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2433:(in which reality is outside the subject) to focus on the only truthful reality: "my life"—the life of each individual. He suggests that there is no "me" without things, and things are nothing without me: "I" (human being) cannot be detached from "my circumstance" (world). This led Ortega y Gasset to pronounce his famous maxim "Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia" ("I am me and my circumstance") (
2494:, which he developed by adding a non-relativistic character in which absolute truth does exist and would be obtained by the sum of all perspectives of all lives, since for each human being life takes a concrete form and life itself is a true radical reality from which any philosophical system must derive. In this sense, Ortega coined the terms "vital reason" (
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against attacks from both communists and right-wing populists. Ortega likewise shares Mill's fears of the "tyranny of the majority" and the "collective mediocrity" of the masses, which he believes threaten individuality, free thought, and protections for minorities. Ortega characterized liberalism as
3612:
Marciano
Guerrero 2012. Primary Influences: "Three writers definitely influenced the thinking of Ortega y Gasset. From Schopenhauer he assimilated a sense of pessimism for the European race. From Nietzsche he saw that there was an audience for Nietzsche’s idea of the “superman.” And from John Stuart
2424:
For Ortega y Gasset, philosophy has a critical duty to lay siege to beliefs in order to promote new ideas and to explain reality. To accomplish such tasks, the philosopher must—as
Husserl proposed—leave behind prejudices and previously existing beliefs, and investigate the essential reality of the
2467:
In this sense Ortega y Gasset wrote that life is at the same time fate and freedom, and that freedom "is being free inside of a given fate. Fate gives us an inexorable repertory of determinate possibilities, that is, it gives us different destinies. We accept fate and within it we choose one
2468:
destiny." In this tied down fate we must therefore be active, decide and create a "project of life"—thus not be like those who live a conventional life of customs and given structures who prefer an unconcerned and imperturbable life because they are afraid of the duty of choosing a project.
460:, which belonged to the family of his mother, Dolores Gasset. The family was definitively of Spain's end-of-the-century liberal and educated bourgeoisie. The liberal tradition and journalistic engagement of his family had a profound influence in Ortega y Gasset's activism in politics.
2973:
Published in 1984, covering three courses taught in 1929, 1930, and 1931, entitled, respectively: "Vida como ejecución (El ser ejecutivo)" – "Life as execution (The executive being)", "Sobre la realidad radical" – "On radical reality" and "¿Qué es la vida?" – "What is
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661:
by mid-1945 and slowly began to make short visits to Spain. In 1948 he returned to Madrid, where he founded the
Institute of Humanities, at which he lectured. Upon his return to Spain, he often privately expressed his hostility to the
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Much of Ortega y Gasset's work consists of course lectures published years after the fact, often posthumously. This list attempts to list works in chronological order by when they were written, rather than when they were published.
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Ortega y Gasset's influence was considerable, not only because many sympathized with his philosophical writings, but also because those writings did not require that the reader be well-versed in technical philosophy.
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and his successors was unequivocal, as was his distrust of the
Spanish monarchy and Catholic Church. Yet, Ortega's political thought has been characterized as anti-democratic and conservative, and his work
2464:
is oppressive; therefore, there is a continual dialectical interaction between the person and his or her circumstances and, as a result, life is a drama that exists between necessity and freedom.
2872:", "Adán en el Paraíso" – "Adam in Paradise", "La pedagogía social como programa político" – "Pedagogy as a political program", "Problemas culturales" – "Cultural problems", etc., published 1916)
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For Ortega y Gasset, vital reason is also "historical reason", for individuals and societies are not detached from their past. In order to understand a reality we must understand, as
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in 1923, remaining its director until 1936. This publication promoted translation of (and commentary upon) the most important figures and tendencies in philosophy, including
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2510:), a theory that based knowledge in the radical reality of life, one of whose essential components is reason itself. This system of thought, which he introduces in
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2514:, escaped from Nietzsche's vitalism in which life responded to impulses; for Ortega, reason is crucial to create and develop the above-mentioned project of life.
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638:("The Grouping at the Service of the Republic"), which supported the platform of Socialist Republican candidates, but he soon abandoned politics, disappointed.
376:; 9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between
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2448:' is insufficient to explain reality. Therefore, the Spanish philosopher proposes a system wherein the basic or "radical" reality is "my life" (the first
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2502:, "reason with life as its foundation") to refer to a new type of reason that constantly defends the life from which it has surged and "ratiovitalism" (
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variant, declaring that "nineteenth-century capitalism has demoralized humanity" and that it had "impoverished the ethical consciousness of man."
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2783:) was a group of philosophers, the members of which were students of Ortega y Gasset, who share an intellectual tradition of arguing against
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2013:
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2713:) has been translated into English twice. The first, in 1932, is by a translator who wanted to remain anonymous, generally accepted to be
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In a manner similar to Mill, Ortega was open-minded toward certain socialists and non-Marxist forms of socialism, and even complimented
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regime, stating that the government did not deserve anyone's confidence and that his beliefs were "incompatible with Franco."
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José Ortega y Gasset called
Dilthey "the most important philosopher in the second half of the nineteenth century" in his
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3327:(1972, 1995) translated into English by Howard B. Westcott. Original art by Eldridge Hardie. Wilderness Adventure Press.
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3474:- An Introduction to the Politics and Philosophy of José Ortega y Gasset (Cambridge Iberian and Latin American Studies)
3032:, course given 1933–34; portions were published in 1942 under the title "Esquema de las crisis" – "Outline of crises";
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Graham 1994 p. 159: "Since 1923 Ortega had probably written (at least edited) anonymous articles for Espasa-Calpe on
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2725:& Co. This translation was by Anthony Kerrigan (translator) and Kenneth Moore (editor), with an introduction by
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Enkvist, Inger (2002). "José Ortega y Gasset – The
Spanish philosopher who saw life as an intellectual adventure".
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3813:"The Democratic Challenge Designed for the Spanish Intellectuals in the Political Thought of José Ortega y Gasset"
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Human Life Is
Radical Reality: An Idea Developed from the Conceptions of Dilthey, Heidegger, and Ortega y Gasset
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Ortega y Gasset, José. Obras
Completas, Vol. I. Ed. Taurus/Fundación José Ortega y Gasset, Madrid, 2004, p. 757.
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The Social
Thought of Ortega y Gasset: A Systematic Synthesis in Postmodernism and Interdisciplinarity
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487:) (1898–1904), receiving a doctorate in Philosophy. From 1905 to 1907, he continued his studies in
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as referenced by the
Project Gutenberg eBook of U.S. Copyright Renewals, 1960 January – June.
