386:
812:
365:, Israel committed itself under Prime Minister Sharon to evacuate outposts, erected from March 2001, the start of the Sharon government. The Israeli government gave the U.S. a list of 28 unauthorized outposts erected in the West Bank since that date, of which 12 were ordered to be removed, "while some of the remaining 16 outposts in the process of being approved and planned", according to the Israeli daily
278:"Dummy" outposts are uninhabited outposts. Apparently, some of them were used to distract the IDF in order to prevent the evacuation of occupied outposts. Others are destined to improve negotiation positions by offering extra outposts to remove and show the world that the State is dismantling outposts, The idea of the "dummy" outposts is attributed to Ze'ev Hever, a former leader of the
33:
891:"On 11 November 1979, about one month after the ruling in the Elon Moreh case, the government decided "to expand the settlement in Judea, Samaria, the Jordan Valley, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights by increasing the population of the existing communities and by establishing new communities on state-owned land."
486:
published in July 2012, which comes to the conclusion that Israel's presence in the West Bank is not occupation, recommends state approval for unauthorized outposts, and provides proposals for new guidelines for settlement construction. As of April 2013, the report was not brought before the
Israeli
269:
Most of the state land belongs to the latter type. According to B'Tselem, the declaration as state land was doubtful in many instances. Israel pretends to apply
Ottoman land laws but uses an interpretation of the law that differs from the Ottoman/British Mandate/Jordanian rule. The latter never used
302:
Currently, some hundred outposts exist. The Sasson Report gave a provisional figure of 105 unauthorized outposts by March 2005, although Sasson did not have the disposal of all the necessary information. It found that 26 outposts were on state lands, 15 on private
Palestinian lands and 7 on survey
270:
declaration of state land as a method to take over lands. International law forbids the occupying power to change the local law in force in the occupied area (in force on the eve of its occupation) unless such a change is necessary for security needs or for the benefit of the local population.
212:
Sasson defines an outpost as an unauthorized settlement not attached to an existing settlement. If attached, it is regarded as an unauthorized neighborhood. Moreover, outposts can be built either within or beyond the officially determined municipal boundaries. Although the
Israeli government
96:, when the Israeli government made commitments to freeze the building of new settlements. Although outposts were not officially supported by the government, Israeli public authorities and other government bodies played a major role in establishing and developing them, according to the 2005
254:
The
Netanyahu government seeks to legalize outposts on state land and dismantle those on private lands. As this state land is part of the Occupied Territories, authorization can only make them legal according to Israeli law; it does not change their illegal status under international law.
145:
made commitments to freeze the building of new settlements. After then, however, settlers built new settlements without governmental decision, but often with the involvement of
Israeli public authorities and other government bodies and government ministries, such as the
110:
In July 2002, the
Israeli government acknowledged that 69 outposts had been established since 1996. A number of them, most unpopulated, have been removed afterwards. Currently, some hundred outposts exist. The majority of them, some 70 in 2002, belong to the
76:
in contravention of
Israeli statutes regulating planning and construction. In Israeli law, outposts are distinguished from settlements authorized by the Israeli government. This distinction between illegal outposts and "legal" settlements is not endorsed by
896:"International law, forbids the occupying power to change the local law in force in the occupied area on the eve of its occupation, unless such a change is necessary for security needs or for the benefit of the local population."
303:
lands. The definition of outposts, neighborhoods and authorized settlements may differ between concerned parties. Due to different interpretations, the number of outposts (and of settlements as well) may differ in statistics.
229:
still can be built without authorization. Because the difference is obscure, often disputes arise about whether new houses are the expansion (thickening) of an existing settlement or the start of a new outpost. According to
373:
claimed that there are 45 unauthorized outposts erected in the West Bank after March 2001. Israel did not meet the commitment under the
Roadmap. It dismantled few manned outposts and none of the larger ones.
416:, the Israeli government under Netanyahu legalised ten illegal outposts in 2012, being the only Israeli government to ever authorize outposts. In February 2012, approval was quietly granted to the outpost
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were settlements that sprouted without formal authorization by the military administration due to commitments given by the
Israeli government during the Oslo process not to build new settlements.
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107:. Outposts differ from neighborhoods in that they are built at a substantial distance from authorized settlements, while neighborhoods are attached to an existing settlement.
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In theory, military outposts are temporary occupations for military strategic purposes, not for the settlement of civilians. In the Occupied Territories, these were typically
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353:, of which 29 were set up in 2023, a number greater than any previous year. BBC News also estimated that possibly 89 of the 196 outposts were built from 2019 onwards.
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908:
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Outposts differ from neighborhoods in that they are built at a substantial distance from authorized settlements. Like outposts, neighborhoods such as Ulpana in
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The outpost was established with no legal planning status. Meaning, with no valid detailed plan governing the area it was established upon, which can support a
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all forms of settlement in the occupied territories are considered prohibited under international law, Israel considers only settlement 'outposts' illegal.
