743:– International competitions run by the International Racquetball Federation (IRF) also followed the two-games to 15, tiebreaker to 11 format from 1981 (inception) until 2022, when they announced that international competitions were going to move to Rally Scoring. IRF competitions will now be played best 3 of 5 games to 15, win by one except in the last game, with rally scoring. However, the IRF immediately modified its rally scoring limits and announced that the 2022 World games and World Juniors would be 3 out of 5 games to 11, win by two. The IRF cited several factors for this change: length of matches, confusing scoring system to casual fans, and the need for faster matches to accommodate more matches. IRF's pivot to rally scoring had an immediate reaction in the NGBs, as most IRF qualifying events in USAR, Racquetball Canada, and other NGBs are now played under the IRF's rally scoring rules.
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where play is 1 vs. 1 with the third player remaining in the back court out of play while the other two play a rally; the rally winner then serves to the player who was sitting out, and the rally loser stays out of play. Another three-player variation is "Sevens" in which one player plays against two players as a team, with the game being played to seven points; if the two player team gets to seven first, the game is over, but if the solo player gets to seven first then the game continues to 14; if the solo player again reaches 14 first, then the game continues to 21, where the game ends regardless of whether the solo player or the two player team reach 21 first.
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Ektelon, or Wilson. The blue ball is the most commonly used and it is the most neutral ball for average speed and accuracy of contact. Green balls are similar to blue balls. In the United States the main choices of ball are blue and green for tournament play. In some cases the
International Pro Racquetball Tour (IRT) will use a purple Penn HD ball as the official ball. A black ball is often used in tournaments for senior players because the ball is designed to be slower moving and allows for longer rallies. The red ball is the fastest in production, and they are known as Red Ektelon Fireballs. This ball is heavier and allows for a quicker pace.
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the Women broke away and self-organized their own professional tour in the same time period. Eventually, after the tour collapsed in the fall of 1988, a new men's tour called the
International Racquetball Tour (IRT) was created by Oregon State President and popular tournament promotor Hank Marcus, which remains the primary men's professional sanctioning body to this day. The women's pro tour has gone by several names in the interim, but is currently known as the Ladies Professional Racquetball tour (LPRT) and has marketing partnerships with the USAR, IRT, and other sanctioning bodies to this day .
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lob serve is a ball hit with a long, high arch into either back corner. The goal is to hit the ball so that it lands as close as possible to the back wall, giving the opponent very little room to hit a solid return. A junk lob takes a shallower arch, and lands close to the side wall somewhere between the dotted line and the back wall. This lob is intended to deceive the opponent into thinking he has an easy kill. However, since the ball is in the deep zone, it will more likely set up the server for an offensive shot.
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NPRA. In 1973, after a dispute with the IRA board of directors, Kendler formed a competing organization called the
National Racquetball Club (NRC), which eventually became the dominant professional tour in the 1970s. For a period of time in the 1970s, the NRC and the IRA both offered competing "Amateur" and "Professional" tournaments, but by the late 1970s the NRC was focused on the professional game while the IRA became focused on the amateur side, and became recognized by the
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ball will be Z-shaped. This shot can have confusing bounces which can frustrate opponents. If done correctly, a "Z" shot will apply spin to the ball on the final bounce as well, causing it to rebound perpendicular to the second wall and fall parallel to the back wall, the closer the better. This makes the "Z" shot very difficult to return.
740:– From 1981 to 2017, the IRT's scoring was best-of-five games to 11 points, requiring a two-point margin for victory. However, in December 2017 the tour announced they were modifying their scoring methods to be in line with USAR and IRF standards at the time, and converted to the standard two games to 15, tiebreaker to 11 format.
