453:
243:
308:(いき, often written 粋) is a traditional aesthetic ideal in Japan. The basis of iki is thought to have formed among the urbane mercantile class (Chōnin) in Edo in the Tokugawa period (1603–1868). Iki is an expression of simplicity, sophistication, spontaneity, and originality. It is ephemeral, straightforward, measured, and unselfconscious. Iki is not overly refined, pretentious, complicated. Iki may signify a personal trait, or artificial phenomena exhibiting human will or consciousness. Iki is not used to describe natural phenomena, but may be expressed in human appreciation of natural beauty, or in the nature of human beings. The phrase
80:
In the
Buddhist tradition, all things are considered as either evolving from or dissolving into nothingness. This "nothingness" is not empty space. It is rather a space of potentiality. If the seas represent potential then each thing is like a wave arising from it and returning to it. There are no permanent waves. At no point is a wave complete, even at its peak. Nature is seen as a dynamic whole that is to be admired and appreciated. This appreciation of nature has been fundamental to many Japanese aesthetic ideals, "arts," and other cultural elements. In this respect, the notion of "
129:, the aesthetic defined as the beauty of things "imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete". Things in bud, or things in decay, as it were, are more evocative of wabi-sabi than things in full bloom because they suggest the transience of things. As things come and go, they show signs of their coming or going, and these signs are considered to be beautiful. In this, beauty is an altered state of consciousness and can be seen in the mundane and simple. The signatures of nature can be so subtle that it takes a quiet mind and a cultivated eye to discern them. In
583:—think of the tea ceremony. Training in combat techniques incorporated the way of the arts (Geidō), practice in the arts themselves, and instilling aesthetic concepts (for example, yugen) and the philosophy of arts (geido ron). This led to combat techniques becoming known as the martial arts (even today, David Lowry shows, in the 'Sword and Brush: the spirit of the martial arts', the affinity of the martial arts with the other arts). All of these arts are a form of tacit communication and we can, and do, respond to them by appreciation of this
630:(円相) is a Japanese word meaning "circle". It symbolizes the Absolute, enlightenment, strength, elegance, the Universe, and the void; it also may be taken to symbolize the Japanese aesthetic itself. Zen Buddhist calligraphists may "believe that the character of the artist is fully exposed in how she or he draws an ensō. Only a person who is mentally and spiritually complete can draw a true ensō. Some artists will practice drawing an ensō daily, as a kind of spiritual exercise."
105:
665:
198:
385:
20:
272:(1336–1392) as shibushi, the term originally referred to a sour or astringent taste, such as that of an unripe persimmon. Shibui maintains that literal meaning still, and remains the antonym of amai (甘い), meaning 'sweet'. Like other Japanese aesthetic terms, such as iki and wabi-sabi, shibui can apply to a wide variety of subjects, not just art or fashion.
2287:
604:
79:
is considered to be at the fountain-head of
Japanese culture. With its emphasis on the wholeness of nature and character in ethics, and its celebration of the landscape, it sets the tone for Japanese aesthetics. Until the thirteenth century, Shinto remained the main influence on Japanese aesthetics.
285:
3. Shibusa is not to be confused with wabi or sabi. Though many wabi or sabi objects are shibui, not all shibui objects are wabi or sabi. Wabi or sabi objects can be more severe and sometimes exaggerate intentional imperfections to such an extent that they can appear to be artificial. Shibui objects
638:
Because of its nature, Japanese aesthetics has a wider relevance than is usually accorded to aesthetics in the West. In her pathmaking book, Eiko
Ikegami reveals a complex history of social life in which aesthetic ideals become central to Japan's cultural identities. She shows how networks in the
217:
The aristocratic ideal of Miyabi demanded the elimination of anything that was absurd or vulgar and the "polishing of manners, diction, and feelings to eliminate all roughness and crudity so as to achieve the highest grace." It expressed that sensitivity to beauty which was the hallmark of the
180:
Each of these things are found in nature but can suggest virtues of human character and appropriateness of behaviour. This, in turn suggests that virtue and civility can be instilled through an appreciation of, and practice in, the arts. Hence, aesthetic ideals have an ethical connotation and
579:). All of these disciplines carry an ethical and aesthetic connotation and teach an appreciation of the process of creation. To introduce discipline into their training, Japanese warriors followed the example of the arts that systematized practice through prescribed forms called
655:
As one contribution to the broad subject of
Japanese aesthetics and technology, it has been suggested that carefully curated high speed camera photographs of fluid dynamics events are able to capture the beauty of this natural phenomenon in a characteristically Japanese manner.
