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from
Palestine, was a large circular icon only of her head. When the icon arrived in Constantinople, it was fitted in as the head in a very large rectangular icon of Mary holding the Christ child; it is this composite icon that became the one historically known as the Hodegetria. Another tradition
163:
Another account says the bearers staggered around the crowd, the icon seeming to lurch towards onlookers, who were then considered blessed by the Virgin. Clergy touched pieces of cotton-wool to the icon and handed them out to the crowd. A wall-painting in a church near Arta in Greece shows a great
158:
Every
Tuesday twenty men come to the church of Maria Hodegetria; they wear long red linen garments, covering up their heads like stalking clothes there is a great procession and the men clad in red go one by one up to the icon; the one with whom the icon is pleased is able to take it up as if it
118:
The original icon has probably now been lost, although various traditions claim that it was carried to Russia or Italy. There are a great number of copies of the image, including many of the most venerated of
Russian icons, which have themselves acquired their own status and tradition of copying.
67:
at her side while pointing to him as the source of salvation for humankind. The Virgin's head usually inclines towards the child, who raises his hand in a blessing gesture. Metals are often used to draw attention to young Christ, reflecting light and shining in a way to embody divinity. In the
362:. Unfortunately, over the centuries this icon has been subjected to repeated repainting, so that it is difficult to determine what the original image of Mary's face would have looked like. However, Guarducci also claims that in 1950 an ancient image of Mary at the Church of
228:. Many versions carry the inscription "Hodegetria" in the background and in the Byzantine context "only these named versions were understood by their medieval audience as conscious copies of the original Hodegetria in the Hodegon monastery", according to Maria Vasilakē.
159:
weighed almost nothing. He places it on his shoulder and they go chanting out of the church to a great square, where the bearer of the icon walks with it from one side to the other, going fifty times around the square. When he sets it down then others take it up in turn.
127:
There are a number of images showing the icon in its shrine and in the course of being displayed publicly, which happened every
Tuesday, and was one of the great sights of Constantinople for visitors. After the
528:
171:
picture of the shrine in the monastery appears to show the icon behind a golden screen of large mesh, mounted on brackets rising from a four-sided pyramidal base, like many large medieval
366:
was determined to be a very exact, but reverse mirror image of the original circular icon that was made in the 5th century and brought to Rome, where it has remained until the present.
2126:
220:, this image became more widely used, possibly developing from an earlier type where the Virgin's right hand was on Christ's knee. An example of this earlier type is the
358:, who likewise had it inserted into a larger image of Mary and the Christ child, which is presently enshrined above the high altar of the Benedictine Abbey church of
91:, which was built specially to contain it. Unlike most later copies it showed the Theotokos standing full-length. It was said to have been brought back from the
254:(Virgin of Tender Mercy), where Mary still indicates Christ, but he is nuzzling her cheek, which she slightly inclines towards him; famous versions include the
407:
463:
151:, and since none of the illustrations of the shrine at the Hodegetria Monastery predate this interlude, the shrine may have been created after its return.
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983:(in Polish, English, and Hungarian). Łódź-Pelplin: Wydawnictwo Konserwatorów Dzieł Sztuki, Wydawnictwo Bernardinum. p. 302. Archived from
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2009:
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1037:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains many examples of Hodegetria
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This icon, dated by art historians to the 11th century, is believed to have been destroyed by fire during the
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crowd watching such a display, whilst a street-market for unconcerned locals continues in the foreground.
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An
Italian tradition relates that the original icon of Mary attributed to Luke, sent by Eudocia to
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in 1941. A number of churches all over Russia are dedicated to the
Smolensk Hodegetria, e.g., the
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There are a number of accounts of the weekly display, the two most detailed by
Spaniards:
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175:. The heads of the red-robed attendants are level with the bottom frame of the icon.
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Type of depiction of the Virgin Mary in iconography, especially of the
Eastern Church
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1329:
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on the other side, and was "perhaps the most prominent cult object in
Byzantium".
