696:
695:
848:
3153:
3142:
652:
51:
1220:
983:) is to be informed and he is to appoint two matrons to examine the girl and report on her physical preparedness for marriage. If they decide she is too young, she must return to her father's house until she is judged fit. Betrothal may take place at any age. Actual marriage is later, but the age for it varies in different lands."
797:. In one Islamic tradition, Muhammad ran after Husayn in a game until he caught him. Muhammad used to let Umamah sit on his shoulders while he was praying. When someone expressed astonishment at the Prophet when the Prophet kissed his grandchild, he responded, "what can I do if God has deprived your heart of all human feeling?"
1060:. According to this custom, the adopted son would take the name of his adoptive parent, and would be assimilated into the family in a "legal sense". Islam viewed this practice as "erasure of natal identity". This practice was sometimes done for emotional reasons, such as pity, but adoption was also a means through which
1048:
Islam highly recommends the "fostering" of children, defined as "assuming partial or complete responsibility of a child in lieu of the biological parents". However, Islam forbids naming the child as one's own or creating any "fictive relationships". Islamic adoption is sometimes called "fostering" or
809:
Once, Muhammad was sitting with a child in his lap, and the child urinated over
Muhammad. Embarrassed, the father scolded the child. Muhammad restrained the father and advised him: "This is not a big issue. My clothes can be washed. But be careful with how you treat the child. What can restore his
830:
During the first seven years, a child should have the freedom to explore their curiosities, and to look at and experiment with things as they so choose, with little or no parental interference in such pursuits. Mothers are tasked with a larger role in this first stage of a child's life, being
834:
In the second seven years, a child should be taught right from wrong, and even disciplined if necessary. This is also the time parents should instill habits of prayer and Quran study in the child. Fathers are instructed to take the lead in this stage of the child's
925:"When a man gives his daughter in marriage and she dislikes it, the marriage shall be annulled." Once a virgin girl came to the Prophet and said that her father had married her to a man against her wishes. The Prophet gave her the right to repudiate the marriage.
870:
Muhammad said: "Every one of you is a protector and guardian and responsible for your wards and things under your care and a man is a guardian of his family members, and is accountable for those placed under his charge." (Bukhari and Muslim)
777:, died in infancy. Because of this, his experience as a father is sometimes described as "sorrowful". Muhammad also had an adopted son, Zayd, who is said to be the object of Muhammad's parental affection. He also had two grandsons,
1064:
were stripped of their identities and given the name of their enslaver. The Quran replaced the pre-Islamic custom of adoption by the recommendation that "believers treat children of unknown origin as their brothers in the faith".
750:
Islam identifies three distinct stages of child development, each lasting 7 years, from age 0-21. Each comes with specific prescriptions for what a child is to learn and what their relationship with their parents should be.
805:
had died. Muhammad played many games with children, joked with them and befriended them. Muhammad also showed love to children of other religions. Once he visited his Jewish neighbor's son when the child was sick.
800:
Muhammad has been described as being very fond of children in general. Watt attributes this to
Muhammad's yearning for children, as most of his own children died before him. He comforted a child whose pet
949:
has been given to the guardian so that he may overrule the child to marry someone he thinks is unsuitable for her. This is the legal right given to the guardian for girls by Maliki school of thought.
1247:
2892:
2774:
2142:
2759:
2858:
1360:
1317:
1515:
1053:". Traditionally Islam has viewed legal adoption as a source of potential problems, such as accidentally marrying one's sibling or when distributing inheritance.
761:
Fostering is strongly encouraged, but it is frowned upon to adopt a child and treat them as your own. Instead, they should maintain their own "natal identity."
2789:
1292:
1335:
1637:
1467:
961:, and "quite young children may be legally married". The girl may not live with the husband however until she is fit for marital sexual relations. The
2863:
2779:
2880:
1548:
2843:
2764:
425:
847:
2784:
1674:
2794:
2751:
1477:
1257:
1230:
312:
971:
maintains that a wife must not be taken to her husband's house until she reaches the condition of fitness for sexual relations. Levy adds:
921:
In addition, Muhammad gave women the power to annul their marriages if it was found that they had been married against their consent.