639:
performing arts, the tea ceremony, and poetry shaped tacit cultural practices and how politeness and politics are inseparable. She contends that what in
Western cultures are normally scattered, like art and politics, have been, and are, distinctly integrated in Japan.
347:(序破急) is a concept of modulation and movement applied in a wide variety of traditional Japanese arts. Roughly translated to "beginning, break, rapid", it implies a tempo that begins slowly, accelerates, and then ends swiftly. This concept is applied to elements of the
214:(雅) is one of the oldest of the traditional Japanese aesthetic ideals, though perhaps not as prevalent as Iki or Wabi-sabi. In modern Japanese, the word is usually translated as "elegance," "refinement," or "courtliness" and sometimes referred to as "heart-breaker".
67:
in
Western societies, the concept of aesthetics in Japan is seen as an integral part of daily life. Japanese aesthetics now encompass a variety of ideals; some of these are traditional while others are modern and sometimes influenced by other cultures.
405:) is an important concept in traditional Japanese aesthetics. The exact translation of the word depends on the context. In the Chinese philosophical texts the term was taken from, yūgen meant "dim", "deep" or "mysterious". In the criticism of Japanese
2086:
642:
After the introduction of
Western notions in Japan, Wabi Sabi aesthetics ideals have been re-examined with Western values, by both Japanese and non-Japanese. Therefore, recent interpretations of the aesthetics ideals inevitably reflect
430:
To wander on in a huge forest without thought of return. To stand upon the shore and gaze after a boat that disappears behind distant islands. To contemplate the flight of wild geese seen and lost among the clouds.
281:
2. This balance of simplicity and complexity ensures that one does not tire of a shibui object but constantly finds new meanings and enriched beauty that cause its aesthetic value to grow over the years.
409:
poetry, it was used to describe the subtle profundity of things that are only vaguely suggested by the poems, and was also the name of a style of poetry (one of the ten orthodox styles delineated by
938:
442:
and wrote the classic book on dramatic theory (Kadensho). He uses images of nature as a constant metaphor. For example, "snow in a silver bowl" represents "the Flower of
Tranquility".
2136:
312:
is generally used in
Japanese culture to describe qualities that are aesthetically appealing and when applied to a person, what they do, or have, constitutes a high compliment.
2324:
452:
2066:
1074:
3492:
2800:
242:
419:
suggests that which is beyond what can be said, but it is not an allusion to another world. It is about this world, this experience. According to
1021:
889:
1149:
1058:
268:(渋さ) (noun) are Japanese words which refer to a particular aesthetic or beauty of simple, subtle, and unobtrusive beauty. Originating in the
3532:
1348:
328:. Etymologically, iki has a root that means pure and unadulterated. However, it also carries a connotation of having an appetite for life.
324:
is a broad term that encompasses various characteristics related to refinement with flair. The tasteful manifestation of sensuality can be
278:
1. Shibui objects appear to be simple overall but they include subtle details, such as textures, that balance simplicity with complexity.
2317:
996:
226:, a bittersweet awareness of the transience of things, and thus it was thought that things in decline showed a great sense of miyabi.
55:(profound grace and subtlety). These ideals, and others, underpin much of Japanese cultural and aesthetic norms on what is considered
1317:
1170:
980:
3421:
3527:
1967:
1660:
2500:
2310:
289:
4. Shibusa walks a fine line between contrasting aesthetic concepts such as elegant and rough or spontaneous and restrained.
125:
refer to a mindful approach to everyday life. Over time their meanings overlapped and converged until they were unified into
2366:
2348:
1645:
1570:
1264:
794:
3522:
3416:
2805:
2269:
2196:
1305:
1283:
773:, believes that "cuteness" is rooted in Japan's harmony-loving culture, and Nobuyoshi Kurita, a sociology professor at
3463:
3209:
2394:
525:
1795:
1625:
3380:
2477:
2357:
1502:
747:
1780:
1078:
2156:
1940:
1341:
727:
1695:
1144:
Seo, Audrey
Yoshiko; Addiss (1998). The Art of Twentieth-Century Zen. Stepen. Boston: Shambhala Publications.