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The "splat" shot is an elongated pinch that strikes the side wall towards the back part of the court. It often makes a distinctive splatting sound. The advantage to a splat shot, beyond an unpredictable angle, is that it creates a longer distance to travel forward for the opponent who is held between
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Straight-in shots are usually meant to hit the front wall as low as possible. If the ball contacts the front wall so low as to bounce twice before it reaches the service line it is called a "kill" shot. Straight-in shots are normally attempted with the idea of hitting toward the area of the court the
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Due to the nature of the game, players often occupy the space their opponent(s) want(s) to occupy. This may result in a player blocking his opponent's ability to play the ball. Such occurrences are termed either hinders or penalty hinders. A hinder is a replay of the current rally (the server resumes
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The NRC and
Kendler ruled over professional racquetball throughout its early stages of growth, but upon his death in 1982 the organization declared bankruptcy and the professional men's tours fell into disarray. Several professional governing bodies ruled the Men's pro tour throughout the 1980s, and
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If the player faults on the first serve, they will usually hit a defensive serve. Defensive serves do not usually garner aces, but they are designed to generate a weak return by the opponent, thereby setting up the server to win the point. Most defensive serves are any variety of lob serves. A plain
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After a successful serve, players alternate hitting the ball against the front wall. The player returning the hit may allow the ball to bounce once on the floor or hit the ball on the fly. However, once the player returning the shot has hit the ball, it must strike the front wall before striking the
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Another defensive shot is the high Z. Used when the defensive player is near the front wall, the high Z is hit ten feet high or higher into the front wall near a corner. The ball then bounces from the side wall all the way to the opposite side wall, usually traveling over the top of the opponent,
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The ceiling ball shot is the primary defensive shot. This is a shot that strikes the ceiling at or near the front wall. The ball will bounce once in the forecourt and should then travel in a high arc to arrive as close to, and as vertical to, the back wall as possible. Often this is aimed at the
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Play begins with the serve. The serving player must bounce the ball on the floor once and hit it directly to the front wall, making the ball hit the floor beyond the short line; otherwise the serve counts as a fault. The ball may touch one side wall, but not two, prior to hitting the floor; hitting
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In
February 1952, Sobek founded the National Paddle Rackets Association (NPRA), codified the rules, and had the rules printed as a booklet. The new sport was rapidly adopted and became popular through Sobek's continual promotion of it; he was aided by the existence of some 40,000 handball courts in
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Racquetball is very similar to the
British sport of 'racketball', which was patterned on racquetball in 1976. The main differences are that the British ball is smaller, denser, and less bouncy; the British sport's court is a squash court, which is substantially shorter and somewhat wider; and the
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Two other defensive shots are used but are less effective. If the defensive player is in the backcourt but unable to position himself for a non-defensive shot, he may need to hit the ball off of the back wall. The ball often returns without much force and is easily returned. The round-the-world
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player shooting a forehand shot to the right front corner is shooting a frontside pinch. A right-handed player shooting to the left front corner is a reverse pinch. A right-handed player shoots a backhand frontside pinch to the left corner and a reverse double pinch to the right corner. Everything
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is similar to a drive serve; however, the ball strikes a side wall very low and close to the serving box. With the appropriate spin, the ball has little bounce, and is difficult to return. It is possible that a successful serve would strike the sidewall before the short line, and land on the floor
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as most competitive players wear a glove on their racquet hand for the purpose of getting a better grip on the racquet (similar to golfers using a glove when driving), but gloves are optional equipment. Also, players usually wear a comfortable short sleeved shirt and shorts, as well as racquetball
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One set of lines is 18 inches from, and parallel to, the side walls. Along with the short line, service line, and side wall these lines define the doubles box, where the non-serving doubles partner stands during the serve; 36 inches from the side wall is another set of lines which, along
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Another important shot type is the "Z" shot. This shot is effective at confusing and tiring out an opponent. To hit a "Z" shot one hits the side wall hard and up high causing the ball to hit the front then the other side wall then back to the original side wall. If done correctly, the path of the
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is an offensive serve which attempts to catch the opponent off balance by making use of difficult angles and unfrequented play space. The most common jam serve is the Z-serve, which strikes the front wall close to a side wall. The ball bounces quickly off the side wall, then strikes the floor and
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Racquetball games can be played with two, three or four players, with doubles or singles matches being most common. Two player games are called singles or "one-up" (one vs. one for the entire game), while four player games are doubles with two pairs playing against each other (two vs. two for the