874:
One of the rights that children have over their parents is to be provided with marriage when they are old enough without delaying it.
2646:
2600:
2260:
2254:
1200:
490:
1186:
2517:
2373:
1850:
1746:
1043:
90:
3011:
2817:
682:
3187:
3076:
2624:
2522:
1334:
Prof. Abdur Rahman I. Doi
Professor and Director, Center for Islamic Legal Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaira, Nigeria.
1291:
Prof. Abdur Rahman I. Doi
Professor and Director, Center for Islamic Legal Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaira, Nigeria.
1192:
627:
3182:
2434:
2193:
1870:
361:
2973:
2996:
2583:
2439:
2429:
2335:
1988:
393:
2963:
3177:
3098:
2769:
2537:
2330:
1707:
758:
does not specify what age that is. Different traditions and countries have different views on readiness for marriage.
440:
267:
838:
During the third seven years, a child should have more of a friendly and collaborative relationship with the parents.
1010:. Legal theorists assign different ages and criteria for reaching this state for both males and females. For women,
2848:
2731:
2248:
1667:
743:, the duties of children towards their parents, and the rights of parents over their children, both biological and
480:
2941:
2928:
2629:
2458:
2154:
1876:
1839:
909:
575:
287:
1296:
3093:
2812:
2636:
2409:
1889:
1339:
1084:
507:
307:
2951:
1916:
1762:
1620:
1593:
1582:
1574:
102:
3108:
3037:
3006:
2936:
1860:
1855:
1773:
1607:
1101:
556:
322:
3054:
3032:
1783:
1660:
1450:
1094:
945:, children due to their immaturity may choose an unsuitable partner for themselves, hence, the power of
551:
376:
160:
115:
2711:
2618:
2563:
786:
774:
770:
877:
Children have the right to equal treatment with respect their siblings in terms of financial gifts.
754:
Muslims have the right to a marriage arranged by their parents when they are old enough, though the
3192:
2946:
2822:
2716:
2532:
1971:
1768:
675:
561:
195:
95:
3113:
3027:
2868:
2804:
2612:
2588:
2265:
2243:
1948:
1899:
1865:
1756:
1509:
1415:
1074:
1057:
794:
585:
542:
512:
495:
470:
415:
83:
2045:
1590:
Nurturing Child And
Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions
3088:
3083:
2988:
2978:
2968:
2641:
2527:
2479:
2322:
2233:
1936:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1739:
1632:
1473:
1398:
1354:
1311:
1253:
1226:
1216:
1196:
905:
886:
823:
736:
711:
636:
622:
590:
537:
450:
410:
272:
3118:
3103:
2853:
2558:
2280:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2183:
1931:
1834:
1806:
1694:
1642:
435:
430:
381:
366:
351:
260:
139:
1030:, or intellectual maturity to handle one's own property, is reached can a girl receive her
3044:
2741:
2686:
2172:
2132:
2021:
1977:
1751:
1023:
1019:
901:
856:
790:
617:
570:
386:
346:
335:
317:
220:
165:
78:
2486:
941:
is defined as the annulment of marriage due to objection by male guardian. According to
3156:
2873:
2726:
2568:
2270:
1089:
1079:
942:
782:
668:
530:
517:
475:
420:
34:
3171:
3059:
2886:
2736:
2275:
2238:
2213:
2050:
1394:
1050:
831:
responsible for building and nurturing a healthy emotional connection with the child.
