48:, Johnson contrasts two views of development. According to the first, the maturational hypothesis, the relationship between structure and function (i.e. which parts of the brain perform a particular task) is static, and specific cognitive skills come “on-line” as the cortical circuitry intrinsic to a particular task matures. Johnson likens this to a "mosaic" view of development.
86:, which argues against a strong nativist (innate) view on development. Other key influences include Gilbert Gottlieb's theory of Probabilistic Epigenesis , a framework that emphasizes the reciprocity and ubiquity of gene-environment interaction in the realization of all phenotypes, and work on developmental disorders by
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being built according to a pre-specified genetic blueprint - rather, the components of the brain are interacting with each other constantly - even prenatally, when patterns of spontaneous firing of cells in the eyes (before they have opened) transmit signals that appear to help develop the layered structure of the
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According to the second, the
Interactive Specialization (IS) hypothesis, development is not a unidirectional maturational process, but rather a set of complex, dynamic and back-propagated interactions between genetics, brain, body and environment. Development is not a simple question of a brain
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The hypothesis has attracted increasing attention in recent years as a number of neuroimaging studies on younger children have provided data that appears to fit specific predictions made by
Johnson's model .
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Redcay E.; Haist F.; Courchesne E. (2008). "Paper: Functional neuroimaging of speech perception during a pivotal period in language acquisition".
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O'Leary D.D.M; Nakagawa Y. (2002). "Patterning centers, regulatory genes and extrinsic mechanisms controlling arealization of the neocortex".
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Amso D.; Casey B.J. (2006). "Paper: Beyond what develops when: neuroimaging may inform how cognition changes with development".
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Johnson, M.H. (2000). "Functional brain development in infants: Elements of an interactive specialization framework".
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is a theory of brain development proposed by the
British developmental cognitive neuroscientist
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Gottlieb, G., Lickliter, R. (2007). "FProbabilistic epigenesis".
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Rethinking
Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development
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