183:, capital of the United States at the time. His dispatches were forwarded to de Gálvez by Diego JosĂ© Navarro GarcĂa de Valladares, newly appointed captain-general of Cuba. Miralles and his secretary arrived in Charleston, South Carolina in December 1777, to start their overland journey to Philadelphia, where they arrived in early 1778. Miralles met Washington at a Christmas party and presented a letter of introduction from Navarro. Privateer
160:
course of his duties. Miralles emigrated to Cuba still at a young age, and soon established himself as a merchant in Havana, then the center of
Spanish maritime commerce in the Americas, and also of the intercolonial smuggling of contraband. Being by this time fluent in English, Miralles was one of the more active traders out of Havana doing business with the Thirteen Colonies.
159:
by the
Spanish firm Aguirre, Aristegui and Company, which traded with the British and Spanish colonies in the Americas, and held the monopoly on the slave trade of Cuba. It is likely that Miralles crossed the Atlantic Ocean on company business during this time, and learned the English language in the
238:, thus opening a second front. In February 1780 Miralles notified Washington that the Spanish had taken Baton Rouge and Natchez. Washington assured Miralles that he would notify him of any British movements that might be "of interest to your court".
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Miralles fell ill with a fever while on a visit to
Washington's camp in Morristown, New Jersey, where he died on April 28, 1780. He was initially buried in the Presbyterian cemetery in Morristown. The French Minister Plenipotentiary,
155:. Consequently he learned both French and Spanish as a child. Although there is little information about Miralles's early life, it is known that he was in Spain at age 19, and was employed in
262:, in 1744. The de la Puente family was influential in Cuban political affairs. The couple had eight children, a son and seven daughters. Miralles was the uncle of merchant and politician
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Juan de
Miralles was born in Petrer, Alicante, Spain, on July 23, 1713. His parents were French émigreés; his father, Juan de Miralles (or Mirailles) y Tizner, was born in the city of
175:, the American Revolution provided a potential opportunity to regain lost territory, or at least a measure of revenge. Miralles was secretly ordered by Minister of the Indies
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Given the possible threat represented by the
British Royal Navy to the maritime commerce of the Spanish colonies, Spain took an officially neutral position in the
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and presided over the ceremonial laying of the cornerstone of the
President's House, later to be known as the White House, on October 13, 1792.
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Miralles. Also while in Philadelphia, Miralles became affiliated with the prominent shipping-banking firm of
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in
Philadelphia on 8 May 1780. After the war, the remains were moved, probably to Cuba, where his wife lived.
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to observe and report on the military activities of the United States and on the
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Brothers at Arms: American
Independence and the Men of France and Spain Who Saved It
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Catholicity in Philadelphia from the Earliest Missionaries Down to the Present Time
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119:. He supported the American cause financially, and served as a liaison between the
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Cracking the Freemason's Code: The Truth About Solomon's Key and the Brotherhood
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400:(in Spanish). Sociedad Columbista Panamericana. pp. 5–6. Archived from
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Odious Commerce: Britain, Spain and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade
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in his conflict with the British. In September 1779, the Governor of
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Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift
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Castro, Tony. "How Hispanics helped win the American Revolution",
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Juan de Miralles married MarĂa Josefa de la Puente, the sister of
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Spy Sites of Philadelphia: A Guide to the Region's Secret History
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Don Juan de Miralles y la Independencia de Los Estados Unidos
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Hispanic Presence in the United States: Historical Beginnings
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arranged for a requiem Mass to be celebrated for Miralles at
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launched a pre-emptive strike against the British and seized
639:. National Hispanic Quincentennial Commission. p. 112.
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The Americas: International Dictionary of Historic Places
394:"Juan de Miralles, un habenero amigo de Jorge Washington"
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During the Seven Years' War, France had ceded Spain its
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Los "otros extranjeros" en la RevoluciĂłn Norteamericana
167:. However, having lost Florida under the terms of the
111:) was a Spanish arms dealer who became friends with
147:. His mother, Gracia Trailhon, was a native of the
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573:"Juan de Miralles and the American Revolution"
304:Suter's Tavern: Federal Birthplace of the City
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139:, and served as a captain of infantry in the
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550:. Williams publishing Company. p. 118.
508:. Vol. 1. M.I.J. Griffin. p. 298.
206:territory west of the Mississippi under the
478:. Georgetown University Press. p. 47.
472:Melton, H. Keith; Wallace, Robert (2021).
83:Arms dealer and messenger to the American
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338:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
731:Spanish expatriates in the United States
502:Griffin, Martin Ignatius Joseph (1907).
306:. Historical Society of Washington, D.C.
280:Spain and the American Revolutionary War
210:. In 1779, the two countries signed the
547:Historical Sketches of Colonial Florida
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505:Catholics and the American Revolution
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451:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
107: – April 28, 1780 in
365:. Ediciones Universal. p. 26.
244:Anne-CĂ©sar, Chevalier de la Luzerne
218:agreed to assist his first cousin,
332:David Murray (12 September 2002).
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529:Kirlin, Joseph Louis J. (1909).
427:, Harvard University Press, 2013
398:Digital Library of the Caribbean
266:, who served a term as mayor of
571:McCadden, Helen Matzke (1973).
359:Herminio Portell-Vilá (1978).
208:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)
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151:on the French side of the
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117:American Revolutionary War
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633:Frank de Varona (1993).
123:and the Spanish Crown.
666:. Rider. p. 195.
660:Robert Cooper (2006).
169:Treaty of Paris (1763)
109:Morristown, New Jersey
73:Morristown, New Jersey
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216:Charles III of Spain
101:Province of Alicante
85:Continental Congress
425:A World Not to Come
260:Eligio de la Puente
220:Louis XVI of France
95:(July 23, 1713, in
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228:Bernardo de Gálvez
212:Treaty of Aranjuez
149:Kingdom of Navarre
141:Royal Spanish Army
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515:978-0-524-03153-7
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319:La Opinion
286:References
268:Georgetown
199:& Co.
65:1780-04-29
36:1713-07-23
613:147449006
597:0003-1615
232:Fort Bute
214:by which
204:Louisiana
127:Biography
121:colonists
392:(1947).
302:(1973).
274:See also
153:Pyrenees
618:25 July
408:15 July
234:on the
193:Willing
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157:Cádiz
137:BĂ©arn
105:Spain
51:Spain
668:ISBN
641:ISBN
620:2021
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