778:
595:
500:
460:
3146:
3071:
2721:
2573:
2451:
2167:
1715:
864:
656:
602:
339:
71:
60:
2016:
2001:
17:
2698:
2188:
2111:
2096:
1996:
1883:
1628:
1532:
1463:
1031:
958:
897:
802:
398:
356:
280:
3001:
2083:
2040:
2011:
403:
2706:
2137:
2079:
2026:
1894:
744:
302:
3049:
2545:
2403:
2355:
2149:
2055:
2006:
1734:
612:
580:
294:
228:
975:"In case of a dispute on the matter between the husband and the bride's
3064:
2660:
2348:
2228:
2106:
2101:
2088:
2072:
2065:
2060:
1792:
1003:
717:
707:
445:
122:
2578:
2552:
2511:
2472:
2389:
2302:
2223:
2125:
2035:
1966:
1961:
1728:
1007:
998:
962:
930:
914:
860:
852:
465:
455:
244:
212:
204:
189:
183:
67:
1545:
Muhammad and Jesus: A Comparison of the
Prophets and Their Teachings
1469:
Encyclopedia of Women and
Islamic Cultures: Family, Law and Politics
2958:
2827:
2652:
2606:
2594:
2396:
2382:
2341:
2118:
1956:
1813:
1799:
1720:
1683:
1061:
819:
755:
740:
703:
694:
607:
485:
176:
134:
127:
50:
42:
957:
No age limits have been fixed by Islam for marriage according to
2493:
2465:
2415:
2362:
2307:
1820:
980:
976:
967:
810:
self-esteem after you have dealt with him in public like this?"
725:
699:
236:
144:
2913:
2681:
2297:
1656:
1652:
721:
1525:
Mukhtasar tr.Ignazio Guidi and David
Santillana (Milan, 1919)
979:(her nearest male kinsman and her guardian), the judge (
773:, three boys and four girls. All of his sons, including
1563:] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Wilhelm Spemann.
1412:
3020:
2987:
2927:
2836:
2803:
2750:
2697:
2503:
2425:
2372:
2321:
2163:
1987:
1947:
1830:
1782:
1706:
1611:. Ed. P. Bearman et al., Leiden: Brill, 1960ā2005.
1026:. However, only after a separate condition called
1557:Muhammedanisches Recht Nach Schafiitischer Lehre
1006:or adulthood and has full responsibility under
973:
923:
1561:Muhammadan law according to Shafiite teachings
1372:
1370:
1668:
1002:refers to a person who has reached maturity,
676:
8:
1635:, eds. (2003). "Family, law, and politics".
1432:Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures
1359:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1316:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1293:"Marriage ā The Free Consent of the Parties"
1118:
1116:
826:of seven years each; according to Muhammad:
2924:
2910:
2694:
2678:
2318:
2294:
1703:
1675:
1661:
1653:
1638:Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures
1514:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1430:Ingrid Matison, "Adoption and Fostering",
764:
683:
669:
29:
1426:
1424:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1549:Continuum International Publishing Group
1441:
1439:
1156:
1154:
910:contracts between two consenting parties
846:
1329:
1327:
1286:
1284:
1112:
41:
1507:
1352:
1309:
1049:"partial adoption" and is similar to "
822:, Muhammad prescribed three stages of
933:school of thought gives the right of
765:Muhammad's interactions with children
7:
1185:Starrett, Gregory (March 26, 1998).
904:are strictly forbidden in Islam, as
1336:"Marriage ā Ijbar: A Safety Valve"
1056:Adoption was a common practice in
25:
1539:. UK: Cambridge University Press.
1498:Handbuch des Islamischen Gesetzes
1246:Denffer, Ahmad Von (2015-12-10).
1174:. Tayyiba Publishers & Distr.
3152:
3151:
3140:
2661:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
1851:Timeline of the history of Islam
1571:. UK: Garnet & Ithaca Press.
1044:Islamic adoptional jurisprudence
650:
49:
3012:List of ex-Muslim organisations
1579:Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman
735:includes Islamic principles of
1617:The Oxford dictionary of Islam
1193:University of California Press
996:In Islamic legal terminology,
1:
1537:The Social Structure of Islam
990:The Social Structure of Islam
2997:Apostasy in Islam by country
2864:Liberalism and progressivism
1466:; NaĒ§mÄbÄdÄ«, AfsÄna (2003).
