1084:
November 11, 2001, by the
Community Relations Commission for a Multicultural NSW, during which time 248 incidents were logged. There were seven categories of attack: physical assault; verbal assault; sexual assault; threat; racial discrimination or harassment, damage to property; and media attack. Half of all victims were female; seven out of ten were adults. The largest language groups to use the hotline were Arabic, consisting 52.4% of calls. 47.2% of the incidents occurred in public spaces.
2272:
2377:
2055:
1144:, and those perceived as following the religion. This social aversion and bias is often facilitated and perpetuated in the media through the stereotyping of Muslims as violent and uncivilised. Various Australian politicians and political commentators have capitalised on these negative stereotypes and this has contributed to the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion of the Muslim community.
143:
81:
40:
2286:
1115:
The latest incident occurred in 2011, when the criminal lawyer of Middle
Eastern background, Adam Houda, was arrested for refusing a frisk search and resisting arrest after having been approached by police, who suspected him of involvement in a recent robbery. These charges were thrown out of court
645:
Australia does not collect statistics on the racial origins of its residents. Instead, it collects data at each five-yearly census on distinct ancestries, of which each census respondent may choose up to two. In the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorized within North
African and
1083:
Attacks in Spain, London, and Bali have increasingly associated people of "Middle
Eastern appearance" with terrorism. A clearer picture of the impact of these events on Sydney's Muslim, Arabic, and Middle Eastern population emerged from data collected from a hotline between September 12, 2001, and
1103:
One victim recalled how the violence erupted when a man deemed to be "of Middle
Eastern appearance" was walking along the beachfront with his girlfriend and "two girls turned around and screamed ... 'get off our f__king beaches' the whole street turned on them" The riots put the spotlight on two
1005:
for boat arrivals. The deterrents did little to stop immigrants; roughly 12,000 asylum seekers reached
Australia from 1999 to 2001. In 2011, Australia received 2.5% of the world's total number of claims for asylum. During 2012, more than 17,000 asylum seekers arrived via boat. The majority of the
636:
Permanent emigration of North
Africans and Middle Easterns to Australia began in the 1940s onwards, possibly due to political turmoil in the MENA region that saw a wave of its international migrants. As of 2021, they number 800,000 persons with a nomination of their distinct ancestries.
1120:
walking along a suburban street, for all the police knew, minding their own business at an unexceptional time of day, in unexceptional clothing, except two of the men had hooded jumpers. The place they were in could not have raised a reasonable suspicion they were involved in the
1108:
is located (known as the Shire); and the
Canterbury and Bankstown LGAs, located in south-western Sydney, where most of the city's Lebanese and other Middle Eastern immigrants live. Middle Eastern males were tagged as criminal and un-Australian by the media brush of ethnic crime.
601:
from various regions in the North Africa and Middle East and descendants of such immigrants. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorised within North
African and Middle Eastern ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 3.2%.
1112:
In one incident, two young men of Middle
Eastern appearance, on their way for a swim, were mobbed and beaten on a train carriage, with both responding police officers and a nearby press photographer fearing there would be a killing.
1045:
responding "Nope, nope, nope. We have a very clear refugee and humanitarian program". However, later in the year the government unexpectedly increased its intake of refugees to accommodate persecuted minorities, such as
1104:
segments of Sydney's population (the white, Anglo-Celtic majority and a Middle Eastern minority) and two parts of the city: the Sutherland Shire Local Government Area (LGA), located in Sydney's southern suburbs where
1095:
and Australia's national anthem, the mob verbally abused and physically assaulted anyone of Middle Eastern appearance. Five thousand people reportedly gathered at the site and marched through the streets of
160:
53:
1774:
3569:
3574:
1294:
1823:
Khan, Fazal Rahim; Iqbal, Zafar; Gazzaz, Osman B.; Ahrari, Sadollah (Spring 2012). "Global Media Image of Islam and Muslims and the Problematics of a Response Strategy".
2326:
59:
1322:
1521:
1720:
2225:
1550:
605:
Today, North African and Middle Eastern Australians often come from various ethnic, cultural, linguistic, religious, educational and employment backgrounds.
3550:
1884:
Poynting, Scott; Mason, Victoria (March 2007). "The resistible rise of Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001".