483:(1897–98) and the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the Central University of Madrid (now
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With a philosophical system that centered around life, Ortega y Gasset also stepped out of
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universe. Ortega y Gasset proposes that philosophy must overcome the limitations of both
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Jose Ortega y Gasset's Metaphysical Innovation: A Critique and Overcoming of Idealism
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Rectificación de la República; La redención de las provincias y la decencia nacional
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A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
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Human Existence as Radical Reality: Ortega y Gasset's Philosophy of Subjectivity
3535:
3462:- The Imperative of Modernity: An Intellectual Biography of José Ortega y Gasset
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is Ortega's best known work. In this book he defends the values of meritocratic
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Fitzsimons, David; Harper, Jim (2008). "Ortega y Gasset, José (1883–1955)". In
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Rectification of the Republic: Redemption of the provinces and national decency
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is the translator (into English) of the main body of Ortega's work, including
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3113:
2477:
2098:
1300:
820:
650:
496:
274:
3866:
472:
3393:
The Dehumanization of Art and Other Essays on Art, Culture, and Literature
2400:
as a "lay saint". Under the influence of German social democrats, such as
8375:
7954:
7691:
7284:
7249:
7223:
7203:
7156:
6967:
6922:
6806:
6710:
6700:
6665:
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6456:
5932:
5658:
5628:
5587:
5582:
5348:
5323:
5091:
4825:
4775:
4755:
4620:
3480:- Human Existence as Radical Reality: Ortega's Philosophy of Subjectivity
3271:, published 1962, brings together a series of lectures given in Germany,
3108:
Teoría de Andalucía y otros ensayos – Guillermo Dilthey y la idea de vida
2426:
2236:
2209:
2113:
1904:
1155:
998:
658:
330:
270:
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7181:
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5338:
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4795:
4765:
4327:
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2487:
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and asserted "I live therefore I think". This stood at the root of his
1345:
951:
885:
634:, he was the leader of a parliamentary group of intellectuals known as
508:
500:
492:
488:
322:
31:
4081:
An Introduction to the Politics and Philosophy of José Ortega y Gasset
3924:
An Introduction to the Politics and Philosophy of José Ortega Y Gasset
3909:
An Introduction to the Politics and Philosophy of José Ortega Y Gasset
3779:
An Introduction to the Politics and Philosophy of José Ortega Y Gasset
3757:
An Introduction to the Politics and Philosophy of José Ortega Y Gasset
3382:
The Idea of Principle in Leibniz and the Evolution of Deductive Theory
2753:
The Idea of Principle in Leibniz and the Evolution of Deductive Theory
2699:
has recognized Ortega y Gasset as a source of inspiration for his own
559:, where he published, as a series of essays, his two principal works:
546:
at Complutense University of Madrid, a vacant seat previously held by
538:
at the Escuela Superior del Magisterio de Madrid. In 1910, he married
7161:
6962:
6750:
6725:
6715:
6685:
6670:
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5567:
5537:
5389:
5301:
5232:
4837:
4815:
4745:
4723:
4019:
Theory of History in Ortega y Gasset: "The Dawn of Historical Reason"
3677:(Winter 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
3213:
3208:
3172:
La Idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva
3133:
3055:
3054:. Ortega himself prevented its publication "because of the events of
3004:
1015:
654:
542:, a Spanish translator and feminist, and was named full professor of
535:
504:
480:
464:
451:
326:
184:
5182:
4152:
A Bibliography of Works in English By and About José Ortega y Gasset
3492:- Ortega's 'The Revolt of the Masses' and the Triumph of the New Man
3405:
History as a System and Other Essays Toward a Philosophy of History
8509:
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
7191:
6680:
6615:
5577:
5572:
5552:
5360:
4610:
4167:
4129:
4055:
Ortega's 'The Revolt of the Masses' and the Triumph of the New Man
3280:
3224:. Published 1960 together with other previously unpublished works.
3217:
2815:, a group of poets that arose in Spanish literature in the 1920s.
531:
3279:
in the period 1951–1954, published together with a commentary on
7186:
6610:
5562:
4831:
4805:
6559:
5186:
4210:
4156:
3486:- Fragments: Essays in Subjectivity, Individuality and Autonomy
3190:
Una interpretación de la historia universal. En torno a Toynbee
2429:(in which reality centers around the ego) and ancient-medieval
2412:
ontology and could be critical of capitalism, particularly the
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6650:
4800:
577:). The latter made him internationally famous. He founded the
526:
On his return to Spain in 1908, he was appointed professor of
44:
4206:
2811:
Ortega y Gasset had considerable influence on writers of the
3084:
Self-absorption and alteration. Meditation on the technique
2437:, 1914) which he always put at the core of his philosophy.
2688:
German grape breeder Hans Breider named the grape variety
3058:
in 1934". It was finally published, in Spanish, in 1958.)
2538:
Among those strongly influenced by Ortega y Gasset were
3080:
Ensimismamiento y alteración. Meditación de la técnica
6332:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
5017:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
3150:, created as preface to a book on the hunt by Count
8283:
8052:
7700:
7433:
7313:
7232:
7144:
7135:
7001:
6835:
6764:
6593:
6444:
6273:
5941:
5733:
5682:
5611:
5525:
5518:
5458:
5220:
5069:
4918:
4691:
4398:
4310:
4244:
3651:
3649:
2920:
The dehumanization of art and Ideas about the novel
2916:
La deshumanización del arte e Ideas sobre la novela
1644:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
336:
316:
252:
242:
232:
214:
195:
170:
151:
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4010:A Pragmatist Philosophy of Life in Ortega y Gasset
3641:A Pragmatist Philosophy of Life in Ortega y Gasset
3072:, 1941, adds an essay "El Imperio romano" – "The
2955:1928–1929, course published posthumously in 1957)
553:In 1917 he became a contributor to the newspaper
3961:, reprint, New York: New American Library, p. 4.
3468:- The Philosophy of Ortega y Gasset Reevaluated
3168:num. 62 contained the version given in Madrid.)
396:" that "comprised a long-hidden beginning in a
38: and the second or maternal family name is
4194:Newspaper clippings about José Ortega y Gasset
2717:. The second translation was published by the
2393:is widely regarded as a conservative classic.
6571:
5198:
4222:
3926:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–55.
3911:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–47.
3781:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–72.
2858:, course given 1915–16 and published in 1982)
2337:
1669:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1639:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
8:
7077:
5440:
5394:
5380:
4947:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
3244:published parts of this translation in 1952)
450:José Ortega y Gasset was born 9 May 1883 in
16:Spanish philosopher and essayist (1883–1955)
7013:
3986:, Routledge, 2013, p. 328: "Madrid School".
3449:, 2014 (International Library of Sociology)
3194:An interpretation of universal history. On
3162:The idea of theatre. An abbreviated version
454:. His father was director of the newspaper
7141:
6578:
6564:
6556:
5522:
5205:
5191:
5183:
4229:
4215:
4207:
3737:Philosophy Professor: Jose Ortega Y Gasset
3050:, prologue to the third German edition of
2868:, articles and essays written 1904–1912: "
2344:
2330:
673:
159:
148:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3759:. Cambridge University Press. p. 38.
2440:For Ortega y Gasset, as for Husserl, the
1674:International Federation of Liberal Youth
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For other people with similar names, see
3036:'s translation was published in 1958 as
8494:Complutense University of Madrid alumni
8161:Reflections on the Revolution in France
4184:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3675:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3643:. University of Missouri Press, p. vii.
3613:Mill he adopted his libertarian ideas."
3580:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3546:
3265:Pasado y porvenir para el hombre actual
3094:Ideas and beliefs: on historical reason
3019:, course given 1932–33, published 1966)
1654:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
685:
511:. At Marburg, he was influenced by the
3695:Agrupación al Servicio de la República
3570:
3388:An Interpretation of Universal History
2757:An Interpretation of Universal History
636:Agrupación al Servicio de la República
4031:, University of Missouri Press. 2001.
4022:, University of Missouri Press, 1997.
4013:, University of Missouri Press, 1994.
3978:
3976:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
2452:), which consists of "I" (the second
641:Leaving Spain at the outbreak of the
469:St. Stanislaus Kostka College, Málaga
371:
7:
3603:, William B. Eerdmans, 2002, p. 82).