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boom of that decade, the sport's popularity increased to an estimated 3.1 million players by 1974. Consequent to increased demand, racquetball clubs and courts were founded and built, and sporting goods manufacturers began producing racquetball-specific equipment. This growth continued until the
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Serve style varies drastically from player to player. Generally, they are divided into two types: offensive and defensive. Most players use an offensive serve for the first serve, and a defensive serve if they need to hit a second serve. Of the offensive serves, the most common is the drive. The
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Three-player games are most commonly called "Cut-throat" and sometimes "Ironman" (two-on-one for the entire game) where each player takes turns serving to the other two, who play as a team against the serving player. Another three-player game is "California", "In-and-Out", or "King of the Court"
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The difference between a hinder and a penalty hinder (or formerly an avoidable hinder) is that in the latter case a player has missed out on a clear opportunity to make a rally-winning shot due to the obstruction by the player's opponent, while in the former case the opportunity missed would not
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Racquetballs are manufactured in a variety of colors such as blue, green, purple, black, red, and pink, and some are for specific purposes (e.g., outdoor play and indoor play), but the differences are unlikely to matter for recreational play. Beginners are recommended to use a blue ball by Penn,
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In 1969, aided by Robert W. Kendler, the president-founder of the U.S. Handball
Association (USHA), the International Racquetball Association (IRA) was founded using the name coined by Bob McInerney, a professional tennis player. That same year, the IRA assumed the national championship from the
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Balls do break occasionally, and will lose their bounce over time even without breaking. To keep balls around for a long time it is best to keep them in a room temperature setting and keep them out of extreme cold or heat because this will cause the balls to become less effective and lose their
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The primary strategy of racquetball is to command the center of the court just at or behind the dashed receiving line. This allows the player to move as quickly as possible to all areas of the court and limit open court areas which are difficult to defend. After a shot, players should return
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as the
English national governing body for the sports of squash and racketball. There is now an established UK Racketball Tournament Series consisting of 8 events around the UK, which forms the basis of the national rankings along with the National Racketball championships held annually at The
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court –8 feet (2.4 m) shorter and 1 foot (0.30 m) wider than the U.S. racquetball court–, using a smaller, less dynamic ball than the
American racquetball. In racketball, the ceiling is out-of-bounds. The racketball is served after a bounce on the floor then struck into play with the
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The IRA was a founding member of the
International Racquetball Federation (IRF). Eventually, the IRA became the American Amateur Racquetball Association (AARA); in late 1995, it renamed itself as the United States Racquetball Association (USRA). In 2003, the USRA again renamed itself to USA
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Other fault serves include a ceiling serve, in which the ball touches the ceiling after the front wall, and serving before the receiving player is ready. Also, the server must wait until the ball passes the short line before stepping out of the service box, otherwise it is a fault serve.
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corner which would require a backhand return by the opponent. This makes it difficult for the opponent to return the ball as he cannot make a full arc of the racquet. However, if the ball comes down too long or too short of the back wall, this can allow the opponent a kill shot.
343:, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds. Racquetball is played between various players on a
734:– Under USA Racquetball Amateur scoring rules, matches are best of three games with the first two games to 15 points and a third game to 11 points, if necessary. USA Racquetball rules do not require players to win by two, so a match score line could read 15–14, 14–15, 11–10.
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hitting the opposite side wall with spin. The spin will cause the ball to leave the opposite wall almost perpendicular to it. This may confuse inexperienced opponents but importantly, if very close to and parallel to the rear wall, makes for a difficult return shot.
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The professional tours have been dominated by two players since the 2010 time frame. On the Men's side, Kane Waselenchuk has won 14 year-end #1 titles since 2004, which Paola Longoria has now won 13 year end pro titles dating to 2009, including the last 11 straight.
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The dink is another very effective offensive shot designed to end the point. It is a shot very low to the front wall hit very softly so as to bounce twice before the opponent can get to it. Dinks are most effective when the opponent is positioned deep in the court.
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Pinches and splats are shots that strike the side wall before the front wall. This often makes the ball bounce twice quickly to end the rally. Pinches normally strike the side wall towards the front part of the court, often within a few inches from the front wall.
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intention with this serve is for the ball to travel low and fast towards either back corner, and to bounce twice before striking either side wall or the back wall. If the opponent is adjusting to the drive serve, the server will throw in any variety of jam serves.
