1282:"Korzh's report continued with a list of the achievements and inventories done by Prokopovich: (1) sleeved/framed rotary beehive; (2) movable frames; (3) cassettes for movable frames; (4) packages of honey combs for transportation; (5) reproduction of bee colonies by artificial swarms; (6) separate grill in a beehive; (7) wintering of bee hives in heated rooms; (8) technology to cure foulbrood; (9) school of beekeeping; (10) technology of honey crops. M L Gornich (Kyiv), in his report titled "Petro Prokopovich and World Beekeeping", indicated that papers of Prokopovich were translated into German and French in his time and were well known in Europe. He suggested that some experts consider that the movable frame bee hive of Johann Dzierzon was also constructed on the basis of Prokopovich's invention."
337:
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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Viktor-Fursov/publication/277138667_Fursov_VN_Out_of_the_past_Petro_Prokopovich_remembered_Review_of_the_Scientific_Conference_Petro_Prokopovich_place_in_the_world_of_beekeeping_January_26_2013_Kyiv_Ukraine_-_The_Beekeepers_Quarterly_Li/links/5562f9c708ae86c06b660514/Fursov-VN-Out-of-the-past-Petro-Prokopovich-remembered-Review-of-the-Scientific-Conference-Petro-Prokopovich-place-in-the-world-of-beekeeping-January-26-2013-Kyiv-Ukraine-The-Beekeepers-Quarterl.pdf?origin=publication_detail
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1957:
1277:
M L Gornich (Kyiv), "Petro
Prokopovich and World Beekeeping", as reported in Review of the Scientific Conference "Petro Prokopovich Place in the World of Beekeeping" January 26, 2013, Kyiv, Ukraine Viktor Fursov. I.I.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,
243:
and at the theological faculty that he became acquainted with German scientific and literary language, which he subsequently used in his scientific writings, rather than his native Polish-Silesian dialect. He used
Silesian-Polish in some press publications, in his private life, and in pastoral work,
687:
village) was also turned into a museum chamber, and since 1974 his estates have been used for breeding Krain bees. The museum at
Kluczbork houses 5 thousand volumes of works and publications regarding bee keeping, focusing on work by Dzierzon, and presents a permanent exhibition regarding his life
42:
560:
In every direction, one has a broad and pleasant view, and I am pretty happy here, despite the isolation, as I am always close to my beloved bees – which, if one's soul be receptive to the works of the
Almighty and the wonders of nature, can transform even a desert into a
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inches (38 mm) from the center of one top bar to the center of the next one. In 1848 Dzierzon introduced grooves into the hive's side walls, replacing the strips of wood for moving top bars. The grooves were
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With his discoveries and innovations, Dzierzon became world-famous in his lifetime. He received some hundred honorary memberships and awards from societies and organizations. In 1872 he received an
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and female worker bees were products of fertilization, drones were not, and that the diets of immature bees contributed to their subsequent roles. His results caused a revolution in bee
1940:
W. Chmielewski "World-Famous Polish
Beekeeper – Dr. Jan Dzierżon (1811–1906) and his work in the centenary year of his death" in Journal of Apicultural Research, Volume 45(3), 2006
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to use as genetic markers in his research, and sent their progeny "to all the countries of Europe, and even to
America." In 1854 he discovered the mechanism of secretion of
455:'s pioneering genetic research. The theory remained controversial until 1906, the year of Dzierzon's death, when it was finally accepted by scientists at a conference in
302:), where his parents owned a farm. He completed Polish elementary school before he was sent to a Protestant school located a mile from his village. In 1822 he moved to
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nationality. Dzierzon himself wrote: "As for my nationality, I am, as my name indicates, a Pole by birth, as Polish is spoken in Upper
Silesia. But as I came to
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His discoveries and innovations made him world-famous in scientific and bee-keeping circles, and he has been described as the "father of modern apiculture".
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but also in several other scientific periodicals, and 26 books. They appeared between 1844 and 1904, in German and Polish. The most important include:
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caused him to be retired from the priesthood in 1869. This disagreement, along with his public engagement in local politics, led to his 1873
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on 1 December 1939 in an effort to conceal his Polish roots. The Nazis made strenuous efforts to enforce a view of Dzierżoń as a German.
