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buses work best when they are scheduled to arrive at the railway station shortly before the train arrives allowing enough time for commuters to comfortably walk to their train, and on the commuters' return journey buses are scheduled to arrive shortly after the train arrives so that the buses are waiting to take the commuters home. If train and bus services are very frequent then this scheduling is unimportant as the commuter will in any case have a very short wait to interchange.
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The effectiveness of a mixed-mode commute can be measured in many ways: speed to destination, convenience, security, environmental impact, and proximity to mass transit are all factors. Because mixed-mode commutes rely on a certain degree of coordination, scheduling issues with mass transit can often
807:
Several passenger rail systems offer services that allow travelers to bring their automobiles with them. These usually consist of automobile carrying wagons attached to normal passenger trains, but some special trains operate solely to transport automobiles. This is particularly of use in areas where
580:
are used to get to and from train and other public transportation stations; this form of intermodal passenger transport is often called "bike and ride". To safeguard against theft or vandalism of parked bicycles at these train, bus, and ferry stations, "bike and ride" transport benefits greatly from
1082:. These cost benefits are offset by costs of transit, which can vary. A Maryland MTA month pass valid for MTA Light Rail, Metro Subway, and City Bus costs $ 64, while a month pass for the Baltimore to DC MARC costs $ 175.00 and a DC MetroRail 7 day pass costs $ 47 totaling $ 182. In most of Europe
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In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on designing facilities that make such transfers easier and more seamless. These are intended to help passengers move from one mode (or form) of transportation to another. An intermodal station may service air, rail, and highway transportation
664:
Many cities have extended subway or rail service to major urban airports. This provides travellers with an inexpensive, frequent and reliable way to get to their flights as opposed to driving or being driven, and contending with full up parking, or taking taxis and getting caught in traffic jams on
629:
Many transit agencies have begun installing bike racks on the front of buses, as well as in the interior of buses, trains, and even on ferries. These transit bike racks allow cyclists the ability to ride their bicycle to the bus/train/ferry, take the mode of transportation, then ride again to their
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may cover most of the distance, but sit too far out from commute endpoints. At 3 mph walking, 2 miles represents about 40 minutes of commute time; whereas a bicycle may pace 12 mph leisurely, cutting this time to 10 minutes. When the commuter finds the distance between the originating
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while offsetting some of the major disadvantages of each. The use of a bicycle can, for example, make an (inexpensive compared to a car) 20 mile light-rail or suburban rail journey attractive even if the endpoints of the journey each sit 1 mile out from the stations: the 30 minutes walking time
548:
Feeder buses are a specific example of this; feeder buses service local neighbourhoods by taking travellers from their homes to nearby train stations which is important if the distances are too far to comfortably walk; at the end of the working day the buses take the travellers home again. Feeder
523:
Similar to park and ride is what is often termed "kiss and ride". Rather than drive to the train or bus station and park the commuter is driven to the station by a friend or relative (parent, spouse etc.) The "kiss" refers to the peck on the cheek as the commuter exits the car. Kiss and ride is
428:
Public transportation systems such as train or metro systems have the most efficient means and highest capacity to transport people around cities. Therefore, mixed-mode commuting in the urban environment is largely dedicated to first getting people onto the train network and once off the train
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is often lacking, making passengers "pay extra for the 'privilege' of having a connection". This is largely a non-issue in
European cities where all modes of local public transit follow the same ticketing scheme and a ticket for e.g. the metro will be valid on buses or commuter rail.
487:(Automobiles can also be used as the centerpiece of a multi-mode commute, with drivers resorting to walking or cycling to their final destination. Commuters to major cities take this route when driving is convenient, but parking options at the destination are not readily available.)
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and thus higher costs to rent or purchase. A commuter may select a location further out than practical walking distance but not more than practical cycling distance to reduce housing costs. Similarly, a commuter can close an even further distance quickly with an
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Weather can also be a factor. Even when the use of an automobile is involved, the transition from one mode of transportation to another often exposes commuters to the elements. As a result, multi-mode commuters often travel prepared for inclement weather.
992:. The uniqueness of this transfer facility is that turnstiles are located on the platforms between rail services in addition to on a separate concourse to allow for direct transfers. Millbrae Intermodal Terminal is also planned to be incorporated into the
520:. One way of doing this is to provide car parking places at train or bus stations where commuters can drive to the station, park their cars and then continue on with their journey on the train or bus: this is often called "park and ride".
