1637:
1655:
1619:
432:
158:
169:
928:
1486:
1605:
1271:
229:
244:
176:
151:
574:
1044:
1209:
1221:
1197:
719:
22:
260:
1351:
949:. Henry the Elder ruled Kladsko upon King George's death in 1471; he attached the Lordship of Hummel to his comital lands by 1477 and had Kladsko Castle rebuilt as his permanent residence. His overindebted sons and heirs
1175:
region since its conquest by the
Kingdom of Prussia in 1742. Referred to as "Little Prague", the Kłodzko Valley region on the Nysa Kłodzka river was the focus of several attempts to reincorporate the area into
1059:
invaded
Habsburg Silesia and also occupied the County of Kladsko; while they were largely welcomed by the Protestant population of Silesia, Kladsko remained a suspiciously eyed Catholic area. By the 1742
1654:
908:
lordship and the
Silesian Duchy of Münsterberg, it became his powerbase to assume the Bohemian Crown. Once elected king by the Bohemian estates, in 1458, he raised Kladsko to a
1295:
1636:
168:
419:, thanks to which its rich historical architecture from various periods, from the Middle Ages to modern times, has been preserved. It is also known for its several
157:
1618:
1302:
1088:
1527:
931:
1536:
1181:
1096:
1604:
150:
1610:
1575:
1171:
From a traditional Czech perspective, Kłodzko Land was culturally and traditionally a part of
Bohemia, although the region has been a part of the
1877:
958:
1959:
1904:
950:
1375:
800:
942:
1762:
243:
935:
228:
1324:
1256:
1703:
1397:
The region is currently inhabited by around 160,000 people. There are 11 towns in the region. The largest is the historical capital,
1118:
993:
1715:
1028:
1005:
921:
105:
1554:
946:
1583:
1024:
645:
39:
86:
1327:
and transports of prisoners from other locations passed through the region to Kłodzko, and many were then sent further west to
1287:
1260:
977:
879:
712:
431:
1531:
1008:. The Habsburg rulers raised the pledge sum with the support of the local estates, and the Counter-Reformation efforts ended.
58:
1291:
812:
649:
43:
917:
708:
408:
1838:
871:
851:
669:
665:
65:
1189:
661:
324:
927:
175:
1386:
1382:
1240:
1127:
816:
704:
420:
1788:
1881:
1080:
954:
700:
562:
465:
277:
72:
1122:
867:
32:
1314:
1001:
989:
641:
135:
1485:
1133:
1020:
688:
653:
855:
819:. Under Charles' rule, Kladsko flourished; the development, however, ended abruptly with the beginning of the
696:
680:
469:
54:
1813:
1208:
1270:
1061:
863:
755:
657:
621:
1350:
led to a ceasing of military operations, with the remaining German population and the Czech minority being
1220:
1196:
1137:
1520:
1306:
1065:
901:
796:
789:
589:
1084:
1371:
1248:
985:
969:. Nevertheless, their descendants retained the comital title until the extinction of the line in 1647.
759:
503:
Despite its enclosed geographical situation, Kłodzko Land since ancient times has been traversed by the
484:
in the northwest. With its natural boundaries, the valley forms a significant jut into the neighbouring
473:
303:
1459:
1323:. Both civilians and Allied POWs were imprisoned there. In January and February 1945, German-organized
792:(in 1336); each time, the lands fell back to the Bohemian monarch as a reverted fief upon their death.
190:
1188:
Proposals by the
Czechoslovak Delegation on incorporating Kłodzko Land into Czechoslovakia during the
707:
and campaigned the
Bohemian lands several times, he finally had to renounce Kłodzko in favour of Duke
1661:
1542:
1410:
1358:
and
Czechoslovakia. With most of the former Silesia province, Kłodzko Land passed to Poland in 1945.
