History of the Hudson River

348:. On his voyage, Verrazzano sailed north along the Atlantic seaboard, starting in the Carolinas. Verrazzano sailed all the way to New York Harbor, which he thought was the mouth of a major river. Verrazzano sailed his boat into the harbor, and possibly sailed over what is now Battery Park (Battery Park was created with landfill). However, Verrazzano never sailed up the Hudson River, and left the harbor shortly thereafter. A year later, Estevan Gomez, a Portuguese explorer sailing for Spain in search of the Northwest Passage visited New York Bay. The extent of his explorations in the bay is unknown. Yet as Charles H. Winfield has noted, as late as 1679, there was a tradition among the First Nations that the Spanish arrived before the Dutch, and that from them it was that the natives obtained the maize or Spanish wheat. Maps of that era based on Gomez's map labeled the coast from New Jersey to Rhode Island, as the "land of Estevan Gomez". 1231: 1215: 791: 684: 487:

often kept at a subsistence level so that the landlord could minimize his costs. They also held immense political power in the colony due to driving such a large proportion of the agricultural output. Meanwhile, land west of Hudson River contained smaller landholdings with many small farmers living off the land. A large crop grown in the region was grain, which was largely shipped downriver to New York City, the colony's main seaport, for export back to Great Britain. In order to export the grain, colonial merchants were given monopolies to grind the grain into flour and export it. Grain production was also at high levels in the Mohawk River Valley.

806:. For about a hundred years, various groups had sought to have a canal built between the Great Lakes and the Hudson River. This would link the frontier region of the United States to the Port of New York, a significant seaport during that time period as it is today. Construction of the canal began in 1817 and finished in 1825. Originally called "Clinton's Ditch", after NY Governor DeWitt Clinton, the canal proved to be a success, returning revenues of over $ 121 million after an initial construction cost of only $ 7 million. After the canal was built, freight could travel from many frontier cities, such as Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Cleveland, to 628:. Washington set up defensive positions in the hills around the village. When the British attacked, the British managed to break the Continental's defenses at Chatterton Hill, now known as Battle Hill. Once the British managed to reach the top of the hill, Washington was forced to retreat. The main positive for Washington after this battle was that he managed to avoid being enveloped by the British Army. Washington ordered his men to retreat across the Hudson River, eventually reaching New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Because Washington was able to preserve what was left of his army, this retreat would eventually lead to the 740:. This had the effect of preventing a British army from attacking the rear of the American troops during the Battle of Saratoga. Burgoyne expected Sir Henry Clinton, under the orders of General Howe, to aid him in the invasion by sailing up the Hudson River from the south. However, Howe's attack on Philadelphia diverted troops needed up in Saratoga. In addition, Washington prevented reinforcements from Howe's army from reaching Burgoyne. Meanwhile, Clinton's army was busy battling in the Hudson Highlands, as well as raiding villages in the Hudson Valley. As a result, Henry Clinton's fleet never reached Saratoga in time. 3479: 900: 510:, which was the first attempt to create a unified government. The plan included 7 of the English colonies in North America. The plan itself consisted of council with members selected by colonial governments. The British government would select a president-general to oversee the new legislative body. The new colonial body would deal with Colonial-Indian affairs as well as settle territorial disputes between colonies. Although this plan was never ratified by the colonial governments, the plan created a framework for later efforts to create 98: 613:, and other units to flank around the right side of the British and attack from the rear. The plan almost worked, but some of the Continental troops attacked too early, allowing the British to retreat and await reinforcements. Once those reinforcements began to arrive, Washington called off the attack. Although not a complete defeat of the British attacking force, the battle was nonetheless a Continental Army victory, the first of the war. This fact greatly enhanced troop morale. Washington would later retreat further north to 6119: 467: 748:(the NY State Capital at the time), but Clinton was forced to sail back to New York City in order to supply reinforcements after Howe's forces left to take Philadelphia. As a result, Burgoyne never received the assistance he needed. Burgoyne's army was now at roughly 6800 men and was surviving on reduced rations. On October 7, 1777, Burgoyne's army attempted to sweep around the American army in a last-ditch effort to escape from being surrounded, but an American counterattack led by General 605:, Upper Manhattan. After Washington's army retreated to the northern section of the Manhattan Island, British troops pursued his army. Washington was just finishing a report about the Battle of Long Island when the British began to advance on his position. Washington then counterattacked the British with a plan of his own. Washington ordered a feint in order to fix the British army into a favorable position. Once this was accomplished, Washington ordered Lieutenant Colonel 523: 659:. In the year 1777, Washington expected General Howe to sail his army north to Saratoga in order to meet up with General Burgoyne. This would result in the Hudson River being sealed off. However, Howe surprised Washington by sailing his army south to Philadelphia, conquering the Patriot capital. Washington was out of position and sought to defend Philadelphia, but to no avail. Meanwhile, Howe left 999: 454:. Stuyvesant attempted to establish a fort midway up the Hudson River. However, before that could be done, the British invaded New Netherland via the port of New Amsterdam. Given that the city of New Amsterdam was largely defenseless, Stuyvesant was forced to surrender the city and the colony to the British. New Amsterdam and the overall colony of New Netherland was renamed New York, after the 668:. The Continentals fought hard at the battle, but they were badly outnumbered and were fighting in unfinished forts. Washington's men were caught between defending Philadelphia and defending the Hudson Valley. In the end, the British took the fort, as well as taking Philadelphia around the same time. However, Clinton and his men returned to New York City soon afterward. 363:. During this attempt, Henry Hudson decided to sail his ship up the river that would later be named after him. As he continued up the river, its width expanded, into Haverstraw Bay, leading him to believe he had successfully reached the Northwest Passage. He docked his ship on the western shore of Haverstraw Bay and claimed the territory as the first 950:

the artists. In gathering the visual data for their paintings, the artists would travel to extraordinary and extreme environments, which generally had conditions that would not permit extended painting at the site. During these expeditions, the artists recorded sketches and memories, returning to their studios to paint the finished works later.

1130:), on the river in Sleepy Hollow, was a large and notable example. The river links to the Erie Canal and Great Lakes, allowing manufacturing in the Midwest, including automobiles in Detroit, to use the river for transport. With industrialization came new technologies for transport, including steamboats for faster transport. In 1807, the 6028: 1155:. He then took a 40 miles (64 km) midnight stage coach ride through the Adirondacks to the Adirondack Railway station at North Creek, where he discovered that McKinley had died. Roosevelt took the train to Buffalo, New York, where he was officially sworn in as president. The 40-mile route is now designated the 486:

Under British colonial rule, the Hudson Valley became an agricultural hub, with manors being developed on the east side of the river. At these manors, landlords rented out land to their tenants, letting them take a share of the crops grown while keeping and selling the rest of the crops. Tenants were

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New Netherland and its associated outposts were set up as fur-trading outposts. The Dutch attempted to form a trade alliance with the Mahicans, angering the Mohawk nation and provoking hostilities between the two tribes. The Natives began to trap furs at a quicker pace and then sold them to the Dutch

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During the Industrial Revolution, the Hudson River became a major location for production, especially around Albany and Troy. The river allowed for fast and easy transport of goods from the interior of the Northeast to the coast. Hundreds of factories were built around the Hudson, in towns including

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successfully surrounded the British Army. An offensive by Benedict Arnold (which led to him being wounded in the leg) pushed Burgoyne closer to surrendering. In the end, Burgoyne surrendered his army to the Americans on October 17. This battle would later be known as the turning point of the war. In

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in Manhattan. Whales have become a more common site in the river recently. This is because of a combination of cleanup of waste in the river as well as conservation of wildlife that creates a hospitable habitat for the whales. Whales have been spotted all the way up to the George Washington Bridge.