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on 1 December 1939 in an effort to conceal his Polish roots. The Nazis made strenuous efforts to enforce a view of Dzierżoń as a German.
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602:. Most modern beehives derive from his design. Due to language barriers, Dzierzon was unaware of the achievements of his contemporary,
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Lebensbeschreibung von ihm selbst, vom 4. August 1885 (abgedruckt im
Heimatkalender des Kreises Kreuzburg/OS 1931, S. 32–28)
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as a 10-year-old and pursued my studies there, I became German by education. But science knows no borders or nationality."
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2007:
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Dzierzon's manuscripts, letters, diplomas and original copies of his works were given to a Polish museum by his nephew,
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413:." Such designs quickly gained popularity in Europe and North America. On the basis of the aforementioned measurements,
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Dzierzon's manuscripts, letters, diplomas and original copies of his works were given to a Polish museum by his nephew,
366:'s widely-publicized developments. In 1838 he devised a movable-comb beehive, which allowed manipulation of individual
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1961:
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1987:
1974:
1253:"Pasieka (Apiary) 1/2007. Historia znana i nieznana. Materiały do dziejów pszczelnictwa w Polsce – Ślązak Cz. II"
938:, Translated by H. Dieck and S. Stutterd, ed. and revised by C. N. Abbott, Published by Houlston & sons, 1882
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414:
606:, the American "father of modern beekeeping", though Langstroth had access to translations of Dzierzon's works.
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1434:"World-Famous Polish Beekeeper – Dr. Jan Dzierzon (1811–1906) and his work in the centenary year of his death"
313:
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Frauendörfer Blätter, herausgegeben von der prakt. Gartenbau-Gesellschaft in Bayern, redigirt von Eugen Fürst
1993:
Church
Records of Lowkowitz, Silesia from 1765–1948, where Johann Dzierzon was born in 1811 and died in 1906
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priest, before being compulsorily retired by the Church and eventually excommunicated over the question of
1968:
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915:("New improved bee-breeding, of priest Dzierzon at Carlsmarkt in Silesia"), Ernst'sche Buchhandlung, 1861
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197:. Trained in theology, he combined his theoretical and practical work in apiculture with his duties as a
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without destroying the structure of the hive. The correct distance between combs had been described as
1439:. Journal of Apicultural Research, Volume 45, Number 3, 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19
2017:
2012:
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dialect of the Polish language, he has been variously described as having been of Polish, German, or
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898:("Frauendorf News" of the Bavarian Gardeners Society) were collected by Rentmeister Bruckisch from
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to most places in former German territories which had become part of Poland, the
Silesian town of
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Niemcy "przechrzcili" miejscowość znaną pod polską nazwą w całym świecie (Łowkowice = Bienendorf)
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1139:(The Ages Speak: Magazine of History, the Polish Historical Society), vol. 23 (1980), p. 26.
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Cincinnati Historical Society; Cincinnati Museum Center; Filson Historical Society (2005).
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Dzierzon's rational bee-keeping; or The theory and practice of dr. Dzierzon of Carlsmarkt
1046:"Historia znana i nieznana. Materiały do dziejów pszczelnictwa w Polsce - Ślązak Cz. II"
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2001:
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online English translation of Jan Dzierzon's book (London: Houlston & sons, 1882)
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Nowe udoskonalone pszczelnictwo księdza plebana Dzierżona w Katowicach na Śląsku
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Neue verbesserte Bienen-Zucht des Pfarrers Dzierzon zu Carlsmarkt in Schlesien
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864:(Appendix to "Theory and Practice"), C. H. Beck'sche Buchhandlung, Nördlingen,
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He died in Lowkowitz on 26 October 1906 and is buried in the local graveyard.
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624:("Bee Village") in recognition of his work with apiculture. At the time, the
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In 1966 a Polish-language plate was added to his German-language tombstone.
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432:(October 1852) in the United States designed their own movable-frame hives.
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Polish. Dr. Jan Dzierzon considered himself a member of the Polish nation.