1244:
1101:
1012:
962:
839:
781:
739:
629:
544:
481:
313:
207:
934:, located in a 17th-century paper mill, is one of the historic landmarks of the region, listed as a
1310:
1275:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1056:
997:
808:
747:
400:
1897:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
1587:
831:
735:
625:
396:
392:
1674:
859:
668:
campaigned the adjacent northern territory of
Silesia in 1039. An armistice mediated by Emperor
617:
439:
Kłodzko Land, with an approximate area of 1,640 km (630 sq mi), consists of the
79:
1900:
1711:
1504:
1493:
1449:
1430:
1415:
981:
973:
966:
941:
The comital title became hereditary in 1462 and could also be bequeathed by Victor's brothers
909:
904:
re-acquired
Kladsko Land from the heirs of the late Hynek Krušina; together with the adjacent
891:
835:
785:
684:
554:
440:
412:
388:
361:
201:
1027:, who had their lands occupied and numerous punitive measures enacted. His son and successor
795:
About 1300, Kladsko was governed by the Bohemian noble Arnošt (Ernest) of Hostýně, whose son
648:, their rule was disrupted by internal dynastical struggles: during the rivalry between Duke
1964:
1700:
Kladsko Region. The Transformations of the Central European Region : A Historical Atlas
1642:
1264:
1156:
1032:
777:
699:
of Poland. However, as Bolesław became entangled in a fierce inheritance conflict with Duke
601:
384:
372:
573:
519:, running over easily accessible mountain passes in the south and west, and along the Nysa
1508:
1500:
1489:
1252:
1099:. By 1818 the county was finally abolished, and the territory was reformed into the three
980:. Johann von Hardegg finally sold Kladsko to Ferdinand in 1534/37; from that time on, the
804:
773:
763:
727:
628:, ruled in the eastern territories of Bohemia until they were overthrown by the rivalling
454:
450:
353:
337:
1628:
1512:
1425:
984:
rulers pledged the county several times: first to the Bohemian noble and former governor
477:
1899:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 669–670.
1435:
1177:
1076:
875:
676:
489:
485:
345:
1789:"Konflikt graniczny polsko-czechosłowacki w latach 1945-1947 - Inne Oblicza Historii"
592:
by the late 9th century, though the extent of his realm is disputed. According to the
1953:
1299:
1232:
1172:
1155:
of 1866 the area again became a deployment zone of Prussian troops on the eve of the
1069:
1052:
1016:
723:
585:
549:
524:
461:
445:
380:
1043:
1868:
Konieczny, Alfred (1974). "Więzienie karne w Kłodzku w latach II wojny światowej".
1624:
1516:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1283:
1160:
820:
497:
416:
404:
1846:
1579:
1236:
815:, who in 1348 separated Kladsko Land from Bohemia and raised it to an immediate
768:
751:
718:
508:
272:
21:
660:
invaded Bohemia, but had to pull back the next year, facing the forces of King
1559:
1546:
1420:
1398:
1092:
613:
609:
577:
528:
504:
287:
212:
1444:
1367:
1319:
897:
850:. A major battle with the royal Bohemian forces led by the Kladsko governor
847:
520:
294:
1454:
905:
843:
672:
in 1054 demarcated the spheres of influence, leaving Kłodzko with Bohemia.
379:
domain since the 12th century, although with periods of rule of the Polish
862:
on 27 December 1428. Duke John was killed in action and Půta received his
711:
in a peace treaty signed at Pentecost in 1137 under pressure from Emperor
1707:
1571:
1464:
1342:
minority present in the western part of the Kłodzko Valley known as the "
743:
726:-ruled Poland with Kłodzko Land as part of the Duchy of Wrocław ruled by
1355:
1328:
827:
516:
512:
457:
376:
194:
1243:
raised claims to Kłodzko Land, that were however rejected in the 1919
1646:
1339:
597:
365:
320:
299:
265:
1929:
1338:, when Czechoslovak forces tried to annex the area on behalf of the
1334:
The last Czech attempt to capture the region occurred at the end of
1087:, but successfully defended by the Prussian garrison under General
1763:"Walczył z zaborcą jako kapłan, społecznik i działacz gospodarczy"
1590:
1499:
Several annual festivals are held in the region, most notably the
1484:
1269:
1159:. From 1871 it was part of Germany, until the country's defeat in
1042:
926:
717:
572:
430:
1895:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
1731:
Wolniewicz, Paweł (2019). "Włodzimierz Adolf Dołęga Wolniewicz".
1696:
Kladsko. Proměny středoevropského regionu : historický atlas
976:
in 1526, the rights of the Hardegg family were confirmed by King
961:, however, had to sell the estates to their brother-in-law, the
913:
692:
612:, residing at the castle of Kłodzko on the road from Prague to
1750:(in Polish). Pruszków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Rewasz. p. 348.