1455:
207:
1939:
179:
1576:
186:
2554:
1019:
2194:
2210:
193:
2549:
2319:
2189:
1745:
1192:
1778:
175:
3579:
2243:
1801:
1390:
1187:
1076:
2235:
1735:
1627:
244:
226:
124:
67:
1063:
91:
2312:
2289:
2275:
1336:
1932:
975:
164:
2651:
2293:
3519:
200:
1354:
613:
The first settlers of the North Africans and Middle Easterns to Australia date back to 1862, when small groups of mainly
2279:
1323:"Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
1038:
1650:
470:
1087:
On 11 December 2005, a violent mob of about five thousand young white Australians gathered on the beach at Cronulla,
106:
3454:
2493:
2107:
1851:
1207:
462:
153:
102:
2801:
2498:
2230:
2220:
2215:
1925:
1227:
1131:
1117:
1002:
3546:
1295:"Australian Bureau of Statistics : Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021"
3071:
598:
2624:
3011:
2408:
3507:
3490:
3358:
3218:
2994:
2831:
2777:
2696:
2691:
2614:
2609:
2594:
2488:
2366:
2335:
2004:
871:
351:
3502:
3410:
2942:
2888:
2755:
2708:
2403:
2092:
3405:
3378:
3353:
3313:
3233:
3208:
3203:
3118:
3036:
2999:
2925:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2826:
2811:
2639:
2629:
2599:
2589:
2564:
2523:
2508:
2463:
2428:
2398:
2376:
2361:
2353:
2158:
2054:
2029:
2019:
1999:
1202:
1155:
277:
3046:
3026:
2930:
2821:
2762:
2701:
2483:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2393:
3497:
3469:
3444:
3395:
3333:
3283:
3223:
3188:
3183:
3128:
2989:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2920:
2910:
2767:
2750:
2735:
2634:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2503:
2473:
2468:
2423:
2413:
2173:
2168:
2128:
2044:
2024:
1979:
1714:
777:
3415:
2935:
2782:
2097:
2039:
1407:
512:
3449:
3390:
2718:
2102:
2087:
629:, who were commonly referred to as "Afghans" or "Ghans", despite their origin often being mainly from
3512:
3459:
3439:
3385:
3343:
3318:
3308:
3243:
3158:
3133:
3108:
3096:
3066:
3058:
2952:
2895:
2836:
2806:
2728:
2686:
2646:
2619:
2544:
2539:
2478:
2458:
2438:
2418:
2163:
2153:
2112:
1989:
1969:
1964:
1886:
1608:
Collins, Jock (2009). "Sydney's Cronulla riots: The context and implications". In Noble, Greg (ed.).
1257:
1217:
1197:
1172:
1151:
899:
821:
803:
739:
681:
401:
393:
344:
325:
304:
283:
3529:
3464:
3434:
3425:
3420:
3338:
3323:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3253:
3248:
3213:
3198:
3193:
3168:
3138:
3123:
3113:
3081:
3076:
2977:
2972:
2915:
2841:
2789:
2740:
2713:
2679:
2604:
2574:
2518:
2513:
2385:
2248:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2071:
2034:
1984:
1167:
965:
927:
757:
297:
290:
28:
1116:
by Judge John Connell, who stated, "At the end of the day, there were three men of Middle Eastern
3534:
3524:
3485:
3400:
3373:
3368:
3348:
3258:
3238:
3228:
3173:
3163:
3148:
2982:
2967:
2905:
2900:
2856:
2846:
2816:
2794:
2674:
2669:
2453:
2133:
2014:
1994:
1903:
1832:
1702:
1267:
1242:
1232:
909:
377:
332:
1917:
1495:
3363:
3328:
3178:
3153:
3143:
3101:
3091:
3086:
3041:
3031:
3016:
3004:
2851:
2772:
2745:
2723:
2661:
2584:
2009:
1974:
1741:
1623:
1386:
1247:
1237:
1182:
998:
889:
767:
454:
417:
318:
3303:
3278:
3021:
1956:
1895:
1866:
1692:
1615:
1177:
1154:
in the United States. For example, Muslim immigration to Australia was restricted under the
1092:
1059:
1027:
671:
433:
425:
311:
1751:
646:
Middle Eastern ancestral groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 3.2%.
