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Brandt 1959, p. 153: " have been used more vaguely, confusedly, and in more different senses than the others we are considering. We suggest as a convenient usage, however, that a theory be called subjectivist
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of Firth's minimal requirements. There are also sensible restrictions to the trait of omniscience with respect to nonmoral facts. For instance, to make a moral judgment about a case of theft or murder on
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134:, disinterestedness, dispassionateness, consistency, and normalcy in all other respects. Notice that, by defining an Ideal Observer as omniscient with respect to nonmoral facts, Firth avoids
38:. In other words, ideal observer theory states that ethical judgments should be interpreted as statements about the reactions that a neutral and fully informed observer would have; "
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laid out a more sophisticated modern version. According to Firth, an ideal observer has the following specific characteristics: omniscience with respect to nonmoral facts,
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that would arise from defining an ideal observer as omniscient in both nonmoral and moral facts. A complete knowledge of morality is not born of itself but is an
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215:, according to it, any ethical assertion implies that somebody does, or somebody of a certain sort under certain conditions would, take
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Those using the ideal observer theory do not usually assert that ideal observers actually exist. An analogous idea in law is the
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The main idea is that ethical terms should be defined after the pattern of the following example: "
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96:. Ideal observer theory stands in opposition to other forms of ethical subjectivism (e.g.
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Firth, Roderick (March 1952). "Ethical
Absolutism and the Ideal Observer".
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112:(which denies that any moral propositions are true in any sense), and
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116:(which denies that moral sentences express propositions at all).
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it is not necessary to know about geological events in another
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42:is good" means "an ideal observer would approve of
126:espoused versions of the ideal observer theory.
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292:
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1239:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
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285:
277:
231:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
1271:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
167:
34:about the attitudes of a hypothetical
64:means "If anyone were, in respect of
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1287:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
272:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
84:This makes ideal observer theory a
102:individualist ethical subjectivism
14:
1509:Thought experiments in philosophy
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26:view which claims that ethical
1255:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
625:Value monism – Value pluralism
178:(1959). "Ethical Naturalism".
1:
1319:On the Genealogy of Morality
1279:Critique of Practical Reason
1530:
1247:A Treatise of Human Nature
1463:
598:Universal prescriptivism
387:Artificial intelligence
217:some specified attitude
82:
1311:The Methods of Ethics
549:Divine command theory
544:Ideal observer theory
20:Ideal observer theory
1428:Political philosophy
1398:Evolutionary ethics
1359:Reasons and Persons
1335:A Theory of Justice
489:Uncertain sentience
1393:Ethics in religion
1388:Descriptive ethics
1223:Nicomachean Ethics
219:toward something."
30:express truth-apt
1481:
1480:
1448:Social philosophy
1433:Population ethics
1423:Philosophy of law
1403:History of ethics
886:Political freedom
563:Euthyphro dilemma
354:Suffering-focused
156:reasonable person
140:emergent property
104:), as well as to
16:Meta-ethical view
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1514:Ethical theories
1471:
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1418:Moral psychology
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1343:Practical Ethics
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1327:Principia Ethica
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1231:Ethics (Spinoza)
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866:Moral imperative
324:Consequentialism
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186:Englewood Cliffs
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98:moral relativism
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901:Self-discipline
861:Moral hierarchy
809:Problem of evil
754:Double standard
744:Culture of life
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578:Non-cognitivism
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243:10.2307/2103988
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192:. p. 173.
176:Brandt, Richard
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132:omnipercipience
114:non-cognitivism
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57:is better than
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1438:Rehabilitation
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1303:Utilitarianism
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359:Utilitarianism
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262:External links
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237:(3): 317–345.