539:), formerly the administrative seat of the Bohemian governor (
527:. The land is named after its historic administrative capital
15:
1404:
754:
clan. From the 13th century onwards, under the rule of King
695:, which upon his death in 1102 was claimed by his son Duke
1526:
There are also unique museums in the region, such as the
580:, the historic capital and the largest town of the region
772:
migration. The Kladsko estates were temporarily held by
834:
Castle as a base for their attacks. They laid siege to
118:
Historical region in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
1117:
within the Silesian province. During the 19th-century
882:
in September 1440, and married him three weeks later.
866:
as well as Kladsko and the adjacent Silesian lands of
1274:
Memorial to 1,500 Polish forced laborers held in the
1507:, dedicated to Polish virtuoso pianist and composer
1267:, however, these security measures became obsolete.
920:, for which he obtained the confirmation by Emperor
1582:is an important regional Catholic pilgrimage site.
608:belonged to the dominions of the Bohemian nobleman
310:
293:
283:
271:
253:
123:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
738:by 1198; it was administrated within the lands of
734:Under Přemyslid rule, Kladsko became part of the
584:Historically, the area may have been part of the
1570:The population of Kłodzko Land is predominantly
1530:, located in a 17th-century paper mill, and the
1259:erected around the Kłodzko Land just after the
878:sold Kladsko Land to the former Hussite leader
553:). The area roughly corresponds to the current
1511:, and the International Moniuszko Festival in
1000:. After Ernest's death in 1560, his heir Duke
912:in its own right and conveyed the title of an
972:When the Bohemian Crown fell to the Austrian
8:
807:in 1344. He also was a close advisor to the
488:area in the southeast. It is crossed by the
1746:Brygier, Waldemar; Dudziak, Tomasz (2010).
1562:is dedicated to the history of the region.
1255:, the Czechoslovak government had extended
1095:was finally abolished in the course of the
1035:to continue the recatholization policies.
1023:, the estates refused to submit to Emperor
371:The subject of Czech–Polish rivalry in the
1735:(in Polish). No. 1 (338). p. 27.
1702:] (in Czech). Hradec Králové; Prague:
1079:, in 1807, Kłodzko Castle was besieged by
1072:ceded Kladsko to the Kingdom of Prussia.
1015:broke out, Kladsko became a centre of the
616:in Silesia until his death in 981 AD. The
120:
1694:Semotanová, Eva; Felcman, Ondřej (2005).
780:, who received it from the hands of King
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1089:Friedrich Wilhelm von Götzen the Younger
874:. After Půta's death, his widow Anne of
1930:"Międzynarodowy Festiwal Moniuszkowski"
1686:
1611:Basilica of the Visitation, Wambierzyce
1600:
1528:Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki-Zdrój
1186:
1019:revolt in Bohemia. Even after the lost
932:Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki-Zdrój
292:
282:
252:
240:
222:
141:
870:as a pledge from the hands of Emperor
415:. The region was not destroyed during
1870:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
830:forces campaigned the lands and used
399:of 1740–42 and incorporated into the
309:
270:
7:
1376:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague
1313:housed a prison administered by the
1182:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
996:, who implemented stern measures of
691:, he received Kłodzko as a Bohemian
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1247:. While the area remained with the
1047:City and fortress of Kladsko (1737)
620:, among them Prince Slavník's heir
543:) and gathering place of the local
762:, the area was largely settled by
248:Location of Kłodzko Land in Poland
14:
1119:Polish national liberation fights
900:Bohemian regent, and later king,
750:(c.1120–1194), progenitor of the
644:obtained the status of immediate
636:Medieval Bohemian and Polish rule
496:) river, a left tributary of the
1878:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
1653:
1635:
1617:
1603:
1374:, the area remained part of the
1219:
1207:
1195:
646:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
443:, a basin surrounded by several
258:
242:
227:
174:
167:
156:
149:
20:
1818:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
1381:The region suffered during the
1286:, the Germans operated several
766:colonists in the course of the
722:Silesian duchies of fragmented
206:Market Square and Town Hall in
31:needs additional citations for
1593:, is located in Kłodzko Land.
1346:". Pressure brought on by the
1292:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1064:, again confirmed by the 1763
947:Henry the Younger of Poděbrady
943:Henry of the Elder Münsterberg
864:Duchy of Münsterberg (Ziębice)
1:
1814:"Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen"
1761:Marek Weiss (26 March 2015).