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presenting pieces from collections from National Ethnographic Museum in
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A. Gładysz "Jan Dzierżon, pszczelarz o światowej sławie" Katowice 1957
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A. Gładysz "Jan Dzierżoń, pszczelarz o światowej sławie" Katowice 1957
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Ohio Valley history. The journal of the Cincinnati Historical Society
632:-derived place names such as Lowkowitz. After the region came under
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1937:
H. Borek i S. Mazak "Polskie pamiątki rodu Dzierżoniów" Opole 1983
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H. Borek i S. Mazak "Polskie pamiątki rodu Dzierżoniów" Opole 1983
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1931:
W. Kocowicz i A. Kuźba "Tracing Jan Dzierżon Passion" Poznań 1987
651:, many objects connected with Dzierzon were destroyed by German
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259:, many objects connected with Dzierzon were destroyed by German
1946:"ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture" 1990, article Dzierzon p. 147
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In 1962 a Jan Dzierżon Museum of Apiculture was established at
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Dzierzon's works include over 800 articles, most published in
183:
134:
1077:, vol. 31, Opolskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, 1985, p. 86.
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Chodowanie pszczół – Sztuka zrobienica złota, nawet z zielska
548:. In 1884 he moved back to Lowkowitz, settling in the hamlet
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Faculty of Catholic Theology. In 1834 he became chaplain in
1155:. Instytut Śląski w Opolu. 1960. p. 138. Archived from
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ardent patriot and defender of the Polish people in Silesia,
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Roman Catholic priest, he took over a parish in Karlsmarkt (
909:("New improved bee-breeding, of John Dzierzon"), Brieg 1855
443:. Dzierzon's paper, published in 1845, proposed that while
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inch (6.4 and 9.5 mm), which is the range called the "
1928:
L. Brożek "Jan Dzierżon. Studium monograficzne" Opole 1978
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L. Brożek "Jan Dzierżon. Studium monograficzne" Opole 1978
862:
Nachtrag zur Theorie und Praxis des neuen Bienenfreundes
286:, Johann Dzierzon and Andre Schmidt probably around 1871
1656:, online at digitalsilesia.eu (zip-File of djvu-Images)
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This tablet placed on the 60th anniversary of his death
290:
Dzierzon was born on 16 January 1811 in the village of
205:. In 1905, he was reconciled with the Catholic Church.
1528:. Vol. 5–6. Cincinnati Museum Center. p. 96.
683:. Dzierzon's house in Granice Łowkowskie (now part of
773:żarliwy patriota i obrońca polskiego ludu na Śląsku,
1000:"Kluczbork: dzieje miasta (Kluczbork, City History)"
921:, 1885 (Dziergon's own biography, reprinted in 1931)
616:In 1936 the Germans renamed Dzierzon's birthplace,
594:Johann Dzierzon is considered the father of modern
565:From 1873 to 1902 Dzierzon was in contact with the
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115:
107:
85:
51:
32:
1118:Zbiory rękopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach w Polsce
850:. ("Theory and Practice of the Modern Bee-friend")
535:Schlesische Gesellschaft für vaterländische Kultur
1541:The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting
1501:The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting
1353:The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting
1319:Alfred Henry Sturtevant; Edward B. Lewis (2001).
907:Neue verbesserte Bienen-Zucht des Johann Dzierzon
1863:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1846:. Archived from the original on December 8, 2004
1456:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1255:(in Polish). pasieka.pszczoly.pl. Archived from
569:, but in April 1905 he was reconciled with the
533:. In 1904 he became an honorary member of the
1292:Everett Mendelsohn; Garland E. Allen (2002).
927:("Semi-detached beehive"), E. Thielmann, 1890
894:Articles published by Dzierzon since 1844 in
537:("Silesian Society for Fatherland Culture").
8:
1153:"Komunikaty: Seria monograficzna, tomy 2-11"
779:Płytę ta ufundowało w 60 ta rocznice śmierci
529:. In 1903 Dzierzon was presented to Emperor
306:(Wrocław), where he attended middle school (
224:background which did not speak German but a
139:designed the first successful movable-frame
1494:
1492:
1028:Instytut Historii Nauki, Oświaty i Techniki
848:Theorie und Praxis des neuen Bienenfreundes
660:the Polish government assigned Polish names
480:National Museum of Agriculture in Szreniawa
340:Stack of Dzierzon hives. Illustration from
171:(16 January 1811 – 26 October 1906), was a
2058:19th-century Polish Roman Catholic priests
1543:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 421–422.