73:adding citations to reliable sources
8271:The End of History and the Last Man
8181:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3922:Dobson, Andrew (19 November 2009).
3907:Dobson, Andrew (19 November 2009).
3777:Dobson, Andrew (19 November 2009).
3755:Dobson, Andrew (19 November 2009).
3717:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3601:Worldview: The History of a Concept
3269:Past and future for present-day man
1694:Liberal South East European Network
630:in the constituent assembly of the
4095:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
3957:José Ortega y Gasset (1930/1950),
3399:On Love: Aspects of a Single Theme
3136:, 1944, published 1979 along with
2807:Influence on the Generation of '27
2378:Ortega's rejection of the Spanish
434:, which has been compared to both
14:
8484:20th-century Spanish philosophers
8479:20th-century Spanish male writers
3309:Origin and epilogue of philosophy
3148:Preface to a treatise on the Hunt
1684:Liberal Network for Latin America
1117:(contributions to liberal theory)
463:Ortega was first schooled by the
8604:Spanish male non-fiction writers
8241:The Open Society and Its Enemies
6402:The Closing of the American Mind
6322:Civilization and Its Discontents
6302:A Vindication of Natural Society
5165:
4084:, Oxford University Press, 2009.
3503:
3305:Origen y epílogo de la filosofía
3166:La Revista Nacional de educación
3158:Idea del teatro. Una abreviatura
3144:Prólogo a un Tratado de Montería
2882:, 8 volumes published 1916–1934)
2311:
2299:
693:
485:Complutense University of Madrid
223:Complutense University of Madrid
49:
7048:Family as a model for the state
3865:Söderbaum, Jakob E:son (2020).
335:
60:needs additional citations for
8609:Spanish political philosophers
8398:Separation of church and state
8296:Collectivism and individualism
8251:The Origins of Totalitarianism
4168:Fundación José Ortega y Gasset
4157:Fundación José Ortega y Gasset
3984:Dictionary of World Philosophy
3871:. Recito Förlag. p. 244.
3248:Papeles sobre Velázquez y Goya
3068:in 1935. the Spanish version,
2719:University of Notre Dame Press
2420:"Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia"
1058:Separation of church and state
422:, which served both his proto-
1:
8438:Category:Political philosophy
8311:Critique of political economy
6292:Oration on the Dignity of Man
3673:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
2721:in 1985, in association with
2375:a politics of "magnanimity."
645:, he spent years of exile in
475:(1891–1897). He attended the
392:has been characterized as a "
373:[xoˈseoɾˈteɣajɣaˈset]
8489:20th-century Spanish writers
8336:Institutional discrimination
8331:History of political thought
7063:Negative and positive rights
6362:The Society of the Spectacle
5077:Aestheticization of politics
3829:10.1080/01916599.2011.646687
3435:Psychological Investigations
3100:, published 1979 along with
3013:Unas lecciones de metafísica
2856:Psychological investigations
2852:Investigaciones psicológicas
2384:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
350:"I am I and my circumstance"
30:, the first or paternal
8624:University of Deusto alumni
8346:Justification for the state
8131:Two Treatises of Government
4198:20th Century Press Archives
3998:Antonio Rodríguez Huéscar.
3454:Books about Ortega y Gasset
3376:Some Lessons in Metaphysics
3344:Translated books in English
3222:De Europa meditatio quaedam
3017:Some lessons in metaphysics
2749:Some Lessons in Metaphysics
8650:
8564:Philosophers of technology
7016:Bellum omnium contra omnes
4112:10.4135/9781412965811.n223
4058:, Algora Publishing, 2007.
3811:Rabi, Lior (1 June 2012).
3199:, 1948, published in 1960)
3096:, a course taught in 1940
2526:pointed out, its history.
25:
18:
8634:Spanish magazine founders
8614:Spanish political writers
8433:
6540:
6432:Intellectuals and Society
6382:The Culture of Narcissism
5145:
4068:, Donostia: Elkar, 2006.
3946:Wein-Plus Glossar: Ortega
3817:History of European Ideas
3742:16 September 2007 at the
3447:Mission of the University
3176:The Idea of principle in
3052:El tema de nuestro tiempo
2896:El tema de nuestro tiempo
2695:The American philosopher
2658:Vicente Ferreira da Silva
2624:José Luis López-Aranguren
2456:) and "my circumstance" (
2281:Sexually liberal feminism
2188:Bias in American academia
1659:European Democratic Party
1115:List of liberal theorists
358:
283:Existential phenomenology
228:
158:
8599:Spanish literary critics
8574:Spanish anti-capitalists
8221:The Revolt of the Masses
6422:The Malaise of Modernity
6372:The History of Sexuality
5471:Catholic social teaching
3959:The Revolt of the Masses
3794:CFE Working Paper Series
3639:Graham, John T. (1994).
3520:The Revolt of the Masses
3429:The Origin of Philosophy
3350:The Revolt of the Masses
3126:Sobre la razón histórica
3102:Sobre la razón histórica
2983:The Revolt of the Masses
2978:La rebelión de las masas
2930:The spirit of the letter
2829:Meditaciones del Quijote
2711:The Revolt of the Masses
2707:La rebelión de las masas
2701:object-oriented ontology
2678:The Revolt of the Masses
2435:Meditaciones del Quijote
2390:The Revolt of the Masses
2363:The Revolt of the Masses
940:Labor theory of property
574:The Revolt of the Masses
569:La rebelión de las masas
8579:Spanish anti-communists
8559:Philosophers of science
8549:Philosophers of history
8544:Philosophers of culture
8201:The Communist Manifesto
7127:Tyranny of the majority
7038:Consent of the governed
6502:Philosophy of education
5097:Evolutionary aesthetics
5047:The Aesthetic Dimension
4186:(Summer 2011 Edition),
4064:: "Ortega y Gasset" in
3948:, accessed 6 March 2013
3669:Holmes, Oliver (2017),
3582:(Summer 2011 Edition),
3419:, 1963 (Norton Library)
3413:, 1962 (Norton Library)
3186:, 1947, published 1958)
1649:Arab Liberal Federation
839:Consent of the governed
657:in 1942. He settled in
632:Second Spanish Republic
626:Elected deputy for the
237:20th-century philosophy
165:Ortega y Gasset in 1948
8474:20th-century essayists
7078:
7028:Clash of civilizations
7014:
5441:
5395:
5381:
5027:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
4977:Lectures on Aesthetics
4180:"José Ortega y Gasset"
4049:, Paragon House, 2005.
3713:"José Ortega y Gasset"
3671:"José Ortega y Gasset"
3576:"José Ortega y Gasset"
3531:Criticism of democracy
3423:Meditations on Hunting
3395:, 1925, Princeton 2019
3325:Meditations on hunting
2936:Mirabeau o el político
2862:Personas, obras, cosas
2842:Vieja y nueva política
2780:
2675:, based on a quote in
2507:
2499:
1664:European Liberal Youth
1634:Africa Liberal Network
859:Economic globalization
259:Continental philosophy
84:"José Ortega y Gasset"
8584:Spanish anti-fascists
7043:Divine right of kings
6507:Philosophy of history
6497:Philosophy of culture
6392:A Conflict of Visions
5172:Philosophy portal
4098:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
4052:Pedro Blas Gonzalez.
4043:Pedro Blas Gonzalez.