1584:Gompa Drophan Ling in Darnków
1501:International Chopin Festival
1004:sold Kladsko back to Emperor
391:in 1459 and was conquered by
1960:Historical regions in Poland
1552:The Museum of Kłodzko Land (
1387:2024 Central European floods
1190:Paris Peace Conference, 1919
1167:Interbellum and World War II
1123:Włodzimierz Adolf Wolniewicz
880:Hynek Krušina of Lichtenburg
838:and devastated the towns of
823:in the early 15th century.
664:. In turn the Bohemian duke
1241:First Czechoslovak Republic
936:Historic Monument of Poland
675:When about 1080 the Polish
1981:
1748:Ziemia Kłodzka. Przewodnik
1576:Basilica of the Visitation
1515:, dedicated to "father of
1278:by the Germans during WWII
889:
817:Land of the Bohemian Crown
563:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
1704:Univerzita Hradec Králové
1315:Reich Ministry of Justice
1214:The intermediate variant
826:From about 1425 onwards,
742:and governed by Bohemian
656:in 1003, the Polish duke
241:
223:
189:From top, left to right:
142:
133:
1309:POWs in the region. The
1239:, the newly established
1231:After the defeat of the
1097:Stein-Hardenberg Reforms
1021:Battle of White Mountain
689:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
511:connecting Bohemia with
127:
1263:in 1933. With the 1938
1226:The minimalist variant
1147:were imprisoned in the
1068:, the Habsburg empress
852:Půta III of Častolovice
387:. It was raised to the
200:Wojciech Sanatorium in
1919:Konieczny, pp. 377–378
1882:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
1555:Muzeum Ziemi Kłodzkiej
1496:
1279:
1202:The maximalist variant
1048:
938:
854:and the Silesian duke
731:
624:and his brother Saint
581:
436:
411:according to the 1945
357:
349:
341:
1660:Phillumenist Museum,
1517:Polish national opera
1488:
1372:Roman Catholic Church
1273:
1261:Nazi seizure of power
1257:border fortifications
1249:Free State of Prussia
1138:Augustyn Szamarzewski
1066:Peace of Hubertusburg
1051:In December 1740 the
1046:
986:John III of Pernstein
930:
856:John I of Münsterberg
721:
709:Soběslav I of Bohemia
697:Bolesław III Wrymouth
576:
480:in the west, and the
474:Bystrzyckie Mountains
434:
312: • Summer (
1303:prisoner-of-war camp
1245:Treaty of Versailles
1091:. In the same year,
801:Archbishop of Prague
782:Rudolph I of Germany
701:Svatopluk of Bohemia
658:Bolesław I the Brave
640:While the Přemyslid
507:and other important
40:improve this article
1706:; Historický ústav
1532:Phillumenist Museum
1521:Stanisław Moniuszko
1153:Austro-Prussian War
1134:Wojciech Kętrzyński
1132:, Polish historian
1121:, Polish publicist
1057:Frederick the Great
1002:Albert V of Bavaria
998:Counter-Reformation
902:George of Poděbrady
797:Arnošt of Pardubice
790:Bolko II of Ziębice
687:, daughter of Duke
662:Henry II of Germany
606:provincia glacensis
401:Province of Silesia
1849:on 29 October 2020
1497:
1280:
1136:and Polish priest
1049:
939:
916:to his second son
803:by appointment of
736:Kingdom of Bohemia
732:
685:Judith Přemyslovna
681:Władysław I Herman
626:Adalbert of Prague
582:
472:in the south, the
470:Śnieżnik Mountains
437:
409:Republic of Poland
397:First Silesian War
284:Historical capital
1906:978-0-253-06089-1
1839:"Working Parties"
1767:Głos Wielkopolski
1662:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
1543:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
1477:
1476:
1411:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
1300:Stalag VIII-B/344
1180:, one of several
1031:commissioned the
1013:Thirty Years' War
994:Ernest of Bavaria
974:Habsburg monarchy
967:Ulrich of Hardegg
892:County of Kladsko
886:County of Kladsko
799:became the first
786:Henry VI the Good
594:Chronica Boëmorum
482:Stołowe Mountains
478:Orlické Mountains
468:in the east, the
413:Potsdam Agreement
407:it passed to the
389:County of Kladsko
362:historical region
331:
330:
208:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
197:in the background
136:Historical region
116:
115:
108:
90:
1972:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1845:. Archived from
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1733:Wieści Lubońskie
1728:
1722:
1721:
1691:
1657:
1643:Kletno Bear Cave
1639:
1621:
1607:
1586:, Poland's only
1545:, Poland's only
1540:
1405:
1311:Kłodzko Fortress
1298:subcamps of the
1276:Kłodzko Fortress
1265:Munich Agreement
1223:
1211:
1199:
1157:Battle of Nachod
1149:Kłodzko Fortress
1146:
1131:
1085:Jérôme Bonaparte
1062:Treaty of Berlin
924:the next year.