1122:
3204:
2216:
2166:
1720:
1590:
735:
677:
Many traditional Japanese aesthetic criteria are manifest in, and discussed as part of, diverse elements of
2146:
2096:
1853:
1555:
1421:
3453:
3388:
3021:
2620:
2517:
2274:
1848:
1801:
1710:
1535:
1508:
1482:
1416:
559:
348:
1823:
1186:
464:
1025:
3458:
2965:
2236:
2116:
2106:
2014:
1987:
1890:
1670:
1411:
542:
269:
939:"Wabi Sabi, Mono no Aware, and Ma: Tracing Traditional Japanese Aesthetics through Japanese History"
893:
3155:
2810:
2687:
2279:
2246:
2221:
2056:
2009:
2004:
1818:
1775:
1765:
1735:
1715:
1600:
1452:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1334:
1690:
3398:
2827:
2764:
2241:
2231:
2201:
2176:
1962:
1900:
1760:
1560:
1467:
1386:
1371:
950:
774:
611:
478:
2426:
2417:
2389:
2291:
2251:
2126:
2019:
1993:
1635:
1595:
1550:
1530:
1487:
1462:
1381:
1376:
1313:
1166:
1145:
1054:
976:
919:
723:
410:
56:
3175:
3136:
2927:
2660:
1755:
1705:
1650:
1565:
1497:
1287:
1229:
1219:
847:
766:
739:
678:
576:
300:
3049:
3305:
3141:
2846:
2833:
2784:
2629:
2371:
2334:
1640:
1580:
1457:
1268:
1105:
823:
644:
869:
785:
is a "magic term" that encompasses everything that's acceptable and desirable in Japan.
286:
are not necessarily imperfect or asymmetrical, though they can include these qualities.
3252:
3195:
3113:
3030:
2441:
2375:
2226:
2206:
2076:
1833:
1785:
1745:
1680:
1630:
1610:
1545:
1000:
835:
804:
420:
378:
104:
2302:
84:" (or its conceptual equivalent) is also quite different from Western traditions (see
3516:
3444:
3393:
3350:
3081:
3067:
2714:
2459:
2256:
2046:
1905:
1828:
1770:
1685:
1665:
1525:
1477:
1100:
954:
841:
817:
743:
731:
406:
223:
112:
3468:
2815:
1860:
1725:
1605:
1585:
1437:
1163:
Bonds of Civility: aesthetic networks and the political origins of Japanese culture
384:
85:
2669:
339:
2087:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
3473:
3359:
3269:
3003:
2705:
2508:
2399:
2029:
1982:
1838:
1790:
1750:
1700:
1492:
669:
664:
439:
1261:
3257:
3072:
2994:
2855:
2575:
1999:
1977:
1870:
1655:
1615:
1575:
1442:
1357:
203:
197:
64:
23:
19:
3054:
2838:
495:
402:
3478:
3407:
3296:
3127:
3012:
2732:
2566:
2557:
2468:
1910:
1880:
1675:
1620:
1540:
1472:
810:
219:
99:
45:
39:
3497:
3435:
3332:
3278:
3104:
2864:
2602:
2491:
2211:
1945:
1895:
1875:
1740:
758:
751:
702:
352:
133:
philosophy there are seven aesthetic principles for achieving Wabi-Sabi.
51:
27:
1251:, University of Illinois Press, 2010, By Eric C. Rath, Stephanie Assmann
1224:
1207:
3483:
3426:
3341:
3324:
3315:
3223:
3062:
2974:
2945:
2775:
2651:
2593:
2584:
2535:
2526:
2380:
2024:
1972:
1930:
1915:
1885:
1447:
1234:
923:
829:
682:
598:
392:
3232:
3170:
3146:
3095:
3086:
2954:
2936:
2875:
2789:
2723:
2696:
2678:
2482:
2450:
2408:
1957:
1935:
1865:
1843:
799:
696:
356:
247:
237:
192:
108:
76:
60:
1206:
Tosa, Naoko; Yunian Pang; Qin Yang; Ryohei Nakatsu (21 March 2019).