3429:
2063:
1262:
1222:
1088:
618:
27:
This article is about Australians of North African descent. For Sub-Saharan Africans, see
1337:"4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians"
982:
problem and one concerning the safety of those attempting to come to Australia by boat.
1105:
979:
594:
550:
3551:
Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
1852:"Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media"
3563:
2265:
1907:
1870:
1526:
1212:
487:
1706:
1147:
1023:
450:
17:
650:
Persons nominating North African and Middle Eastern Australian ancestries in 2021
1480:
1432:
1380:
2345:
1674:
1672:
1609:
1522:"Migrants and Australia: Why Australia is accepting 12,000 more Syrian migrants"
1136:
Islamophobia is highly speculative and affective distrust and hostility towards
1042:
1007:
986:
971:
630:
626:
590:
541:
479:
142:
1611:
Lines in the Sand: The Cronulla Riots, Multiculturalism and National Belonging
529:
1899:
1697:
1680:
1654:
1047:
1034:
1015:
622:
567:
617:
cameleers shipped in and out of Australia at three-year intervals to serve
2304:
1651:"New Racism and Fear: The Cronulla Riots and Racial Violence in Australia"
1551:"Tony Abbott to confirm Syrian airstrikes as pressure grows over refugees"
2263:
Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG)
1097:
558:
1836:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1577:"Australia takes the most refugees since start of humanitarian program"
1051:
533:
504:
1619:
985:
In 1999, Middle Eastern immigrants fleeing from oppressive regimes in
1137:
614:
409:
385:
109:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1001:
extended the time they spent in mandatory detention and introduced
1141:
1055:
1033:
In 2015, the government rejected suggestions that it would accept
575:
520:
496:
1066:. (It was these refugees who swelled the figures for 2016–2017.)
1030:, leading to 17 confirmed deaths, with 70 other people missing.
1011:
994:
990:
621:'s inland pastoral industry by carting goods and transportation
2308:
1921:
1614:(1st ed.). Institute of Criminology Press. p. 27-43.
1496:"PM rebuffs criticism over response to Rohingya refugee crisis"
136:
74:
33:
1802:"Suing police again, the lawyer of Middle Eastern appearance"
3547:
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
1150:
and intolerance towards Muslims existed well prior to the
1100:, attacking anyone who they identified as Middle Eastern.
1456:"Australia Adopts Tough Measures to Curb Asylum Seekers"
1379:
Sawer, Marian; Norman Abjorensen; Philip Larkin (2009).
593:
of North African and Middle Eastern ancestry, including
98:
1549:
Lenore Taylor; Shalailah Medhora (8 September 2015).
1037:(a persecuted Muslim minority in Myanmar) during the
3478:
3292:
3057:
2660:
2532:
2384:
2352:
2203:
2182:
2121:
2080:
2062:
1955:
1775:"Targeted through racial profiling - Today Tonight"
444:
371:
267:
167:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1681:"Balancing Trust and Anxiety in a Culture of Fear"
1481:"Boat sinking reignites Australia asylum debate"
1339:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4 May 2010.
176:"North African and Middle Eastern Australians"
2320:
1933:
8:
1949:North African and Middle Eastern Australians
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1253:North African and Middle Eastern Australians
263:North African and Middle Eastern Australians
262:
3570:Australian people of Middle Eastern descent
1719:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1408:"Australia debates offshore asylum centres"
974:in Australian politics, with the two major
68:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3575:Australian people of North African descent
2327:
2313:
2305:
1940:
1926:
1918:
648:
261:
1696:
1433:"Australia to send asylum-seekers to PNG"
1077:Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment § Australia
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
1385:. Federation Press. pp. 27, 65–67.
1737:Multiculturalism at the end of the Line
1348:
1346:
1279:
1091:. Waving Australian flags, and singing
863:Other North African and Middle Eastern
1712:
997:began to arrive in large numbers. The
359:Other North African and Middle Eastern
1502:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1193:Caribbean and West Indian Australians
1020:a boatload of asylum seekers capsized
7:
2550:Caribbean and West Indian Australian
2285:
274:Approximately 3.2% of the population
165:adding citations to reliable sources
1777:. Au.news.yahoo.com. Archived from
1773:Everaardt, Tineka (20 March 2013).
25:
1800:Mercer, Neil (12 November 2011).