3180:and the evolution of
3070:Historia como sistema
3044:Prólogo para alemanes
2967:¿Qué es conocimiento?
2866:People, works, things
2544:Manuel García Morente
2306:Liberalism portal
2178:Anti-authoritarianism
1679:Liberal International
653:until moving back to
540:Rosa Spottorno Topete
407:, and with a general
8554:Philosophers of mind
8459:José Ortega y Gasset
8191:Democracy in America
7570:political philosophy
7553:political philosophy
7368:political philosophy
7197:political philosophy
7107:Separation of powers
7068:Night-watchman state
7053:Monopoly on violence
6587:Political philosophy
6512:Political philosophy
6312:Democracy in America
5117:Philosophy of design
4997:In Praise of Shadows
4987:The Critic as Artist
3526:Nicolás Gómez Dávila
3228:El hombre y la gente
3212:), lecture given in
3203:Meditación de Europa
3130:On historical reason
3120:and the idea of life
3048:Prologue for Germans
2926:Espíritu de la letra
2846:Old and new politics
2398:Pablo Iglesias Posse
1110:Age of Enlightenment
1063:Separation of powers
580:Revista de Occidente
477:University of Deusto
430:'s) and his realist
365:José Ortega y Gasset
219:University of Deusto
153:José Ortega y Gasset
69:improve this article
8569:Social philosophers
8539:Philosophers of art
8519:Metaphysics writers
8381:Right-wing politics
8261:A Theory of Justice
8231:The Road to Serfdom
8151:The Social Contract
6858:Christian democracy
6352:One-Dimensional Man
5127:Philosophy of music
5102:Mathematical beauty
4106:. pp. 365–66.
4040:, Peter Lang, 2004.
4004:, SUNY Press, 1995.
3868:Modern konservatism
3597:Concord and Liberty
3490:Pedro Blas González
3484:Pedro Blas González
3478:Pedro Blas González
3370:What is Philosophy?
3315:La caza y los toros
3062:History as a System
3000:Goethe desde dentro
2953:What is philosophy?
2886:España invertebrada
2791:. Members included
2745:What is Philosophy?
2620:Pedro Laín Entralgo
2318:Politics portal
1021:Civil and political
994:Popular sovereignty
854:Economic liberalism
561:España invertebrada
8619:Spanish socialists
8529:People from Madrid
8393:Political violence
8388:Political theology
8371:Left-wing politics
8366:Political spectrum
6472:Cultural pessimism
6467:Cultural criticism
5366:National character
5122:Philosophy of film
5112:Patterns in nature
5082:Applied aesthetics
5057:Why Beauty Matters
4843:Life imitating art
4704:Art for art's sake
4066:Espainiaren arimaz
4034:Howard N. Tuttle.
3982:A. Pablo Iannone,
3599:(David K. Naugle,
3365:What is Knowledge?
3355:Invertebrate Spain
3132:, course given in
3116:and other essays:
3023:En torno a Galileo
2971:What is knowledge?
2949:¿Qué es filosofía?
2890:Invertebrate Spain
2737:Invertebrate Spain
2666:Félix Martí-Ibáñez
2380:Conservative Party
989:Permissive society
969:Limited government
565:Invertebrate Spain
394:philosophy of life
293:philosophy of life
247:Western philosophy
8594:Spanish essayists
8446:
8445:
8356:Philosophy of law
8301:Conflict theories
8141:The Spirit of Law
8048:
8047:
7097:Original position
6553:
6552:
6269:
6268:
5414:Spontaneous order
5404:Social alienation
5253:Cultural heritage
5214:Social philosophy
5180:
5179:
5132:Psychology of art
5007:Art as Experience
4121:978-1-4129-6580-4
3878:978-91-7765-497-1
3657:Datos biográficos
3511:Philosophy portal
3441:Historical Reason
3319:Hunting and bulls
3216:in 1949 with the
3090:Ideas y creencias
3064:(First published
2943:or the politician
2813:Generation of '27
2781:Escuela de Madrid
2673:Ortega hypothesis
2647:Paulino Garagorri
2616:Máximo Etchecopar
2570:Ignacio Ellacuría
2518:Historical reason
2512:History as System
2354:
2353:
2193:Bias in the media
1709:Regional variants
1026:Natural and legal
617:Alexander Pfänder
601:Jakob von Uexküll
362:
361:
353:Ortega hypothesis
348:Historical reason
288:Lebensphilosophie
145:
144:
137:
119:
8641:
8534:Phenomenologists
8361:Political ethics
8351:Machiavellianism
8291:Authoritarianism
8276:
8266:
8256:
8246:
8236:
8226:
8216:
8206:
8196:
8186:
8176:
8166:
8156:
8146:
8136:
8126:
8116:
8106:
8096:
8086:
8076:
8066:
7142:
7083:
7019:
7009:Balance of power
6983:Social democracy
6978:Social Darwinism
6953:Multiculturalism
6898:Environmentalism
6873:Communitarianism
6580:
6573:
6566:
6557:
6517:Social criticism
6437:
6427:
6417:
6407:
6397:
6387:
6377:
6367:
6357:
6347:
6337:
6327:
6317:
6307:
6297:
6287:
5523:
5505:Frankfurt School
5483:Communitarianism
5446:
5400:
5386:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5184:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5062:
5052:
5042:
5032:
5022:
5012:
5002:
4992:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4952:
4942:
4932:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4178:Holmes, Oliver,
4175:
4164:
4141:
4025:John T. Graham.
4016:John T. Graham.
4007:John T. Graham.
3987:
3980:
3971:
3968:
3962:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3934:
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3734:
3728:
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3725:
3723:
3711:Holmes, Oliver.
3708:
3702:
3701:31 October 2009.
3692:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3644:
3637:
3631:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3593:
3587:
3574:Holmes, Oliver,
3572:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3238:published 1957;
3220:-language title
3138:Ideas y Crencias
2900:The Modern Theme
2806:
2773:School of Madrid
2655:
2632:
2613:
2594:
2563:
2552:
2458:mi circunstancia
2372:John Stuart Mill
2346:
2339:
2332:
2316:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2222:Economic freedom
2215:Radical centrism
1053:Secular humanism
979:Natural monopoly
930:Internationalism
747:Internationalist
697:
674:
628:Province of León
621:Bertrand Russell
615:, Ernst Müller,
548:Nicolás Salmerón
523:, among others.
428:Martin Heidegger
375:
370:
202:
180:
178:
163:
149:
140:
133:
129:
126:
120:
118:
77:
53:
45:
8649:
8648:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8589:Spanish editors
8504:Existentialists
8499:Epistemologists
8449:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8429:
8418:Totalitarianism
8279:
8274:
8264:
8254:
8244:
8234:
8224:
8214:
8204:
8194:
8184:
8174:
8164:
8154:
8144:
8134:
8124:
8114:
8104:
8094:
8091:Treatise on Law
8084:
8074:
8064:
8044:
7702:
7696:
7435:
7429:
7315:
7309:
7228:
7131:
7117:State of nature
7112:Social contract
7092:Ordered liberty
7080:Noblesse oblige
6997:
6831:
6760:
6589:
6584:
6554:
6549:
6536:
6462:Critical theory
6440:
6435:
6425:
6415:
6405:
6395:
6385:
6375:
6365:
6355:
6345:
6335:
6325:
6315:
6305:
6295:
6285:
6265:
5943:
5937:
5735:
5729:
5678:
5607:
5514:
5466:Budapest School
5454:
5243:Cosmopolitanism
5216:
5211:
5181:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5141:
5065:
5060:
5050:
5040:
5037:Critical Essays
5030:
5020:
5010:
5000:
4990:
4980:
4970:
4960:
4950:
4940:
4930:
4914:
4687:
4601:Ortega y Gasset
4394:
4306:
4240:
4235:
4188:Edward N. Zalta
4173:
4162:
4148:
4122:
4087:
4078:Andrew Dobson.
