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reference groups have been established (e.g., schizophrenics, depressives, delinquents, neurotics, and alcoholics). The 6 factors representing the most important variables have proven useful in clinical applications of the HIT. A large number of studies have confirmed the technique's differential validity, supported by findings from longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural investigations. Several hundred studies have been published on the relationships between HIT variables and other measures of personality. Still other investigations of external validity have been conducted using physiological and behavioral measures as well as personality questionnaires. Results from studies using the German version of the HIT are summarized and recent advances with the HIT are discussed.
77:
36:
172:
303:
234:
663:
22 quantitative variables were developed covering most of the scoring categories and dimensions used with the
Rorschach. High reliability coefficients have been reported in a large number of investigations. Although the HIT has been in clinical use for 25 yrs, norms for several important clinical
844:
837:
436:
the apparent primacy of color, including black, gray and white, as a response-determinate. score 0=no use of color, 1=secondary to form, 2=primary determinant with some form present, 3=primary determinant
830:
310:
The
Holtzman Inkblot Test (HIT) was invented as an attempt to address some issues surrounding the Rorschach Inkblot Test. The HIT was used to assess the personal structure of the subject.
816:
Holtzman, W. H., & Swartz, J. D. (1983). The
Holtzman Inkblot Technique: A review of 25 years of research. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 4(3), 241–259.
451:
the apparent primacy of shading as response determinant. 0=no use of shading, 1=secondary to form, 2=used as primary determinant but some form is present, 3= primary determinant
892:
465:
the energy level of movement or potential movement ascribed to the percept, regardless of content. 0=none, 1=static potential, 2=casual, 3=dynamic, 4=violent movement
294:. The HIT is a standardized measurement. The Holtzman Inkblot Test was developed as an attempt to address some controversial issues surrounding the Rorschach test.
1028:
408:
the definiteness of the form of the concept reported, regardless of the goodness of fit to the inkblot. a 5-point scale with 0=very vague and 4=very specific
944:
49:
1038:
87:
882:
897:
887:
577:
degree of anxiety or fantasy content as indicated by emotions and attitudes, expressive behavior, symbolism, or cultural stereotypes of fear.
318:
The scoring includes 22 variables covering the aspects of the patient's response to the inkblot. Many different variables apply when scoring.
605:
reference to any protective covering, shell, membrane or skin that may be symbolically related to the perception of body image boundaries.
619:
concept that may be symbolic of an individual's feeling that his body exterior is of little protective value and can be easily penetrated
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about whether or not the technique is considered scientifically valid, and whether or not it is still used, and how the test is given.
1023:
730:
954:
877:
801:
770:
242:" book showing an inkblot and pointing out different areas. The text provides some example interpretations and how these are scored.
211:
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Holtzman and Swartz (1983) undertook a review of 25 years of research on the standardization of the HIT. They reported that:
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902:
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691:
1090:
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681:
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380:
tendency to break down blot into smaller fragments. score 0=use of whole blot, 1=large area, 2=smaller area
716:
1059:
869:
861:
138:
822:
422:
the goodness of fit of the form of the precept to the form of the inkblot. Score 0=poor 1=fair, 2=good
366:
score 1 when subject returns inkblot to examiner without giving a scorable response; otherwise score 0
996:
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the time in seconds from the presentation of the inkblot to the beginning of the first response
912:
797:
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762:
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280:
94:
932:
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964:
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Holtzman inkblots interpretation are graded according to a number of pre-defined criteria.
284:
493:
score 1=organization of 2 or more adequately perceived blot elements into a larger whole
185:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
981:
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degree of autistic, bizarre thinking evident in the response as rated on a five scale.
291:
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977:
853:
276:
17:
254:
991:
857:
76:
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171:
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overt concern for the symmetry-asymmetry feature of the inkblot.
647:
percept occurred at least 14% of the time among normal subjects
826:
165:
70:
29:
394:
score 1=true figure-ground reversals; score 0 otherwise
792:. San Francisco, California: Jossey-bass Inc. pp.
761:. San Francisco, California: Jossey-bass Inc. pp.