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The school characterizes the artistic body, its New York location, its landscape subject matter, and often its subject, the Hudson River. While the elements of the paintings were rendered realistically, many of the scenes were composed as a synthesis of multiple scenes or natural images observed by

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and the entrance to the canal, through the canal to the Hudson River, and then south to New York City. The completion of the canal enhanced the development of the American West, allowing settlers to travel west, then send goods back to market in frontier cities, and then eventually export goods via

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to meet Arnold. The next morning, an outpost at Verplanck's Point fired on the ship, which sailed back down river. André was forced to return to New York City by land; however, he was captured near Tarrytown on September 23 by three Westchester militiamen, and later was hanged. Arnold later fled to

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army was vastly outnumbered at the battle with 12,000 soldiers; the British had 45,000 soldiers. As expected, the British badly defeated the continentals at the battle and nearly crushed the rebellion. However, under the cover of night, Washington ordered the camp fires to be extinguished, and then

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the wilderness. At first, the colony was made up of mostly single adventures looking to make money, but over time the region transitioned into maintaining family households. New economic activity in the form of food, tobacco, timber, and slaves was eventually incorporated into the colonial economy.

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In 2004, Christopher Swain became the first person to swim the entire length of the Hudson River. The swim took 36 days to complete, along the entire 315 miles of the Hudson from the Adirondacks to New York City. Swain took part in the swim in order to bring attention to the need to make the river

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At the beginning of the 19th century, transportation away from the US east coast was difficult. Boat travel was still the fastest mode of transportation at the time, as automobiles and rail transportation were still being developed. In order to facilitate boat travel throughout the interior of the

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in charge of a smaller force to be docked in New York City, with the permission to strike the Hudson Valley at any time. On October 5, 1777, Clinton's army did so. At the Battle of the Hudson Highlands, Clinton's force sailed up the Hudson River and attacked the twin forts. Along the way, the army

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operated a monopoly on the region for roughly twenty years before other businessmen were allowed to set up their own ventures in the colony. New Amsterdam quickly became the colony's most important city, operating as its capital and its merchant hub. The other outposts functioned as settlements in

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that could be a hundred feet long. At the associated villages, the indigenous peoples grew corn, beans, and squash. They also scavenged for other types of plant foods, such as various types of nuts and berries. In addition to agriculture, they also fished for food in the river, focusing on various

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because he was low on fuel. A train full of reporters followed his plane the entire way, and the mayor of Albany gave Curtiss a letter to give to the mayor of New York City. Importantly, Curtiss' flight demonstrated that aircraft could eventually be used as a means for transportation between two

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setting, where human beings and nature coexist peacefully. Hudson River School landscapes are characterized by their realistic, detailed, and sometimes idealized portrayal of nature, often juxtaposing peaceful agriculture and the remaining wilderness, which was fast disappearing from the Hudson

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took over management of the colony. He found the colony in chaos due to a border war with the English along the Connecticut River, and Indian battles throughout the region. Stuyvesant quickly cracked down on smuggling and associated activity before expanding the outposts along the Hudson River,

590:. As a result of the battle, the British took control of New York City and the harbor, and thus they took control of the mouth of the Hudson River. The British would turn New York City into its headquarters for the war, and occupy it for the rest of the war. The harbor would later be used for 675:

in order to prevent another British fleet from sailing up the Hudson River in a similar manner as during the previous battle. The chain that was by the forts was simply circumvented by the British army via attacking on the shores. The new chain, designed by engineer Captain

922:. In general, Hudson River School artists believed that nature in the form of the American landscape was an ineffable manifestation of God, though the artists varied in the depth of their religious conviction. They took as their inspiration such European masters as 743:

Both the British and the American armies fought the Battles of Saratoga. Burgoyne still expected assistance from Henry Clinton, so his army dug in and waited. Clinton's forces did sail up the Hudson River, taking the Hudson Highlands forts as well as burning down

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punished Burgoyne for this mistake. He and his army chopped down trees and littered the pathway that Burgoyne would have to take through the swampy wilderness of the area. As a result of the decision to march south, Burgoyne's supply lines were strained.

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During Benedict Arnold's control over West Point, he began weakening its defenses, including neglecting repairs on the West Point Chain. At the time, Arnold was secretly loyal to the British, and planned to hand off West Point's plans to British major

554:(which is on the eastern side of the Hudson River) and focus on rallying the support of loyalists in the South and Mid-Atlantic regions. The British knew that total occupation of the colonies would be unfeasible, which is why this strategy was chosen. 1170:

just south of Manhattan, flying over the Hudson River for most of his flight. The flight was 152 miles long, and he made one planned stop in Poughkeepsie, which was roughly the midpoint of the flight. He also made an unplanned stop just south of

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The whales are especially prominent during feeding season in the fall. State and federal officials are warning kayakers and boaters to slow down and stay at least 100 feet from any whales in the area in order to not distress or hurt the whales.

882:. This canal enabled the transportation of coal, and later other goods as well, between the Delaware and Hudson River watersheds. The combination of these canals made the Hudson River one of the most vital waterways for trade in the nation. 711:

along the way. This fort was (and is) located at the southern end of Lake Champlain, and thus was seen as critical in defending Albany. Once Burgoyne took the fort, he made the mistake of deciding not to take the water route along

252:. They lived a similar lifestyle to the Lenape, residing in various villages along the river. They traded with both the Lenape to the south and the Mahicans to the north. The Mahicans lived in the northern valley from present-day 434:

for luxuries. This trade would eventually deplete the supply of those animals in their territory, decreasing the food supply in the process. The focus on furs also made the Natives economically dependent on the Dutch for trade.

506:. At the meeting, residents of the city of Albany were able to come into contact with people from the rest of the colonies, which was an interesting experience for many citizens of the city. The result of the Congress was the 62:. Settlements of the colony clustered around the Hudson, and its strategic importance as the gateway to the American interior led to years of competition between the English and the Dutch over control of the river and colony. 977:

on November 22, 1825. At that time, only the English native Cole, born in a landscape where autumnal tints were of browns and yellows, found the brilliant autumn hues of the area to be inspirational. Cole's close friend,

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tribe who formerly inhabited both banks of the lower portion of the river. The Delaware Tribe of Indians (Bartlesville, Oklahoma) considers the closely related Mohicans to be a part of the

1230: 2279: 2704: 6059: 1292:. It is a pedestrian walkway over the Hudson River that opened as part of the Hudson River Quadricentennial Celebrations, and it connects over 25 miles of existing pedestrian trails. 3282: 826:

The Erie Canal was not the only canal built that connects to the Hudson River. After the completion of the Erie Canal, smaller canals were built to connect with the new system. The

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safe for drinking and swimming. He braved a combination of rapids, dams, snapping turtles, and pollution in order to complete his journey. The marathon swim was a major part of

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Hudson River School paintings reflect three themes of America in the 19th century: discovery, exploration, and settlement. The paintings also depict the American landscape as a