1190:
1188:
1186:
521:. He also received an honorary diploma at
40:
29:
1228:, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1982.
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1608:"Muzeum im. Jana Dzierżona w Kluczborku"
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954:List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
704:
473:
2073:Recipients of the Order of Franz Joseph
969:
1856:
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1052:(in Polish and German). Archived from
354:, Dzierzon studied the social life of
1943:S. Orgelbrand "Encyklopedia ..." 1861
1586:Britanica Encyclopaedia, 15th edition
1503:. Taylor & Francis. p. 421.
1295:Science, history, and social activism
1116:Danuta Kamolowa, Krystyna Muszyńska,
829:Tygodnik Polski Poświęcony Włościanom
800:by the people of the Kluczbork Lands,
519:German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
493:. Other honors included the Austrian
358:and constructed several experimental
7:
1975:Jan Dzierżon at History of Kluczbork
2078:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna
2028:People from the Province of Silesia
1251:Dados, Danuta; Tomaszewski, Roman.
1044:Dados, Danuta; Tomaszewski, Roman.
902:and re-published under the titles:
467:and its role in the development of
666:(traditionally known in Polish as
459:. In 1853 he acquired a colony of
25:
875:Magazines published by Dzierzon:
781:Społeczeństwo Ziemi Kluczborskiej
771:twórca nowoczesnego pszczelarstwa
435:In 1835 Dzierzon discovered that
312:). In 1833 he graduated from the
178:who discovered the phenomenon of
1988:Jan Dzierżon Museum in Kluczbork
1980:Jan Dzierżon Museum in Kluczbork
1955:
1137:Mówią wieki: magazyn historyczny
328:), where he lived for 49 years.
163:
155:
2083:Recipients of the Order of Vasa
883:("The Bee-friend from Silesia")
737:Wahrheit, Wahrheit über alles!
640:, the village would be renamed
439:are produced from unfertilized
2063:19th-century Polish zoologists
2043:19th-century German zoologists
1610:. Kluczbork.pl. Archived from
1474:. kluczbork.pl. Archived from
881:Der Bienenfreund aus Schlesien
788:Here lies the great scientist,
1:
1032:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
790:founder of modern beekeeping,
628:government was changing many
556:). Of his new home, he wrote:
320:(Siołkowice). In 1835, as an
129:discovered the phenomenon of
2048:University of Breslau alumni
1569:Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny
1384:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
389:– the exact average between
362:– possibly using ideas from
255:. Following the 1939 German
719:der hochverehrte Altmeister
664:Reichenbach im Eulengebirge
415:August Adolph von Berlepsch
27:Polish apiarist (1811–1906)
2099:
2068:Catholic clergy scientists
1571:, no. 280, 8 October 1936.
1025:Polish Academy of Sciences
647:Following the 1939 German
540:Dzierzon's questioning of
527:Archduke Johann of Austria
499:Merit Order of St. Michael
1021:Słownik biologów polskich
769:Tu spoczywa wielki uczony
658:After World War II, when
531:Franz Joseph I of Austria
39:
1652:Scan of Article, signed
869:Najnowsze pszczelnictwo.
795:Father Dr. Jan Dzierżoń.
762:Truth, truth above all!
451:and may have influenced
220:. Born into a family of
1392:. Leipzig. 1885–89: 268
1195:Kudyba, Teresa (2008).
1122:Polish National Library
1120:, Biblioteka Narodowa (
998:Cimała, Bogdan (1992).
890:("Rational apiculture")
1413:Cite journal requires
1226:Patroni ulic Wrocławia
1201:(The Truth above All)"
931:English translations:
888:Rationelle Bienenzucht
744:the revered old master
591:
563:
482:
478:Bust of Jan Dzierżoń,
347:
287:
276:
119:Roman Catholic priest;
2023:People from Kluczbork
1964:at Wikimedia Commons
1322:A history of genetics
1199:Prawda ponad wszystko
1019:Stanisław Feliksiak,
587:
571:Roman Catholic Church
558:
495:Order of Franz Joseph
477:
339:
282:
274:
212:Nationality/ethnicity
189:Dzierzon came from a
2053:Polish entomologists
2038:German entomologists
1969:Rational Bee-keeping
1358:Taylor & Francis
711:English translation
676:in the man's honor.