1575:Doherty, Ben (11 February 2019).
1382:Australia: The State of Democracy
49:This article has multiple issues.
2375:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2053:
1871:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00039.x
1075:This section is an excerpt from
141:
79:
38:
1679:Cahir1, Jayde (14 April 2013).
1353:Robert Manne (September 2010).
970:Asylum policy is a contentious
152:needs additional citations for
57:or discuss these issues on the
2240:Ethnic and racial stereotypes
1494:Woodley, Naomi (22 May 2015).
976:political parties in Australia
1:
2226:Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment
1850:Saeed, Amir (October 2007).
1454:Matt Siegel (19 July 2013).
1406:Neil Hume (14 August 2012).
1058:, from the conflicts of the
978:arguing that the issue is a
2555:Hispanic and Latin American
1070:Discrimination and violence
955:Social and political issues
471:Assyrian Church of the East
105:the claims made and adding
3596:
3580:Ethnic groups in Australia
2652:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
1208:Latin American Australians
1129:
1074:
1041:, with the Prime Minister
1003:temporary protection visas
963:
587:Middle Eastern Australians
26:
3543:
2373:
2342:
2259:
2051:
1873:– via Academia.edu.
1355:"Comment: Asylum Seekers"
1228:Christianity in Australia
1132:Islamophobia in Australia
890:Saudi Arabian Australians
449:
376:
272:
2344:Ancestral background of
1900:10.1177/1440783307073935
1734:Poynting, Scott (2007).
1698:10.1177/2158244013484733
2367:Torres Strait Islanders
2336:Ancestry of Australians
1039:Rohingya refugee crisis
872:Palestinian Australians
352:Palestinian Australians
2362:Aboriginal Australians
1691:(2). Sgo.sagepub.com.
1203:Indigenous Australians
1156:White Australia Policy
1026:between Indonesia and
964:Further information:
919:Tunisian Australians
831:Moroccan Australians
778:Jordanian Australians
715:Chaldean Australians
691:Bahraini Australians
663:Algerian Australians
2081:Peoples of the Sudan
1887:Journal of Sociology
1657:on 17 September 2013
1483:. BBC. 25 June 2012.
1258:Palestinian diaspora
1218:Assyrian Australians
1198:European Australians
1173:American Australians
1152:September 11 attacks
900:Sudanese Australians
822:Mandaean Australians
804:Lebanese Australians
795:Kuwaiti Australians
787:Kurdish Australians
749:Emirati Australians
740:Egyptian Australians
731:Darfuri Australians
682:Assyrian Australians
597:Australians who are
345:Sudanese Australians
339:Chaldean Australians
326:Assyrian Australians
305:Egyptian Australians
284:Lebanese Australians
161:improve this article
2346:Australian citizens
1435:. BBC. 19 July 2013
1325:. 18 December 2019.
1168:African Australians
1006:refugees came from
966:Asylum in Australia
945:Yazidi Australians
937:Yemeni Australians
928:Turkish Australians
881:Qatari Australians
839:Nubian Australians
813:Libyan Australians
758:Iranian Australians
723:Coptic Australians
707:Berber Australians
651:
364:Kurdish Australians
298:Iranian Australians
291:Turkish Australians
264:
29:African Australians
18:Kuwaiti Australians
3530:South Sea Islander
1530:. 9 September 2015
1460:The New York Times
1268:Syrian Australians
1243:Islam in Australia
1233:Coptic Australians
910:Syrian Australians
855:Omani Australians
649:
463:Oriental Orthodoxy
378:Australian English
333:Syrian Australians
90:possibly contains
3557:
3556:
3520:Papua New Guinean
2302:
2301:
2261:According to the
1859:Sociology Compass
1804:. The Border Mail
1747:978-0-9803403-0-3
1248:Lebanese diaspora
1238:Egyptian diaspora
1188:Black Australians
1183:Asian Australians
999:Howard government
952:
951:
847:Nuer Australians
768:Iraqi Australians
699:Bari Australians
584:North African and
581:
580:
455:Eastern Orthodoxy
319:Iraqi Australians
255:
254:
247:
237:
236:
229:
211:
135:
134:
127:
92:original research
72:
16:(Redirected from
3587:
2379:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2306:
2288:
2287:
2274:
2273:
2057:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:on 23 March 2013
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1754:on 23 April 2013
1750:. Archived from
1731:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1710:
1700:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1653:. Archived from
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1291:
1178:Arab Australians
1093:Waltzing Matilda
1060:Syrian Civil War
1028:Christmas Island
1018:. In June 2012,
672:Arab Australians
652:
312:Arab Australians
268:Total population
265:
250:
243:
232:
225:
221:
218:
212:
210:
169:
145:
137:
130:
123:
119:
116:
110:
107:inline citations
83:
82:
75:
64:
42:
41:
34:
21:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3539:
3474:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3053:
2656:
2528:
2380:
2371:
2348:
2338:
2333:
2303:
2298:
2267:
2255:
2236:Organized crime
2199:
2178:
2117:
2076:
2058:
2049:
1951:
1946:
1916:
1915:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1825:Islamic Studies
1822:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1748:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1711:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1500:The World Today
1493:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1412:Financial Times
1405:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1276:
1263:Syrian diaspora
1223:Australian Jews
1164:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1089:New South Wales
1080:
1072:
968:
962:
957:
643:
619:South Australia
611:
566:
549:
528:
495:
478:
367:
362:
357:
356:
349:
342:
337:
330:
323:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
281:
260:
251:
240:
239:
238:
233:
222:
216:
213:
170:
168:
158:
146:
131:
120:
114:
111:
96:
84:
80:
43:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3593:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:South Sudanese
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3092:Northern Irish
3089:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2778:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
2775:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2494:Sierra Leonean
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:South Sudanese
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1876:
1842:
1815:
1792:
1765:
1746:
1726:
1668:
1642:
1628:
1593:
1567:
1541:
1513:
1486:
1472:
1446:
1424:
1398:
1392:978-1862877252
1391:
1371:
1342:
1328:
1314:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1130:Main article:
1127:
1124:
1106:Cronulla Beach
1081:
1073:
1071:
1068:
980:border control
961:
960:Asylum seekers
958:
956:
953:
950:
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
934:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
916:
915:
912:
906:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
878:
877:
874:
868:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
844:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
810:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
784:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
736:
735:
732:
728:
727:
724:
720:
719:
716:
712:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
696:
695:
692:
688:
687:
684:
678:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
642:
639:
610:
607:
579:
578:
551:Zoroastrianism
447:
446:
442:
441:
374:
373:
369:
368:
270:
269:
258:
253:
252:
235:
234:
149:
147:
140:
133:
132:
87:
85:
78:
73:
47:
46:
44:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3552:
3548:
3545:according to
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3508:New Zealander
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:East Timorese
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:South African
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2295:
2291:
2290:North African
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:North African
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Saudi Arabian
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1631:
1629:9780975196786
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1527:The Economist
1523:
1517:
1514:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1375:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:Arab diaspora
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:(1901-1975).
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
967:
959:
954:
947:
944:
943:
939:
936:
935:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
880:
879:
875:
873:
870:
869:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
811:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
653:
647:
640:
638:
634:
632:
631:British India
628:
624:
620:
616:
608:
606:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
577:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
488:Protestantism
485:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
365:
360:
354:
353:
347:
346:
340:
335:
334:
328:
327:
321:
320:
314:
313:
307:
306:
300:
299:
293:
292:
286:
285:
279:
275:
271:
266:
257:
249:
246:
231:
228:
220:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178: –
177:
173:
172:Find sources:
166:
162:
156:
155:
150:This article
148:
144:
139:
138:
129:
126:
118:
108:
104:
100:
94:
93:
88:This article
86:
77:
76:
71:
69:
62:
61:
56:
55:
50:
45:
36:
35:
30:
19:
3297:North Africa
3072:Anglo-Celtic
2625:Puerto Rican
2262:
2231:Islamophobia
2221:Anti-Arabism
2216:Antisemitism
1948:
1894:(1): 61–86.
1891:
1885:
1879:
1865:(2): 12–18.