3287:
3241:
3214:
3039:
2985:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2611:
1730:
1308:
Bridge of dreams: the Mary Griggs Burke collection of Japanese art
778:
762:
663:
602:
584:
451:
383:
364:
360:
241:
196:
103:
18:
3122:
2741:
2546:
1951:
1925:
580:
2306:
1330:
603:
498:) refers to the various traditional Japanese arts disciplines:
1920:
499:
130:
81:
1326:
1208:"Pursuit and Expression of Japanese Beauty Using Technology"
870:"Japanese Aesthetics (Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy)"
359:, and to the traditional collaborative linked verse forms
973:
Wabi Sabi for artists, designers, poets and philosophers
3498:
3484:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3408:
3399:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3259:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3196:
3176:
3162:
3156:
3147:
3128:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3087:
3073:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2975:
2966:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2897:
2888:
2876:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2817:
2790:
2776:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2548:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2492:
2483:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2381:
2358:
2349:
158:(自然): without pretense, natural as a human behaviour;
2137:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
222:. Miyabi is often closely connected to the notion of
769:
and national identity. Tomoyuki Sugiyama, author of
275:
Shibusa includes the following essential qualities:
3379:
3188:
2916:
2763:
2642:
2341:
2189:
2038:
1811:
1518:
1430:
1364:
1123:"Zeami and the Transition of the Concept of Yūgen"
438:Zeami was the originator of the dramatic art form
427:"To watch the sun sink behind a flower-clad hill.
706:
470:
715:
568:
551:
534:
517:
504:
462:
49:(the beauty of natural patina and aging), and
37:comprise a set of ancient ideals that include
2318:
1342:
423:, all of the following are portals to yūgen:
8:
2067:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
1312:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1165:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
377:"Yugen" redirects here. For the ballet, see
1284:"Cuteness a hot-selling commodity in Japan"
1098:Zeami. "Teachings on Style and the Flower (
2920:
2325:
2311:
2303:
1349:
1335:
1327:
864:
862:
634:Aesthetics and Japan's cultural identities
164:(幽玄): subtly profound grace, not obvious;
1233:
1223:
434:And, subtle shadows of bamboo on bamboo."
389:The Dragon of Smoke Escaping from Mt Fuji
316:is not found in nature. While similar to
3493:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
1044:
1042:
966:
964:
858:
181:pervades much of the Japanese culture.
916:Shinto; at the fountain-head of Japan
701:A modern phenomenon, since the 1970s
647:perspectives and Western philosophy.
170:(脱俗): unbounded by convention, free;
7:
1262:Inside Look at Japanese Cute Culture
975:. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press.
726:has become a prominent aesthetic of
1249:Japanese Foodways, Past and Present
633:
201:The Temple of the Golden Pavilion (
1051:Japanese arts and self-cultivation
651:Japanese aesthetics and technology
320:in that it disregards perfection,
14:
720:, "cute", "adorable", "loveable")
355:, to the traditional theatre, to
2285:
140:(不均斉): asymmetry, irregularity;
16:Set of ancient and modern ideals
2750:
1282:Yuri Kageyama (June 14, 2006).
250:, exhibiting the aesthetics of
111:("blossom viewing") parties at
2501:Light skin in Japanese culture
890:"Teaching Japanese Aesthetics"
43:(transient and stark beauty),
1:
2367:Blood type personality theory
2333:Japanese social concepts and
1280:Quotes and paraphrases from:
618:
482:
3417:Japanese blue collar workers
2197:Aestheticization of politics
1053:. New York, NY: SUNY Press.
800:Cuteness in Japanese culture
761:is increasingly accepted in
176:(静寂): tranquility, silence.
3533:Japanese style of gardening
3499:
3485:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3409:
3400:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3260:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3197:
3177:
3163:
3157:
3148:
3129:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3074:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2976:
2967:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2898:
2889:
2877:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2818:
2791:
2777:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2549:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2493:
2484:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2382:
2359:
2350:
707:
526:Japanese flower arrangement
471:
3549:
1110:On the Art of the Nō Drama
1049:Carter, Robert E. (2008).
1022:"The nature of garden art"
757:As a cultural phenomenon,
694:
685:for a refined expression.
596:
376:
337:
298:
235:
190:
97:
2923:
2478:Japanese political values
2265:
716:
569:
552:
535:
518:
505:
728:Japanese popular culture
152:(考古): basic, weathered;
63:. Thus, while seen as a
3422:Japanese business terms
3394:Business card etiquette
3205:Japanese street fashion
2217:Evolutionary aesthetics
2167:The Aesthetic Dimension
1304:Murase, Miyeko (2000).
