620:’s share in the international market for these flowers is still negligible. However, Karnataka is in the limelight for floriculture right from the 18th century and is now the leader in floriculture, accounting for 75% of India's total flower production. The state has the highest area under modern cut flowers, and 40 flower growing and exporting units. The country's first and only flower auction centre is located in Karnataka. As per statistics for the year 2003–04, out of a total area of 18,182 ha (44,930 acres) under commercial flower crops, jasmine (the three varieties) accounts for 3,451 ha (about 19%) and the average yield of flowers is reported to be 6 tons/ha with a total production of 20,244 tons.
631:' flower district (attracts flower growers with their flowers, from all parts of the globe). Karnataka government is reported to be deputing a team of growers of Udupi Mallige, Hadagali Mallige and Mysore Mallige flower to the Netherlands to attend the international floricultural meet. The department's strategy is to create a platform at the fair where women (three from each region) would string the flowers, thereby attracting the attention of the foreign visitors'. The act of deftly stringing jasmines flowers is an art which has been mastered by women growers.
699:“Flowers are placed on racks in a hermetically sealed container. A liquid solvent, usually hexane, is circulated over the flowers to dissolve the essential oils. This produces a solid waxy paste called a “concrete”. The concrete is then repeatedly treated with pure alcohol (ethanol) which dissolves the wax and yields the highly aromatic liquid known as an absolute. This method is also used for extracting resins and balsams and for rendering the animal essences, such as civet, musk, ambergris and castoreum”. (source: Mandy Aftel, Essence and Alchemy".
139:
661:
important distinction that GI protection is a community right i.e. it is given to all manufacturers/producers of a product in a certain designated area if their products meet the certifications standards laid down by a collective society. To get a GI protection reputation has to be proved before registration. GI is defined both in the TRIPS & in the Indian ‘The
Geographical Indication of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999'.
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constituent of perfumery importance present in buds. It is highly volatile. Fully opened, freshly collected flowers during early morning hours are used for extraction. On an average, the essential oil recovery ranges from 0.24 to 0.42% and the concrete yield is about 22 kg (49 lb) per hectare. Further on processing the concrete yields absolute to the extent of about 50% of the concrete production.
616:
include bedding plants, flowering plants, foliage plants or houseplants, cut cultivated greens, and cut flowers. As distinguished from nursery crops, floriculture crops are generally herbaceous. Bedding and garden plants consist of young flowering plants (annuals and perennials) and vegetable plants. Flowers are mainly for export and this business is growing in the world at around 6-10 per cent per annum.
50:
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502:
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Jasmine of the family
Oleaceae constitutes a group of plants, which are commercially grown for their fragrant flowers and essential oil production. Jasmine oil is said to blend with every floral scent and hence extensively used as an important perfumery item throughout the world. Indole is one of the
485:
The sandy red soil prevailing in this region is ideal for cultivation of
Hadgali Mallige. The dry weather and good water supply also adds to the congenial environment for the cultivation of this crop. It is propagated mainly through cuttings. Planted directly in the months of July–August on the onset
405:
The plant is a scandent, 2 to 3 m (6.6 to 9.8 ft) in height, branchless terete, or slightly compressed sometimes hollow, sparsely pubescent, leaves alternate, trifoliately compound; 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) long, petiole is about 1 cm (0.39 in) long and it has small channel
414:
The sandy loam soil with comparatively high pH prevailing in the region (Mysore and surrounding areas) makes a congenial ground for growing this crop. The dry and warm weather with low humidity is good for the crop. Flowering starts during March–April and continues up to June–July, April –May being
655:
or a GI is the protection given to a reputable product, either man-made or natural, if the applicant can conclusively prove that the unique character, reputation of the product is attributable to a specific quality attributable to only the geographical region where the product is produced and which
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The flowers are used for garlands, especially at weddings and other auspicious occasions and for making garlands for worship of temples deities. Jasmine is widely cultivated for their flowers, enjoyed in the garden, as house plants, and as cut flowers. The flowers are worn by women in their hair in
551:
Plant is a small and bushy with leaves of light green with yellowish shade, 5-7x2.5-3.5 cm, nerves slightly raised beneath, acute at both ends, entire, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in cymose inflorescence and borne in the axils and also terminal. Calyx 6, petals 6–8, bracteate. Fruits are small,