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up until the early 1900s, with limited use continuing into the present day. The term persists in radio communication among commercial shipping traffic, especially below the

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The Hudson Valley proved attractive for railroads, once technology progressed to the point where it was feasible to construct the required bridges over tributaries. The

534:. The Hudson River was important for a few reasons. Firstly, the Hudson's connection to the Mohawk River allowed travelers to eventually get to the Great Lakes and the 1151:, who had been shot two weeks earlier but was expected to survive, had taken a turn for the worse. Roosevelt hiked down the mountain to the closest stage station at 1281:. The airplane was still virtually intact though partially submerged and slowly sinking. The entire crew of Flight 1549 was later awarded the Master's Medal of the 660: 315:. Oyster beds were also common on the river floor, which provided an extra source of nutrition. Land hunting consisted of turkey, deer, rabbits, and other animals. 680:, could have theoretically been lowered in order to let friendly ships sail down the river, but the chain was never tested, and was later discarded after the war. 514:

during the American Revolution. In addition, the colonial governments were able to sign a treaty with the Iroquois in advance of the upcoming war with the French.

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United States, numerous canals were constructed between internal bodies of water in the country. These canals would transfer freight throughout the inland US.

1136:(later known as Clermont), became the first commercially successful steamboat. It carried passengers between New York City and Albany along the Hudson River. 6052: 1860: 5835: 3249: 3401: 1060: 1040:

opened over the river between Greenbush and Albany, enabling through traffic between the Hudson River Railroad and the New York Central Railroad west to

699:. British general Burgoyne sought to put into action his plan of taking over Albany and the Hudson River. Burgoyne and his army advanced southward from 458:. The Dutch regained New York temporarily, only to relinquish it again a few years later, thus ending Dutch control over New York and the Hudson River. 3943: 2308: 2074: 620:

While the British advanced towards Washington's Army, Washington decided to take a stand in White Plains. In October, 1776, Howe's army advanced from

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The Algonquins in the region lived mainly in small clans and villages throughout the area. One major fortress was called Navish, which was located at

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first arrived in Staten Island, on the western shore of the Narrows. The armada then sailed across the Narrows to a waiting Continental Army.

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the Hudson River and New York City. The completion of the canal made New York City one of the most vital ports in the nation, surpassing the

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at Snedeker's Landing (or Waldberg Landing) on the wooded west shore of Haverstraw Bay. On September 21, 1780, André sailed up the river on

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was chartered the next year as a continuation of the Troy and Greenbush south to New York City, and was completed in 1851. In 1866 the

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was chartered in 1845 and opened that same year, running a short distance on the east side between Troy and Greenbush, now known as

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with no loss of human life. All 155 occupants safely evacuated the airliner, and were quickly rescued by nearby ferries and other

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that the American Continentals could beat a European army. As a result, the French joined the war on the side of the Americans.

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The first known European name for the river was the Rio San Antonio as named by the Portuguese explorer in Spain's employ,

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Burgoyne sent a column of his troops into Vermont in the hopes of securing needed supplies. However, Continental general

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As a result of the strategy, numerous battles were fought along the river and in nearby waterways. August 27, 1776, the

2859: 1716: 899: 5349: 4776: 3953: 3935: 3800: 3790: 3765: 3760: 3679: 3659: 3654: 3432: 3410: 2225: 2145: 1687: 641: 1795:"Adriaen Block, the discovery of Long Island Sound and the New Netherlands colony: what drove the course of history?" 89:, which, when completed in 1825, became an important transportation artery for the early-19th-century United States. 4743: 4616: 4458: 4081: 4061: 3780: 3674: 3669: 3644: 3570: 3546: 3541: 3359: 1419: 1184: 1091: 1063:. Construction was slow, and was finally completed in 1884; the New York Central purchased the line the next year. 1010: 531: 176: 152: 46: 732:. The lack of supplies and the surrender of his column severely weakened his army. Meanwhile, Continental general 426:. Fort Orange was the outpost that was the furthest up the Hudson River. That outpost would later become known as 6068: 5988: 4486: 3770: 3745: 3634: 3605: 3560: 3491: 3462: 3387: 1524: 1111: 1025: 867: 498:

in 1754, situated close to the Hudson River. This meeting included officials from both the colonies and from the

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The Upper Hudson River Valley was also useful for railroads. Sections of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad,

1037: 1029: 598: 438: 352: 175:, or "the Great Mouritse River" (Mouritse is a Dutch surname). The translated name North River was used in the 25: 3135: 1071: 1285:. It was described by NTSB board member Kitty Higgins as "the most successful ditching in aviation history". 371:. He also proceeded upstream as far as present-day Troy before concluding that no such strait existed there. 5849: 5121: 3785: 3755: 3750: 3740: 3684: 2836: 2000: 1300: 1289: 1199: 875: 502:. The subject of the meeting referred to tensions between the British and the French and the prelude to the 2340: 2085: 1118:. South of Tahawus the route returned to the east shore of the Hudson the rest of the way to its terminus. 5083: 4647: 4611: 4518: 4450: 4416: 4380: 4334: 4077: 3689: 3649: 3595: 3506: 1246: 1083: 973:

of New York State to paint the first landscapes of the area. The first review of his work appeared in the

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broke the American flight distance record. He flew his plane for five hours from a field near Albany to

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During the eighteenth century, the river valley and its inhabitants were the subject and inspiration of

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people, and so the Lenape also claim the Hudson as part of their ancestral territory, naming the river

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begins to run along the Hudson's west bank. The original Adirondack Railway opened by 1871, ending at

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Alfieri, J.; Berardis, A.; Smith, E.; Mackin, J.; Muller, W.; Lake, R.; Lehmkulh, P. (June 3, 1999).

1365: 1172: 1167: 966: 934:. Their reverence for America's natural beauty was shared with contemporary American writers such as 816: 729: 651:, a choke point on the river north of Haverstraw Bay. As a result, the Continentals started building 574: 511: 507: 480: 268: 3349: 6088: 5879: 5514: 5338: 4215: 3714: 3699: 3575: 3531: 3501: 3162: 2250: 2198: 1152: 1052: 1045: 958: 939: 935: 894: 855: 835: 692: 665: 633: 625: 466: 345: 188: 70: 37: 2814:"The Hudson River School: Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Celebration of the American Landscape" 2813: 2541: 2366: 351:

In 1598 some Dutch employed by the Greenland Company wintered in the Bay. Eleven years later, the

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described the river as "America's Rhine", comparing it to the 40-mile (64 km) stretch of the

140: 5223: 4626: 4315: 4157: 3921: 3916: 3610: 3526: 3320: 3200: 2150: 2047: 1865: 1692: 1562: 1493: 1423: 1227:, a documentary detailing the history of pollution in the Hudson River and the fight against it. 1195: 1140: 1056: 970: 903: 879: 766: 745: 696: 672: 423: 253: 74: 41: 2498: 2491: 1936: 3113: 3010: 1893: 6008: 6003: 5978: 5953: 4688: 4606: 4446: 4303: 4281: 4241: 4237: 4033: 4026: 3905: 3511: 3366: 3250:"US Airways Flight 1549 Crew receive prestigious Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Award" 3063: 2959: 2892: 2786: 2502: 2314: 2117: 1834: 1736: 1538: 1528: 1488: 1469: 1459: 1415: 1274: 1254: 1087: 1041: 811: 629: 578: 535: 470: 418:. New Amsterdam was founded at the mouth of the Hudson River, and would later become known as 396: 380: 360: 221: 184: 66: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5464: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 4342: 2521:

Adams, Arthur, The Hudson River Guidebook (Fordham University Press, New York, 1996, pp. 146)

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made an emergency ditching onto the Hudson River beside Manhattan. The flight was a domestic

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traveled along the coast and claimed the entire country for England; he is credited with the

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began examine the region for potential trading opportunities. Dutch explorer and merchant

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The Lenape, the Wappingers, and the Mahicans were speakers of languages that were part of

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on the Mohawk River, enabling passengers to bypass the slowest part of the Erie Canal.