748:Witiko of Prčice
652:and his brother
642:Dukes of Bohemia
466:Golden Mountains
385:Late Middle Ages
373:High Middle Ages
364:in southwestern
317:
264:
262:
261:
246:
231:
178:
171:
160:
153:
121:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1675:Náchod District
1671:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1608:
1599:
1568:
1534:
1509:Fryderyk Chopin
1492:Spa Theatre in
1490:Frederic Chopin
1483:
1478:
1460:Stronie Śląskie
1395:
1364:
1253:Weimar Republic
1227:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1169:
1140:
1125:
1041:
988:, later to the
894:
888:
860:Stary Wielisław
805:Pope Clement VI
778:Henry IV Probus
728:Henry IV Probus
703:and his cousin
638:
632:family in 995.
618:Slavník dynasty
571:
429:
403:by 1818. After
311:
259:
257:
249:
237:
236:
235:
234:
219:
218:
191:Stronie Śląskie
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
172:
163:
162:
161:
154:
138:
129:
126:
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1943:
1921:
1912:
1905:
1887:
1880:, Wydawnictwo
1876:(3). Wrocław:
1860:
1830:
1805:
1780:
1753:
1738:
1723:
1716:
1710:. p. 15.
1685:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1567:
1564:
1505:Duszniki-Zdrój
1494:Duszniki-Zdrój
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Polanica-Zdrój
1447:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1416:Duszniki-Zdrój
1413:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1363:
1360:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1178:Czechoslovakia
1168:
1165:
1083:troops led by
1077:Napoleonic War
1040:
1037:
992:administrator
914:Imperial count
890:Main article:
887:
884:
858:was fought at
836:Karpień Castle
788:(in 1327) and
776:dukes such as
774:Silesian Piast
740:Hradec Králové
637:
634:
596:(1125) by the
570:
567:
559:Powiat kłodzki
555:Kłodzko County
541:Zemský hejtman
490:Eastern Neisse
449:ranges of the
441:Kłodzko Valley
428:
425:
375:, it became a
342:Ziemia kłodzka
329:
328:
318:
308:
307:
297:
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
278:Lower Silesian
275:
269:
268:
255:
251:
250:
247:
239:
238:
232:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
210:
204:
198:
186:
185:
173:
166:
165:
164:
155:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
131:
130:
128:Ziemia kłodzka
124:
117:
114:
113:
55:"Kłodzko Land"
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1977:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1948:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:(in Polish).
1871:
1864:
1861:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1717:80-7286-066-6
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:According to
1362:Modern Poland
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:death marches
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1296:forced labour
1293:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:German Empire
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1173:Lower Silesia
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:. During the
1150:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Habelschwerdt
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Confederation
1078:
1073:
1071:
1070:Maria Theresa
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:Prussian Army
1045:
1039:Prussian rule
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:Ferdinand III
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1006:Maximilian II
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
933:
929:
925:
923:
922:Frederick III
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
893:
885:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
729:
725:
720:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Boleslaus III
647:
643:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Great Moravia
579:
575:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Owl Mountains
459:
456:
452:
448:
447:
446:Mittelgebirge
442:
435:Kłodzko basin
433:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:Piast dynasty
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
326:
322:
319:
315:
305:
301:
298:
296:
289:
286:
279:
276:
274:
267:
256:
245:
230:
214:
211:
209:
205:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
187:
177:
170:
159:
152:
137:
132:
122:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1947:
1934:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1896:
1890:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:the original
1843:Lamsdorf.com
1842:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1792:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1766:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1629:Kudowa-Zdrój
1625:Skull Chapel
1569:
1553:
1551:
1547:phillumenist
1525:
1513:Kudowa-Zdrój
1498:
1471:
1426:Kudowa-Zdrój
1396:
1380:
1378:until 1972.