664:
The state of
Karnataka, claimed the GI protection based on the special qualities of the Mallige flowers (jasmines) particular to the region – the "Mysore Mallige", the "Udupi Mallige" and "Hadagali Mallige"- as they fully met the criteria laid down under the Act. The criteria considered were the
694:
provides exclusive rights to the local community to cultivate the crop for 10 years. With this GI tag or patent nobody outside this specific geographical region will be allowed to sell under the same name. Besides the community ownership of the crop, the
Horticulture Department offers technical
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would swear both these types of liquors are highly unique in their taste; the uniqueness being attributable to the soil, climate, cultivating practices of their respective geographical regions. The logic of protecting them as a GI is quite similar (but not same) to that of a trademark with the
615:
or flower farming, which is a discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry, comprising the floral industry. The development plant breeding of new varieties is a major occupation of floriculturists. Floriculture crops
536:
Mallige
Android Application is available on google play store developed by Tackyant team which shows daily prices decided by Jasmine Flower Cultivators association in Shankarapura, Udupi and this application also shows information on its cultivation, its fortification, various uses, diseases,
453:
Mallige is known for its rich fragrance and shelf life. Locally known as "Vasane
Mallige", (fragrant Jasmine), it is grown mainly in Hoovina Hadagali(Hadagali Flowers) (Especially in the regions of Thippapura, Thimlapur, Honnur Village, Now Formers Going Towards Other economy jowar, paddy,
689:
An expert committee headed by the
Controller-General of Patents, Design and Trade Marks attached to the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry,India, who also act as the Registrar of GI approved the GI patent to the three flowers, varieties of jasmine, in September 2007. An entry to the
410:
glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lobes 8-9 linear, 5–7 mm. Corolla tube is slightly pinkish, 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long petals pure white, lobes oblong to sub orbicular, 5–9 mm broad,. Berry is purple black, globose, about 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter.
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running in the middle, leaf blade ovate to ellipse, 4-8x2-3.5 cm thick, dark green in colour and nerves slightly raised beneath. Cymes, terminal, 1 to 5 flowered bracts subulate, 4–8 mm. Flowers are very fragrant. Pedicel 0.3–2 cm (0.12–0.79 in).
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The laterite soil condition of the region, high humidity and heavy rainfall (more than 2,500–3,000 mm or 98–118 in per annum) makes area suitable for growing this crop. Propagation is mainly by cuttings. Planting is done in the month August–September.
481:
Plant is small shrub with little scandent nature. Leaves are simple, thick, margin folded upside, slightly pubescent. Flowers are borne in axillary chymes. Flower with long corolla tube around 1 cm (0.39 in) long. Petals 7, spreading, white in colour.
211:
Jasmine is considered the queen of flowers and is called the "Belle of India" or the "Queen of fragrance" as it is exquisitely scented to soothe and refresh. In different parts of India it is called by different
678:
The dry sandy soil prevailing in the region around
Hadagali taluk is responsible for the particular aroma of this flower, while the dry climate (low/sparse rainfall) adds to the favourable environment for the
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southern and southeast Asia.They are exported and thus highly remunerative to the farmers. Its medician uses are as anti depressant, anti septic, anti
Spasmodic, Aphrodisiac, Sedativeand Uterine.Jasmine.
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Mysore Mallige, mostly grown in and around Mysore city is a viable crop for small farmers. Farmers reap two crops of this seasonal flower. Apart from the local market, the flower is in demand in parts of
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assistance, brand development and market assistance to the growers of the crop registered under GI. With the GI tag the bond between Mysore city and the Mallige (jasmine) flower has now grown stronger.
643:, quoted below. The solvent extracts are supplied from the Jasmine extraction units located in South India where several thousand acres of Jasmine farms exist in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
513:
The cultivation of Bhatkal Mallige is of relatively recent origin. Cultivation of this variety of jasmine started in Bhatkal and then Shankarapura in Udupi district about 100 years ago.
224:, Malli puvvu, Jaati, Mulla, Mallige, Juhi, Mogra or Moonlight in the grove. It is reported that there are 300 varieties of jasmine. It is also stated that jasmine crossed the seas—from
806:
426:
The principal aromatic components are Indol, Jasmone, Benzyl Acetate, Benzyl Benzoate, Methyl Anthranilate, Linalool & Geraniol. Its modern-day applications are in perfumery,
385:
festival held every year in the city during October. Mallige grows in profusion in the open areas either in exclusive farmland, in front or at the backyard of houses.
