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116:) rotates underneath it, thereby obtaining detailed images of the audio information. Depending on whether the groove is cut laterally, vertically, or in a V-shape, the system may make use of tracking lasers or different lighting strategies to make the groove visible to the camera. The resulting images are then processed with software that converts the movement of the groove into a digital audio file.
124:, which cannot be played with a stylus. Media played on machines which are no longer produced can also be recovered. Many skips or damaged areas can be reconstituted by IRENE without the noises that would be created by stylus playback. However, it can also result in the reproduction of more noise, as imperfections in the groove are also more finely captured than with a stylus.
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An advantage of the system over traditional stylus playback is that it is contactless, and so avoids damaging the audio carrier or wearing out the groove during playback. It also allows for the reconstruction of already broken or damaged media such as cracked cylinders or delaminating
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The audio excavation could give a new primacy to the phonautograph, once considered a curio, and its inventor, Édouard-Léon Scott de
Martinville, a Parisian typesetter and tinkerer who went to his grave convinced that credit for his breakthroughs had been improperly bestowed on
88:. By 2005, Haber and Fadeyev had developed two-dimensional and three-dimensional machines, capable of recovering audio from vertically-cut and laterally-cut grooved media. Soon after, Haber and Fadeyev were contacted by the
756:
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Tian, Baozhong, Samuel
Sambasivam, and John Barron. "Practical digital playback of gramophone records using flat-bed scanner images." Audio Engineering Society Convention 131. Audio Engineering Society,
389:
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Boltryk, P. J., et al. "Noncontact surface metrology for preservation and sound recovery from mechanical sound recordings." Journal of the Audio
Engineering Society 56.7/8 (2008): 545-559.
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76:
detection experiments, and realized that the cameras he was using to set the detectors could also be used for detailed imaging of grooved audio recordings. The name IRENE is a
96:
to continue development of the system. As of 2020, IRENE machines are operated by three institutions – Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, the Library of Congress, and the
154:
616:
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IRENE audio preservation at the
Northeast Document Conservation Center: Developing workflows and standards for preservation projects that use innovative technology.
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Tian, Baozhong, and John L. Barron. "Using computer vision technology to play gramophone records." Journal of the Audio
Engineering Society 59.7/8 (2011): 514-538.
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780:" Audio Engineering Society Conference: AES 2023 International Conference on Audio Archiving, Preservation & Restoration. Audio Engineering Society, 2023.
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714:" Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 579.2 (2007): 901-904.
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of the phrase "Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.", and was chosen because the first audio recovered by the system was a recording of the song "
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617:"Rare audio recordings of #indigenous California languages, recorded more than 100 years ago, are now being saved by an #NSFfunded UC"
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The recording slowed down to match what is now believed to be the correct speed; the result reveals a man's voice, presumably Scott's.
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Reconstruction of
Recorded Sound from an Edison Cylinder Using Three-Dimensional Noncontact Optical Surface Metrology
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Saphir: Digitizing broken and cracked or delaminated lacquer 78 rpm records using a desktop optical scanner.
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Alternative
Digitization Approach for Stereo Phonograph Records Using Optical Audio Reconstruction.
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Analog/digital sound. National
Library of Serbia digital collection of 78 rpm gramophone records.
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Earliest recognizable recording of human voice, from 9 April 1860, converted into sound by IRENE
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McCann, M., P. Calamia, and N. Ailon. "Audio
Extraction from Optical Scans of Records." (2004).
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Optical Audio Reconstruction for Stereo Phonograph Records Using White Light Interferometry.
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A Laser Triangulation Approach for Optical Audio Reconstruction of Phonograph Records.
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institutions in the United States seeking to preserve and digitize historical audio.
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Fadeyev, Vitaliy; Haber, Carl; Maul, Christian; Mcbride, John W.; Golden, Mitchell.
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Challenges in Optical Recovery of Otherwise Unplayable Analogue Audio Disc Records.
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Reproduction of sound signal from gramophone records using 3d scene reconstruction.
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Saphir: optical playback of damaged and delaminated analogue audio disc records.
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92:, which began operating its own machine in 2006. In 2013, Haber was awarded a
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690:" Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 51.12 (2003): 1172-1185.
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Reconstruction of mechanically recorded sound by image processing.
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Reconstruction of Mechanically Recorded Sound by Image Processing
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766:" Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 11.3 (2018): 14-1.