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Rand McNally & Co.'s Illustrated Guide to the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains

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to the southern end of Lake Champlain. This canal allowed boaters to travel from the

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Valley just as it was coming to be appreciated for its qualities of ruggedness and

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Once Washington retreated to Pennsylvania, New England militias had to fortify the

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A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 2: Steam Power

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Ayers, Edward L.; Gould, Lewis L.; Oshinky, David M.; Soderlund, Jean R. (2009).

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In 1823, Troy's dam and lock were completed; its sloop lock was rebuilt in 1854.

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On October 3, 2009, the Poughkeepsie-Highland Railroad Bridge reopened as the

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and the New Hampshire-Vermont Militia thwarted Burgoyne's resupply run in the

725: 591: 583: 495: 392: 329: 180: 86: 82: 29: 3354: 3223: 2075:"The West Point Chain and Hudson River Obstructions in the Revolutionary War" 1473: 294:. The houses could be circular or rectangular. Large families often lived in 5842: 5828: 5696: 5667: 5647: 5622: 5617: 5558: 5543: 5536: 5447: 5308: 5043: 4983: 4938: 4864: 4854: 4844: 4834: 4814: 4563: 4508: 4496: 4490: 4478: 4464: 4420: 4408: 4394: 4295: 4245: 4207: 4185: 1542: 919: 807: 333: 245: 229: 5899: 4128:

Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with

224:

lived along the river, with the three subdivisions of that group being the

2860:"The Roots of Preservation: Emerson, Thoreau, and the Hudson River School" 2759:

Hudson River School: Masterworks from the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art

1910: 290:. Villagers lived in various types of houses, which the Algonquins called 5526: 5243: 4799: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4372: 4368: 4307: 4299: 4223: 4197: 4104: 3813: 1107: 914: 839: 562: 539: 499: 411: 337: 304: 276: 117: 20:

is a 315-mile (507 km) river in New York. The river is named after

5821: 5760: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5689: 5684: 5657: 5652: 5605: 5595: 5548: 5509: 5333: 5318: 5313: 5278: 5273: 5253: 5073: 5063: 5053: 5048: 5013: 5003: 4988: 4908: 4898: 4893: 4703: 4694: 4652: 4570: 4514: 4454: 4426: 4384: 4364: 4356: 4287: 4229: 4171: 1833:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 17–23, 264–266. 1831:

Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York

1793:

Varekamp, Johan Cornelis; Varekamp, Daphne Sasha (Spring–Summer 2006).

1250: 1048:

opened in 1889, it became the longest single-span bridge in the world.

308: 291: 233: 125: 2600: 1059:

and ran up the west shore of the Hudson as a competitor to the merged

707:

marched east along the Mohawk River towards the same location, taking

5531: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5303: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5038: 4577: 4346: 4255: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 587: 225: 129: 2273: 2271: 1861:"350 Years Ago, New Amsterdam Became New York. Don't Expect a Party" 582:

he and his army fled under the cover of darkness and fog across the

163:, or "South River". Other occasional names for the Hudson included: 3379: 2755:

Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin; Ellis, Amy; Miesmer, Maureen (2003).

2113:

The American Military Tradition: From Colonial Times to the Present

1206:; the rest of the highway was never built due to local opposition. 969:, then at Catskill landing. He hiked west high up into the eastern 842:

to the Hudson River and New York City. Another major canal was the

279:. The Mohawks would sometimes raid Mahican villages from the west. 40:

in 1524, as he became the first European known to have entered the

32:

is also named. It had previously been observed by Italian explorer

4430: 4360: 1398:

History of the County of Hudson, Charles H. Winfield, 1874, p. 1-2

1229: 1213: 1143:

was at Lake Tear of the Clouds after returning from a hike to the

1086:

ran along the east shore. At Glens Falls the Hudson turns west to

997: 898: 789: 682: 521: 465: 248:. Further north, the Wappingers lived from Manhattan Island up to 205: 96: 2334: 2332: 2330: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5765: 5738: 5733: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5677: 5672: 5662: 5610: 5600: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5553: 5521: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5457: 5452: 5442: 5437: 5328: 5323: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5068: 5058: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5008: 4998: 4993: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4913: 4903: 4874: 4869: 4859: 4849: 4839: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4809: 4804: 4794: 4680: 4662: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4376: 4269: 4251: 4193: 4163: 4145: 3170:

The Hudson Valley Regional Review: A Journal of Regional Studies

1515:

Stanne, Stephen P.; Panetta, Roger G.; Forist, Brian E. (1996).

1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1103: 312: 6041: 5903: 4732: 4050: 3383: 3370: 3163:"More than the Wright stuff: Glenn Curtiss' 1910 Hudson Flight" 1147:

summit when he received a message informing him that President

4684: 4666: 4656: 4566: 4552: 4500: 4482: 4468: 4412: 4398: 4323: 4319: 4211: 4189: 4149: 379:

After Henry Hudson realized that the Hudson River was not the

2981:"Thomas Cole (1801-1848) The Dawn of the Hudson River School" 1447:

New Netherland: A Dutch Colony in Seventeenth-Century America

299:

species of freshwater fish, as well as several variations of

1578:"The Hudson River: Autumn Peace Broods over America's Rhine" 982:, became a prominent figure in the school as well. Painters 2891:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–113. 2424: 2422: 2420: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1558:"Some Credit for Henry Hudson, Found in a 280-Year-Old Map" 1110:

mines. The extension continued along the Hudson River into

526:

Map of Washington's retreat through New York and New Jersey

3281:

Olshan, Jeremy; Livingston, Ikumulisa (January 17, 2009).

3094:. Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press of Virginia. 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1557: 542:

to New York City. In doing so, the British, under general

3106:"Adirondack Journal — An Adirondack Presidential History" 2313:(4th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 1824: 1822: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1366:"The River's Meaning to Indians, Before and After Hudson" 716:, instead deciding to take the land route from the fort. 77:, an American pastoral style, as well as the concepts of 3255:. Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators. Archived from 1623:. Poughkeepsie, New York: Marist College. Archived from 854:. This canal could be used to bypass Niagara Falls. The 3344: 2705:"How the Delaware & Hudson Canal Fueled the Valley" 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 1987: 1985: 1983: 802:

One of the most significant canals of this era was the

319:

Exploration, colonization, and revolution: 1497 to 1800

58:– and it formed the spine of the Dutch colony of 2341:"Too Little, Too Late: Battle Of The Hudson Highlands" 2110:

Carroll, John Martin; Baxter, Colin F. (August 2006).