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213:if and only if
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181:Ethical Theory
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136:circular logic
128:Roderick Firth
36:ideal observer
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856:Moral courage
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593:Quasi-realism
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417:Environmental
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371:
365:
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339:Particularism
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190:Prentice Hall
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159:
157:
152:
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106:moral realism
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67:
60:
56:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1452:
1408:Human rights
1351:After Virtue
1077:Schopenhauer
851:Moral agency
724:Common sense
620:Universalism
588:Expressivism
568:Intuitionism
543:
539:Subjectivism
484:Terraforming
459:Professional
268:Impartiality
234:
230:
224:
216:
206:
179:
170:
153:
149:solar system
118:
110:error theory
90:universalist
86:subjectivist
83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
58:
54:
52:
43:
39:
35:
32:propositions
24:meta-ethical
19:
18:
1226:(c. 322 BC)
1092:Kierkegaard
911:Stewardship
688:Rousseauian
605:Rationalism
517:Cognitivism
464:Programming
439:Meat eating
412:Engineering
158:criterion.
94:cognitivism
1499:Metaethics
1488:Categories
1122:Bonhoeffer
831:Immorality
774:Eudaimonia
734:Conscience
729:Compassion
615:Skepticism
610:Relativism
527:Naturalism
507:Absolutism
479:Technology
329:Deontology
162:References
124:David Hume
120:Adam Smith
1494:Emergence
1383:Casuistry
1295:Either/Or
1202:Korsgaard
1197:Azurmendi
1162:MacIntyre
1102:Nietzsche
1032:Augustine
1027:Confucius
1007:Aristotle
983:Ethicists
941:Intrinsic
906:Suffering
816:Happiness
789:Free will
769:Etiquette
714:Authority
658:Epicurean
653:Confucian
648:Christian
583:Emotivism
407:Discourse
344:Pragmatic
316:Normative
28:sentences
1473:Category
1413:Ideology
1378:Axiology
1207:Nussbaum
1157:Frankena
1152:Anscombe
1142:Williams
1097:Sidgwick
1017:Valluvar
1012:Diogenes
997:Socrates
921:Theodicy
916:Sympathy
881:Pacifism
871:Morality
784:Fidelity
764:Equality
719:Autonomy
707:Concepts
668:Feminist
643:Buddhist
573:Nihilism
512:Axiology
469:Research
402:Computer
397:Business
198:59010075
92:form of
74:prefer x
1371:Related
1117:Tillich
1082:Bentham
1057:Spinoza
1052:Aquinas
1037:Mencius
951:Western
926:Torture
891:Precept
846:Loyalty
841:Liberty
836:Justice
749:Dignity
739:Consent
683:Kantian
673:Islamic
636:Schools
522:Realism
454:Nursing
449:Medical
434:Machine
374:Applied
270:in the
251:2103988
22:is the
1362:(1984)
1354:(1981)
1346:(1979)
1338:(1971)
1330:(1903)
1322:(1887)
1314:(1874)
1306:(1861)
1298:(1843)
1290:(1820)
1282:(1788)
1274:(1785)
1266:(1780)
1258:(1759)
1250:(1740)
1242:(1726)
1234:(1677)
1192:Taylor
1177:Parfit
1172:Singer
1147:Mackie
1022:Cicero
963:Virtue
896:Rights
821:Honour
678:Jewish
474:Sexual
382:Animal
364:Virtue
308:Ethics
249:
196:
100:, and
1454:Index
1216:Works
1187:Adams
1182:Nagel
1137:Dewey
1132:Rawls
1112:Barth
1107:Moore
1072:Hegel
1047:Xunzi
1002:Plato
992:Laozi
973:Wrong
946:Japan
936:Value
931:Trust
826:Ideal
693:Stoic
444:Media
429:Legal
247:JSTOR
145:Earth
1167:Hare
1127:Foot
1087:Mill
1067:Kant
1062:Hume
1042:Mozi
958:Vice
876:Norm
804:Evil
799:Good
759:Duty
499:Meta
422:Land
349:Role
334:Care
194:LCCN
122:and
88:yet
68:and
968:Vow
698:Tao
392:Bio
239:doi
76:to
1490::
245:.
235:12
233:.
188::
184:.
151:.
80:."
49:.
300:e
293:t
286:v
253:.
241::
200:.
78:y
70:y
66:x
62:"
59:y
55:x
47:"
44:x
40:x
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