491:University of Munich
46:Jan Dzierżon in 1905
2008:Beekeeping pioneers
1539:Crane, Eva (1999).
1499:Crane, Eva (1999).
1224:Zygmunt Antkowiak,
776:Ks. Dr Jan Dzierżoń
751:Dr. Johann Dzierzon
733:† 26. Oktober 1906
726:Dr. Johann Dzierzon
611:Franciszek Dzierżoń
567:Old Catholic Church
542:papal infallibility
298:), near Kreuzburg (
253:Franciszek Dzierżoń
216:Dzierzon came from
203:papal infallibility
1897:, p. RA1-PA45, at
1350:Eva Crane (1999).
1075:Kwartalnik opolski
925:Der Zwillingsstock
900:Grottkau (Grodków)
822:15 November 1845:
758:† 26 October 1906
649:invasion of Poland
592:
554:Granice Łowkowskie
515:Order of the Crown
487:honorary doctorate
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348:
343:Nordisk familjebok
314:Breslau University
288:
277:
257:invasion of Poland
74:Kingdom of Prussia
2033:German beekeepers
1960:Media related to
1432:Wit Chmielewski.
1367:978-0-415-92467-2
1336:978-0-87969-607-8
1305:978-1-4020-0495-7
807:
806:
756:* 16 January 1811
742:Here rests in God
731:* 16. Januar 1811
717:Hier ruht in Gott
507:Order of St. Anna
364:Petro Prokopovych
332:Scientific career
275:Home in Lowkowitz
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1259:on 5 March 2012
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1034:, 1987, p. 149.
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720:
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694:Silesian Piasts
604:L.L. Langstroth
590:
582:
546:excommunication
525:, presented by
513:, the Prussian
497:, the Bavarian
430:L.L. Langstroth
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66:16 January 1811
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1509:
1488:
1472:"kluczbork.pl"
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1386:, 4th edition"
1373:
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857:– 2006 reprint
851:
844:
811:
810:Selected works
808:
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804:
794:
785:
775:
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764:
760:Rest in peace!
750:
739:
725:
713:
712:
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634:Polish control
588:
581:
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509:, the Swedish
505:, the Russian
501:, the Hessian
424:(May 1852) in
333:
330:
284:Franz Hruschka
268:
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199:Roman Catholic
144:
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126:Known for
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1633:"willisch.eu"
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1614:on 2014-06-03
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1588:. p. 312
1587:
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1582:"Dzierżoniów"
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1478:on 2014-06-03
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949:List of Poles
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816:Bienenzeitung
809:
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786:
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767:
766:
763:
746:of beekeeping
740:
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550:An der Grenze
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511:Order of Vasa
508:
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453:Gregor Mendel
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449:crossbreeding
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218:Upper Silesia
211:
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169:John Dzierzon
165:
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116:Occupation(s)
114:
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54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1954:
1915:Google Books
1909:
1905:
1899:Google Books
1893:
1889:
1883:Google Books
1877:
1873:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:"Biographie"
1838:
1832:Google Books
1826:
1822:
1816:Google Books
1810:
1806:
1800:Google Books
1794:
1790:
1784:Google Books
1778:
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1762:
1758:
1752:Google Books
1746:
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1736:Google Books
1730:
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1720:Google Books
1714:
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1704:Google Books
1698:
1694:
1688:Google Books
1682:
1678:
1672:Google Books
1666:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1636:. Retrieved
1627:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:the original
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1585:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1500:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1466:
1441:. Retrieved
1427:
1406:cite journal
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1383:
1376:
1352:
1345:
1321:
1314:
1298:. Springer.