1862:
1858:
1845:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1808:14 September
1806:. Retrieved
1795:
1785:14 September
1783:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:the original
1736:
1729:
1715:cite journal
1688:
1684:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1610:
1584:. Retrieved
1581:The Guardian
1580:
1570:
1560:12 September
1558:. Retrieved
1555:The Guardian
1554:
1544:
1534:12 September
1532:. Retrieved
1525:
1516:
1506:13 September
1504:. Retrieved
1499:
1489:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:
1401:
1381:
1374:
1364:20 September
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1331:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:
1252:
1148:Islamophobia
1146:
1135:
1126:Islamophobia
1111:
1102:
1086:
1082:
1032:
1024:Indian Ocean
984:
969:
644:
641:Demographics
635:
627:camel trains
612:
604:
586:
583:
582:
571:
562:
554:
545:
537:
524:
516:
513:Baháʼí Faith
508:
500:
491:
483:
474:
466:
458:
451:Christianity
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
381:
363:
358:
350:
343:
338:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
296:
289:
282:
273:
259:Ethnic group
256:
241:
223:
214:
204:
197:
190:
183:
171:
159:Please help
154:verification
151:
121:
112:
89:
65:
58:
52:
51:Please help
48:
3491:Indo-Fijian
3359:Palestinian
3293:Middle East
3219:Montenegrin
2995:Singaporean
2832:Indo-Fijian
2697:Bangladeshi
2692:Azerbaijani
2409:Cameroonian
2195:Immigration
2005:Palestinian
1831:(1): 5–25.
1586:22 February
1359:The Monthly
1121:robberies."
1043:Tony Abbott
1008:Afghanistan
987:Afghanistan
972:wedge issue
658:Population
595:naturalised
591:Australians
542:Agnosticism
480:Catholicism
440: others
402:Azerbaijani
278:2021 census
3564:Categories
3503:Ni-Vanuatu
3234:Portuguese
3209:Macedonian
3204:Lithuanian
3119:Belarusian
3037:Vietnamese
3000:Sri Lankan
2864:Indonesian
2640:Venezuelan
2630:Salvadoran
2615:Paraguayan
2610:Panamanian
2595:Guatemalan
2590:Ecuadorian
2524:Zimbabwean
2489:Senegalese
2354:Indigenous
2294:West Asian
2280:West Asian
1620:10453/8089
1302:Abs.gov.au
1274:References
1118:appearance
623:wool bales
599:immigrants
187:newspapers
99:improve it
54:improve it
3334:Jordanian
3284:Ukrainian
3224:Norwegian
3189:Icelandic
3184:Hungarian
3129:Bulgarian
2958:Pakistani
2948:Mongolian
2943:Maldivian
2921:Malaysian
2889:Sundanese
2768:Taiwanese
2756:Cantonese
2751:Hong Kong
2736:Cambodian
2709:Bhutanese
2635:Uruguayan
2580:Colombian
2570:Brazilian
2560:Argentine
2504:Tanzanian
2474:Mauritian
2424:Ethiopian
2414:Congolese
2404:Burundian
1980:Jordanian
1908:145065236
1685:SAGE Open
1048:Maronites
1035:Rohingyas
1016:Sri Lanka
655:Ancestry
568:Mandaeism
372:Languages
287:: 248,434
217:July 2022
115:July 2022
103:verifying
60:talk page
3460:Sudanese
3440:Mandaean
3406:Chaldean
3386:Assyrian
3379:Tunisian
3354:Moroccan
3344:Lebanese
3319:Egyptian
3314:Bahraini
3309:Algerian
3244:Romanian
3159:Estonian
3134:Croatian
3109:Austrian
3097:Scottish
3067:Albanian
2926:Bruneian
2896:Japanese
2884:Madurese
2879:Javanese
2874:Balinese
2869:Acehnese
2837:Malayali
2827:Gujarati
2812:Georgian