967:
Regional transit systems in the United States often include regional intermodal transit centers that incorporate multiple types of rail and bus services alongside park and ride amenities. Until the completion of San
Francisco
621:
The use of "bike and ride" instead of a car can cut costs for fuel and parking, and some families no longer need to own and operate multiple cars. Environmental benefits can also increase (i.e. less pollution) and reduced
352:
Intermodal transport has existed for about as long as passenger transport itself. People switched from carriages to ferries at the edge of a river too deep to ford. In the 19th century, people who lived inland switched from
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Some train, bus, and ferry systems allow commuters to take their bicycles aboard, allowing cyclists to ride at both ends of the commute, though sometimes this is restricted to off-peak travel periods: in such cases,
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is a ship designed to carry railway vehicles. While usually used to carry freight vehicles, passenger cars can also be carried. In other places passengers move between passenger cars to a passenger ferry.
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to the station may remain practical, as long as the commute from the far end station to the destination is practical by walking, a carry-on cycle, or another rapid transit such as a local or shuttle bus.
544:
Many large cities link their railway network to their bus network. This enables commuters to get to places that are not serviced directly by rail as they are often considered to be too far for walking.
441:
are conventionally used as a single-mode form of transit, they also find use in a variety of mixed-mode scenarios. They can provide a short commute to train stations, airports, and piers, where all-day
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final destination. These types of racks combined with increased bike infrastructure and bike parking have made bike commuting a frequent topic of discussion by cities and local government.
315:) are appended at the beginning or end of the journey. Trains offer quick transit from a suburb into an urban area, where passengers can choose a way to complete the trip. Most
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system has included a stop there. Ferry service has recently been revived, but passengers must exit the terminal and walk across the pier to the more modest ferry slip.
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is often used to combine the strengths (and offset the weaknesses) of various transportation options. A major goal of modern intermodal passenger transport is to reduce
1067:, motorcycle, or car, allowing for the selection of a more preferred living area somewhat further from the station than would be viable by walking or simple bicycle.
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usually conducted when the train/bus/ferry station is close to home, so that the driver dropping the commuter off has a short journey to and from home.
446:" lots are often available. Used in this context, cars offer commuters the relative comfort of single-mode travel, while significantly reducing the
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intends to take this a step further, offering one price per trip from door to door, no matter which mode is used for which part of the trip.
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have always been used intermodally; for example, people have used road or urban railway to an airport or inter-regional railway station.
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programs; lower fuel and maintenance costs; and increased automobile life. In the most extreme cases, a mixed-mode commuter may opt to
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in
California is the largest intermodal transit center west of the Mississippi which includes direct on-platform connections between
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allows commuters to take a public bike between the public transport station and a docking station near their origin or destination.
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be an issue. For example, a sometimes-late train can be an annoyance, and an often-late train can make a commute impractical.
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endpoint (e.g. the home) and the destination (e.g. the place of employment) too far to be enjoyable or practical, commute by
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and mode neutral pricing eliminate the need to have several different tickets for public transit across different modes.
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may be permitted where regular bicycles are not. In some cities, bicycles are permitted aboard trains and buses.
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INTERMODES - Congress, Exhibition and technical tours dedicated to intermodality in passenger transportation
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control, effectively like having a transit from one flight to another. The airport is well-connected with
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As in the example above, location plays a large role in mixed mode commuting. Rapid transit such as
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Transport planners often try to encourage automobile commuters to make much of their journey by
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1575:) provides case studies concerning passenger intermodality as a local transport concept
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and pay only a small portion of purchase, fuel, maintenance, and insurance, or to live
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or with airport shuttle buses which transports to bus, subway and rail connections at
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In some cases, facilities were merged or transferred into a new facility, as at the
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Other cost advantages of mixed mode commuting include lower vehicle insurance via
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the way to the airport. Many airports now have some mass transit link, including
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In general, locations close to major transit such as rail stations carry higher
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Herman, Michele; Komanoff, Charles; Orcutt, Jon; Perry, David (1999-01-01).
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385:, now in ruins, was incorporated into the terminal building. Later, when a
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Places for travelers to transfer from one category of vehicle to another
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can deliver significant cost savings to the city and local government.
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featured a complex network of ferry services which connected numerous
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have been devised to help travellers plan and schedule their journey.
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1186:"Myth: Park-and-Ride facilities will encourage public transport use"
393:, a station stop was added to Hoboken Terminal. More recently, the
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is designed to transport electric vehicles on high speed trains.
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also play a major role in providing door-to-door service between
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parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.
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1389:"West Contra Costa Transit Advisory Council Action Plan Minutes"
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413:
358:
308:
1584:
KITE - Knowledge Base for
Intermodal Passenger Travel in Europe
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Montgomery County
Department of Public Works and Transportation
1323:"Bicycle Access To Public Transportation: Learning From Abroad"
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as the major mode of ground transportation and increase use of
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29:
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1298:"Is a folding bicycle right for a train commute in Chicago?"