762:
Chenot, Jean-Hugues, Louis Laborelli, and Jean-Étienne Noiré. "
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Chenot, Jean-Hugues, Louis Laborelli, and Jean-Etienne Noiré. "
731:" Review of National Center for Digitization 12 (2008): 37-42.
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and Vitaliy Fadeyev and was announced in a publication of the
700:" Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference. 2006.
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At Harvard, Technology Resurrects Long-Silent Voices Of Poets
134:
456:"Particle Physics Resurrects Alexander Graham Bell's Voice"
112:
that follows the groove path as the disc or cylinder (i.e.
773:" Journal of Digital Media Management 9.3 (2021): 262-278.
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Dead Media Beat: IRENE, reviving and restoring lost sounds
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Ghostly Voices From Thomas Edison’s Dolls Can Now Be Heard
216:
recordings from the 1880s, including an 1885 recording of
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Phonographic record sound extraction by image processing.
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Rare Stanley Brothers disc one step closer to restoration
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The IRENE system has been used to recover audio such as:
42:, and other grooved audio media. It is in use by several
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712:
Using optical metrology to reconstruct sound recordings.
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The Machine That's Saving the History of Recorded Sound
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A transcription disc containing rare recordings of the
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recordings from 1914–1916, documenting more than 78
784:
Using Optical Metrology to Restore Sound Recordings
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Li, Beinan, Jordan BL Smith, and Ichiro Fujinaga. "
223:A set of cylinders for talking dolls issued by the
832:Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
717:Li, Beinan, Simon de Leon, and Ichiro Fujinaga. "
789:Using Physics to Restore Early Sound Recordings
776:Chenot, Jean-Hugues, and Jean-Etienne Noiré. "
564:"Researchers Play Tune Recorded Before Edison"
8:
518:University of California, Berkeley Libraries
68:in 2003. It grew out of Haber's research in
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432:"You Can Play the Record, but Don't Touch"
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245:. These were collected by anthropologist
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202:The earliest recovered audio (1860), of
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258:Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology
430:Greenfieldboyce, Nell (15 July 2007).
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842:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
696:Tian, Baozhong, and John L. Barron. "
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24:Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.
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235:Indigenous languages of the Americas
707:Diss. Université de Fribourg, 2006.
686:Fadeyev, Vitaliy, and Carl Haber. "
34:stored on fragile or deteriorating
633:"How Edison Got His Groove Back".
262:University of California, Berkeley
189:Problems playing these files? See
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204:Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
72:; in the 1990s, he had worked on
808:, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories
769:Hawkins, Julia, and Bryce Roe. "
454:Marsh, Allison (30 April 2018).
345:Vitaliy Fadeyev and Carl Haber,
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54:The technology was developed at
30:technology designed to recover
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562:Rosen, Jody (27 March 2008).
267:Transcription discs from the
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599:U.S. News & World Report
613:National Science Foundation
241:, the last survivor of the
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710:Cornell, Earl W., et al. "
16:Digital imaging technology
748:Janukiewicz, Kristofer. "
308:) reading their own poems
280:Disc recordings from the
44:archives and preservation
514:The Digitization Process
727:Aleksandrović, Vesna. "
615:(NSF) (8 August 2017).
417:53 (2005), pp. 485–508.
367:New Sounds, Old Voices
256:, and are held by the
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473:A Voice from the Past
282:Woodberry Poetry Room
218:Alexander Graham Bell
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837:Digital preservation
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375:, February 26, 2014.
104:Design and operation
94:MacArthur Fellowship
36:phonograph cylinders
847:Library of Congress
822:American inventions
208:Au clair de la lune
167:Au clair de la lune
146:Au clair de la lune
114:phonograph cylinder
110:confocal microscope
90:Library of Congress
703:Stotzer, Sylvain.
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827:Audio engineering
549:"FirstSounds.ORG"
516:. Project IRENE,
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247:A.L. Kroeber
231:Wax cylinder
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32:analog audio
23:
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324:VisualAudio
243:Yahi people
86:The Weavers
74:Higgs boson
816:Categories
330:References
302:Ezra Pound
286:T.S. Eliot
271:Foundation
191:media help
60:Carl Haber
752:" (2016).
353:, 2003. (
206:singing "
78:backronym
621:Facebook
575:27 March
313:See also
251:linguist
220:'s voice
582:Edison.
227:in 1890
50:History
40:records
26:) is a
304:, and
742:2011.
639:video
535:Wired
84:" by
20:IRENE
671:WBUR
635:KQED
577:2008
249:and
239:Ishi
128:Uses
436:NPR
355:PDF
58:by
818::
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