1294:
1287:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1225:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1198:
1157:the original
1136:
1117:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
1039:
1027:
1020:
1003:
993:
982:. Retrieved
972:
935:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
895:
893:
887:
880:
874:
868:
861:
854:
847:
839:, Issue 20,
827:
823:
815:
813:
802:26 Oct 1966
787:
768:
741:
716:
708:Inscriptions
701:
678:
671:
667:
663:
657:
646:
641:
638:World War II
621:
615:
608:
593:
575:
564:
559:
553:
549:
539:
534:
503:Ludwigsorden
484:
461:Italian bees
434:
349:
341:
307:
295:
289:
250:
240:
238:
215:
207:
188:
168:
160:
153:Jan Dzierżon
152:
148:
147:
91:(1906-10-26)
76:(Łowkowice,
56:Jan Dzierżon
18:Jan Dzierżon
2018:1906 deaths
2013:1811 births
1983:(in Polish)
1592:January 23,
1396:February 6,
1206:(in German)
886:1861–1878:
879:1854–1856:
846:1848–1852:
832: [
754:knight etc.
735:Ruhe sanft!
729:Ritter p.p.
673:Dzierżoniów
465:royal jelly
418: [
318:Schalkowitz
108:Nationality
2002:Categories
1850:2009-05-28
1638:2013-10-09
1618:2013-10-09
1550:0415924677
1482:2013-10-09
1443:2017-08-01
1327:CSHL Press
984:2013-10-09
965:References
783:26 X 1966
636:following
622:Bienendorf
600:apiculture
469:queen bees
445:queen bees
368:honeycombs
244:alongside
239:It was at
193:family in
62:1811-01-16
1278:Ukraine.
681:Kluczbork
653:gendarmes
642:Łowkowice
618:Lowkowitz
561:paradise.
489:from the
426:Thuringia
411:bee space
356:honeybees
326:Karłowice
309:gymnasium
300:Kluczbork
296:Łowkowice
294:(Polish:
292:Lowkowitz
261:gendarmes
241:gymnasium
121:beekeeper
97:Lowkowitz
70:Lowkowitz
1859:cite web
1654:Dzierzoń
1452:cite web
1263:27 March
1210:27 March
1124:, p. 68.
1060:27 March
943:See also
843:(Pless).
841:Pszczyna
685:Maciejów
668:Rychbach
596:apiology
589:Dzierzon
387:8 × 8 mm
360:beehives
322:ordained
246:literary
230:Silesian
226:Silesian
176:apiarist
161:Dzierżoń
1050:Pasieka
748:Pastor
723:Pfarrer
690:Wrocław
457:Marburg
404:⁄
394:⁄
379:⁄
350:In his
304:Breslau
234:Breslau
195:Silesia
167:, also
141:beehive
101:Germany
1547:
1507:
1364:
1333:
1302:
867:1853:
860:1852:
826:, in:
630:Slavic
580:Legacy
437:drones
352:apiary
191:Polish
173:Polish
111:Polish
78:Poland
1437:(PDF)
1204:(PDF)
960:Notes
836:]
698:Brzeg
422:]
151:, or
1865:link
1594:2007
1545:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1458:link
1419:help
1398:2007
1362:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1265:2010
1212:2010
1062:2010
871:Lwów
626:Nazi
598:and
523:Graz
441:eggs
428:and
399:and
267:Life
184:bees
135:bees
86:Died
52:Born
1913:at
1881:at
1830:at
1798:at
1782:at
1750:at
1718:at
1686:at
1670:at
1567:",
1030:,
696:in
552:, (
182:in
159:or
133:in
2004::
1861:}}
1857:{{
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1450:{{
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1233:^
1165:^
1144:^
1129:^
1109:^
1048:.
1023:,
1012:^
1002:.
834:pl
644:.
620:,
613:.
573:.
471:.
420:de
186:.
99:,
72:,
1867:)
1853:.
1641:.
1621:.
1596:.
1563:"
1553:.
1513:.
1485:.
1460:)
1446:.
1421:)
1417:(
1400:.
1390:5
1382:"
1370:.
1339:.
1308:.
1267:.
1214:.
1197:"
1064:.
1006:.
987:.
406:8
402:3
396:4
392:1
381:2
377:1
374:+
372:1
346:.
137:;
80:)
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.