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was built through tunnels under the Hudson, now called the
1578:
1378:, by Tom Lochner, July 1, 2008, access date July 11, 2008
337:
Woodside Ferry
Terminal, Birkenhead Heritage Tramway and
1579:
LINK - The
European Forum on Intermodal Passenger Travel
1553:
964:, were built from the start to emphasize intermodalism.
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1190:
Public
Transport Users Association, Victoria, Australia
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trains may travel but automobiles cannot, such as the
1369:
Waterfront plan could be headed to ballot in
Hercules
913:, does not have a physical connection to the rest of
242:
A bus stop inside London (Heathrow) Airport, England.
984:, the San Francisco Peninsula's commuter rail, and
639:
Intermodal passenger transport involving air travel
348:
Train with marked place for bicycle transportation.
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1438:"Light RailLink - Maryland Transit Administration"
295:Mixed-mode commuting often centers on one type of
540:is an intermodal hub for bus and train commuters.
837:Prior to the widespread use of automobiles, the
942:William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center
373:from New Jersey switch to ferries to cross the
1456:"MARC Train - Maryland Transit Administration"
1017:Mixed mode commuting combines the benefits of
956:. In other cases new facilities, such as the
878:is expected to feature a connection with the
765:facilities will be added in the near future.
8:
1569:European Local Transport Information Service
869:almost entirely supplanted these services.
406:Woodside and Birkenhead Dock Street Tramway
86:needs attention from an expert in Transport
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
741:at the airport, without passing through
1524:The Wirral Railway and its Predecessors
1176:
996:project as one of two stations between
980:, the Bay Area's regional rail system,
917:'s rail network. As such, transfers to
659:Frankfurt Airport long-distance station
1491:Potomac Survey Research (2000-02-01).
785:, where passengers can connect to the
472:and other points of travel throughout
101:may be able to help recruit an expert.
1208:
911:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
7:
433:Automobile to public transport nodes
429:network to their final destination.
146:adding citations to reliable sources
1558:International Air Rail Organization
634:Inter-regional mixed mode commuting
570:Sunshine railway station, Melbourne
303:, to which low-speed options (i.e.
280:. To assist the traveller, various
412:probably became the world's first
25:
1271:Sherwood Stranieri (2008-04-25).
779:Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport
721:services to various piers in the
253:on a bus of the Los Angeles Metro
45:This article has multiple issues.
1273:"Mixed-Mode Commuting in Boston"
863:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
369:, was built to let commuters to
157:"Intermodal passenger transport"
122:
75:
34:
1321:Michael Replogle (1992-12-01).
1222:"Station Name: Birkenhead Dock"
988:, the regional bus service for
715:Hong Kong International Airport
616:public bicycle rental programme
410:Birkenhead Dock railway station
133:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1606:Intermodal passenger transport
873:Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit
709:Airport–ferry connection
258:Intermodal passenger transport
1:
1493:"Commuting Behavior Research"
1034:becomes 8 minutes bicycling.
898:-to-ferry transit hub in the
538:Jefferson Park Transit Center
528:Bus to public transport nodes
264:, involves using two or more
1166:Intermodal freight transport
974:Millbrae Intermodal Terminal
884:San Francisco Ferry Building
859:San Francisco Ferry Building
833:Train–ferry connection
767:Kansai International Airport
609:Euston train and bus station
274:dependence on the automobile
1359:, access date July 11, 2008
1252:Transportation Alternatives
282:intermodal journey planners
1632:
1330:Environmental Defense Fund
1184:Tony Morton (2008-05-27).
1136:Intermodal Journey Planner
994:California High-Speed Rail
894:is to be the first direct
800:
647:
509:
504:Schofields railway station
424:Urban mixed-mode commuting
326:
970:Salesforce Transit Center
812:. Another system called
268:in a journey. Mixed-mode
962:Cambridge, Massachusetts
909:, while operated by the
787:Toronto streetcar system
587:bicycle parking stations
404:With the opening of the
399:Hudson-Bergen Light Rail
921:are facilitated by the
566:bicycle parking station
266:modes of transportation
1563:Air Rail Today (A.R.T)
1248:"Bicycles and Transit"
839:San Francisco Bay Area
661:
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361:for overseas voyages.
349:
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1420:"Millbrae - bart.gov"
1151:Flying car (aircraft)
1106:In the United States
1088:Mobility as a service
1029:with the benefits of
954:Boston, Massachusetts
907:Staten Island Railway
797:Automobiles on trains
769:is also connected to
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576:All around the world
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327:Further information:
249:
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99:WikiProject Transport
1522:Maund, T.B. (2009).