971:Koren, Leonard (1994).
3528:Concepts in aesthetics
2147:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
2097:Lectures on Aesthetics
1271:" (September 1, 2005).
1161:Ikegami, Eiko (2005).
937:Prusinski, L. (2012).
914:Herbert, Jean (1967).
674:
624:
488:
463:
436:
395:
254:
208:
178:
115:
31:
3454:Labor unions in Japan
2292:Philosophy portal
1187:"Japan - the society"
667:
606:
560:Japanese tea ceremony
455:
425:
387:
349:Japanese tea ceremony
245:
200:
135:
107:
22:
2342:Sociocultural values
2237:Philosophy of design
2117:In Praise of Shadows
2107:The Critic as Artist
997:"What Is Wabi-Sabi?"
543:Japanese calligraphy
456:Right screen of the
3523:Japanese aesthetics
3459:Lifetime employment
2811:Japanese honorifics
2247:Philosophy of music
2222:Mathematical beauty
1225:10.3390/arts8010038
413:in his treatises).
367:(haikai no renga).
72:Shinto and Buddhism
35:Japanese aesthetics
3464:Management culture
2884:Sitting positions
2242:Philosophy of film
2232:Patterns in nature
2202:Applied aesthetics
2177:Why Beauty Matters
1963:Life imitating art
1824:Art for art's sake
1267:2005-10-25 at the
781:, has stated that
775:Musashi University
754:, and mannerisms.
675:
625:
612:Kanjuro Shibata XX
489:
458:Pine Trees screens
396:
393:Katsushika Hokusai
260:(渋い) (adjective),
255:
209:
146:(簡素): simplicity;
116:
32:
3510:
3509:
3375:
3374:
2420:Hara hachi bun me
2390:Celibacy syndrome
2300:
2299:
2252:Psychology of art
2127:Art as Experience
1150:978-1-57062-358-5
1060:978-0-7914-7254-5
918:. Stein and Day.
673:in various colors
411:Fujiwara no Teika
270:Nanbokuchō period
3540:
3502:
3488:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3412:
3403:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3263:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3200:
3180:
3178:Yamato nadeshiko
3166:
3160:
3151:
3137:Net cafe refugee
3132:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3077:
3058:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2979:
2970:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2921:
2901:
2892:
2880:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2821:
2806:Honorific speech
2801:Dining etiquette
2794:
2780:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2496:
2487:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2385:
2362:
2353:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2304:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2052:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1323:
1292:
1291:
1288:Associated Press
1278:
1272:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1108:& Yamazaki.
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1077:. Archived from
1075:"Taste of Japan"
1071:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1024:. Archived from
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
999:. Archived from
993:
987:
986:
968:
959:
958:
934:
928:
927:
911:
905:
904:
902:
901:
892:. Archived from
886:
880:
879:
877:
876:
866:
848:5S (methodology)
767:Japanese culture
721:
719:
718:
712:
679:Japanese cuisine
623:
620:
577:Japanese pottery
574:
572:
571:
557:
555:
554:
540:
538:
537:
523:
521:
520:
510:
508:
507:
487:
484:
476:
474:
468:
301:Iki (aesthetics)
264:(渋み) (noun), or
246:An 18th century
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3371:
3184:
3142:Parasite single
3052:
2917:Types of people
2912:
2906:Other positions
2836:
2785:Bowing in Japan
2768:
2759:
2638:
2632:Yamato-damashii
2372:Brother complex
2337:
2331:
2301:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2261:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2157:Critical Essays
2150:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2034:
1807:
1721:Ortega y Gasset
1514:
1426:
1360:
1355:
1320:
1303:
1300:
1298:Further reading
1295:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:Wayback Machine
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1004:
995:
994:
990:
983:
970:
969:
962:
943:Studies on Asia
936:
935:
931:
913:
912:
908:
899:
897:
888:
887:
883:
874:
872:
868:
867:
860:
856:
824:Japanese garden
791:
713:
699:
693:
662:
653:
645:Judeo-Christian
636:
621:
614:
601:
595:
566:
549:
532:
515:
502:
485:
479:Hasegawa Tōhaku
465:Shōrin-zu byōbu
460:
450:
382:
375:
342:
336:
303:
297:
240:
234:
195:
189:
102:
96:
74:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3490:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3322:
3313:
3303:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3173:
3168:
3153:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3125:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3079:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2894:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2844:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2505:Mental states
2503:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2444:Ichi-go ichi-e
2439:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2376:Sister complex
2369:
2364:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Neuroesthetics
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Arts criticism
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2077:On the Sublime
2073:
2063:
2053:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:Interpretation