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Other more obvious strategies are to keep the returned ball as low on the front wall as possible, keeping the ball moving fast (limiting reaction time) and to keep your opponent moving away from center court by the use of lobs, cross court shots, and dinks.
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then the opposite side wall about 30–35 feet back. Depending upon the spin the server gives the Z-serve, the resulting carom may prove unpredictable and difficult to return. Side spin may cause the ball to bounce parallel to the back wall.
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both side walls after the front wall (but before the floor) is a "three wall serve," and a fault. Also, serving the ball into the front wall so that it rebounds to the back wall without hitting the floor first is a long serve, and a fault.
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The IRF also runs the World Junior Racquetball Championships that occur annually in either late October, or early to mid November, as well as the annual World Senior Racquetball Championships for players who are 35 years of age or older.
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play at the first serve), while a penalty hinder results in the player who caused the avoidable obstruction to lose the rally. A type of hinder is a screen in which the player is unable to see the ball prior to it passing the opponent.
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There is also a "court" hinder in which some part of the playing field caused the ball to bounce untrue. Often this is the door frame or (recessed) handle or a flaw in the floor or walls. In this case, the rally is a re-serve.
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Usually, the server is allowed two opportunities (called first serve and second serve) to put the ball into play (two serve rule), although elite level competitions often allow the server only one opportunity (one serve rule).
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Straight-in shots hit where the opponent cannot return them are called down-the-line and cross court passing shots. Often kill shots are returned very close to the back wall as the ball is moving towards the front wall.
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Important tactics include keeping an eye on the opponent by glancing sideways to anticipate their return shot, learning the typical return shots of the opponent, and attempting to not be predictable with return shots.
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A racquetball court measures 20 feet wide, 20 feet high and 40 feet long, while a squash court is slightly smaller in height and length than a racquetball court, measuring 21 feet wide, 15 feet high and 32 feet long.
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Racquetball eyeguards (mandatory during competitions; some recreational players play without eyeguards but this is not recommended, as being hit in the eye by the ball can cause serious injury and/or permanent vision
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The "around the world" or "3 wall" defensive shot is hit like a pinch shot but high on the wall toward the ceiling. It travels around the court in a high trajectory and is an alternative to hitting a ceiling ball.
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shot is hit high into the side wall first so the ball then hits the front wall and then the other side wall, effectively circling the court. It can be easily cut off and is rarely used anymore.
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If the server wins the rally, then the server scores one point and continues to serve. If the opposing player wins the rally, then no point is scored, but that player then takes over serving.
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floor. Unlike during the serve, a ball in play may touch as many walls, including the ceiling, as necessary so long as it reaches the front wall without striking the floor.
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and American handball player, Sobek sought a fast-paced sport that was easy to learn and play. He designed the first strung paddle, devised a set of rules, based on those of
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In 1976, Ian D.W. Wright created the sport of racketball based on U.S. racquetball. British racketball is played in a 32-foot (9.8 m) long by 21-foot (6.4 m) wide
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with the short line and the service line, define an area that the server must not enter if he wishes to hit a drive serve between himself and the nearest side wall. The
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If the server hits the ball directly to any surface other than the front wall the server immediately loses serve regardless of whether it was first or second serve.
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dominated pro tournaments, and other great players like Andy Roberts, John Ellis, and Drew Kachtik were often left out of the winner's circle. In the 2000s,
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quickly to center court. The antithesis of this is to be against a wall which severely limits the player's movement and allows the opponent an open court.
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on five occasions: 1981, 1989, 1993, 2009 and 2013, and is on the program for 2022. There men's and women's professional racquetball organizations. The
737:– Racquetball Canada matches are also the best of three format two games to 15, tiebreaker to 11, but require a winning margin of at least two points.
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early 1980s, and declining in the decade's latter part when racquet clubs converted to physical fitness clubs, in service to a wider clientele, adding
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who try to bounce the ball with the racquet onto the ground so it hits the wall, so that an opposing team’s player cannot bounce it back to the wall.
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exercise classes and physical fitness and bodybuilding machines. Since then, the number of players has remained steady, an estimated 5.6 million.
