
396:
391:
387:
386:
382:
381:
377:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
348:
345:
341:
337:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
301:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
268:
266:
264:
256:
254:
247:
245:
242:
237:
235:
231:
230:J. S. Roskell
225:
223:
219:
211:
209:
205:
202:
193:
191:
189:
184:
180:
176:
168:
166:
164:
163:Frank Stenton
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:In 1940, the
139:
137:
133:
128:
122:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:prosopography
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
32:
19:
1311:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
1177:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1001:
984:
976:
958:
953:
940:
932:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
889:
884:
849:
813:
804:
790:
787:Paul Seaward
780:
774:
751:
742:
735:
722:
693:
688:
664:
659:
642:Lewis Namier
637:
632:
617:
612:
584:
579:
561:
556:
549:
523:
518:
500:
495:
477:
472:
464:
434:
429:
408:
403:
389:
384:
358:
352:
349:
332:
314:The Observer
312:
298:
296:
274:
272:
260:
251:
238:
226:
215:
206:
197:
194:Organisation
172:
151:L. B. Namier
142:
140:
131:
123:
115:
110:
90:
88:
46:
45:
1116:: 167–186.
1013:11 December
222:J. E. Neale
204:1754–1790.
1319:Categories
1078:21 October
841:References
748:Ruth Paley
323:Jacobitism
263:Ruth Paley
183:Polish Jew
127:Reform Act
1169:163677207
959:The Times
916:The Times
903:The Times
890:The Times
805:1439–1509
775:1715–1832
743:1660–1715
736:1604-1629
723:1832–1868
689:1820–1832
660:1790–1820
633:1754–1790
613:1715–1754
580:1690–1715
557:1660–1690
550:1640–1660
519:1604–1629
496:1558–1603
473:1509–1558
465:1461–1504
430:1422–1461
404:1386–1421
385:1265–2015
293:Reception
1225:Archived
1161:30006942
1122:25516057
1053:17 April
829:See also
789:, eds.,
344:Journals
169:Approach
155:Treasury
71:Treasury
61:and the
1192:22 June
281:at the
85:History
53:of the
51:history
1167:
1159:
1120:
992:
234:CD-ROM
179:Namier
1165:S2CID
1157:JSTOR
1118:JSTOR
948:4130.
105:from
1194:2017
1080:2017
1055:2017
1015:2009
990:ISBN
946:Cmd.
808:ed.
746:ed.
273:The
107:1906
101:for
1149:doi
1114:89C
1321::
1277:.
1259:.
1241:.
1223:.
1219:.
1185:.
1163:.
1155:.
1145:33
1143:.
1112:.
1071:.
1031:.
966:^
931:,
874:.
858:^
812:,
750:,
644:.
591:.
289:.
285:,
236:.
181:a
138:.
113:.
1281:.
1263:.
1245:.
1196:.
1171:.
1151::
1124:.
1082:.
1057:.
1035:.
1017:.
996:.
878:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