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1834:Artistic merit
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Psychoanalysis
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1273:
1253:
1241:
1198:
1178:
1171:
1153:
1137:
1114:
1091:
1066:
1059:
1038:
1013:
988:
981:
960:
929:
906:
881:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
845:
838:
836:Japanese music
833:
826:
821:
814:
807:
805:Japanese sword
802:
797:
790:
787:
695:Main article:
692:
687:
661:
658:
652:
649:
635:
632:
597:Main article:
594:
589:
449:
444:
421:Zeami Motokiyo
391:, painting by
379:Yugen (ballet)
374:
369:
338:Main article:
335:
330:
299:Main article:
296:
291:
236:Main article:
233:
228:
191:Main article:
188:
183:
98:Main article:
95:
90:
73:
70:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3545:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Black company
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3068:Herbivore men
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:Shinoukoushou
2926:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2717:Mono no aware
2713:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2462:Ishin-denshin
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2257:Theory of art
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2047:Hippias Major
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Entertainment
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Art manifesto
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Appropriation
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Merleau-Ponty
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:Abhinavagupta
1524:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Postmodernism
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1321:
1319:0-87099-941-9
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1172:0-521-60115-0
1168:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1081:on 2007-04-30
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1028:on 2008-08-07
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1003:on 2007-05-02
1002:
998:
992:
989:
984:
982:1-880656-12-4
978:
974:
967:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
945:. Series IV.
944:
940:
933:
930:
925:
921:
917:
910:
907:
896:on 2008-12-02
895:
891:
885:
882:
871:
865:
863:
859:
853:
849:
846:
844:
843:
842:Mono no aware
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:
818:Ishin-denshin
815:
813:
812:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:as a part of
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:entertainment
729:
725:
711:
710:
704:
698:
691:
688:
686:
684:
680:
672:
671:
666:
659:
657:
650:
648:
646:
640:
631:
629:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
593:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
565:
561:
548:
544:
531:
527:
514:
501:
497:
493:
480:
473:
467:
466:
459:
454:
448:
445:
443:
441:
435:
432:
428:
424:
422:
418:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
394:
390:
386:
380:
373:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
334:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
295:
292:
290:
287:
283:
279:
276:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
253:
249:
244:
239:
232:
229:
227:
225:
224:Mono no aware
221:
215:
213:
206:
205:
199:
194:
187:
184:
182:
177:
175:
171:
169:
165:
163:
159:
157:
153:
151:
147:
145:
141:
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
114:
113:Himeji Castle
110:
106:
101:
94:
91:
89:
87:
83:
78:
71:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
29:
25:
21:
3469:Nenko system
3381:Work culture
3171:Yakuza ranks
3048:
2832:
2769:social norms
2643:
2547:
2175:
2165:
2155:
2125:
2115:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2045:
1992:
1968:Magnificence
1950:
1800:
1766:Schopenhauer
1601:Coomaraswamy
1519:Philosophers
1507:
1438:Aestheticism
1391:
1309:
1306:
1276:
1260:Diana Lee, "
1256:
1248:
1244:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1181:
1162:
1156:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1117:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1069:
1050:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1016:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
991:
972:
949:(1): 25–49.
946:
942:
932:
915:
909:
898:. Retrieved
894:the original
884:
873:. Retrieved
840:
828:
816:
809:
795:Big in Japan
782:
770:
756:
708:
700:
689:
676:
668:
654:
641:
637:
627:
626:
615:
607:
591:
563:
546:
529:
512:
491:
490:
457:
446:
437:
433:
429:
426:
416:
415:
398:
397:
388:
371:
344:
343:
332:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:
293:
288:
284:
280:
277:
274:
265:
261:
257:
256:
251:
230:
216:
211:
210:
202:
185:
179:
173:
172:
167:
166:
161:
160:
155:
154:
149:
148:
143:
142:
137:
136:
126:
122:
118:
117:
92:
86:Japanese art
75:
50:
44:
38:
34:
33:
3474:Office lady
3272:Netto-uyoku
3189:Subcultures
3116:Kyōiku mama
3053: [
2837: [
2828:Gift-giving
2061:(c. 335 BC)
2051:(c. 390 BC)
2030:Work of art
1983:Picturesque
1839:Avant-garde
1796:Winckelmann
1671:Kierkegaard
1596:Collingwood
1566:Baudrillard
1493:Romanticism
1463:Historicism
1397:Mathematics
1235:2433/250219
746:, personal
622: 2000
587:dimension.