1930: 1928: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1253:

with 150 passengers and 5 crew members traveling from

3363:

segment on Hudson River steamship travel in the 1830s

1102:

an extension opened to Tahawus, the site of valuable

586:

by boat to Manhattan. The army then marched north to

1519:

The Hudson, An Illustrated Guide to the Living River

736:

halted the advance of General St. Ledger during the

336:'s discovery of continental North America. In 1524, 6118: 6076: 5937: 5799: 5347: 5242: 5222: 5120: 5082: 4883: 4784: 4725: 4640: 4587: 4536: 4333: 4138: 4043: 3990: 3967: 3930: 3857: 3799: 3731: 3629: 3555: 3486: 3478: 3421: 2837:"East meets West: The Hudson River School at LACMA" 2677:. New York State Canals Corporation. Archived from 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2431:"Victory...Impossible Without Schuyler's Direction" 2226:""Cursedly Thrashed": The Battle Of Harlem Heights" 946:had a direct influence on the Hudson River School. 28:, who explored it in 1609, and after whom Canada's 2756: 2568:. New York State Canal Corporation. Archived from 2490: 1516: 1122:Poughkeepise, Newburgh, Kingston, and Hudson. The 1078:. North of Mechanicville the shore was bare until 703:towards Albany. Meanwhile, an army led by General 644:in Upper Manhattan later fell after this retreat. 479:cartoon, which called for the ratification of the 216:The area around the Hudson River was inhabited by 1299:was spotted swimming in the Hudson River west of 990:were the most successful painters of the school. 85:. The Hudson was also the eastern outlet for the 3316:"A Whale Takes Up Residence in the Hudson River" 3224:"Swim for the River - The New York State Museum" 3007:Smithsonian American Art Museum: Renwick Gallery 2783:"The Panoramic River: the Hudson and the Thames" 2624: 2622: 2310:American Passage: A History of the United States 2302: 2300: 957:is generally acknowledged as the founder of the 2955:Different Views in Hudson River School Painting 2763:. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art. p. vii 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 1618:"The Lenapes: A study of Hudson Valley Indians" 1320:Beauchamp, William Martin (18 February 2019). 1139:On September 14, 1901, then-US Vice President 260:, with their capital located near present-day 6053: 5915: 4744: 4062: 3395: 2556: 2554: 1324:. Albany : New York State Education Dept 8: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 1002:View of the Hudson during the 1880s showing 695:, was unfolding 30 miles north of Albany in 687:Painting of Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga 671:The Continentals later decided to build the 530:The Hudson River was a key river during the 391:led a voyage up the lower Hudson River, the 4093:This region includes the following cities: 3372:Articles and topics related to Hudson River 2173:"Governor's Island: The Battle of Brooklyn" 830:was built to connect the Hudson River near 344:visited the bay of New York, in service of 6060: 6046: 6038: 5922: 5908: 5900: 5079: 4751: 4737: 4729: 4069: 4055: 4047: 3728: 3418: 3402: 3388: 3380: 3367: 2930:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2785:. Hudson River Museum. 2013. p. 188. 2537:The Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution 2529: 2527: 2365:Harrington, Hugh T. (September 25, 2014). 1218:US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River 1061:New York Central and Hudson River Railroad 546:'s strategy, would be able to cut off the 228:(also known as the Delaware Indians), the 2958:. Columbia University Press. p. 11. 2947: 2945: 1909: 1364:Gennochio, Benjamin (September 3, 2009). 617:as the British pursued him and his army. 2707:. Hudson Valley Magazine. Archived from 2668:"The Story of the New York State Canals" 2546:washington whom can we trust now arnold. 1717:"Henry Hudson Explores the Hudson River" 1664:. Hudson Valley Magazine. Archived from 1261:in Charlotte. After striking a flock of 1090:before continuing north; at Corinth the 1074:ran next to the Hudson between Troy and 1053:New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway 594:to hold the captured American soldiers. 406:The Dutch settled three major outposts: 3142:. NewState Department of Transportation 2339:Mark, Steven Paul (November 20, 2013). 1312: 1259:Charlotte Douglas International Airport 908:View of the Hudson River from Tarrytown 3944:Culture in New York's Capital District 2917: 2915: 2888:The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art 2835:Nicholson, Louise (January 19, 2015). 2084:. Desmond Fish Library. Archived from 1734: 1283:Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators 275:to the west, which were a part of the 193:North River Wastewater Treatment Plant 147:. Later, they generally termed it the 3949:Sports in New York's Capital District 3350:Beczak Environmental Education Center 1487:Steinhauer, Jennifer (May 15, 1994). 1269:, the airplane lost engine power and 691:In 1777, a major battle, part of the 124:("river that flows two ways") by the 7: 3009:. Smithsonian Museum. Archived from 2493:Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor 2146:"A Crucial Battle In the Revolution" 1322:"Aboriginal place names of New York" 1009:The first railroad in New York, the 846:, which connected the Erie Canal to 753:addition, this battle convinced the 450:especially Wiltwyck at the mouth of 3314:Rogers, Katie (November 22, 2016). 3283:"Quiet Air Hero is Captain America" 3112:. Adirondack Museum. Archived from 2497:. William Morrow and Inc. pp. 2429:Stambach, Abigail; Stambach, Paul. 2224:Shepherd, Joshua (April 15, 2014). 2028:. Yale Law School. 29 December 1998 1237:(foreground), the Hudson River and 1191:) was located on the Hudson River. 664:looted and pillaged the village of 220:ages before Europeans arrived. The 2816:. Virginia Tech History Department 2371:Journal of the American Revolution 2345:Journal of the American Revolution 2230:Journal of the American Revolution 2144:Hevesi, Dennis (August 27, 1993). 838:, and then British cities such as 14: 5871:with extended nighttime coverage. 3982:List of colleges and universities 2928:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 2540:. Harper & Brothers. p. 2405:. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1898:Journal of World-Systems Research 359:in his attempt to search for the 6117: 6026: 3959:Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany 3477: 2922:Avery, Kevin J. (October 2004). 2489:Randall, Willard Sterne (1990). 2437:. New York State Military Museum 1859:Roberts, Sam (August 25, 2014). 1662:"Hudson Valley's Tribal History" 512:a unified continental government 24:, an Englishman sailing for the 3469:List of all incorporated places 1660:Levine, David (June 24, 2016). 573:in battle. The British, led by 324:Exploration of the Hudson River 208:in Central and Western Europe. 136:("river that flows two ways"). 3161:Sparling, Reed (Spring 2010). 