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is probably nothing the use of which may not possibly be injurious in cases of exceptional intolerance. There are also many cases where in tracts with a specially malarious climate, or in circumstances of hard work and exposure, the people attribute beneficial effects to the habitual moderate use of these drugs; and there is evidence to show that the popular impression may have some basis in fact. Speaking generally, the
Commission are of opinion that the moderate use of hemp drugs appears to cause no appreciable physical injury of any kind. The excessive use does cause injury. As in the case of other intoxicants, excessive use tends to weaken the constitution and to render the consumer more susceptible to disease. In respect to the particular diseases which according to a considerable number of witnesses should be associated directly with hemp drugs, it appears to be reasonably established that the excessive use of these drugs does not cause asthma; that it may indirectly cause dysentery by weakening the constitution as above indicated; and that it may cause bronchitis mainly through the action of the inhaled smoke on the bronchial tubes (1:263-4).
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appreciable. The excessive use may certainly be accepted as very injurious, though it must be admitted that in many excessive consumers the injury is not clearly marked. The injury done by the excessive use is, however, confined almost exclusively to the consumer himself; the effect on society is rarely appreciable. It has been the most striking feature in this inquiry to find how little the effects of hemp drugs have obtruded themselves on observation. The large number of witnesses of all classes who professed never to have seen these effects, the vague statements made by many who professed to have observed them, the very few witnesses who could so recall a case as to give any definite account of it, and the manner in which a large proportion of these cases broke down on the first attempt to examine them, are facts which combine to show most clearly how little injury society has hitherto sustained from hemp drugs (1:264).
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injury. For the slightest mental stimulation or excitement may have that effect in such cases. But putting aside these quite exceptional cases, the moderate use of these drugs produces no mental injury. It is otherwise with the excessive use. Excessive use indicates and intensifies mental instability (1:264).
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In regard to the physical effects, the
Commission have come to the conclusion that the moderate use of hemp drugs is practically attended by no evil results at all. There may be exceptional cases in which, owing to idiosyncrasies of constitution, the drugs in even moderate use may be injurious. There
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In respect to the alleged mental effects of the drugs, the
Commission have come to the conclusion that the moderate use of hemp drugs produces no injurious effects on the mind. It may indeed be accepted that in the case of specially marked neurotic diathesis, even the moderate use may produce mental
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The
Commission have now examined all the evidence before them regarding the effects attributed to hemp drugs. It will be well to summarize briefly the conclusions to which they come. It has been clearly established that the occasional use of hemp in moderate doses may be beneficial; but this use may
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The report the commission produced was at least 3,281 pages long, with testimony from almost 1,200 "doctors, coolies, yogis, fakirs, heads of lunatic asylums, bhang peasants, tax gatherers, smugglers, army officers, hemp dealers, ganja palace operators and the clergy." A sociological analysis of the
159:
In regard to the moral effects of the drugs, the
Commission are of opinion that their moderate use produces no moral injury whatever. There is no adequate ground for believing that it injuriously affects the character of the consumer. Excessive consumption, on the other hand, both indicates and
170:
Viewing the subject generally, it may be added that the moderate use of these drugs is the rule, and that the excessive use is comparatively exceptional. The moderate use practically produces no ill effects. In all but the most exceptional cases, the injury from habitual moderate use is not
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be regarded as medicinal in character. It is rather to the popular and common use of the drugs that the
Commission will now confine their attention. It is convenient to consider the effects separately as affecting the physical, mental, or moral nature.
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This extensively well-prepared and thorough report summarised the effects (potentially negative) of cannabis in a chapter dedicated to that. Here is the end of that chapter:
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report reveals that the commission's visits to asylums all over India helped to undermine the then prevailing belief that consumption of ganja causes insanity.
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114:, Surgeon-Major C.J.H. Warden, Raja Soshi Sikhareshwar Roy, Kanwar Harnam Singh, and Lala Nihal Chand. Serving as secretary was Mr. H.J. McIntosh.
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95:, India. The Government of India convened a seven-member commission to look into these questions, commencing their study on 3 July 1893.
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Volume 2 of
Committees and Commissions in Pre-independence India, 1836–1947, M. Anees Chishti, pp. 192–196, Mittal Publications, 2001
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Ronen, Shamir; Hacker, Daphna (Spring 2001). "Colonialism's
Civilizing Mission: The Case of the Indian Hemp Drug Commission".
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Madness, Cannabis and
Colonialism: The 'Native Only' Lunatic Asylums of British India, 1857-1900
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suggested modifying the scope of the investigation to be expanded to include all of India.
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256:(2001). "Colonialism's Civilising Mission: The Case of the Indian Hemp Drug Commission".
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Psychedelics encyclopedia By Peter G. Stafford, Jeremy
Bigwood, Ronin Publishing, 1992
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Report, completed in 1894, was an Indo-British study of cannabis usage in
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http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/inhemp/ihmenu.htm
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Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission 1893-94 Eight Volume Set
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was concerned with the effects of hemp drugs in the province of
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List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
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Cannabis Britannica: Empire, Trade, and Prohibition, 1800-1928
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Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894–1895
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Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
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315:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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270:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2001.tb00184.x
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804:Great Legalisation Movement India
334:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
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386:Young, Hon W.Mackworth (2010).
254:Shamir Ronen and, Daphna Hacker
912:Cannabis in the United Kingdom
544:Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol
458:Cannabis in the United Kingdom
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927:Commissions in Colonial India
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351:Law & Social Inquiry
330:Mills, James H. (2000).
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496:Legislation
465:By location
118:Conclusions
881:Categories
638:Drugs Live
487:Montserrat
193:References
165:Discussion
56:March 2021
48:Wikisource
630:The Beach
482:Gibraltar
379:145757229
278:145757229
44:Wikiquote
31:contains
835:" (1971)
797:Politics
660:Mr. Nice
554:NORML UK
176:See also
733:History
472:Bermuda
222:4 March
867:(2016)
859:(2006)
851:(2004)
848:Charas
843:(1976)
840:Charas
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