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An
Italian "original" icon of the Hodegetria in Rome features in the crime novel
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64:
60:
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805:
Warren Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford, 1997
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The Italian tradition spread also to Malta in the sixteenth century and the
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Some Russians, however, believe that after the fall of Constantinople,
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of the Hodegetria type, regarded as the original, was displayed in the
1001:
Images of the Mother of God: Perceptions of the Theotokos in Byzantium
208:, (c. 1230) shows the Byzantine influence on Italian 13th-century art
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Full-length versions, both probably made by Greek artists, appear in
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Perhaps a lay confraternity – they are shown inside the shrine in a
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302:. On several occasions, it was brought with great ceremony to
1003:. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Co. p. 196.
350:
states that when the last Latin Emperor of Constantinople,
377:, in the Jonathan Argyll series of art history mysteries.
39:; a full-length figure like the original in Constantinople
611:
796:
Cormack:61 for display, 58 and illustration 9 for shrine
247:(c. 1150), this last with the "Hodegetria" inscription.
696:
Pentcheva, Bissera V. (2006). "The Performative Icon".
290:'s icon surfaced in Russia, where it was placed in the
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was built in her honour. Her feast day is August 10.
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1996:
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972:Painting the Soul: Icons, Death Masks and Shrouds
262:. Usually Christ is on the left in these images.
156:
931:. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1991, 93-101.
1298:
1056:
107:the evangelist, the attributed author of the
8:
842:A History of Ideas and Images in Italian Art
716:A History of Ideas and Images in Italian Art
769:of c. 1300 (Berlin), Cormack illustration 9
457:The Theotokos of the Passion (17th century)
1943:
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1168:The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland
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883:"Image: Montevergine4.jpg, (238 × 340 px)"
2127:Eastern Orthodox icons of the Virgin Mary
1729:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
212:In the 10th century, after the period of
186:. It may have been cut into four pieces.
132:, from 1204 to 1261, it was moved to the
30:
23:Version of the Theotokos of Smolensk by
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103:(408–450), and to have been painted by
1034:Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557)
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445:The Theotokos of Perivleptos (c. 1350)
72:this type of icon is sometimes called
671:
642:
413:Full-length mosaic by Greek artists,
182:in 1453 when it was deposited at the
7:
906:. vultus.stblogs.org. Archived from
862:"Image: madonna.jpg, (300 × 556 px)"
844:, p.126, 1983, John Murray, London,
111:. The icon was double-sided, with a
85:Monastery of the Panaghia Hodegetria
718:, p.91, 1983, John Murray, London,
380:It gives its name to the church of
778:Cormack:59-61 – Pero Tafur in 1437
250:From the Hodegetria developed the
14:
929:The Primacy of the Church of Rome
623:'She who points the Way'
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391:is dedicated to the Hodegetria.
382:Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone
274:The shrine of the Hodegetria in
178:The icon disappeared during the
2056:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
1477:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
1472:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
632:[(h)o.d̪e̝ˈɡˠe̝.tri.a]
1:
813:. Four pieces from Cormack:59
315:German occupation of Smolensk
35:12th-century plaque found in
2122:Black Madonna of Częstochowa
612:
549:Black Madonna of Częstochowa
134:Monastery of the Pantocrator
734:Vasilakē; op & page cit
704:(4): 633 – via JSTOR.
673:[ɐ.dʲɪˈɡʲi.trʲɪ.jə]
664:
389:Chapel of Our Lady of Itria
337:as "Our Lady of Smolensk."
2155:
981:"Częstochowska Hodegetria"
787:Cormack: illustration p.60
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2072:
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1523:Bilocation to Saint James
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1239:
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1072:Titles of the Virgin Mary
979:Kurpik, Wojciech (2008).
974:. London: Reaktion Books.
831:Vasilakē; op and page cit
653:
260:Theotokos of St. Theodore
2117:5th-century Christianity
1575:Protoevangelium of James
999:Vasilakē, Maria (2004).
644:[o̞.ðiˈʝi.tri.ɐ]
492:Mother of Perpetual Help
333:. They may refer to the
1966:Golden Madonna of Essen
1555:Woman of the Apocalypse
970:Cormack, Robin (1997).