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After the ball bounces behind the short line, or passes the receiving line, the ball is in play and the opposing player(s) may play it.
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554:. The second World Championships were played in 1984, and since then have been held biennially in August. Players from the
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clearly have led to a winning shot. This difference is almost always a judgment call by the referee (if available).
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have all excelled, but Waselenchuk has been dominant the last two seasons losing only once since September 2008.
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A racquetball court; fully enclosed indoor or outdoor with a front wall. The standard racquetball court is
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as the sport's governing body on 30 October 1984. The first National Racketball Championship was held in
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The sport has a high appeal in the Americas, and because of this racquetball has been included in the
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is the most prestigious professional racquetball event. First held in 1996, the US Open was in
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Organized competitive racquetball began in the 1970s. The best male players of that era were
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In 2016, World Squash Federation announced an international 're-branding' of racketball as
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court shoes designed for enabling quick lateral as well as forward and backward movement.
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In 1988, the British Racketball Association merged with the Squash Rackets Association.
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entire game). Tournament competitions have divisions for singles or doubles or both.
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Defensive shots are defined as shots which are not returned low to the front wall.
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a tension of going forward and staying back because of velocity of passing shots.
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to promote both handball and racquetball. Starting in the 1970s, and aided by the
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on 1 December 1984. The sport is now played in countries where squash is played,
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A racquetball; a dynamic (bouncy) rubber ball of 2.25 in. (57 mm) diameter
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invented the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to
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Racquet sport played with a hollow rubber ball in an indoor or outdoor court
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1768:"Racquetball: Differences Between Racquetball And Racketball – HobbyStop"
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1794:"Rackquetball Vs Squash | Racquetball Vs Tennis, Racquetball Comparison"
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Several different scoring methods have been or are used in the sport.
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Joe Sobek is credited with inventing the sport of racquetball in the
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finished #1 at the end of the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 seasons.
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This court and equipment are required for playing racquetball:
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associations, even though Racquetball is not an Olympic sport.
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as the official National Governing Body (NGB) of the sport.
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The International Racquetball Federation (IRF) governs the
1560:"USA Racquetball – Features, Events, Results – Team USA"
1309:"USA Racquetball – Features, Events, Results – Team USA"
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is a parallel dashed line 5 feet behind the short line.
1340:"Joseph Sobek, the Inventor Of Racquetball, Dies at 79"
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in order to increase velocity and control. Unlike most
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was formed on 13 February 1984, and confirmed by the
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1435:"Competitions – England Squash & Racketball"
1108:(Mexico) has the most US Open titles with five,
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1245:Skills, Drills & Strategies for Racquetball
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1538:"Prevention of Eye Injuries in Racquet Sports"
1482:. Internationalracquetball.com. Archived from
1169:ceiling in the British game is out of bounds.
2185:
1856:
558:have won the most World Championship titles.
363:
8:
597:. Racquetball has also been included in the
382:, though not with naming it. A professional
141:
815:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2192:
2178:
2170:
1863:
1849:
1841:
140:
1536:Easterbrook, Michael (1 September 1999).
1188:Eastern Collegiate Racquetball Conference
835:Learn how and when to remove this message
593:. And will be part of the games again in
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1097:(US) have both won the title twice, and
2667:Sports originating in the United States
1641:"IRT history of scoring system changes"
1233:
1128:(US) have each won two US Open titles.
406:, wherein racquetball could be played.
199:Yes, separate tours & mixed doubles
2626:International World Games Association
1628:from the original on 21 October 2020.
1508:. The Pickleball Paddle USA Official.
1441:from the original on 18 November 2015
217:Racquetball ball, racquetball racquet
7:
1836:International Racquetball Federation
1693:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1684:International Racquetball Federation
1663:International Racquetball Federation
1381:from the original on 17 January 2012
1350:from the original on 7 December 2017
1150:Central American and Caribbean Games
813:adding citations to reliable sources
607:Ladies Professional Racquetball Tour
418:Racquetball (USAR), to mirror other
166:International Racquetball Federation
65:adding citations to reliable sources
18:International Racquetball Federation
2652:Games and sports introduced in 1950
1612:"Racquetball Canada official rules"
637:The "service box" is formed by the
350:The sport is very similar to 40×20
225:Indoor or outdoor racquetball court
1659:"IRF Rule changes – Rally Scoring"
1437:. Englandsquashandracketball.com.