855:couple and their toddler at
785:, and three granddaughters,
739:, the rights of children in
1275:Women In the Shade of Islam
224:("Stories of the Prophets")
27:Rights of children in Islam
3209:
1504:] (in German). Leyden.
1041:
884:
702:Muslim girls studying the
3135:
2923:
2909:
2775:Geography and cartography
2693:
2677:
2317:
2293:
1702:
1691:
1588:Yust, Karen-Marie (2006).
1543:Phipps, William E (1999).
3094:Islamic view of miracles
1594:Rowman & Littlefield
1575:Watt, William Montgomery
1085:Islamic views on slavery
313:Medieval Islamic science
2849:Creationism (evolution)
1621:Oxford University Press
1615:Esposito, John (2004).
1583:Oxford University Press
1273:Al-Sheha, Abdulrahman.
1252:. Kube Publishing Ltd.
3109:Persecution of Muslims
3007:List of former Muslims
1856:Succession to Muhammad
1608:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1555:Edward Sachau (1897).
1038:Adoption and fostering
994:
927:
867:
728:
323:Succession to Muhammad
3188:Islamic jurisprudence
2893:Conversion to mosques
2760:Alchemy and chemistry
1567:Stewart, P.J (1994).
1502:Manual of Islamic Law
1451:Encyclopedia of Islam
1188:Putting Islam to Work
1095:Religion and children
850:
698:
2619:Ma malakat aymanukum
2194:Association football
2093:Moderate Kharijites
1222:Social Laws of Islam
775:Ibrahim ibn Muhammad
706:placed atop folding
362:Association football
1170:Kassamali, Tahera.
1136:Watt (1974), p. 230
1102:Muhammad's children
965:madhhab of Islamic
123:Profession of Faith
96:Day of Resurrection
3178:Islam and children
3114:Quran and miracles
3028:Criticism of Islam
2732:Geometric patterns
2584:Gender segregation
2155:Non-denominational
1523:Khalil bin Ishaq.
1416:Harvard University
1249:Islam for Children
1217:Hannan, Shah Abdul
1075:Islam and humanity
1058:pre-Islamic Arabia
898:schools of thought
868:
843:Rights of children
733:Islam and children
729:
18:Islam and Children
3183:Children's rights
3165:
3164:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3099:Domestic violence
3089:Islamic terrorism
3084:Islamic extremism
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2459:Marriage contract
2289:
2288:
2249:Political aspects
1978:Story of Prophets
1747:Prophets of Islam
1633:Afsaneh Najmabadi
1496:Juynboll (1910).
1479:978-90-04-12818-7
1399:Oxford University
1277:. pp. 33ā34.
1259:978-0-86037-671-2
1232:978-984-8203-08-8
1022:is manifested by
937:to the guardian.
906:Islamic marriages
887:Marriage in Islam
824:child development
814:Child development
737:child development
693:
692:
623:Deobandi jihadism
16:(Redirected from
3200:
3155:
3154:
3147:Islam portal
3145:
3144:
3143:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2752:Medieval science
2695:
2685:
2679:
2336:Economic history
2319:
2295:
2281:Islam by country
2066:Bektashi Alevism
1704:
1695:Outline of Islam
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1646:
1624:
1564:
1540:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1484:
1483:
1460:
1454:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1338:. Archived from
1331:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1295:. Archived from
1288:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1172:Raising Children
1167:
1161:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1123:
1120:
992:
902:forced marriages
685:
678:
671:
657:Islam portal
655:
654:
653:
53:
30:
21:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3141:
3139:
3123:
3045:Cultural Muslim
3016:
2983:
2929:Other religions
2919:
2915:
2897:
2832:
2799:
2746:
2689:
2687:Islamic studies
2683:
2665:
2499:
2444:
2421:
2368:
2313:
2312:
2285:
2234:Moral teachings
2177:
2159:
2133:Nation of Islam
2046:Twelver Shi'ism
1983:
1949:Religious texts
1943:
1861:Early conquests
1844:
1826:
1778:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1650:
1627:
1614:
1569:Unfolding Islam
1554:
1531:
1522:
1506:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1409:
1405:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1195:. p. 103.
