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transition at a high concentration. As a result, the viscosity increases exponentially as a function of concentration and then diverges at a critical concentration. This has been referred to as the "Mayonnaise effect", as the viscosity of
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261:. The Jones–Dole expression works well up to about 1 M, but at higher concentrations breaks down, as the viscosity of all solutions increase rapidly at high concentrations.
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Jones, Grinnell; Dole, Malcolm (1929-10-01). "The
Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Strong Electrolytes with Special Reference to Barium Chloride".
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that describes the impact of charge–charge interactions on the viscosity of a solution (it is usually positive) and can be calculated from
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The large increase in viscosity as a function of solute concentration seen in all solutions above about 1 M is the effect of a
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and the concentration of solute within the solution (at a fixed temperature and pressure). The Jones–Dole equation is written as
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coefficient is often used to classify ions as either structure-makers (kosmotropes) or structure-breakers (
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is a coefficient that characterises the solute–solvent interactions at a defined temperature and pressure,
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Marcus, Yizhak (2009-03-11). "Effect of Ions on the
Structure of Water: Structure Making and Breaking".
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Jenkins, H. Donald B.; Marcus, Yizhak (1995-12-01). "Viscosity B-Coefficients of Ions in
Solution".
122:, or Jones–Dole expression, is an empirical expression that describes the relationship between the
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http://www.le.ac.uk/chemistry/thermodynamics/pdfs/3000/Topic2930.pdf
196:{\displaystyle {\frac {\eta }{\eta _{0}}}=1+AC^{\frac {1}{2}}+BC,}
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