1257:: Holcomb Hathaway, Inc. pp.
25:
2201:Sports of the World Games program
1619:Racquetball Canada Official rules
2616:
2615:
1590:"USA Racquetball Official Rules"
976:, Dan Southern, Jerry Hilecher,
785:
147:
41:
1770:. Hobbystop.net. Archived from
1506:"Racquetball Court: Dimensions"
1338:Litsky, Frank (31 March 1998).
1140:Racquetball is included in the
1045:were the dominant players, but
960:Racquetball World Championships
675:Racquetball differs from other
667:; no longer than 22 inches
548:World Racquetball Championships
524:England Squash & Racketball
412:United States Olympic Committee
319:on an indoor or outdoor court.
52:needs additional citations for
1594:USA Racquetball official Rules
1371:"How Racquetball Got Its Name"
1198:International Racquetball Tour
1061:Held annually in October, the
983:In the 1990s, Ruben Gonzalez,
955:Major competitions and players
603:International Racquetball Tour
461:British Racketball Association
1:
1750:"LPRT Year end Title winners"
1705:"Racquetball Cutthroat Rules"
1112:(US) has four, one more than
1073:until 2010, when it moved to
425:Kendler used his publication
1731:"IRT Year End Title Holders"
1369:Bud Muehleisen (Fall 2011).
1283:"The History of Racquetball"
153:Racquetball racquet and ball
1645:www.proracquetballstats.com
1203:List of racquetball players
32:Paddleball (disambiguation)
2688:
1404:February 10, 2015, at the
1285:. Team USA. Archived from
1158:Pan American Championships
300:People playing racquetball
29:
2621:Sports at the World Games
2611:
2208:Artistic and dance sports
1872:Pan American Games sports
1523:January 30, 2010, at the
1480:"IRF World Championships"
1132:(US) won the title once.
146:
1358:– via NYTimes.com.
1164:Comparison to racketball
656:Other equipment needed:
455:racket. Scoring is like
404:Jewish Community Centers
30:Not to be confused with
2215:Artistic roller skating
1089:(US) with four, while
882:opponent cannot cover.
531:Edgbaston Priory Club.
1677:"IRF rule change memo"
1460:Squash 57 Announcement
1241:David, Walker (1999).
1154:European Championships
1116:(Canada) with three.
1025:The 1990s belonged to
869:after the short line.
625:
465:English Sports Council
376:Greenwich, Connecticut
301:
235:Country or region
1754:Pro Racquetball Stats
1735:Pro Racquetball Stats
1542:Ophthalmology Clinics
1421:May 20, 2013, at the
623:
526:is now recognised by
315:played with a hollow
299:
2498:Past official sports
2477:Competition climbing
2460:Speed roller skating
2230:Acrobatic gymnastics
1469:from WorldSquash.org
809:improve this section
624:The court dimensions
61:improve this article
2672:Wall-and-ball games
2575:Invitational sports
2245:Rhythmic gymnastics
1774:on 14 February 2015
1709:Racquetballhero.com
1600:on 14 January 2017.
1486:on 7 September 2008
1377:. USA Racquetball.
1319:on 3 September 2011
1208:One wall paddleball
1136:Other championships
366:for a comparison).