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1071:
1046:
1040:
1020:sexual maturity
993:
987:
955:
953:Age of marriage
912:referred to as
896:All Sunni/Shia
894:
889:
883:
857:Masjid al-Haram
845:
816:
767:
745:foster children
689:
651:
649:
642:
641:
618:Salafi jihadism
576:Other religions
571:Arabic language
533:
523:
522:
451:Moral teachings
342:
328:
327:
318:Spread of Islam
263:
253:
252:
240:(jurisprudence)
222:Qisas al-Anbiya
171:
170:
150:
149:
118:
108:
107:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3024:
3022:
3021:Related topics
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2933:
2931:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2644:
2642:Sources of law
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Social welfare
2263:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2091:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1871:Historiography
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1625:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1572:
1565:
1552:
1541:
1529:
1520:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1455:
1435:
1420:
1403:
1387:
1378:
1366:
1323:
1280:
1265:
1258:
1238:
1231:
1208:
1201:
1177:
1162:
1160:Phipps, p. 120
1150:
1138:
1124:
1122:Stewart, p.113
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1090:Women in Islam
1087:
1082:
1080:Child marriage
1077:
1070:
1067:
1042:Main article:
1039:
1036:
985:
954:
951:
943:Malik ibn Anas
893:
890:
885:Main article:
882:
879:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
832:
815:
812:
771:seven children
766:
763:
691:
690:
688:
687:
680:
673:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:
644:
643:
640:
639:
633:
632:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
605:
600:
599:
598:
593:
583:
578:
573:
567:
566:
565:
564:
559:
554:
546:
545:
540:
534:
531:Related topics
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
513:Social welfare
510:
505:
504:
503:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
407:
406:
401:
391:
390:
389:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
343:
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
298:
291:
284:
276:
275:
270:
264:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
242:
233:
232:
226:
218:
210:
201:
200:
180:
172:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
142:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
103:Predestination
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
84:Revealed Books
81:
75:
74:
64:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3205:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3150:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Post-Islamism
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:Protestantism
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2908:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Ophthalmology
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:Death penalty
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:Other aspects
2502:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2308:Jurisprudence
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1989:Denominations
1986:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1774:Holiest sites
1772:
1770:
1769:Judgement Day
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:John Esposito
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1342:on 2007-03-29
1341:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1299:on 2007-03-29
1298:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1202:9780520919303
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1051:open adoption
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
991:
988:Reuben Levy,
984:
982:
978:
972:
970:
969:
964:
960:
952:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
922:
919:
917:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
891:
888:
880:
878:
875:
872:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
842:
837:
833:
829:
828:
827:
825:
821:
813:
811:
807:
804:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
769:Muhammad had
762:
759:
757:
752:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:The topic of
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
686:
681:
679:
674:
672:
667:
666:
664:
663:
658:
648:
647:
646:
645:
638:
635:
634:
629:
628:Military laws
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
604:
601:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
547:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
486:Proselytizing
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:Denominations
392:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
337:
332:
331:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
292:
290:
289:
285:
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
262:
257:
256:
249:
247:
243:
241:
239:
235:
234:
230:
227:
225:
223:
219:
217:
215:
211:
209:
207:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
191:
186:
185:
181:
179:
178:
174:
173:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
154:
153:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
117:
112:
111:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
73:
69:
66:
65:
62:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
3072:Islamophobia
2937:Christianity
2885:
2818:Contemporary
2712:Architecture
2651:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2551:
2544:
2510:
2492:
2487:Nikah mut'ah
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2414:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2253:
2203:
1976:
1900:
1882:
1875:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:Five Pillars
1761:
1727:
1716:God in Islam
1693:
1649:
1636:
1616:
1606:
1589:
1578:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1544:
1536:
1533:Levy, Reuben
1524:
1501:
1497:
1468:
1464:Joseph, Suad
1458:
1446:
1431:
1411:
1406:
1390:
1381:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1274:
1268:
1248:
1241:
1221:
1211:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1165:
1148:Yust, p.72-3
1055:
1047:
1027:
1018:in terms of
1015:
1011:
997:
995:
989:
974:
966:
956:
946:
938:
934:
928:
924:
920:
913:
895:
876:
873:
869:
865:Saudi Arabia
817:
808:
799:
768:
760:
753:
749:
732:
730:
712:
603:Islamophobia
382:Demographics
377:Circumcision
371:
293:
286:
279:
245:
237:
221:
213:
205:
194:
188:
182:
175:
2942:Catholicism
2837:Other areas
2828:Theological
2823:Eschatology
2780:Mathematics
2717:Calligraphy
2647:Theological
2601:Inheritance
2518:Cleanliness
1890:Shi'a Imams
1884:Ahl al-Bayt
1629:Suad Joseph
1445:A. Giladi,
1418:Press, 1996
1385:Levy, p.107
1376:Levy, p.106
1032:bridewealth
1008:Islamic law
959:Reuben Levy
900:agree that
803:nightingale
787:Umm Kulthum
281:Ahl al-Bayt
166:Foundations
3193:Family law
3172:Categories
3002:Ex-Muslims
2887:Shu'ubiyya
2881:Psychology
2869:Literature
2859:Inventions
2805:Philosophy
2613:Leadership
2589:Honorifics
2244:Philosophy
2051:Isma'ilism
2012:Maturidism
1895:Caliphates
1866:Golden Age
1757:Revelation
1490:References
1401:Press 2003
1346:2007-03-28
1303:2007-03-28
471:Philosophy
208:(exegesis)
145:Pilgrimage
135:Almsgiving
3119:Symbolism
3077:Incidents
3055:Criticism
2947:Mormonism
2844:Astrology
2770:Cosmology
2765:Astronomy
2707:Arabesque
2574:Etiquette
2533:Blasphemy
2323:Economics
2138:Ahmadiyya
2080:Muhakkima
2027:Wahhabism
2017:Mu'tazili
2002:Ash'arism
1510:cite book
1472:. BRILL.
1397:, Islam,
716:) during
591:terrorism
543:Criticism
496:Sexuality
466:Mysticism
436:Festivals
416:Education
411:Economics
347:Academics
303:Caliphate
116:Practices
3157:Category
3050:Islamism
3033:Muhammad
2989:Apostasy
2964:Hinduism
2854:Feminism
2785:Medicine
2625:Military
2579:Gambling
2528:Apostasy
2523:Criminal
2435:Marriage
2404:Tayammum
2356:Murabaha
2229:Madrasas
2219:Holidays
2209:Clothing
2204:Children
2199:Calendar
2150:Quranism
2084:Khawarij
2056:Alawites
2007:Atharism
1901:Rashidun
1740:In Islam
1735:Muhammad
1577:(1974).
1535:(1969).
1355:cite web
1312:cite web
1225:. IIIT.
1219:(1997).