2054:. R.Squared Communications LLC 1189:National Defense Reserve Fleet 640:in December of the same year. 1: 5247:by frequency & subchannel 2703:Levine, David (August 2010). 2534:Lossing, Benson John (1852). 2278:Borkow, Richard (July 2013). 2073:Mansinne, Jr., Major Andrew. 1800:. Wrack Lines. Archived from 1586:. October 2, 1939. p. 57 1556:Roberts, Sam (8 March 2017). 1332:– via Internet Archive. 944:Düsseldorf school of painting 102:Discovery of the Hudson River 4622:Spectrum News Capital Region 3345:Hudson River Maritime Museum 3062:. Chelsea House Publishers. 2983:. Hamilton Auction Galleries 2866:. National Humanities Center 2251:"The Battle of White Plains" 1993:"Albany Plan of Union, 1754" 1527:: Rutgers University Press. 858:connected the Erie Canal to 655:, less than a mile south of 6150:History of New York (state) 4082:New York's Capital District 3954:Episcopal Diocese of Albany 2952:O'Toole, Judith H. (2005). 2731:"Chronology - Hudson River" 2367:"he Great West Point Chain" 2022:"Albany Plan of Union 1754" 1420:Rand, McNally & Company 1251:commercial passenger flight 1026:Troy and Greenbush Railroad 630:successful surprise attacks 597:On September 15, 1776, The 355:financed English navigator 173:de grootte Mouritse reviere 6171: 3360:Alexis de Tocqueville Tour 3058:Harmon, Daniel E. (2004). 1892:Leitner, Jonathan (2016). 1408:Ingersoll, Ernest (1893). 1185:Hudson River Reserve Fleet 1092:Adirondack Scenic Railroad 1011:Mohawk and Hudson Railroad 965:opened, stopping first at 892: 878:, and the Hudson River at 601:was fought in what is now 445:In 1647, Director-General 177:New York metropolitan area 6115: 6069:Dutchess County, New York 6024: 5859: 4089: 3839:Timeline of town creation 3727: 3475: 3417: 3377: 3176:(10). Marist College: 1–4 3090:Hunter, Louis C. (1985). 2924:"The Hudson River School" 2255:Theamericanrevolution.org 1741:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1525:New Brunswick, New Jersey 1013:, opened in 1831 between 868:Delaware and Hudson Canal 773:New York City aboard HMS 269:Algonquin language family 244:, and sold the island of 5931:American Heritage Rivers 3977:List of school districts 3556:Medium-sized communities 3033:"The Hudson River Guide" 2052:American History Central 1829:Rink, Oliver A. (1986). 1273:on the Hudson River off 1124:North Tarrytown Assembly 1072:Albany Northern Railroad 1068:Troy and Boston Railroad 599:Battle of Harlem Heights 565:on the eastern shore of 439:Dutch West India Company 353:Dutch East India Company 26:Dutch East India Company 4515:WNGN-LD 38 / WNGX-LD 42 4433:, 25.2 Fun Roads, 25.3 4363:, 14.2 Fun Roads, 14.3 3355:Tocqueville in Newburgh 3136:"Roosevelt-Marcy Byway" 2470:. National Park Service 2179:. National Park Service 2001:Office of the Historian 1943:. New York State Museum 1774:. National Park Service 1290:Walkway over the Hudson 1200:Hudson River Expressway 1183:From 1946 to 1971, the 994:19th and 20th centuries 876:Honesdale, Pennsylvania 5869:Clear-channel stations 5850:WXKW (850 AM, 1600 AM) 2082:Desmondfishlibrary.org 1247:US Airways Flight 1549 1242: 1219: 1032:(east of Albany). The 1006: 910: 870:was built between the 795: 688: 673:Great West Point Chain 615:White Plains, New York 527: 504:French and Indian Wars 483: 342:Giovanni da Verrazzano 238:Giovanni da Verrazzano 198:In 1939, the magazine 120:, and it was known as 109: 34:Giovanni da Verrazzano 6145:History of New Jersey 4084:and surrounding areas 4013:Glens Falls Post-Star 3559:(10,000 to 20,000 in 2885:Marter, Joan (2011). 2464:"History and Culture" 1997:MILESTONES: 1750–1775 1967:New York State Museum 1937:"The Albany Congress" 1911:10.5195/jwsr.2016.615 1489:"Smell of the Forest" 1444:Jacobs, Jaap (2005). 1245:On January 15, 2009, 1233: 1217: 1157:Roosevelt-Marcy Trail 1133:North River Steamboat 1034:Hudson River Railroad 1001: 984:Frederic Edwin Church 975:New York Evening Post 902: 866:. Farther south, the 793: 781:Industrial Revolution 738:Siege of Fort Stanwix 686: 638:Princeton, New Jersey 559:Battle of Long Island 525: 469: 240:onshore, traded with 116:("the river") by the 112:The river was called 100: 5808:W47A/WBCA (101.1 FM) 4078:Broadcast television 3912:Adirondack Mountains 3844:Toponymies of places 3834:Albany Plan of Union 3633:(5,000 to 10,000 in 2634:www.eriecanalway.org 2399:"Battle of Saratoga" 2284:Westchester Magazine 1715:Cleveland, Henry R. 1696:. September 15, 1909 1688:"Giovanni Verrazano" 1257:in New York City to 1098:along the river. In 1084:Glens Falls Railroad 817:Port of Philadelphia 794:The Erie Canal, 2009 730:Battle of Bennington 575:General William Howe 508:Albany Plan of Union 481:Albany Plan of Union 462:British colonization 6089:Roeliff Jansen Kill 5880:Manchester, Vermont 4589:Cable-only stations 4139:Full-power stations 4027:Schenectady Gazette 3487:Largest communities 3422:Central communities 2858:Oelschlaeger, Max. 1941:The Albany Congress 1935:Bielinski, Stefan. 1265:during its initial 1153:Long Lake, New York 1046:Poughkeepsie Bridge 1038:Hudson River Bridge 959:Hudson River School 940:Ralph Waldo Emerson 936:Henry David Thoreau 895:Hudson River School 889:Hudson River School 856:Cayuga-Seneca Canal 836:St. Lawrence Seaway 693:Battles of Saratoga 634:Trenton, New Jersey 603:Morningside Heights 346:Francis I of France 189:North River Tunnels 171:"Great River", and 167:"Manhattan River", 159:being known as the 71:Hudson River School 38:Francis I of France 5874:2. Transmits from 5822:WCSQ-LP (105.9 FM) 5224:NOAA Weather Radio 4759:Radio stations in 4335:Low-power stations 3999:Albany Times Union 3922:Rensselaer Plateau 3917:Catskill Mountains 3710:Town of Stillwater 3660:Village of Colonie 3321:The New York Times 3295:on January 4, 2013 3201:The New York Times 3060:"The Hudson River" 2979:Boyle, Alexander. 2864:Nature Transformed 2151:The New York Times 2026:The Avalon Project 1866:The New York Times 1693:The New York Times 1563:The New York Times 1494:The New York Times 1370:The New York Times 1243: 1225:Swim for the River 1220: 1196:Nelson Rockefeller 1194:In 1965, governor 1141:Theodore Roosevelt 1082:, where the short 1057:Weehawken Terminal 1007: 971:Catskill Mountains 911: 904:Robert Havell, Jr. 880:Kingston, New York 796: 697:Saratoga, New York 689: 528: 484: 375:Dutch colonization 218:indigenous peoples 165:Manhattes rieviere 110: 75:landscape painting 42:Upper New York Bay 6132: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6035: 6034: 6009:Upper Susquehanna 6004:Upper Mississippi 5979:Lower Mississippi 5897: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5218: 5217: 4721: 4720: 4607:NBC Sports Boston 3906:Woodlawn Preserve 3723: 3722: 3675:Town of Johnstown 3670:City of Johnstown 3645:Town of Amsterdam 3630:Small communities 3571:City of Amsterdam 3116:on March 29, 2015 3003:"Asher B. Durand" 2898:978-0-19-533579-8 2792:978-0-943651-43-9 2205:. History Channel 2091:on March 26, 2016 2048:"Albany Congress" 1721:History-world.org 1630:on March 13, 2016 1416:Chicago, Illinois 1275:Midtown Manhattan 1255:LaGuardia Airport 1168:Governor's Island 661:Sir Henry Clinton 