400:, who did so much towards the Catholic revival in Germany, collaborated with Hirscher, with whom he spent an evening each week, and on one occasion wrote a vehement letter to a bishop who had forbidden his theologians to study at Freiburg, for fear of their falling under the influence of Hirscher; he asserted even that at first he had placed the writings of Hirscher above those of the Fathers. Hirscher's misfortune was to have known too little of Christian antiquity and especially of the Middle Ages. What he criticized under the name of
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proposed a motion that the grand duke should be asked to employ "every means to preserve genuine
Christianity, active and living, among all classes of society, especially among the young". In 1850 he asked that the grand duke should attend to the wants of the Church, and that he should grant without delay the establishment of three or four petits séminaires, where future clerics should be trained during the time of their gymnasium studies. In November, 1853, he drew up the address by which the chapter of Freiburg allied itself with
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individualization of the
Kingdom of God in souls and of its coming within and without us, that is to say, of justification, sanctification, and the Church; the sixth book treats of the Kingdom of God in the other life. Kleutgen criticized Hirscher for insisting too exclusively on the work of education that God works within us, and neglecting to emphasize the gratuitous creation of the new man by grace. However, such as it was, Hirscher's catechetical work, with
408:. Finally, the sometimes too bitter attacks of which he was the object prevented the diffusion of certain of his ideas; but, on the other hand, his zeal as a catechist, his exalted piety, his personal influence, the purity of his intentions, the ardour he displayed in his defence of Vicari, the part he played in the religious awakening in Baden, recognized by the "Historisch-politische BIätter" in 1854, won for Hirscher the gratitude of German Catholics.
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having formally retracted the book; he answered that at least he had held quite orthodox theories concerning the Mass in his later writings. Nevertheless, a number of
Catholics were not reassured, and when in 1842 and the following years there was question of appointing Hirscher coadjutor of Freiburg, the historian
299:, in 1848; he feared that the movement might lead to imprudent demonstrations by the Catholics. He preferred lay associations to be undenominational, and favoured a synodal organization in which the laity would be represented, and which should be periodically convened by the bishops and presided over by them.
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in drawing up the programme of the famous congress of
Catholic scientists to be held at Munich, the following year, he quietly withdrew, judging that the time was not ripe for such a meeting. In the First Chamber of the Baden Diet Hirscher fought vigorously for the liberties of the Church. In 1848 he
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of
Rottenburg, Rome refused. These suspicions were confirmed by the pamphlets Hirscher published in 1849, on the social condition of the present day and the Church, "Die socialen Zustände der Gegenwart", and on the present state of religion, "Die kirchlichen Zustände der Gegenwart". These brochures
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considers that the last editions are perfectly orthodox. The book marked a reaction against rationalistic morality. Hirscher closely traced the moral act to a religious origin and a religious end, and he detested virtue that did not proceed from faith. Though not satisfactory from the point of view
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When eighty years of age, he published a brochure entitled "Besorgnisse hinsichtlich der Zweckmässigkeit unseres
Religionsunterrichtes" (1863). He regarded the catechism as the history of the Kingdom of God. The first two books treat of God, the Creation, and the Redemption; the next three, of the
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Hirscher's ideas on the reform of the Church were both complex and controversial. As a young man he had written a work on the Mass entitled "De genuina missæ notione", in which the idea of the sacrifice was relegated to the background, and which was put on the Index. Later he was blamed for never
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His book on
Christian morality, published in 1835, ran through five editions. He defined Christian morality as the scientific doctrine of the effective return of man to the Divine filiation through the merits of Christ. In the earlier editions some of his expressions and opinions, owing to the
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and gave rise to lively discussions. To defend his catechism, Hirscher published "Zur Verständigung über den von mir bearbeiteten und demnächst erscheinenden
Katechismus der christkatholischen Religion" (1842), and "Nachträge zur Verständigung" (1843).
275:, dean of the University of Freiburg, defended him in his book "Hirscher und seine Ankläger". But Rinck continued to write to the effect that if Hirscher were accepted as bishop there would be a worse schism than that of
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and Baron de Rinck, raised a cry of alarm. The "Schweizerische
Kirchenzeitung" and the "Revue Sion" accused Hirscher of being an enemy of Rome and everything Roman, of dreaming of a German national Church, of opposing
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He showed himself opposed to the preaching of missions in villages. Several of the bishops were aroused, and attention was drawn to the opinions in
Hirscher's pamphlets that had been condemned already by
237:, though he was not opposed to the dogma itself. His advanced age forced him to cease teaching in the summer of 1863. He died in 1865 and was buried at the Alter Friedhof in Freiburg.
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in his pamphlet of 1823, on the relations of the Gospels with Scholastic theology, were formulæ of a handbook more impregnated with the philosophy of Wolff than with that of
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Hirscher was made a canon in 1839, and dean of the chapter in 1850; after 1847 he was often sent as delegate of the university to the First Chamber of the
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in his struggle against the bureaucracy of the State, and defended Vicari in his brochure, "Zur Orientirung über den derzeitigen Kirchenstreit" (1854).
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created a profound sensation, for in them Hirscher showed himself hostile to the Catholic Associations' movement, which gave birth to the first general
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267:, and ecclesiastical discipline with regard to mixed marriages, of preventing the Freiburg theological review from attacking his benefactor
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202:, where he remained twenty years. There he taught canon law, moral, and pastoral theology. In 1819 he was a founder and co-editor of the
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In 1842, Hirscher was passed up for consideration as bishop of Freiburg. Two years later, when the Government of
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Hirscher was an excellent priest whom many of his contemporaries, according to the testimony of
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Entwicklung des katholischen Katechismus in Deutschland von Canisius bis Deharbe
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136:– 4 September 1865) was a German Catholic theologian associated with the
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had a real devotion. He aroused some to enthusiasm: the celebrated publicist,
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195:; and in 1814 assistant professor of philosophy at the Ellwangen lyceum.
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491:. (James Strong and John McClintock, eds.) Harper and Brothers; NY; 1880
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Goyau, Georges. "Johann Baptist von Hirscher." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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in 1809. He was ordained priest in 1810. For two years he was curate at
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The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature
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influence of the day, were censured; he corrected them by degrees and
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In 1817 he was elected to the chair of moral and pastoral theology in
412:"Geschichte Jesu Christi, des Sohnes Gottes und Weitheilandes" (1839)
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says, had a salutary effect, and Hettinger himself made use of it.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 20 January 2021
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418:"Leben der seligsten Jungfrau und Gottesmutter Maria" (1854)
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wanted to have Hirscher appointed coadjutor to the aged
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In 1854 Hirscher was hostile to the definition of the
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307:in his Constitution "Auctorem fidei". The canonist
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219:of confessors, Hirscher's work, as his apologist
152:. His parents were pious peasants. He studied at
421:"Hauptstücke des christlichen Glaubens" (1857).
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470:Yonke, Eric S., "Johann Baptist Hirscher",
392:, venerated as a patriarch, and for whom
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596:"Johann Baptist von Hirscher"
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