358:, which was called
161:governing body
143:
2235:Aerobic gymnastics
2091:Non-Olympic Sports
1570:on 27 October 2012
1465:2016-10-31 at the
1344:The New York Times
1142:Pan American Games
626:
567:Pan American Games
302:
189:Singles or doubles
2634:
2633:
2167:
2166:
1961:Modern pentathlon
1956:Marathon swimming
1896:Artistic swimming
1879:Individual sports
1289:on 25 August 2013
1183:American handball
1114:Christie Van Hees
1104:In women's play,
1081:. In men's play,
1039:Christie Van Hees
966:Charlie Brumfield
845:
844:
837:
777:Shots of the game
362:before 2016 (see
352:American handball
294:
293:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2679:
2619:
2618:
2598:Wheelchair rugby
2515:Beach volleyball
2376:Billiards sports
2364:Precision sports
2194:
2187:
2180:
2171:
2042:Beach volleyball
1865:
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1596:. Archived from
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1575:
1566:. Archived from
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1315:. Archived from
1305:
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1298:
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1083:Kane Waselenchuk
993:Kane Waselenchuk
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542:Governing bodies
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21:
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2570:
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2395:Strength sports
2390:
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2147:
2086:
2020:
1874:
1869:
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1803:
1801:
1800:. 15 April 2020
1798:Rules of Sports
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1525:Wayback Machine
1517:
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1467:Wayback Machine
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916:
914:Defensive shots
879:
877:Offensive shots
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830:
824:
821:
806:
790:
779:
766:
764:Game variations
749:
726:
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615:
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448:
372:
173:Characteristics
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70:
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2530:Indoor cycling
2527:
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2489:
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2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Canoe marathon
2432:
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2322:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2273:Beach handball
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
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2199:
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1839:
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1833:
1831:Official rules
1828:
1817:
1816:External links
1814:
1812:
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1759:
1740:
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1274:
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1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1165:
1162:
1137:
1134:
1126:Jackie Paraiso
1122:Cheryl Gudinas
1118:Michelle Gould
1110:Rhonda Rajsich
1106:Paola Longoria
1058:
1055:
1047:Paola Longoria
1043:Rhonda Rajsich
1035:Cheryl Gudinas
1031:Jackie Paraiso
1027:Michelle Gould
974:Bud Muehleisen
956:
953:
939:
936:
915:
912:
878:
875:
849:
846:
843:
842:
793:
791:
784:
778:
775:
765:
762:
748:
745:
725:
722:
698:
695:
685:
682:
677:racquet sports
673:
672:
668:
663:A racquetball
661:
651:receiving line
635:
634:
614:
611:
543:
540:
447:
446:United Kingdom
444:
420:Olympic sports
398:the country's
392:paddle rackets
371:
368:
329:racquet sports
292:
291:
266:
260:
259:
256:
250:
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246:
240:
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135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2684:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Racket sports
2660:
2658:
2657:Indoor sports
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Flag football
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2565:Weightlifting
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:Roller hockey
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
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2503:
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2500:
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2456:
2453:
2451:
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2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Boules sports
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
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2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Inline hockey
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2160:
2159:Alpine skiing
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:Winter Sports
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Roller sports
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Basque pelota
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
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2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Weightlifting
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
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1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1548:(3): 367–380.
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
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1526:
1522:
1519:
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1512:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
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1464:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1362:
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1345:
1341:
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1331:
1318:
1314:
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1301:
1288:
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1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:1-890871-17-6
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1147:
1143:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1130:Kerri Wachtel
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:Jason Mannino
1088:
1087:Sudsy Monchik
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:Heather McKay
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:Jason Mannino
998:
994:
990:
989:Sudsy Monchik
986:
981:
979:
975:
972:, as well as
971:
967:
962:
961:
954:
952:
948:
944:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
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859:
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847:
839:
836:
828:
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814:
810:
804:
803:
799:
794:This section
792:
788:
783:
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776:
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770:
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19:
2545:Rugby sevens
2520:Bodybuilding
2487:Wakeboarding
2482:Water skiing
2455:Orienteering
2416:Trend sports
2402:Powerlifting
2328:Martial arts
2308:
2250:Trampolining
2143:Water skiing
2108:Bodybuilding
2067:Rugby sevens
2047:Field hockey
1991:Table tennis
1804:28 September
1802:. Retrieved
1797:
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1772:the original
1762:
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1748:Boss, Todd.
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1568:the original
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2647:Racquetball
2445:Flying disc
2440:Finswimming
2428:Parachuting
2309:Racquetball
2266:Ball sports
2123:Racquetball
2025:Team sports
1822:Racquetball
1375:Racquetball
1293:22 February
1223:Tennis ball
1146:World Games
1101:(US) once.