1296:Crios (2008-06-15).
1156:Multimodal transport
775:Toronto Island ferry
339:Woodside bus station
329:History of transport
317:transportation modes
262:mixed-mode commuting
142:improve this article
1565:(Airport Expresses)
1526:. Lightmoor Press.
1146:European Commission
932:Transfer facilities
926:Staten Island Ferry
695:New York City (JFK)
585:facilities such as
418:interchange station
377:in order to get to
367:Hoboken, New Jersey
18:Intermodal terminal
1589:2009-05-26 at the
1478:2013-10-05 at the
1473:DC MetroRail fares
1374:2012-02-10 at the
1144:introduced by the
1084:de:Verkehrsverbund
946:Syracuse, New York
867:Golden Gate Bridge
773:with ferries. The
757:train service. A
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395:New Jersey Transit
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1533:978-1-899889-38-9
1023:bicycle commuting
900:San Francisco Bay
880:Golden Gate Ferry
723:Pearl River Delta
650:Airport rail link
644:Airport rail link
614:In some cities a
589:being available.
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1394:. Archived from
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888:Larkspur Landing
595:folding bicycles
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363:Hoboken Terminal
278:public transport
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198:November 2015
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159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
125:
120:
119:
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107:November 2018
100:
95:
91:
87:
84:This article
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73:
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31:
19:
1523:
1503:. Retrieved
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1441:
1432:
1424:www.bart.gov
1423:
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1396:the original
1383:
1364:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1334:the original
1329:
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:
1291:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1266:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1211:, p. 10
1204:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:
1179:
1161:Transit pass
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1036:
1016:
966:
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935:
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871:
836:
823:
806:
781:to mainland
771:Kobe Airport
712:
687:Philadelphia
663:
628:
620:
613:
591:
575:
572:in Australia
562:
547:
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522:
515:
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436:
427:
403:
375:Hudson River
351:
294:
261:
257:
256:
251:Bicycle rack
222:
204:
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185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
104:
93:
89:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1142:co-modality
1126:Cyclability
1039:express bus
826:train ferry
751:expressways
747:immigration
506:, Australia
462:rental cars
439:automobiles
1600:Categories
1505:2008-07-26
1405:2018-06-25
1343:2008-07-26
1307:2008-07-26
1302:Metafilter
1282:2008-04-26
1257:2008-07-26
1209:Maund 2009
1195:2008-07-26
1172:References
1060:land value
1052:motorcycle
1043:light rail
1013:Advantages
1008:Assessment
843:interurban
737:to take a
727:Passengers
536:Chicago's
383:ferry slip
299:, such as
168:newspapers
50:improve it
1616:Commuting
1121:Commuting
1076:car share
919:Manhattan
847:streetcar
777:connects
763:logistics
731:Guangdong
691:Cleveland
683:Vancouver
679:Hong Kong
563:Parkiteer
448:financial
437:Although
416:to train
408:in 1873,
379:Manhattan
270:commuting
56:talk page
1587:Archived
1476:Archived
1372:Archived
1115:See also
1080:car-free
1002:San Jose
986:SamTrans
982:Caltrain
855:East Bay
803:Motorail
578:bicycles
478:suburban
466:airports
458:Taxicabs
286:Rome2rio
284:such as
1516:Sources
1231:3 March
1027:driving
1019:walking
857:to the
783:Toronto
759:seaport
753:and an
743:customs
713:At the
703:Chennai
581:secure
454:costs.
323:History
313:bicycle
182:scholar
1530:
972:, the
896:Amtrak
890:. The
739:flight
701:, and
675:Munich
671:Sydney
667:London
480:, and
387:subway
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
90:reason
1573:ELTIS
1496:(PDF)
1399:(PDF)
1392:(PDF)
1337:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1065:ebike
1025:, or
948:, or
851:North
814:NIMPR
735:piers
729:from
719:ferry
699:Delhi
482:rural
474:urban
355:train
311:, or
189:JSTOR
175:books
92:or a
1528:ISBN
1233:2016
1000:and
978:BART
923:free
905:The
853:and
845:and
761:and
745:and
460:and
450:and
414:tram
391:PATH
359:ship
309:tram
288:and
161:news
94:talk
1050:or
1048:car
1041:or
960:In
952:in
944:in
886:at
607:at
568:at
502:at
468:or
397:'s
365:in
357:to
305:bus
144:by
1602::
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824:A
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223:(
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205:(
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186:·
179:·
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109:)
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62:(
20:)
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