571:Washington's army 536:Mississippi River 518:Revolutionary War 471:Benjamin Franklin 397:Long Island Sound 381:Northwest Passage 361:Northwest Passage 212:Pre-Columbian era 185:North River piers 122:Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk 67:Washington Irving 50:– with the 36:sailing for King 6162: 6121: 6120: 6062: 6055: 6048: 6039: 6030: 6029: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5901: 5876:Equinox Mountain 5852: 5845: 5838: 5836:WGEO (shortwave) 5831: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5080: 4777:Capital District 4753: 4746: 4739: 4730: 4641:Defunct stations 4538:ATSC 3.0 digital 4130:cable television 4071: 4064: 4057: 4048: 3897:Albany Pine Bush 3729: 3638: 3564: 3547:Saratoga Springs 3495: 3490:(over 20,000 in 3481: 3480: 3419: 3411:Capital District 3404: 3397: 3390: 3381: 3368: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3291:. Archived from 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3262:on June 13, 2011 3261: 3254: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3167: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3037:Offshoreblue.com 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2949: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2919: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2762: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2711:on March 7, 2016 2700: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2684:on March 3, 2016 2683: 2672: 2663: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2626: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2597: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2572:on March 7, 2016 2558: 2549: 2548: 2531: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2496: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2460: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2426: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2395: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2336: 2325: 2324: 2304: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2199:"The HMS Jersey" 2195: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2090: 2079: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1989: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1932: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1913: 1889: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1856: 1845: 1844: 1826: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1807:on June 23, 2021 1806: 1799: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1768:"Dutch Colonies" 1764: 1747: 1746: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1657: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1622: 1613: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1522: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1456:Brill Publishers 1441: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1317: 1187:(part of the US 1177:Uptown Manhattan 1149:William McKinley 1126:(later owned by 988:Albert Bierstadt 709:Fort Ticonderoga 649:Hudson Highlands 496:Albany City Hall 447:Peter Stuyvesant 288:Hudson Highlands 145:Rio de Montaigne 114:Ca-ho-ha-ta-te-a 106:Albert Bierstadt 79:environmentalism 6170: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6113: 6094:Wappinger Creek 6072: 6071:drainage basins 6066: 6036: 6031: 6027: 6022: 5949:Woonasquatucket 5933: 5928: 5898: 5885: 5855: 5848: 5843:WTRI (102.7 FM) 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5795: 5343: 5246: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5116: 5078: 4879: 4780: 4757: 4717: 4636: 4583: 4532: 4329: 4236:, 23.2 Capital 4134: 4127: 4110:Glens Falls, NY 4100:Schenectady, NY 4085: 4075: 4039: 3986: 3963: 3926: 3901:Rensselaer Lake 3853: 3824:Rensselaerswyck 3795: 3719: 3632: 3631: 3625: 3606:North Greenbush 3558: 3557: 3551: 3512:Town of Colonie 3489: 3488: 3482: 3473: 3413: 3408: 3373: 3341: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3248:Turner, Celia. 3247: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3165: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3013:on June 7, 2011 3001: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2636:. Erie Canalway 2630:"Erie Canalway" 2628: 2627: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2599: 2598: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2562:"Canal History" 2560: 2559: 2552: 2533: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2462: 2461: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2428: 2427: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2338: 2337: 2328: 2321: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2234: 2232: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2182: 2180: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2057: 2055: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1991: 1990: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1934: 1933: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1891: 1890: 1881: 1871: 1869: 1858: 1857: 1848: 1841: 1828: 1827: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1797: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1766: 1765: 1750: 1733: 1726: 1724: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1668:on May 24, 2017 1659: 1658: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1599: 1589: 1587: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1535: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1466: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1239:Lower Manhattan 1212: 1162:In 1910, pilot 1112:Hamilton County 996: 932:J. M. W. Turner 897: 891: 828:Champlain Canal 788: 783: 734:Benedict Arnold 718:Philip Schuyler 705:Barry St. Leger 657:Fort Montgomery 642:Fort Washington 607:Thomas Knowlton 520: 492:Albany Congress 464: 395:, and out into 377: 326: 321: 277:Iroquois nation 214: 95: 12: 11: 5: 6168: 6166: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6137: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6123: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6104:Ten Mile River 6101: 6099:Fishkill Creek 6096: 6091: 6086: 6080: 6078: 6074: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5846: 5839: 5832: 5829:WDCD (1540 AM) 5825: 5818: 5811: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5730: 5729: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5354: 5352: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5230: 5228: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5088: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4888: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4782: 4781: 4758: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4733: 4727: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4701: 4692: 4678: 4660: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4542: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4512: 4494: 4487:Pittsfield, MA 4476: 4462: 4424: 4406: 4392: 4354: 4339: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4285: 4267: 4249: 4227: 4205: 4183: 4161: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4125:Manchester, VT 