3995:
3990:
3981:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3879:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3775:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3744:Wayback Machine
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3680:
3678:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3634:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3594:
3590:
3584:Edward N. Zalta
3573:
3548:
3544:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3456:
3346:
3341:
3241:Partisan Review
3154:published 1944)
3118:Wilhelm Dilthey
2833:Meditations on
2821:
2809:
2765:
2649:
2643:Pierre Bourdieu
2626:
2607:
2597:Francisco Ayala
2588:
2557:
2546:
2532:
2520:
2483:cogito ergo sum
2474:
2446:cogito ergo sum
2422:
2408:, he adopted a
2370:reminiscent of
2359:
2350:
2310:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2173:
2165:
2164:
1967:North Macedonia
1711:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1689:Liberal parties
1627:
1619:
1618:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1090:State of nature
1078:Social services
1068:Social contract
1031:To own property
834:
826:
825:
705:
672:
605:Heinz Heimsoeth
585:Oswald Spengler
507:and, above all
448:
440:Benedetto Croce
436:Wilhelm Dilthey
368:
351:
349:
347:
339:
319:
309:
305:
301:
296:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
221:
215:Alma mater
210:
204:
200:
199:18 October 1955
191:
182:
176:
174:
166:
154:
141:
130:
124:
121:
78:
76:
66:
54:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8647:
8645:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8514:Metaphysicians
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8451:
8450:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8408:Social justice
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8316:Egalitarianism
8313:
8308:
8306:Contractualism
8303:
8298:
8293:
8287:
8285:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8267:
8257:
8247:
8237:
8227:
8217:
8207:
8197:
8187:
8177:
8167:
8157:
8147:
8137:
8127:
8117:
8107:
8097:
8087:
8077:
8067:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7706:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7572:
7562:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7439:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7148:
7146:
7139:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7102:Overton window
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6933:Libertarianism
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6560:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6522:Social science
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6428:
6418:
6412:Gender Trouble
6408:
6398:
6388:
6378:
6368:
6358:
6348:
6342:The Second Sex
6338:
6328:
6318:
6308:
6298:
6288:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5392:
5387:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5334:Invisible hand
5331:
5326:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:Neuroesthetics
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5087:Arts criticism
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5053:
5043:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5003:
4993:
4983:
4973:
4963:
4957:On the Sublime
4953:
4943:
4933:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4828:
4823:
4821:Interpretation
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4716:
4714:Artistic merit
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:Psychoanalysis
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4191:
4176:
4165:
4154:
4147:
4146:External links
4144:
4143:
4142:
4120:
4104:Cato Institute
4090:Hamowy, Ronald
4085:
4076:
4062:Joxe Azurmendi
4059:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3972:
3963:
3950:
3938:
3929:
3914:
3899:
3877:
3857:
3823:(2): 266–287.
3803:
3784:
3762:
3747:
3729:
3703:
3687:
3661:
3645:
3632:
3626:, Peirce, and
3615:
3605:
3588:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3466:Carlos Morujão
3463:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3417:Man and People
3414:
3411:Man and Crisis
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3362:
3360:Man and Crisis
3357:
3352:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3312:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3262:
3245:
3236:Man and People
3232:Man and people
3225:
3207:Meditation on
3200:
3187:
3169:
3155:
3141:
3123:
3112:The theory of
3105:
3087:
3077:
3059:
3041:
3038:Man and Crisis
3020:
3010:
2997:
2987:
2975:
2964:
2956:
2946:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2910:The Atlantises
2906:Las Atlántidas
2903:
2893:
2883:
2873:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2820:
2817:
2808:
2805:
2764:
2761:
2741:Man and Crisis
2692:in his honor.
2605:Agustín Basave
2601:María Zambrano
2586:Manuel Granell
2531:
2528:
2519:
2516:
2508:raciovitalismo
2473:
2470:
2421:
2418:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:Utilitarianism
2283:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2259:Libertarianism
2256:
2254:Land value tax
2251:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Egalitarianism
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:Anti-communism
2180:
2174:
2172:Related topics
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2126:Arizona School
2118:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2094:United Kingdom
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Wollstonecraft
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1073:Social justice
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Market economy
971:
966:
965:
964:
959:
949:
942:
937:
935:Invisible hand
932:
927:
925:Harm principle
922:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
904:
903:
898:
883:
878:
877:
876:
871:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
802:
801:
796:
791:
790:
789:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
738:
737:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
690:
689:
683:
682:
671:
668:
609:Franz Brentano
593:Edmund Husserl
589:Johan Huizinga
513:neo-Kantianism
447:
444:
424:existentialism
420:Edmund Husserl
360:
359:
356:
355:
342:Vital reason (
340:
337:
334:
333:
320:
318:Main interests
317:
314:
313:
298:Neo-Kantianism
279:Existentialism
256:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
226:
225:
216:
212:
211:
205:
203:(aged 72)
197:
193:
192:
183:
172:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
152:
143:
142:
57:
55:
48:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8646:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8432:
8426:
8425:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8341:Jurisprudence
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8282:
8273:
8272:
8268:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8253:
8252:
8248:
8243:
8242:
8238:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8223:
8222:
8218:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8193:
8192:
8188:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8173:
8172:
8171:Rights of Man
8168:
8163:
8162:
8158:
8153:
8152:
8148:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8113:
8112:
8108:
8103:
8102:
8098:
8093:
8092:
8088:
8083:
8082:
8081:De re publica
8078:
8073:
8072:
8068:
8063:
8062:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7701:20th and 21st
7699:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7434:18th and 19th
7432:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7312:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7290:Nizam al-Mulk
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7134:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6973:Republicanism
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6581:
6576:
6574:
6569:
6567:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:Social theory
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:Radhakrishnan
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5942:20th and 21st
5940:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5734:18th and 19th
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5138:
5137:Theory of art
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5044:
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4929:
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4927:Hippias Major
4924:
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4911:
4908:
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4786:Entertainment
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4709:Art manifesto
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4699:Appropriation
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4591:Merleau-Ponty
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4406:Abhinavagupta
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4358:Postmodernism
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4074:84-9783-402-X
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3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:Andrew Dobson
3470:
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3461:
3460:Rockwell Gray
3458:
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3333:1-885106-18-1
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3034:Mildred Adams
3031:
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2880:The Spectator
2877:
2876:El Espectador
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2804:
2802:
2801:Xavier Zubiri
2798:
2797:Julián Marías
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2769:Madrid School
2763:Madrid School
2762:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:Mildred Adams
2730:
2728:
2724:
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2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:Graham Harman
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:Vilém Flusser
2659:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:Julián Marías
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2582:Luis Recasens
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:Xavier Zubiri
2561:
2556:
2555:Joaquín Xirau
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:perspectivism
2489:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2472:Ratiovitalism
2471:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:circunstancia
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2414:laissez-faire
2411:
2410:communitarian
2407:
2406:Hermann Cohen
2403:
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2242:Individualism
2240:
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2129:
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2121:United States
2119:
2115:
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2110:
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2105:
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1721:Latin America
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1626:Organizations
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1199:
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1189:
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1179:
1177:
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1124:
1116:
1113:
1111:
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1098:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:Welfare state
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1069:
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1059:
1056:
1054:
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1022:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
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977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
948:
947:
946:Laissez-faire
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
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914:
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558:
557:
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541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
517:Hermann Cohen
514:
510:
506:
502:
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494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
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470:
466:
461:
459:
458:
453:
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443:
441:
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429:
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421:
417:
416:phenomenology
414:
410:
406:
405:William James
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:republicanism
379:
374:
366:
357:
354:
345:
344:ratiovitalism
341:
338:Notable ideas
332:
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321:
315:
312:
308:
304:
303:Madrid School
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294:
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264:
263:Perspectivism
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86: –
85:
81:
80:Find sources:
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63:
58:This article
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37:
33:
29:
22:
8422:
8321:Elite theory
8269:
8259:
8249:
8239:
8229:
8219:
8209:
8199:
8189:
8179:
8169:
8159:
8149:
8139:
8129:
8119:
8109:
8099:
8089:
8079:
8069:
8059:
7934:
7358:Guicciardini
7314:Early modern
7137:Philosophers
7087:Open society
7023:Body politic
6893:Distributism
6883:Conservatism
6878:Confucianism
6797:Gerontocracy
6787:Dictatorship
6741:Sovereignty
6731:Ruling class
6621:Emancipation
6606:Citizenship
6430:
6420:
6410:
6400:
6390:
6380:
6370:
6360:
6350:
6340:
6330:
6320:
6310:
6300:
6290:
6280:
6165:
5700:Guicciardini
5683:Early modern
5519:Philosophers
5493:Conservatism
5488:Confucianism
5476:Distributism
5409:Social norms
5397:Sittlichkeit
5383:Ressentiment
5329:Institutions
5307:Human nature
5055:
5045:
5035:
5005:
4995:
4975:
4965:
4955:
4945:
4935:
4925:
4872:
4848:Magnificence
4830:
4680:
4646:Schopenhauer
4600:
4481:Coomaraswamy
4399:Philosophers
4387:
4318:Aestheticism
4174:(in Spanish)
4170:
4163:(in Spanish)
4159:
4094:
4080:
4065:
4054:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4018:
4009:
4000:
3983:
3966:
3958:
3953:
3941:
3932:
3923:
3917:
3908:
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3867:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3820:
3816:
3806:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3778:
3756:
3750:
3732:
3722:11 September
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3690:
3679:, retrieved
3674:
3664:
3656:
3640:
3635:
3618:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3518:
3401:. 1957, 2012
3339:Bibliography
3324:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:Buenos Aires
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3074:Roman Empire
3069:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2945:, 1928–1929)
2939:
2935:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2810:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2687:
2676:
2670:
2574:Emilio Komar
2537:
2533:
2521:
2511:
2481:
2475:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2423:
2395:
2388:
2377:
2361:
2360:
2276:Pirate Party
2136:Jeffersonian
2044:South Africa
1534:Lloyd George
1325:
1129:Philosophers
1036:To bear arms
984:Open society
944:
715:Conservative
647:Buenos Aires
640:
635:
625:
613:Hans Driesch
597:Georg Simmel
578:
572:
568:
564:
560:
554:
552:
525:
462:
457:El Imparcial
455:
449:
403:inspired by
386:dictatorship
364:
363:
286:
201:(1955-10-18)
146:
131:
125:October 2020
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
39:
35:
28:Spanish name
8524:Ontologists