1365:
1348:Soviet Union
1344:Czech Corner
1336:World War II
1333:
1318:
1284:World War II
1281:
1230:
1170:
1161:World War II
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1074:
1050:
1025:Ferdinand II
1010:
971:
940:
896:In 1454 the
895:
825:
821:Hussite Wars
794:
784:in 1280, or
767:
758:and his son
756:Wenceslaus I
733:
674:
666:Bretislaus I
639:
605:
593:
583:
558:
548:
540:
536:
532:
509:trade routes
502:
494:Nysa Kłodzka
493:
444:
438:
417:World War II
405:World War II
370:
358:Glatzer Land
334:Kłodzko Land
333:
332:
233:Coat of arms
125:Kłodzko Land
102:
96:October 2014
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1932:(in Polish)
1795:(in Polish)
1773:14 December
1769:(in Polish)
1580:Wambierzyce
1535: [
1436:Międzylesie
1431:Lądek-Zdrój
1237:World War I
1141: [
1126: [
1075:During the
1055:under King
978:Ferdinand I
769:Ostsiedlung
730:(in orange)
713:Lothair III
590:Svatopluk I
588:under King
273:Voivodeship
202:Lądek-Zdrój
1954:Categories
1936:6 November
1884:: 370–371.
1853:6 November
1823:6 November
1799:2017-11-30
1681:References
1102:Landkreise
1093:manoralism
1017:Protestant
813:Charles IV
809:Luxembourg
760:Ottokar II
705:Borivoj II
550:Landstände
505:Amber Road
66:newspapers
1445:Nowa Ruda
1368:canon law
1320:Wehrmacht
1163:in 1945.
1011:When the
898:Utraquist
872:Sigismund
868:Ząbkowice
848:Nowa Ruda
840:Bystrzyca
744:burgraves
670:Henry III
630:Přemyslid
521:water gap
427:Geography
421:spa towns
295:Time zone
193:with the
1669:See also
1588:Buddhist
1572:Catholic
1566:Religion
1549:museum.
1465:Szczytna
1352:expelled
1288:subcamps
1251:and the
990:Salzburg
982:Habsburg
963:Austrian
811:emperor
752:Vítkovci
683:married
622:Soběslav
377:Bohemian
215:Old Town
1965:Bohemia
1597:Gallery
1560:Kłodzko
1481:Culture
1421:Kłodzko
1399:Kłodzko
1370:of the
1356:Germany
1329:Bautzen
1290:of the
1282:During
1115:Neurode
1033:Jesuits
959:Charles
876:Colditz
828:Hussite
654:Jaromir
614:Wrocław
610:Slavník
578:Kłodzko
569:History
545:estates
533:Kladsko
529:Kłodzko
517:Moravia
513:Silesia
458:Sudetes
455:Eastern
451:Central
395:in the
393:Prussia
383:in the
360:) is a
350:Kladsko
288:Kłodzko
254:Country
213:Kłodzko
195:Sudetes
80:scholar
1903:
1793:ioh.pl
1714:
1647:Kletno
1574:. The
1472:
1455:Radków
1307:Allied
965:noble
955:George
951:Albert
918:Victor
910:county
906:Náchod
844:Radków
832:Hummel
764:German
604:, the
602:Cosmas
598:Prague
460:: the
366:Poland
354:German
338:Polish
266:Poland
263:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1708:AV ČR
1698:[
1591:gompa
1558:) in
1539:]
1393:Towns
1340:Czech
1145:]
1130:]
1107:Glatz
746:like
724:Piast
679:duke
677:Piast
600:dean
561:) of
537:Glatz
525:Bardo
486:Czech
346:Czech
321:UTC+2
300:UTC+1
87:JSTOR
73:books
1938:2022
1901:ISBN
1874:XXIX
1855:2022
1825:2022
1775:2023
1712:ISBN
1385:and
1383:1997
1317:and
1305:for
1294:and
1113:and
957:and
945:and
846:and
693:fief
515:and
498:Oder
476:and
464:and
453:and
325:CEST
59:news
1578:in
1541:in
1503:in
1354:to
1235:in
1105:of
523:at
314:DST
304:CET
42:by
1956::
1841:.
1816:.
1791:.
1765:.
1645:,
1627:,
1537:pl
1523:.
1519:"
1401:.
1389:.
1331:.
1184:.
1143:pl
1128:pl
1109:,
953:,
842:,
715:.
565:.
535:,
500:.
423:.
368:.
356::
352:;
348::
344:;
340::
1940:.
1909:.
1857:.
1827:.
1802:.
1777:.
1720:.
557:(
547:(
531:(
492:(
336:(
327:)
323:(
316:)
306:)
302:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
