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needy children. Divie continued to encourage and back Joanna up in her pursuit to create and run charities and schools throughout their marriage. The couple had six children together, three of whom lived to adulthood: Jessie, Isabella, and George. Before her death, Bethune's mother asked her daughter to focus her efforts on helping children and to "leave the work with widows to others".
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70:. She took her religious duties so seriously as to reject the proposal of a man who criticized her for "excessive" church attendance. Under her mother's suggestion, she married a Scottish merchant named Divie Bethune, a man who at first was broke upon entering New York but over time gained considerable wealth. Like Joanna, Divie was also a devout Christian.
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Schools was established and
Bethune became the administrator. This Society was successful just like the Orphan Asylum Society had been; producing twenty-one schools with over eight thousand students. Later on, the New York Sunday School Union (a union made up of men) integrated the Society and Bethune eventually lost her position as the leader.
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Joanna Graham
Bethune was born to Isabella and Dr. John Graham at Fort Niagara on February 1, 1770, in Canada. After Dr. Graham's death in 1773, Bethune moved with her family to Scotland, where she was raised by her mother. Bethune attended school at Paisley and Edinburgh until she was thirteen years
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and to educate them to be ready to work hard to contribute to society as adults. The
Society was highly successful in training orphaned children for jobs and it had a positive response from the public. The New York State gave financial aid to the society and led it to becoming a prime example for
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that children were often sent to, Bethune suggested the idea of creating a shelter to nurture and educate children. With her husband's support and financial backing, she helped found the Orphan Asylum
Society, with its own standards of taking care of children. The major goal of the Society was to
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After her marriage, Bethune turned her focus to charity work. She had helped her mother start the
Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children which was her earliest work as a philanthropist. With her husband's financial backing she was able to start her own organizations for helping
45:, educator, and founder of various charitable organizations in the 19th century. She was responsible for the growth of philanthropic organizations focused on helping women and children in the first half of the 19th century, many of which were highly successful and trained thousands of students.
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modeled after the ones in
England after being turned down by local ministers. Divie Bethune said, "My dear wife, there is no use in waiting for the men; do you gather a few ladies of different denominations, and begin the work yourselves". The Federal Union Society For the Promotion of Sabbath
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Joanna Graham
Bethune was a social reformer in the United States. She is regarded as the mother of the Sunday School movement and founded several charitable institutions for orphans.
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for two years. After studying to become a teacher, she moved with her family once again to New York where she became a teacher at her mother's school at the age of 19.
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In 1814, Bethune initiated the
Society for the Promotion of Industry Among the Poor to give work to people suffering from the struggles brought on by the
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Bethune helped her mother open and run this organization though her mother later told to her to focus on children instead of widows.
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Benson, Mary S. (1971). "Bethune, Joanna Graham". In James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (eds.).
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Townsend, Lucy
Forsyth (1994). "Graham, Joanna Bethune". In Litoff, Judy Barrett; McDonnell, Judith (eds.).
263:"From Widowhood to Wickedness: The Politics of Class and Gender in New York City Private Charity, 1799-1860"
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173:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 138–140.
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Bethune's husband died on
September 18, 1824, and Bethune died on July 29, 1860.
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European immigrant women in the United States : a biographical dictionary
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Divie Bethune inspired his wife to gather other women to form a system of
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old when a friend of her mother paid for her to attend a French school in
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Bethune was a deeply religious Christian, having been a member of the
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charitable organizations, inspiring the creation of other charities.
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Notable American women, 1607-1950; a biographical dictionary
41:(February 1, 1770 – July 29, 1860) was a Scottish-Canadian
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Federal Union Society For the Promotion of Sabbath Schools
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Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children
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After seeing the poor conditions and standards in the
305:"Women in the Vanguard of the Sunday School Movement"
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Society for the Promotion of Industry Among the Poor
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