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in 1979 before the Israeli Supreme Court, the Government formally follows the policy not to allow new settlements on private Palestinian lands.
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declared that it intended to legalise outposts that were built on state land, and to evict the outposts that are on private Palestinian lands.
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Land registered as state land under Jordanian rule, seized in 1967 and declared and registered as state land under Military Order No 59 (1967);
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An unauthorized outpost is not attached to an existing settlement, but rather at least a few hundred meters distant from it as the crow flies.
188:. However, they can also be further developed, having more permanent housing as well as "paved roads, bus stops, synagogues and playgrounds."
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said, this means the state has started a process to legitimize these outposts. In March 2011, the Israeli government under Prime Minister
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There was no government decision to establish it, and in any case no authorized political echelon approved its establishment.
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found that the proliferation of outposts was a continuation of the Israeli settlement enterprise and makes it clear that
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482:, dubbed the âoutpost committeeâ, to investigate the legal status of unauthorized West Bank Israeli settlements. The
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are illegal, it usually provides them with military defense, access to public utilities, and other infrastructure.
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234:, the Israeli government is playing a trick by legalizing outposts as a neighborhood of an existing settlement.
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The population of outposts generally numbers between a few and some 400 people and they are usually composed of
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In 2012, ten unauthorized outposts were retroactively legalised by the Israeli government under Prime Minister
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Israel distinguishes between outposts built on state land and those built on privately owned lands. Since the
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The Government opposes the evacuation of older outposts. After March 2001 outposts were further expanded.
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According to the 2005 Sasson Report, there are four principal characteristics of an unauthorized outpost:
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In 2012, four new outposts were established with 317 new housing units built without building permits:
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In late January 2012, Prime Minister Netanyahu appointed a three-member committee headed by former
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For the First Time Since 1990 â the Government is to Approve the Establishment of New Settlements
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436:. The Minister of Defense also approved the promotion of plans that will legalize the outposts
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cabinet or any parliamentary or governmental body which would have the power to approve it.
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397:-plan, written in January 2011, at least 26 outposts were included in areas defined as
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As of August 2024, there were at least 196 Israeli outposts in the West Bank, reported
37:
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735:"IDF troops provide security for all West Bank outposts - regardless of legal status"
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as âneighborhoodsâ of other settlements or outposts, and in June 2012, the outpost
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Under the Guise of Legality â Israel's Declarations of State Land in the West Bank
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was retroactively legalised by redesignating it as a neighbourhood of the nearby
208:
The outpost was established in the nineties, mostly from the mid-nineties and on.
171:âan unauthorized outpost is not a âsemi legalâ outpost. Unauthorized is illegal.â
1050:
Tacchi, Jake; Al-Qattan, Ziad; Mader, Emir; Cassel, Matthew (2 September 2024).
483:
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282:. The Sasson Report found that most of the evacuated outposts were unpopulated.
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The Trick that failed: Legalization as a neighborhood of an existing settlement
424:, in April of the same year, legal status was conferred on the three outposts
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1190:"Israel vows to raze all illegal outposts built on private Palestinian land"
909:"Israel vows to raze all illegal outposts built on private Palestinian land"
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Court delays evacuation of illegal West Bank outpost of Amona until July
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583:"New "Outposts" Lead Settlement Expansion. Settlement Report 12 No. 5"
460:
settlement, from which it is separated by a major inter-city highway.
389:
The large outpost-declared-neighborhood Shevut-Rachel seen from Shilo.
457:
335:
323:
311:
420:
by redesignating it as a âneighborhoodâ of the nearby settlement of
126:, by redesignating them as a neighbourhood of nearby settlements.
1023:"Approval for settlement plans jumped 300% in 2012, says Peace Now"
862:
Settlements in Focus - Behind the Barrier: A Profile of Elon Moreh
384:
31:
813:"New Commander Should Protect Palestinians From Settler Violence"
708:"The Government Secretly Approved another Outpost: Nofei Nehemia"
294:, and they became a principal way to start civilian settlements.
1175:
IDF Civil Administration pushing for land takeover in West Bank
213:
acknowledges that settlements built on land privately owned by
1099:"At least 70 outposts are located on private Palestinian land"
978:
The defense minister and the case of the disappearing outposts
506:
Palestinian Politics After Arafat: A Failed National Movement
867:
Why was Elon Moreh's establishment particularly significant?
81:, which considers both a violation of the norms, governing
1230:"Watchdog says Israel 'legalises' another settler outpost"
72:, constructed without the required authorization from the
551:"Summary of the Opinion Concerning Unauthorized Outposts"
265:
State Land declared after 1979 under changed legislation.
1316:
The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation
935:
LAND GRAB â Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank
889:(p.13) Government Decision No. 145 of 1 November 1979:
258:
In the West Bank, there are two types of state land:
887:(4,6 MB), pp. 12-15, 56-60. B'Tselem, February 2012.