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Information brochure on the three varieties of mallige (jasmine) distributed by Karnataka State Horticulture department for the benefit of farmers
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The flower is in high demand in places such as Mumbai, besides the coastal region. It has an export potential as it is in demand in West Asia.
339:). Famed worldwide for their fragrance, all the three flower varieties have been patented and registered under Intellectual Property Right.
537:
prevention, remedies, plantation, fertilizer application, pest management, nutrition management, and harvesting and some interesting facts.
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Flowers are highly scented and possess good essential oil recovery (0.24 to 0.42%). The flowers are used for extraction of essential oil.
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in Karnataka state. The Jasmine's association with the city of Mysore, the royal city of palaces, patronized by the
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672:– The unique factor is that the volatile oil (essential oil) content is comparatively lower in this variety.
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South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève
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718:' has been extolled over the past century by poets, novelists and theatre artist of Karnataka. The Late
600:. A single ounce, still known as the 'costliest perfume in the world", contains 10,600 jasmine flowers.
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in the latter part of the 17th century. (By the 18th century, jasmine scented gloves became popular in
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730:(1942) is considered one of the best literary works in the Kannada language and has seen 27 reprints.
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Absolute is the solvent extracted product of Jasmine. It is rendered through the process explained by
541:
470:
596:, created by the legendary Coco Chanel and the famous "Joy" perfume, created by the French designer
603:
In scent industry the two main varieties used are the Jasminum grandiflorum and Jasminum sambac. .
16:"Mysore mallige" redirects here. For the book by K. S. Narasimhaswamy named after the flower, see
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Espically during the period of the King Sri Krishnadevaraya the jasmine flowers were sent to
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This is the most well-known variety, which derives its name since it is grown mostly around
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and also a musical play by Kalagangothri "Mysooru Mallige". He has adopted popular singers
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It is one of the key scents in some of the most celebrated perfumes in the world viz., the
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may not be replicated to the same standard in any other region. As the French and the
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http://perfumeshrine.blogspot.com/2007/05/jasmine-series-part-1-genus-varieties.html
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http://perfumeshrine.blogspot.com/2007/05/jasmine-series-part-1-genus-varieties.html
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who have popularised poems of Narasimhaswamy both in the movies and the theatre.
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The essential oil content in the flowers ranges from 0.24 to 0.42 per cent.
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532:"Mallige" An Android Application for Udupi Mallige Cultivators and Buyers
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726:(poet), immortalized the name "Mysore Mallige". His poetry collection
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https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tackyant.mallige
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438:. It is also used externally to soothe dry and sensitive skin.
1021:
http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/09/stories/2006110918020200.htm
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for the worship of lord Virupaksheshwara (the main deity of
486:
of monsoon. The flowering season spreads up to six months.
1004:
Jasmine Series: part 2 ~the role of jasmine in perfumery,
980:"Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!"
1033:
http://spicyipindia.blogspot.com/2007_10_01_archive.html
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Jasmine Series: part 1~ genus, varieties and production
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This collection of poems has inspired the movie made by
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1207:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
381:, because its fragrance is as powerful as the famous
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807:"Mysore, Udupi, Hadagali Mallige flowers patented"
789:"Mysore, Udupi, Hadagali Mallige flowers patented"
1047:Essence and Alchemy: A Natural History of Perfume
1019:`Mysore mallige' may soon be adorned with GI tag
1015:
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623:The floriculture fair is organized every year at
296:is the most popular among the three varieties of
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842:http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/Home%20page.htm
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8:
886:Jasmine to dazzle Europe with her fragrance
568:A street vendor sells jasmine garlands in
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121:
48:
32:
473:) from the jasmine farmers of Hadagali.
1097:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
771:
465:(A UNESCO World Heritage site) through
714:The Jasmine flower with the name tag '
1263:Geographical indications in Karnataka
1205:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
454:sugarcane) and surrounding areas in
307:; the other two varieties being the
900:. 27 February 2009. Archived from
540:Link to download the application:
14:
1175:and Tela Botanica. Archived from
692:Geographical Indications Registry
24:. For the pornographic film, see
1078:
1065:
607:Export promotion and development
1122:Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
1112:"Flora Europaea Search Results"
422:Principal Aromatic constituents
982:. 14 July 2011. Archived from
1:
1083:The dictionary definition of
1031:The Biological Diversity Act
552:0.4-0.5 mm in diameter.
935:Research Report: IX/ADRT/105
647:Geographical Indication (GI)
20:. For the Kannada film, see
516:It is found extensively in
1279:
1224:The World in So Many Words
1220:Metcalf, Allan A. (1999).