2807:Filipino
2687:Armenian
2647:Jamaican
2620:Peruvian
2600:Honduran
2565:Bolivian
2545:Canadian
2540:American
2533:Americas
2509:Togolese
2479:Nigerian
2464:Malawian
2459:Liberian
2439:Ghanaian
2429:Gabonese
2419:Eritrean
2399:Beninese
2211:Politics
2164:Mandaean
2159:Chaldean
2154:Assyrian
2113:Sudanese
2030:Bahraini
2020:Tunisian
2000:Moroccan
1990:Lebanese
1970:Egyptian
1965:Algerian
1837:23643922
1707:55882624
1162:See also
1098:Cronulla
1064:Iraq War
808:248,434
589:are the
559:Yazidism
445:Religion
366:: 10,171
361:: 11,027
355:: 15,607
348:: 16,809
341:: 20,106
336:: 29,257
329:: 62,000
322:: 57,859
315:: 60,095
308:: 60,164
301:: 81,119
294:: 87,164
3479:Oceania
3465:Turkish
3435:Kurdish
3426:Israeli
3421:Iranian
3339:Kuwaiti
3324:Emirati
3274:Swedish
3269:Spanish
3264:Slovene
3254:Serbian
3249:Russian
3214:Maltese
3199:Latvian
3194:Italian
3169:Finnish
3139:Cypriot
3124:Bosnian
3114:Belgian
3082:English
3077:Cornish
3027:Turkmen
2978:Punjabi
2973:Pashtun
2931:Kadazan
2916:Laotian
2842:Punjabi
2822:Bengali
2790:Tibetan
2741:Chinese
2714:Burmese
2702:Bengali
2680:Pashtun
2605:Mexican
2575:Chilean
2519:Zambian
2514:Ugandan
2484:Rwandan
2449:Ivorian
2444:Guinean
2434:Gambian
2394:Angolan
2190:General
2183:History
2149:Turkish
2144:Kurdish
2139:Iranian
2072:Israeli
2035:Emirati
1985:Kuwaiti
1465:20 July
1439:20 July
1417:22 July
1307:26 July
1138:Muslims
1052:Yazidis
1022:in the
932:87,164
914:29,257
904:16,809
876:15,607
866:11,027
790:10,171
772:57,859
762:81,119
744:60,164
718:20,106
686:42,346
676:60,095
609:History
544:)
534:Atheism
505:Judaism
490:)
434:Turkish
426:Persian
418:Kurdish
394:Aramaic
201:scholar
97:Please
3535:Tongan
3525:Samoan
3498:Niuean
3486:Fijian
3470:Yezidi
3445:Nubian
3430:Jewish
3411:Darfur
3401:Coptic
3396:Berber
3374:Syrian
3369:Somali
3349:Libyan
3259:Slovak
3239:Romani
3229:Polish
3174:German
3164:French
3149:Danish
3059:Europe
2990:Pathan
2983:Sindhi
2968:Hazara
2963:Baloch
2953:Nepali
2911:Kyrgyz
2906:Korean
2901:Kazakh
2857:Telugu
2847:Sindhi
2817:Indian
2795:Uyghur
2675:Hazara
2670:Afghan
2469:Malian
2454:Kenyan
2386:Africa
2249:Jewish
2244:Arabic
2204:Topics
2174:Yezidi
2169:Nubian
2134:Coptic
2129:Berber
2093:Darfur
2064:Jewish
2045:Qatari
2025:Yemeni
2015:Syrian
1995:Libyan
1906:
1835:
1758:1 June
1744:
1705:
1661:31 May
1635:1 June
1626:
1389:
1298:(XLSX)
1014:, and
940:1,443
922:1,037
894:1,638
834:4,192
816:1,076
782:6,096
726:1,433
666:2,319
615:Muslim
572:·
570:
563:·
561:
555:·
553:
546:·
538:·
536:
525:·
523:
517:·
515:
509:·
507:
501:·
499:
492:·
484:·
482:
475:·
473:
467:·
465:
459:·
457:
438:·
436:
430:·
428:
422:·
420:
414:·
412:
410:Hebrew
406:·
404:
398:·
396:
390:·
388:
386:Arabic
382:·
380:
203:
196:
189:
182:
174:
3513:Māori
3416:Dinka
3364:Saudi
3329:Iraqi
3279:Swiss
3179:Greek
3154:Dutch
3144:Czech
3102:Welsh
3087:Irish
3042:Hmong
3032:Uzbek
3017:Tatar
3012:Tajik
3005:Tamil
2936:Temoq
2852:Tamil
2783:Hoklo
2773:Hakka
2746:Hmong
2724:Karen
2585:Cuban
2122:Other
2098:Dinka
2040:Omani
1975:Iraqi
1904:S2CID
1855:(PDF)
1833:JSTOR
1703:S2CID
1142:Islam
1056:Druze
576:Deism
574:
565:
557:
548:
540:
527:
521:