511:(theater),
486: 1595
440:Noh theatre
3517:Categories
3447:Kyariaūman
3210:Genderless
3075:Hikikomori
2858:Giri choco
2644:Aesthetics
2578:Omotenashi
2000:Recreation
1978:Perception
1871:Creativity
1571:Baumgarten
1561:Baudelaire
1443:Classicism
1358:Aesthetics
1192:2008-12-07
1131:2008-12-08
1101:Fūshikaden
1085:2007-04-01
1032:2008-12-06
1007:2007-04-01
924:B0006BOJ8C
900:2008-12-03
875:2009-06-10
854:References
771:Cool Japan
748:appearance
660:Gastronomy
204:Kinkaku-ji
65:philosophy
3479:Salaryman
3410:Ho-Ren-Sō
3299:Akiba-kei
3130:Otokonoko
3015:Burakumin
2765:Etiquette
2735:Wabi-sabi
2672:Jo-ha-kyū
2569:Nemawashi
2560:Mottainai
2471:Isagiyosa
2005:Reverence
1911:Eroticism
1881:Depiction
1854:Masculine
1756:Santayana
1716:Nietzsche
1661:Hutcheson
1651:Heidegger
1636:Greenberg
1591:Coleridge
1556:Balthasar
1541:Aristotle
1503:Theosophy
1498:Symbolism
1473:Modernism
1458:Formalism
1104:)." from
955:190461627
811:Honkadori
345:Jo-ha-kyū
340:Jo-ha-kyū
333:Jo-ha-kyū
318:wabi-sabi
220:Heian era
168:Datsuzoku
127:wabi-sabi
100:Wabi-sabi
93:Wabi-sabi
61:beautiful
26:, of the
3500:Zaibatsu
3438:Keiretsu
3335:Shotacon
3309:moe zoku
3281:Omorashi
3198:Bōsōzoku
3107:Jouhatsu
3033:Chūnibyō
3006:Bishōnen
2605:Tsundoku
2511:Fudōshin
2494:Kotodama
2402:Gekokujō
2280:Category
2212:Axiology
2081:(c. 500)
2071:(c. 100)
1946:Judgment
1901:Emotions
1896:Elegance
1876:Cuteness
1849:Feminine
1812:Concepts
1781:Tanizaki
1761:Schiller
1746:Richards
1736:Rancière
1706:Maritain
1641:Hanslick
1581:Benjamin
1453:Feminism
1422:Theology
1402:Medieval
1392:Japanese
1387:Internet
1265:Archived
789:See also
759:cuteness
752:behavior
736:clothing
724:Japanese
703:cuteness
670:Konpeitō
564:yakimono
248:tea bowl
138:Fukinsei
57:tasteful
28:Soto Zen
3486:Shinise
3429:Karoshi
3344:Reki-jo
3327:Lolicon
3318:Fujoshi
3306:Figure
3258:Visual
3226:Ganguro
3063:Freeter
2997:Bishōjo
2977:Sukeban
2948:Shizoku
2816:Manual
2778:Aizuchi
2596:Sontaku
2587:Shuhari
2538:Zanshin
2529:Shoshin
2435:tatemae
2383:Bushido
2275:Outline
2190:Related
2057:Poetics
2025:Tragedy
2015:Sublime
1988:Quality
1973:Mimesis
1931:Harmony
1916:Fashion
1891:Ecstasy
1886:Disgust
1802:more...
1771:Scruton
1696:Lyotard
1631:Goodman
1611:Deleuze
1546:Aquinas
1536:Alberti
1509:more...