741:, Mysore Ananthaswamy and
707:
232:, landing first along the
15:
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136:
129:
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1199:Jasminum
940:21 February 2007 at the
1169:African Plants Database
653:Geographical Indication
260:and finally landing in
131:Geographical indication
42:Geographical indication
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576:
510:
155:Alternative names
66:Alternative names
26:Mysore Mallige Scandal
1049:, Gibbs Smith, 2001,
760:Mysore Mallige (film)
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567:
547:Botanical description
504:
477:Botanical description
456:Vijayanagara district
401:Botanical description
204:http://ipindia.nic.in
146:Jasminum grandiflorum
115:http://ipindia.nic.in
78:Jasminum grandiflorum
57:Jasminum trifoloiatum
22:Mysore Mallige (film)
1228:. Houghton Mifflin.
471:Vijayanagara Kingdom
434:, Aroma Therapy and
286:Jasminum trifoliatum
960:on 11 November 2016
954:"India Flower news"
904:on 27 February 2009
867:on 27 February 2009
847:27 May 2010 at the
611:Jasmine is part of
271:Several species of
1258:Flora of Karnataka
1179:on 6 December 2012
1165:L. record n° 1950"
720:K S Narasimhaswamy
577:
511:
442:Hadagali Mallige (
1145:Flora of Pakistan
505:Bhatkal Mallige (
467:Tungabhadra River
444:Jasminum azoricum
379:Kingdom of Mysore
313:Jasminum azoricum
279:. Mysore Mallige
234:Mediterranean Sea
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813:. Archived from
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793:www.oneindia.com
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735:T.S. Nagabharana
722:, well known as
635:Jasmine absolute
522:Dakshina Kannada
415:the peak season
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343:Mysore Mallige (
309:Hadagali Mallige
292:) of the family
200:Official website
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111:Official website
54:Mysore Mallige (
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728:Mysooru Mallige
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658:Scottish people
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507:Jasminum sambac
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493:Udupi Mallige (
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371:Mandya district
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345:Jasminum sambac
328:Jasminum sambac
167:Jasminum sambac
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143:Udupi Mallige (
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18:Mysooru Mallige
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358:ಮೈಸೂರು ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ
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158:Udupi Mallige
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125:Udupi jasmine
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724:Mallige Kavi
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676:Attribution:
675:
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613:floriculture
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594:Chanel No. 5
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1043:Mandy Aftel
964:10 November
683:Reputation:
665:following.
641:Mandy Aftel
629:Netherlands
627:, which is
363:Mysore city
244:, reaching
1247:Categories
1193:USDA, NRCS
990:4 November
908:4 November
766:References
743:C. Ashwath
598:Jean Patou
395:Tamil Nadu
192:Registered
103:Registered
898:"Jasmine"
871:14 August
861:"Jasmine"
428:cosmetics
369:taluk in
305:Karnataka
277:Karnataka
1253:Jasminum
1195:(n.d.).
1163:Jasminum
1139:Jasminum
1086:Jasminum
1072:Jasminum
938:Archived
845:Archived
840:Jasmine
749:See also
625:Aalsmeer
451:Hadagali
436:Ayurveda
294:Oleaceae
248:through
179:district
90:district
821:21 July
755:Jasmine
570:Chennai
432:Incense
377:of the
375:Wodeyar
353:Kannada
323:Mallige
301:endemic
298:Jasmine
273:jasmine
266:Britain
262:England
252:, then
222:Chameli
184:Country
95:Country
1232:
1211:3 June
1183:3 June
1151:3 June
1127:3 June
1102:3 June
1053:
391:Kerala
383:Dasara
318:) and
254:France
242:Turkey
238:Greece
230:Europe
212:names—
88:Mysore
1141:Linn"
679:crop.
618:India
574:India
518:Udupi
463:Hampi
408:Calyx
337:Aiton
321:Udupi
258:Italy
250:Spain
218:Motia
214:Mogra
187:India
177:udupi
98:India
1230:ISBN
1213:2008
1185:2008
1153:2008
1147:: 12
1129:2008
1104:2008
1051:ISBN
992:2021
966:2016
910:2021
873:2008
823:2008
560:Uses
524:and
393:and
316:Vahl
256:and
240:and
226:Asia
195:2005
173:Area
163:Type
106:2005
84:Area
74:Type
303:to
268:).
228:to
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