877:
875:
1381:
Phrases related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
1256:"Legal report on outposts recommends authorization"
1052:"Extremist settlers rapidly seizing West Bank land"
993:Focus / Yesha sacrifices trailers in a larger game
652:. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Archived from
585:. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Archived from
1080:"Israel gives U.S. list of unauthorized outposts"
865:, Settlement in Focus: Vol. 1, Issue 10, Section
129:Outposts often are provided with security by the
64:lit. "a handhold") is an unauthorized or illegal
27:Unauthorized Israeli settlements in the West Bank
702:
700:
1216:IDF signs injunction legalizing Bruchin outpost
1188:Chaim Levinson and Barak Ravid (1 March 2011).
1008:Israel plans 16 outposts in West Bank and Golan
907:Chaim Levinson and Barak Ravid (1 March 2011).
1285:"Validate Settlements, Israeli Panel Suggests"
1278:
1276:
1160:Evacuate? Settlers continue to expand outposts
1097:Hagit Ofran and Lara Friedman (2 March 2011).
8:
1249:
1247:
761:"Settler Affairs: Running for the hilltops"
673:
671:
608:
606:
604:
581:Geoffrey Aronson (SeptemberâOctober 2002).
342:as part of the expansion of the settlement
243:Outposts on state land and on private lands
710:. Peace Now. 1 August 2012. Archived from
1351:Settlements and Outposts Numbers and Data
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1043:
815:. Targeted News Service. 22 November 2011
616:Settlements and Outposts Numbers and Data
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1319:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 40â49.
526:. Oxford University Press. p. 236.
508:. Indiana University Press. p. 32.
785:
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1219:. The Jerusalem Post, 12 August 2012.
7:
148:Ministry of Housing and Construction
678:Sara Leibovich-Dar (11 July 2002).
524:The International Law of Occupation
57:
1021:Chaim Levinson (16 January 2013).
561:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
25:
940:Declaration of Land as State Land
150:, the Settlement Division of the
92:Outposts appeared after the 1993
1396:Unauthorized Israeli settlements
1078:AP and Aluf Benn (1 July 2004).
792:Outposts: the Unripe Settlements
1283:Isabel Kershner (9 July 2012).
759:Tovah Lazaroff (25 June 2009).
122:, according to the Israeli NGO
1254:Tovah Lazaroff (9 July 2012).
549:Talia Sasson (10 March 2005).
1:
938:, pp. 40,51-54, Chapter 3, B
412:According to the Israeli NGO
361:In the framework of the 2003
176:Characteristics of an outpost
1386:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
1313:Elisha Efrat (26 May 2006).
1163:. Ynetnews, 16 November 2006
1124:Ami Isseroff (2 July 2004).
221:Outposts versus neighborhood
156:Israeli Civil Administration
40:is located in the West Bank.
1101:. Peace Now. Archived from
1005:Christian Science Monitor,
733:Gili Cohen (3 April 2013).
369:. However, the Israeli NGO
310:(Tzofin North) outside the
1412:
1126:"Israel's outpost hutzpah"
467:
346:, according to Peace Now.
152:World Zionist Organization
87:Israeli-occupied West Bank
1356:Settlements and Outposts
1148:. Haaretz, 29 April 2013
628:Settlements and Outposts
522:Eyal Benvenisti (2012).
981:. Haaretz, 11 July 2002
957:Methods of Confiscation
802:. ARIJ, 17 January 2004
162:, commissioned by then
100:, commissioned by then
83:belligerent occupations
954:Peace Now, June 2009,
789:The list and a map on:
390:
41:
1178:Haaretz, 22 July 2011
650:"Settlement Outposts"
476:Israeli Supreme Court
401:. Left-wing activist
388:
131:Israel Defense Forces
35:
680:"The Zambish factor"
504:AsĘťad Ä Änim (2010).
85:, applicable to the
1391:Israeli settlements
1232:. AFP. 17 July 2012
1105:on 23 November 2012
869:; 16 September 2005
656:on 18 November 2008
381:Legalising outposts
1376:Israeli settlement
1289:The New York Times
1260:The Jerusalem Post
963:2013-10-13 at the
842:2016-03-04 at the
798:2005-10-19 at the
766:The Jerusalem Post
714:on 11 October 2013
633:2013-03-09 at the
622:2013-10-11 at the
407:Benyamin Netanyahu
391:
298:Number of outposts
280:Jewish Underground
120:Benyamin Netanyahu
74:Israeli government
66:Israeli settlement
42:
1326:978-0-415-38544-2
1011:. 3 February 1982
363:Roadmap for Peace
357:Roadmap for Peace
292:Nahal settlements
286:Military outposts
238:Types of outposts
79:international law
16:(Redirected from
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480:Edmund Levy
470:Levy Report
464:Levy Report
450:Givat Salit
395:"Blue Line"
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1365:Categories
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932:B'Tselem,
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491:References
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320:Nahlei Tal
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430:Rechelim
351:BBC News
340:Hill 573
328:Ramallah
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