1095:Cliff Swain
1075:Minneapolis
997:Jack Huczek
985:Cliff Swain
970:Marty Hogan
866:pinch serve
684:Ball colors
631:rectangular
599:World Games
552:World Games
497:New Zealand
493:Netherlands
317:rubber ball
305:Racquetball
264:World Games
142:Racquetball
2641:Categories
2450:Lifesaving
2423:Air sports
2407:Tug of war
2345:Kickboxing
2278:Canoe polo
2225:Gymnastics
2220:Dancesport
2082:Water polo
2077:Volleyball
2037:Basketball
1941:Gymnastics
1926:Equestrian
1778:11 January
1714:25 January
1574:11 January
1445:11 January
1385:13 January
1323:11 January
1251:Scottsdale
1229:References
1124:(US), and
1020:Lynn Adams
639:short line
360:racketball
331:, such as
325:paddleball
313:team sport
254:Paralympic
87:newspapers
2560:Triathlon
2555:Taekwondo
2505:Badminton
2288:Floorball
2016:Wrestling
2006:Triathlon
1996:Taekwondo
1901:Badminton
1891:Athletics
1271:. Walker.
1193:Frontenis
1093:(US) and
1079:Minnesota
1071:Tennessee
1033:and then
1005:Ben Croft
858:jam serve
825:June 2007
796:does not
613:Equipment
591:Lima 2019
536:Squash 57
505:Argentina
473:Australia
356:Squash 57
337:badminton
214:Equipment
195:Mixed-sex
117:July 2009
2592:Lacrosse
2582:Duathlon
2510:Baseball
2350:Muaythai
2335:Ju-jitsu
2314:Softball
2303:Lacrosse
2298:Korfball
2283:Fistball
2255:Tumbling
2072:Softball
2057:Handball
2052:Football
2032:Baseball
1986:Swimming
1976:Shooting
1911:Canoeing
1688:Archived
1623:Archived
1564:Team USA
1521:Archived
1463:Archived
1439:Archived
1419:Archived
1402:Archived
1379:Archived
1348:Archived
1313:Team USA
1213:Racquets
1177:See also
938:Strategy
693:bounce.
671:damage).
489:Malaysia
436:aerobics
238:Americas
230:Presence
159:Highest
2567:(women)
2535:Netball
2525:Casting
2386:Bowling
2371:Archery
2305:(women)
2240:Parkour
2103:Bowling
1981:Surfing
1971:Sailing
1931:Fencing
1916:Cycling
1886:Archery
1490:8 March
1255:Arizona
1067:Memphis
1063:US Open
1057:US Open
848:Service
817:removed
802:sources
747:Hinders
724:Scoring
665:racquet
509:Ireland
485:Germany
477:Bermuda
431:fitness
370:History
244:Olympic
178:Contact
101:scholar
2340:Karate
2319:Squash
2133:Squash
2113:Futsal
2001:Tennis
1966:Rowing
1951:Karate
1921:Diving
1906:Boxing
1826:Curlie
1265:
1218:Squash
1120:(US),
1007:, and
513:Sweden
491:, the
481:France
469:London
457:squash
452:squash
388:squash
384:tennis
341:squash
333:tennis
311:and a
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2603:Wushu
2594:(men)
2550:Sambo
2470:Track
2138:Sambo
1691:(PDF)
1680:(PDF)
1626:(PDF)
1615:(PDF)
1354:9 May
697:Rules
400:YMCAs
364:below
307:is a
222:Venue
168:(IRF)
108:JSTOR
94:books
2465:Road
2355:Sumo
2118:Polo
2062:Polo
1946:Judo
1936:Golf
1806:2020
1780:2015
1716:2020
1576:2015
1492:2010
1447:2015
1387:2012
1356:2018
1325:2015
1295:2016
1263:ISBN
1156:and
1148:and
1041:and
987:and
968:and
800:any
798:cite
589:and
587:2015
583:2011
579:2003
575:1999
571:1995
511:and
402:and
380:YMCA
345:team
335:and
289:2022
285:2013
281:2009
277:1993
273:1985
269:1981
204:Type
80:news
1824:at
1259:112
811:by
569:in
427:ACE
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258:No
248:No
181:No
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