763:manuscript illumination
572:Panagia Ierosolymitissa
327:Odigitrievsky Cathedral
239:(12th century) and the
136:, which had become the
1843:Alma Redemptoris Mater
1792:Our Lady of Navigators
1262:Catholicism portal
1233:Our Lady of the Pillar
1228:Our Lady of Navigators
1223:Our Lady of Luxembourg
1118:Lady of Perpetual Help
947:www.kappellimaltin.com
927:Margherita Guarducci,
669:Russian pronunciation:
470:Christodoulos Kalergis
364:Santa Francesca Romana
283:
266:Hodegetria of Smolensk
209:
180:Fall of Constantinople
161:
99:, the wife of emperor
40:
28:
2028:Theotokos of Vladimir
1457:Presentation of Jesus
1394:Immaculate Conception
1314:Mary, mother of Jesus
1208:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1103:Immaculate Conception
864:. avellinomagazine.it
822:Maria Vasilakē, p.196
567:Mary, mother of Jesus
371:Death and Restoration
278:, as photographed by
273:
256:Theotokos of Vladimir
206:Berlinghiero of Lucca
197:
147:during the period of
34:
22:
1213:Our Lady of the Hens
1203:Our Lady of the Fire
1108:Lady of Good Counsel
885:. mariadinazareth.it
431:Theotokos of Tikhvin
292:Assumption Cathedral
2010:Madonna del Rosario
1914:Maria mater gratiae
1890:Sub tuum praesidium
1848:Ave Regina caelorum
1802:Our Lady of Victory
1797:Our Lady of Sorrows
1440:Virginal motherhood
1414:Perpetual virginity
1267:Christianity portal
1218:Our Lady of Lourdes
1193:Our Lady of Charity
521:Dietisalvi di Speme
308:Novodevichy Convent
222:Salus Populi Romani
190:Spread of the image
79:The most venerated
74:Our Lady of the Way
2137:Virgin Mary in art
2051:Life of the Virgin
1767:Life-giving Spring
1757:Help of Christians
1467:Return to Nazareth
1409:Marriage to Joseph
1272:Visual arts portal
1198:Our Lady of Fátima
1148:Madonna of Majesty
1128:Lady of the Rosary
1093:Help of Christians
582:Virgin of Vladimir
319:Smolensky Cemetery
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237:Torcello Cathedral
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37:Torcello Cathedral
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49:Virgin Hodegetria
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405:
401:
400:Eastern church
398:
396:
393:
342:
339:
323:St. Petersburg
267:
264:
191:
188:
130:Fourth Crusade
124:
123:Constantinople
121:
109:Gospel of Luke
89:Constantinople
70:Western Church
63:) holding the
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2135:
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2112:
2097:
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2095:Saints Portal
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2019:
2016:
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2004:Agiosoritissa
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1995:
1989:
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1961:Black Madonna
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1776:of all graces
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1158:Mystical Rose
1156:
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1129:
1126:
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1114:
1113:Lady of Peace
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
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1091:
1089:
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1084:
1083:Black Madonna
1081:
1080:
1077:
1073:
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1026:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:0-7546-3603-8
1006:
1002:
997:
987:on 2011-05-18
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
967:
963:
948:
944:
937:
934:
930:
924:
921:
910:on 2016-03-03
909:
905:
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884:
878:
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863:
857:
854:
851:
850:0-7195-3971-4
847:
843:
837:
834:
828:
825:
819:
816:
812:
811:0-8047-2630-2
808:
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781:
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768:
764:
758:
755:
749:
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731:
728:
725:
724:0-7195-3971-4
721:
717:
711:
708:
703:
699:
692:
689:
680:: Hodighitria
679:
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633:
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367:
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297:
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265:
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257:
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248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:Byzantine art
215:
207:
203:
200:
196:
189:
187:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
165:
160:
155:
152:
150:
149:Frankish rule
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
122:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Theodosius II
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
33:
26:
21:
2093:
2081:
2034:
2008:
1988:Stabat Mater
1970:
1858:Regina caeli
1853:Salve Regina
1752:Coredemptrix
1747:Christotokos
1707:month of May
1516:: later life
1497:Resurrection
1435:Annunciation
1404:Presentation
1387:: early life
1097:
1033:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
971:
950:. Retrieved
946:
936:
928:
923:
912:. Retrieved
908:the original
898:
887:. Retrieved
877:
866:. Retrieved
856:
841:
840:James Hall,
836:
827:
818:
801:
792:
783:
774:
757:
748:
739:
730:
715:
714:James Hall,
710:
701:
697:
691:
638:Modern Greek
596:
386:
379:
370:
368:
360:Montevergine
344:
312:
306:, where the
285:
249:
230:
211:
201:
184:Chora Church
177:
166:
162:
157:
153:
126:
117:
78:
73:
53:iconographic
48:
44:
42:
2018:Derzhavnaya
1680:Apparitions
1487:Crucifixion
626:Koinē Greek
601:Koinē Greek
113:crucifixion
65:Child Jesus
61:Virgin Mary
2111:Categories
2035:Hodegetria
1956:Assumption
1909:Magnificat
1714:Feast days
1669:Veneration
1633:Protestant
1567:Apocryphal
1545:Coronation
1540:Assumption
1492:Deposition
1447:Visitation
1098:Hodegetria
1019:1124558394
991:2011-03-31
964:References
952:2023-11-12
914:2015-09-05
889:2015-09-05
868:2015-09-05
743:Cormack:58
654:Одиги́трия
613:Hodēgḗtria
375:Iain Pears
373:(1996) by
352:Baldwin II
321:Church in
214:iconoclasm
202:Hodegetria
105:Saint Luke
45:Hodegetria
2132:Pulcheria
1865:Ave Maria
1838:Antiphons
1817:Theotokos
1772:Mediatrix
1719:Patronage
1702:Devotions
1697:Christmas
1598:Christian
1589:Mariology
1550:Queenship
1528:Dormition
1514:Tradition
1504:Pentecost
1385:Tradition
1354:Elizabeth
1332:(husband)
665:Odigítria
659:romanized
605:Ὁδηγήτρια
577:Theotokos
433:(c. 1300)
384:in Rome.
347:Pulcheria
335:Theotokos
138:cathedral
93:Holy Land
57:Theotokos
27:(c. 1500)
25:Dionisius
2083:Category
1919:Memorare
1880:Akathist
1638:Lutheran
1628:Orthodox
1611:Catholic
1606:Anglican
1350:(mother)
1344:(father)
678:Romanian
556:See also
415:Torcello
331:Ulan-Ude
325:and the
296:Smolensk
288:St. Luke
282:in 1912.
276:Smolensk
258:and the
224:icon in
173:lecterns
142:Venetian
51:, is an
2044:Related
1833:Angelus
1826:Prayers
1787:Panagia
1782:New Eve
1724:Shrines
1656:Islamic
1616:history
1425:In the
1342:Joachim
1138:Madonna
765:in the
752:Cormack
661::
650:Russian
621:
395:Gallery
245:Palermo
140:of the
97:Eudocia
2023:Eleusa
1924:Rosary
1902:Loreto
1897:Litany
1739:Titles
1330:Joseph
1322:Family
1088:Eleusa
1017:
1007:
848:
809:
722:
508:, 1284
506:Duccio
304:Moscow
300:Russia
233:mosaic
1978:Pietà
1875:Hymns
1649:Other
1621:papal
1427:Bible
1399:Birth
1338:(son)
1336:Jesus
1163:Pietà
588:Notes
47:, or
1997:East
1948:West
1685:list
1533:Tomb
1377:Life
1348:Anne
1015:OCLC
1005:ISBN
846:ISBN
807:ISBN
720:ISBN
619:lit.
562:Icon
429:The
226:Rome
167:The
81:icon
1939:Art
676:;
329:in
294:in
235:in
216:in
204:by
145:see
95:by
87:in
2113::
1013:.
945:.
702:88
700:.
656:,
652::
635:,
616:,
607:,
603::
298:,
243:,
76:.
43:A
1778:)
1774:(
1306:e
1299:t
1292:v
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
1021:.
994:.
955:.
917:.
892:.
871:.
647:;
628::
59:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