1488:Realism
1468:Marxism
1448:Fascism
1431:Schools
1417:Science
1372:Ancient
830:Ikebana
683:kaiseki
562:), and
266:shibusa
262:shibumi
174:Seijaku
24:Sōji-ji
3365:fandom
3253:Lolita
3235:Gyaruo
3158:Senpai
3149:Sensei
3098:Ikemen
3089:Iemoto
3024:Chikan
2968:Banchō
2957:Heimin
2939:Kazoku
2878:Kamiza
2792:Dogeza
2726:Shibui
2699:Miyabi
2681:Kawaii
2520:Mushin
2485:Kaizen
2453:Ikigai
2411:Hansei
2335:values
2181:(2009)
2171:(1977)
2161:(1946)
2151:(1939)
2141:(1935)
2131:(1934)
2121:(1933)
2111:(1891)
2101:(1835)
2091:(1757)
1958:Kitsch
1936:Humour
1866:Comedy
1844:Beauty
1786:Vasari
1776:Tagore
1751:Ruskin
1691:Lukács
1681:Langer
1626:Goethe
1551:Balázs
1531:Adorno
1412:Nature
1377:Africa
1316:
1218:: 38.
1169:
1148:
1112:. p20.
1057:
979:
953:
922:
709:kawaii
697:Kawaii
690:Kawaii
681:; see
472:松林図 屏風
357:Gagaku
258:Shibui
252:shibui
238:Shibui
231:Shibui
212:Miyabi
193:Miyabi
186:Miyabi
156:Shizen
109:Hanami
77:Shinto
30:school
3401:Haken
3290:Otaku
3244:Kogal
3217:Gyaru
3164:kōhai
3057:]
3050:Ebune
3042:Denpa
2988:Bijin
2899:Seiza
2890:Agura
2867:Ninjō
2841:]
2819:keigo
2753:Yūgen
2614:Ukiyo
2429:Honne
2270:Index
2039:Works
2020:Taste
2010:Style
1791:Wilde
1731:Plato
1726:Pater
1686:Lipps
1646:Hegel
1616:Dewey
1606:Danto
1586:Burke
1407:Music
1382:India
1365:Areas
1126:(PDF)
1106:Rimer
951:S2CID
779:Tokyo
763:Japan
585:tacit
530:shodō
492:Geidō
447:Geidō
417:Yūgen
399:Yūgen
372:Yūgen
365:renku
361:renga
353:kendō
351:, to
162:Yūgen
144:Kanso
52:yūgen
3362:Yaoi
3353:Wota
3161:and
3123:NEET
3082:Idol
2849:Giri
2834:Gimu
2744:Yabo
2654:Ensō
2550:Miai
2432:and
2395:Face
2360:Amae
2351:Aiki
1994:Rasa
1952:Kama
1926:Gaze
1861:Camp
1741:Rand
1676:Klee
1666:Kant
1656:Hume
1576:Bell
1314:ISBN
1212:Arts
1167:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1055:ISBN
977:ISBN
920:ASIN
783:cute
744:toys
740:food
628:Ensō
616:Enso
608:Ensō
599:Ensō
592:Ensō
581:kata
547:Sadō
513:kadō
407:waka
363:and
150:Koko
123:sabi
121:and
119:Wabi
46:sabi
40:wabi
3261:kei
2767:and
2708:Moe
2663:Iki
1921:Fun
1701:Man
1621:Fry
1230:hdl
1220:doi
777:in
722:in
717:可愛い
705:or
610:by
545:),
528:),
500:Noh
477:by
326:iki
322:iki
314:Iki
310:iki
306:Iki
294:Iki
131:Zen
88:).
82:art
59:or
3519::
3331:/
3055:ja
2839:ja
2690:Ma
2623:Wa
2374:/
2149:"
2139:"
2109:"
1286:.
1228:.
1214:.
1210:.
1041:^
963:^
941:.
861:^
750:,
742:,
738:,
734:,
730:,
619:c.
570:焼物
553:茶道
536:書道
519:華道
496:芸道
483:c.
481:,
469:,
403:幽玄
2326:e
2319:t
2312:v
2145:"
2135:"
2105:"
1350:e
1343:t
1336:v
1322:.
1290:.
1238:.
1232::
1222::
1216:8
1195:.
1175:.
1134:.
1088:.
1063:.
1035:.
1010:.
985:.
957:.
947:2
926:.
903:.
878:.
714:(
575:(
573:)
567:(
558:(
556:)
550:(
541:(
539:)
533:(
524:(
522:)
516:(
509:)
506:能
503:(
494:(
475:)
461:(
401:(
381:.
207:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