98:
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and colleagues. It was first introduced in 1961 as a
279:
aimed at detecting personality and was conceived by
1047:
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963:
931:
868:
507:degree of human quality in the content of response
247:
226:
1039:Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
733:. The Psychological Corporation. Archived from
661:
893:Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities
838:
8:
535:degree of "gut-like" quality in the content
103:introducing citations to additional sources
945:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
731:"Children's IQ Test: Holtzman Inkblot Test"
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
937:
845:
831:
823:
563:degree of abstract quality in the content
232:
1029:Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
883:Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
549:degree of sexual quality in the content
521:degree of animal quality in the content
325:
93:Relevant discussion may be found on the
898:Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
709:
591:signs of hostility or fantasy content
322:22 variables and abbreviations applied
223:
7:
1024:Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
789:Advances in Psychological Assessment
758:Advances in Psychological Assessment
888:Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales
240:Inkblot Perception and Personality
25:
955:Revised NEO Personality Inventory
878:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
45:This article has multiple issues.
170:
86:relies largely or entirely on a
75:
34:
238:From Holtzman's original 1961 "
53:or discuss these issues on the
1070:Vineland Social Maturity Scale
1:
1034:Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure
923:Binet-Simon Intelligence Test
1065:Benton Visual Retention Test
918:Raven's Progressive Matrices
114:"Holtzman Inkblot Technique"
908:Differential Ability Scales
903:Cognitive Assessment System
27:Projective personality test
1107:
973:Thematic apperception test
692:Thematic Apperception Test
265:Holtzman Inkblot Technique
227:Holtzman Inkblot Technique
1055:Mental status examination
1002:Sentence completion tests
940:
473:Pathognomic Verbalization
231:
786:McRenolds, Paul (1975).
755:McRenolds, Paul (1975).
682:Picture Arrangement Test
1016:Neuropsychological test
719:, The Free Dictionary.
717:Holtzman Ink Blot Test
666:
307:
181:is missing information
1060:Wechsler Memory Scale
986:Holtzman inkblot test
305:
273:Holtzman Inkblot Test
271:), also known as the
18:Holtzman Inkblot Test
997:Animal Metaphor Test
697:Blacky Pictures Test
654:Test standardization
416:Form Appropriateness
99:improve this article
729:Holtzman, Wayne H.
950:16PF Questionnaire
870:Intelligence tests
308:
1078:
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933:Personality tests
913:Ammons Quick Test
651:
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402:Form Definiteness
281:Wayne H. Holtzman
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16:(Redirected from
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97:. Please help
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978:Ink blot test
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854:Psychological
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737:on 2012-01-08
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277:ink blot test
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110:Find sources:
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88:single source
84:This article
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739:. Retrieved
735:the original
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338:Description
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155:October 2017
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47:Please help
44:
1048:Other tests
992:Szondi test
858:psychiatric
613:Penetration
487:Integration
741:2011-09-27
704:References
677:Pareidolia
285:projective
125:newspapers
50:improve it
585:Hostility
360:Rejection
187:talk page
95:talk page
56:talk page
1085:Category
670:See also
557:Abstract
459:Movement
374:Location
332:Variable
275:, is an
195:May 2021
862:testing
794:246–247
641:Popular
627:Balance
599:Barrier
571:Anxiety
529:Anatomy
445:Shading
335:Abbrev.
314:Scoring
298:Purpose
255:D006698
139:scholar
800:
769:
515:Animal
141:
134:
127:
120:
112:
501:Human
430:Color
388:Space
146:JSTOR
132:books
856:and
798:ISBN
767:ISBN
616:(Pn)
602:(Br)
588:(Hs)
574:(Ax)
560:(Ab)
546:(Sx)
532:(At)
448:(Sh)
419:(FA)
405:(FD)
349:(RT)
263:The
249:MeSH
118:news
763:245
644:(P)
630:(B)
543:Sex
518:(A)
504:(H)
490:(I)
476:(V)
462:(M)
433:(C)
391:(S)
377:(L)
363:(R)
329:No.
269:HIT
101:by
1087::
984:,
796:.
765:.
638:22
624:21
610:20
596:19
582:18
568:17
554:16
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59:.
988:)
980:(
846:e
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62:(
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