8469:1955 deaths
8464:1883 births
8195:(1835–1840)
8075:(c. 350 BC)
8065:(c. 375 BC)
7682:Tocqueville
7647:Saint-Simon
7612:Montesquieu
7463:Bolingbroke
7395:Machiavelli
7275:Ibn Khaldun
7240:Alpharabius
7233:Middle Ages
7058:Natural law
7033:Common good
6958:Nationalism
6918:Imperialism
6888:Corporatism
6863:Colonialism
6843:Agrarianism
6822:Technocracy
6802:Meritocracy
6782:Bureaucracy
6772:Aristocracy
6487:Historicism
6316:(1835–1840)
6282:De Officiis
6006:de Beauvoir
5976:Baudrillard
5928:Vivekananda
5918:Tocqueville
5833:Kierkegaard
5649:Ibn Khaldun
5619:Alpharabius
5510:Personalism
5419:Stewardship
5376:Reification
5371:Natural law
5292:Familialism
5258:Culturalism
4941:(c. 335 BC)
4931:(c. 390 BC)
4910:Work of art
4863:Picturesque
4719:Avant-garde
4676:Winckelmann
4551:Kierkegaard
4476:Collingwood
4446:Baudrillard
4373:Romanticism
4343:Historicism
4277:Mathematics
3536:Aristocracy
3273:Switzerland
3007:from within
2727:Saul Bellow
2723:W.W. Norton
2650: [
2639:John Lukacs
2627: [
2608: [
2589: [
2558: [
2547: [
2540:Luis Buñuel
2500:razón vital
2402:Paul Natorp
2104:Gladstonian
2064:Switzerland
2049:South Korea
1992:Philippines
1952:New Zealand
1947:Netherlands
1604:Verhofstadt
1599:Balcerowicz
1408:Politicians
1336:Collingwood
1276:Tocqueville
1151:Montesquieu
1043:Rule of law
844:Due process
544:Metaphysics
521:Paul Natorp
467:priests of
432:historicism
401:metaphysics
311:Noucentisme
21:José Ortega
8453:Categories
8403:Separatism
8211:On Liberty
8111:The Prince
7840:Huntington
7343:Campanella
7270:al-Ghazali
7219:Thucydides
7177:Lactantius
7122:Statolatry
6948:Monarchism
6928:Liberalism
6853:Capitalism
6836:Ideologies
6817:Plutocracy
6765:Government
6721:Revolution
6706:Propaganda
6656:Legitimacy
6631:Government
6492:Humanities
6452:Agnotology
6111:Kołakowski
5674:Ibn Tufayl
5654:Maimonides
5598:Thucydides
5593:Tertullian
5548:Lactantius
5443:Volksgeist
5424:Traditions
5238:Convention
4880:Recreation
4858:Perception
4751:Creativity
4451:Baumgarten
4441:Baudelaire
4323:Classicism
4238:Aesthetics
4130:2008009151
3993:References
3892:29 January
3887:1204173415
3850:29 January
3252:Papers on
3066:in English
2789:positivism
2785:naturalism
2715:J.R. Carey
2490:-inspired
2368:liberalism
2357:Liberalism
2232:Empiricism
2203:Democratic
2198:Capitalism
2109:Manchester
1942:Montenegro
1927:Luxembourg
1863:Venizelism
1793:Costa Rica
1048:Secularism
881:Federalism
833:Principles
725:Democratic
687:Liberalism
670:Philosophy
528:Philosophy
426:(prior to
418:imitating
398:pragmatist
390:philosophy
307:Liberalism
267:Pragmatism
181:9 May 1883
177:1883-05-09
95:newspapers
8629:Vitalists
8121:Leviathan
8101:Monarchia
8095:(c. 1274)
7930:Oakeshott
7875:Mansfield
7870:Luxemburg
7855:Kropotkin
7750:Bernstein
7703:centuries
7617:Nietzsche
7560:Jefferson
7488:Condorcet
7436:centuries
7415:Pufendorf
7280:Marsilius
7167:Confucius
7152:Aristotle
7145:Antiquity
7073:Noble lie
6993:Third Way
6988:Socialism
6913:Feudalism
6868:Communism
6848:Anarchism
6827:Theocracy
6812:Oligarchy
6792:Democracy
6777:Autocracy
6691:Pluralism
6676:Obedience
6641:Hierarchy
6601:Authority
6532:Sociology
6482:Historism
6191:Santayana
6161:Oakeshott
6131:MacIntyre
6116:Kropotkin
6091:Heidegger
5944:centuries
5858:Nietzsche
5823:Jefferson
5808:Helvétius
5773:Condorcet
5736:centuries
5720:Montaigne
5543:Confucius
5533:Augustine
5450:Worldview
5344:Modernity
5317:Formation
4885:Reverence
4791:Eroticism
4761:Depiction
4734:Masculine
4636:Santayana
4596:Nietzsche
4541:Hutcheson
4531:Heidegger
4516:Greenberg
4471:Coleridge
4436:Balthasar
4421:Aristotle
4383:Theosophy
4378:Symbolism
4353:Modernism
4338:Formalism
4171:Argentina
4138:750831024
3845:144535205
3837:0191-6599
3299:Velázquez
3286:Symposium
3254:Velázquez
3182:deductive
3114:Andalucia
2963:(1929–31)
2793:José Gaos
2578:José Gaos
2530:Influence
2478:Descartes
2442:Cartesian
2247:Anarchist
2155:Venezuela
2131:Classical
2099:Cobdenism
2002:Cracovian
1957:Nicaragua
1922:Lithuania
1781:Hong Kong
1736:Australia
1574:Roosevelt
1544:Ståhlberg
1539:Venizelos
1494:Sarmiento
1484:Gladstone
1444:Lamartine
1414:Jefferson
1266:Martineau
1216:De Gouges
1201:Condorcet
1186:Priestley
849:Democracy
821:Third Way
782:Christian
777:Religious
710:Classical
651:Argentina
643:Civil War
497:Nuremberg
446:Biography
275:Historism
8376:Centrism
8071:Politics
8061:Republic
8030:Voegelin
8010:Spengler
7995:Shariati
7970:Rothbard
7925:Nussbaum
7825:Habermas
7800:Fukuyama
7790:Foucault
7715:Ambedkar
7692:Voltaire
7662:de Staël
7637:Rousseau
7518:Franklin
7493:Constant
7453:Beccaria
7285:Muhammad
7265:Gelasius
7250:Averroes
7224:Xenophon
7204:Polybius
7157:Chanakya
7002:Concepts
6968:Populism
6938:Localism
6923:Islamism
6908:Feminism
6807:Monarchy
6711:Property
6701:Progress
6666:Monopoly
6636:Hegemony
6545:Category
6457:Axiology
6445:See also
6236:Voegelin
6226:Spengler
6201:Shariati
6156:Nussbaum
6141:Maritain
6101:Irigaray
6081:Habermas
6046:Foucault
6031:Durkheim
5933:Voltaire
5898:de Staël
5873:Rousseau
5798:Franklin
5659:Muhammad
5644:Gelasius
5629:Avempace
5612:Medieval
5588:Polybius
5583:Plutarch
5349:Morality
5324:Ideology
5312:Identity
5221:Concepts
5160:Category
5092:Axiology
4961:(c. 500)
4951:(c. 100)
4826:Judgment
4781:Emotions
4776:Elegance
4756:Cuteness
4729:Feminine
4692:Concepts
4661:Tanizaki
4641:Schiller
4626:Richards
4616:Rancière
4586:Maritain
4521:Hanslick
4461:Benjamin
4333:Feminism
4302:Theology
4282:Medieval
4272:Japanese
4267:Internet
3740:Archived
3699:Archived
3628:Schiller
3497:See also
3311:, 1960),
2941:Mirabeau
2460:). This
2427:idealism
2237:Humanism
2210:Centrism
2160:Zimbabwe
2114:Whiggism
2074:Thailand
2039:Slovenia
2034:Slovakia
2009:Portugal
1982:Paraguay
1905:Liberism
1870:Honduras
1788:Colombia
1761:Bulgaria
1554:Rathenau
1529:Milyukov
1449:Macaulay
1419:Kołłątaj
1391:Kymlicka
1371:Friedman
1316:Cassirer
1306:Hobhouse
1241:Constant
1236:Humboldt
1196:Beccaria
1161:Rousseau
1156:Voltaire
999:Property
962:Positive
957:Negative
913:Religion
891:Economic
864:Equality
787:Catholic
757:National
752:Muscular
730:Feminist
720:Cultural
679:a series
677:Part of
659:Portugal
378:monarchy
369:Spanish:
331:politics
271:Vitalism
206:Madrid,
26:In this
8413:Statism
8326:Elitism
8284:Related
8085:(51 BC)
8015:Strauss
7990:Scruton
7985:Schmitt
7975:Russell
7895:Michels
7890:Maurras
7885:Marcuse
7845:Kautsky
7815:Gramsci
7810:Gentile
7780:Dworkin
7770:Du Bois
7765:Dmowski
7760:Chomsky
7755:Burnham
7740:Benoist
7710:Agamben
7677:Thoreau
7667:Stirner
7657:Spencer
7602:Mazzini
7592:Maistre
7587:Madison
7582:Le Play
7513:Fourier
7478:Carlyle
7458:Bentham
7448:Bastiat
7443:Bakunin
7420:Spinoza
7410:Müntzer
7380:Leibniz
7353:Grotius
7333:Bossuet
7300:Plethon
7245:Aquinas
7214:Sun Tzu
7182:Mencius
7172:Han Fei
6943:Marxism
6903:Fascism
6736:Society
6661:Liberty
6646:Justice
6626:Freedom
6286:(44 BC)
6216:Sombart
6211:Skinner
6196:Scruton
6176:Polanyi
6151:Niebuhr
6136:Marcuse
6071:Gramsci
6066:Gentile
6026:Du Bois
6016:Deleuze
5986:Benoist
5956:Agamben
5913:Thoreau
5903:Stirner
5893:Spencer
5843:Le Play
5793:Fourier
5778:Emerson
5763:Carlyle
5748:Bentham
5725:Müntzer
5695:Erasmus
5669:Plethon
5664:Photios
5624:Aquinas
5558:Mencius
5526:Ancient
5459:Schools
5339:Loyalty
5297:History
5285:Counter
5280:Culture
5248:Customs
5155:Outline
5070:Related
4937:Poetics
4905:Tragedy
4895:Sublime
4868:Quality
4853:Mimesis
4811:Harmony
4796:Fashion
4771:Ecstasy
4766:Disgust
4682:more...
4651:Scruton
4576:Lyotard
4511:Goodman
4491:Deleuze
4426:Aquinas
4416:Alberti
4389:more...
4368:Realism
4348:Marxism
4328:Fascism
4311:Schools
4297:Science
4252:Ancient
4200:of the
4196:in the
4092:(ed.).
3321:, 1960)
3277:England
3261:, 1950)
3196:Toynbee
3178:Leibniz
3122:, 1942)
3086:, 1939)
3029:Galileo
3009:, 1932)
2996:, 1931)
2986:, 1930)
2974:Life?")