1069:See also
1016:balaghat
986:ā
881:Marriage
708:lecterns
637:Glossary
613:Jihadism
586:Violence
581:Islamism
552:Muhammad
538:Apostasy
481:Politics
431:Feminism
426:Exorcism
387:Diaspora
372:Children
367:Calendar
295:Rashidun
273:Muhammad
268:Timeline
229:Mathnawi
91:Prophets
35:a series
33:Part of
3104:Nursing
3065:Qutbism
2979:Sikhism
2974:Judaism
2969:Jainism
2959:Druzism
2795:Physics
2742:Pottery
2727:Gardens
2722:Carpets
2637:Slavery
2559:Divorce
2546:DhabiĄa
2374:Hygiene
2349:Takaful
2331:Banking
2261:Science
2255:Qurbani
2224:Mosques
2184:Animals
2173:Culture
2107:Nukkari
2102:Azzabas
2089:Azariqa
2073:Zaydism
2061:Alevism
1937:Ottoman
1927:Almohad
1922:Fatimid
1917:CĆ³rdoba
1912:Abbasid
1907:Umayyad
1840:Leaders
1835:History
1793:Shahada
1708:Beliefs
1601:General
1453:, Brill
1410:Masud,
1004:puberty
892:Consent
818:In the
718:Ramadan
508:Slavery
491:Science
446:Madrasa
441:Finance
352:Animals
340:society
336:Culture
308:Imamate
288:Sahabah
261:History
231:(Poems)
216:(creed)
140:Fasting
68:Oneness
61:Beliefs
2916:
2874:poetry
2684:
2569:Ethics
2553:Dhimmi
2512:Baligh
2473:Mahram
2430:Family
2410:Toilet
2390:Miswak
2143:Lahori
2126:Najdat
2022:Salafi
1972:Seerah
1967:Tafsir
1962:Hadith
1932:Sokoto
1877:Sahaba
1752:Angels
1729:Tawhid
1686:topics
1476:
1256:
1229:
1199:
1062:slaves
1024:menses
1012:baligh
999:baligh
963:Hanafi
931:Maliki
915:mithaq
861:Makkah
853:Muslim
795:Umamah
793:, and
791:Zaynab
783:Husayn
562:Hadith
476:Poetry
456:Mosque
421:Ethics
246:Sharia
214:Aqidah
206:Tafsir
190:Hadith
184:Sunnah
128:Prayer
79:Angels
3038:Quran
2918:Other
2813:Early
2737:Music
2653:Kalam
2607:Jizya
2595:Hudud
2480:Nikah
2397:Najis
2383:Ghusl
2342:Sukuk
2271:Women
2239:Music
2214:Flags
2119:Sufri
2112:Wahbi
2097:Ibadi
1997:Sunni
1957:Quran
1814:Zakat
1800:Salah
1763:Qadar
1721:Allah
1684:Islam
1643:BRILL
1559:[
1500:[
1447:saqir
1108:Notes
1028:rushd
947:ijbar
939:Ijbar
935:ijbar
835:life.
820:Quran
779:Hasan
756:Quran
741:Islam
713:rehal
704:Quran
608:Jihad
557:Quran
518:Women
461:Music
399:Sunni
248:(law)
196:Sirah
177:Quran
161:Texts
43:Islam
2699:Arts
2630:POWs
2564:Diet
2494:Zina
2466:Mahr
2452:Haya
2416:Wudu
2363:Riba
2276:LGBT
2168:Life
2041:Shia
2036:Sufi
1821:Hajj
1807:Sawm
1516:link
1474:ISBN
1361:link
1318:link
1254:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1197:ISBN
981:qadi
977:wali
968:fiqh
929:The
908:are
781:and
726:Iran
700:Shia
501:LGBT
404:Shia
338:and
238:Fiqh
2440:Sex
2303:Law
2189:Art
1014:or
722:Qom
720:in
596:war
357:Art
72:God
70:of
3174::
1641:.
1631:;
1619:.
1592:.
1581:.
1547:.
1512:}}
1508:{{
1449:,
1438:^
1423:^
1414:,
1369:^
1357:}}
1353:{{
1326:^
1314:}}
1310:{{
1283:^
1191:.
1153:^
1141:^
1127:^
1115:^
1034:.
918:.
863:,
859:,
851:A
789:,
747:.
724:,
193:,
37:on
2082:/
1676:e
1669:t
1662:v
1645:.
1623:.
1596:.
1585:.
1551:.
1527:.
1518:)
1482:.
1363:)
1349:.
1320:)
1306:.
1262:.
1235:.
1205:.
710:(
684:e
677:t
670:v
199:)
187:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