4122: 4120:Bennington, VT 4117: 4115:Pittsfield, MA 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4020:The Saratogian 4016: 4009: 4002: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3940: 3938: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3903: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3863: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586:East Greenbush 3583: 3578: 3573: 3567: 3565: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3484: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3456: 3446: 3440: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3339:External links 3337: 3335: 3334: 3306: 3273: 3240: 3228:Nysm.nysed.gov 3215: 3204:. May 30, 1965 3187: 3153: 3127: 3097: 3082: 3068: 3050: 3024: 2994: 2971: 2964: 2941: 2911: 2897: 2877: 2850: 2827: 2805: 2791: 2774: 2747: 2722: 2695: 2666:Finch, Roy G. 2647: 2618: 2607:. U.S. History 2605:Ushistory.org/ 2583: 2550: 2523: 2514: 2507: 2481: 2448: 2416: 2383: 2357: 2326: 2319: 2296: 2267: 2242: 2216: 2190: 2164: 2136: 2122: 2102: 2065: 2039: 2013: 1979: 1954: 1924: 1904:(1): 214–246. 1879: 1846: 1840:978-0801495854 1839: 1818: 1785: 1748: 1707: 1679: 1641: 1597: 1569: 1548: 1533: 1507: 1479: 1464: 1458:. p. 11. 1436: 1400: 1382: 1356: 1335: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1297:humpback whale 1211: 1208: 1180:major cities. 1173:Spuyten Duyvil 1128:General Motors 1030:East Greenbush 995: 992: 928:John Constable 924:Claude Lorrain 893:Main article: 890: 887: 872:Delaware River 787: 784: 782: 779: 561:was fought in 519: 516: 494:took place at 463: 460: 401:New Netherland 376: 373: 367:settlement in 325: 322: 320: 317: 273:Mohawk Indians 258:Lake Champlain 213: 210: 157:Delaware River 94: 91: 60:New Netherland 52:Delaware River 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6167: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 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Blue Seas 2987:19 December 2740:18 February 2601:"Canal Era" 2435:Dmna.ny.gov 2203:History.com 1963:"City Hall" 1727:February 3, 1452:Netherlands 1349:18 February 1328:18 February 1301:63rd Street 1295:In 2016, a 1235:Jersey City 1145:Mount Marcy 1096:North Creek 1080:Glens Falls 1044:. When the 1019:Schenectady 1004:Jersey City 955:Thomas Cole 953:The artist 864:Seneca Lake 860:Cayuga Lake 714:Lake George 567:the Narrows 552:New England 416:Fort Orange 153:North River 149:Noortrivier 56:South River 54:called the 47:North River 6139:Categories 6018:Willamette 6013:Lackawanna 5994:Rio Grande 5945:Blackstone 4695:WBAX-LD 47 4663:WCDC-TV 19 4497:W35DU-D 35 4479:W28DA-D 28 4409:W21CP-D 21 4389:Cobleskill 4276:, 51.2/.3 4095:Albany, NY 4044:Television 3991:Newspapers 3882:Erie Canal 3791:Washington 3766:Rensselaer 3761:Montgomery 3695:Rensselaer 3680:Kinderhook 3665:Duanesburg 3655:Cobleskill 3616:Watervliet 3537:Queensbury 3140:Dot.ny.gov 2058:January 5, 2032:January 5, 2006:January 5, 1972:January 5, 1947:January 5, 1917:January 4, 1465:9004129065 1429:January 6, 1422:. p. 1308:References 1279:watercraft 967:West Point 963:Erie Canal 810:, then to 804:Erie Canal 763:John André 726:John Stark 584:East River 532:Revolution 473:'s famous 393:East River 338:Florentine 330:John Cabot 296:longhouses 232:, and the 230:Wappingers 222:Algonquins 191:, and the 181:Tappan Zee 161:Zuidrivier 87:Erie Canal 83:wilderness 30:Hudson Bay 5999:St. Johns 5350:call sign 5227:frequency 4675:Adams, MA 4519:Heartland 4505:Adams, MA 4459:Greenwich 4240:TV, 23.3 4006:Metroland 3969:Education 3859:Geography 3829:Beverwyck 3781:Schoharie 3715:Waterford 3700:Sand Lake 3576:Brunswick 3542:Rotterdam 3532:Niskayuna 3517:Glenville 3502:Bethlehem 3453:City Hall 3438:City Hall 3327:March 24, 3266:April 30, 2474:March 10, 2441:March 10, 2409:March 10, 2376:March 10, 2350:March 10, 2289:March 10, 1700:March 28, 1474:191935005 1267:climb out 1055:began at 920:sublimity 808:Lake Erie 786:Canal era 767:HMS 626:Scarsdale 340:explorer 334:Old World 328:In 1497, 246:Manhattan 5959:Cuyahoga 4773:New York 4704:W52DF 52 4435:France24 4224:PBS Kids 4105:Troy, NY 3932:Religion 3814:Mohicans 3771:Saratoga 3746:Columbia 3733:Counties 3611:Schodack 3527:Halfmoon 3208:June 26, 3075:June 23, 3043:March 4, 3017:June 26, 2934:June 26, 2904:June 26, 2870:June 26, 2843:June 23, 2839:. Apollo 2820:June 26, 2798:June 23, 2767:June 26, 2715:March 7, 2688:March 7, 2640:March 7, 2611:March 6, 2576:March 6, 2260:March 9, 2235:March 9, 2209:March 8, 2183:March 8, 2157:March 8, 2129:March 8, 2095:March 8, 1872:June 26, 1811:June 11, 1778:June 26, 1737:cite web 1543:32859161 1108:titanium 915:pastoral 840:Montreal 746:Kingston 666:Peeksill 563:Brooklyn 540:Montreal 500:Iroquois 424:Kingston 412:Wiltwyck 305:sturgeon 254:Kingston 234:Mahicans 118:Iroquois 5984:Potomac 5969:Hanalei 5964:Detroit 5800:Defunct 5761:WVCR-FM 5749:WTRY-FM 5744:WTMM-FM 5685:WQBK-FM 5658:WPBZ-FM 5653:WOPG-FM 5643:WOOS-LP 5638:WOOG-LP 5633:WOOC-LP 5628:WOOA-LP 5606:WMHT-FM 5596:WKLI-FM 5549:WHAZ-FM 5510:WGNA-FM 5465:WCAA-LP 5453:WAMC-FM 5339:107.7-3 5334:107.7-1 5329:106.5-2 5324:106.5-1 5319:105.7-2 5314:105.7-1 5309:103.1-2 5304:103.1-1 5299:102.3-2 5294:102.3-1 4767:– 4763:– 4689:Hagaman 4681:WCDB 29 4653:WEDG-TV 4576:, 45.1 4455:NewsNet 4453:, 25.8 4449:, 25.7 4445:, 25.6 4441:, 25.5 4437:, 25.4 4427:WVBG-LD 4385:NewsNet 4383:, 14.8 4379:, 14.7 4375:, 14.6 4371:, 14.5 4367:, 14.4 4357:WYBN-LD 4343:WNCE-CD 4322:, 55.9 4318:, 55.8 4314:, 55.7 4310:, 55.6 4306:, 55.5 4302:, 55.4 4298:, 55.3 4294:, 55.2 4288:WYPX-TV 4282:H&I 4280:, 51.4 4262:, 45.4 4260:Charge! 4258:, 45.2 4244:, 23.4 4230:WXXA-TV 4222:, 17.4 4218:, 17.3 4214:, 17.2 4200:, 13.4 4196:, 13.3 4192:, 13.2 4180:Mystery 4178:, 10.4 4174:, 10.3 4170:, 10.2 3936:culture 3809:Mohawks 3801:History 3463:history 3433:history 3180:June 7, 2499:522–523 2468:Nps.gov 2403:Wpi.edu 2177:Nps.gov 1772:Nps.gov 1672:May 24, 1634:May 25, 1271:ditched 1088:Corinth 1042:Buffalo 812:Buffalo 775:Vulture 769:Vulture 611:rangers 550:hub of 548:patriot 309:herring 292:Wigwams 155:", the 126:Mohican 6077:Basins 5974:Hudson 5938:Rivers 5532:WGY-FM 5433:W284BZ 5428:W282CU 5423:W282BI 5418:W275BS 5413:W263CG 5408:W261DP 5403:W260CH 5398:W256BU 5393:W254DA 5388:W248AX 5383:W246DS 5378:W240EC 5373:W235AY 5368:W232CE 5363:W230DK 5358:W226AC 5289:99.5-2 5284:99.5-1 5279:98.3-2 5274:98.3-1 5269:90.3-2 5264:90.3-1 5259:89.1-2 5254:89.1-1 5234:162.55 5203:W282CU 5198:W282BI 5194:104.3 4761:Albany 4712:Albany 4578:The CW 4507:, via 4489:, via 4451:Action 4429:(25.1 4419:, via 4381:Action 4359:(14.1 4296:Bounce 4290:(55.1 4278:Catchy 4272:(51.1 4254:(45.1 4232:(23.1 4216:Create 4210:(17.1 4188:(13.1 4166:(10.1 4156:, 6.3 4152:, 6.2 3871:Valley 3786:Warren 3756:Greene 3751:Fulton 3741:Albany 3705:Scotia 3621:Wilton 3581:Cohoes 3429:Albany 3066: 2962: 2895: 2789: 2505: 2317: 2120: 1837: 1541: 1531: 1472: 1462: 1015:Albany 942:. 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Knowledge (XXG)

History of the Hudson River

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