2922:, 1925)
2912:, 1924)
2902:, 1923)
2892:, 1921)
2848:, 1914)
2838:, 1914)
2835:Quixote
2777:Spanish
2683:science
2524:Dilthey
2504:Spanish
2496:Spanish
2488:Kantian
2431:realism
2150:Uruguay
2089:Ukraine
2079:Tunisia
2024:Senegal
2014:Romania
1962:Nigeria
1937:Moldova
1880:Iceland
1875:Hungary
1853:Germany
1848:Georgia
1838:Finland
1833:Estonia
1823:Ecuador
1818:Denmark
1813:Czechia
1798:Croatia
1751:Bolivia
1746:Belgium
1741:Austria
1731:Armenia
1726:Albania
1594:Jenkins
1589:Kennedy
1579:Pearson
1564:Einaudi
1549:Gokhale
1509:Itagaki
1504:Naoroji
1499:Mommsen
1479:Lincoln
1469:Mazzini
1454:Kossuth
1439:Broglie
1434:Bolívar
1429:Artigas
1424:Madison
1286:Spencer
1271:Emerson
1261:Bastiat
1246:Ricardo
1206:Bentham
1146:Spinoza
1103:History
1004:Private
952:Liberty
886:Freedom
806:Secular
794:Islamic
772:Radical
704:Schools
509:Marburg
501:Cologne
493:Leipzig
489:Germany
413:realist
411:from a
323:History
300:(early)
109:scholar
32:surname
8275:(1992)
8265:(1971)
8255:(1951)
8245:(1945)
8235:(1944)
8225:(1929)
8215:(1859)
8205:(1848)
8185:(1820)
8175:(1791)
8165:(1790)
8155:(1762)
8145:(1748)
8135:(1689)
8125:(1651)
8115:(1532)
8105:(1313)
8035:Walzer
8025:Taylor
7980:Sartre
7945:Popper
7940:Pareto
7935:Ortega
7920:Nozick
7910:Mouffe
7860:Laclau
7820:Guénon
7805:Gandhi
7745:Berlin
7735:Bauman
7730:Badiou
7720:Arendt
7687:Tucker
7577:Le Bon
7538:Herder
7528:Haller
7523:Godwin
7508:Fichte
7503:Engels
7498:Cortés
7468:Bonald
7425:Suárez
7400:Milton
7390:Luther
7363:Hobbes
7348:Filmer
7338:Calvin
7323:Boétie
7316:period
7295:Ockham
7162:Cicero
6963:Nazism
6751:Utopia
6726:Rights
6716:Regime
6686:People
6671:Nation
6477:Ethics
6436:(2010)
6426:(1991)
6416:(1990)
6406:(1987)
6396:(1987)
6386:(1979)
6376:(1976)
6366:(1967)
6356:(1964)
6346:(1949)
6336:(1935)
6326:(1930)
6306:(1756)
6296:(1486)
6241:Walzer
6231:Taylor
6221:Sowell
6206:Simmel
6171:Pareto
6166:Ortega
6076:Guénon
6061:Gehlen
6056:Gandhi
6011:Debord
5996:Butler
5991:Berlin
5981:Bauman
5971:Badiou
5961:Arendt
5951:Adorno
5883:Ruskin
5838:Le Bon
5813:Herder
5788:Fichte
5783:Engels
5753:Bonald
5743:Arnold
5715:Milton
5710:Luther
5690:Calvin
5568:Origen
5538:Cicero
5498:Social
5434:Family
5429:Values
5390:Rights
5354:Public
5302:Honour
5233:Anomie
5228:Agency
5061:(2009)
5051:(1977)
5041:(1946)
5031:(1939)
5021:(1935)
5011:(1934)
5001:(1933)
4991:(1891)
4981:(1835)
4971:(1757)
4838:Kitsch
4816:Humour
4746:Comedy
4724:Beauty
4666:Vasari
4656:Tagore
4631:Ruskin
4571:Lukács
4561:Langer
4506:Goethe
4431:Balázs
4411:Adorno
4292:Nature
4257:Africa
4190:(ed.).
4136:
4128:
4118:
4072:
3885:
3875:
3843:
3835:
3681:2 June
3586:(ed.).
3431:, 1968
3425:, 1972
3407:, 1962
3331:
3301:(1959)
3295:(1958)
3275:, and
3214:Berlin
3209:Europe
3184:theory
3134:Lisbon
3056:Munich
3027:About
3005:Goethe
2799:, and
2771:(also
2755:, and
2690:Ortega
2382:under
2143:Modern
2084:Turkey
2069:Taiwan
2059:Sweden
2029:Serbia
2019:Russia
1997:Poland
1977:Panama
1972:Norway
1932:Mexico
1917:Latvia
1895:Israel
1858:Greece
1843:France
1808:Cyprus
1766:Canada
1756:Brazil
1716:Europe
1614:Macron
1559:Madero
1524:Deakin
1514:Levski
1489:Cavour
1474:Juárez
1464:Cobden
1396:Badawi
1386:Nozick
1366:Berlin
1356:Popper
1331:Keynes
1326:Ortega
1291:Arnold
1251:Guizot
1211:Korais
1176:Turgot
1136:Milton
1016:Rights
1009:Public
918:Speech
896:Market
869:Gender
816:Techno
811:Social
799:Jewish
735:Equity
664:Franco
655:Europe
619:, and
567:) and
556:El Sol
536:Ethics
505:Berlin
481:Bilbao
473:Málaga
465:Jesuit
452:Madrid
409:method
388:. His
384:, and
327:reason
254:School
243:Region
185:Madrid
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
40:Gasset
36:Ortega
8424:Index
8053:Works
8040:Weber
8005:Spann
8000:Sorel
7965:Röpke
7960:Rawls
7915:Negri
7905:Mosca
7900:Mises
7865:Lenin
7835:Hoppe
7830:Hayek
7795:Fromm
7785:Evola
7775:Dugin
7672:Taine
7652:Smith
7632:Renan
7627:Paine
7548:Iqbal
7533:Hegel
7483:Comte
7473:Burke
7385:Locke
7375:James
7328:Bodin
7260:Dante
7255:Bruni
7209:Shang
7192:Plato
6746:State
6696:Power
6681:Peace
6616:Elite
6594:Terms
6274:Works
6261:Žižek
6246:Weber
6186:Röpke
6146:Negri
6126:Lasch
6096:Hoppe
6051:Fromm
6041:Evola
6021:Dewey
6001:Camus
5908:Taine
5888:Smith
5878:Royce
5868:Renan
5803:Hegel
5768:Comte
5758:Burke
5705:Locke
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5634:Bruni
5603:Xunzi
5578:Plato
5573:Philo
5553:Laozi
5361:Mores
5273:Multi
5263:Inter
5150:Index
4919:Works
4900:Taste
4890:Style
4671:Wilde
4611:Plato
4606:Pater
4566:Lipps
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1912:Japan
1900:Italy
1885:India
1828:Egypt
1776:China
1771:Chile
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908:Press
901:Trade
874:Legal
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532:Logic
208:Spain
189:Spain
116:JSTOR
102:books
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4134:OCLC
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4070:ISBN
3894:2023
3883:OCLC
3873:ISBN
3852:2023
3833:ISSN
3724:2018
3683:2019
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3378:1971
3372:1964
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1987:Peru
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767:Ordo
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8020:Sun
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6756:War
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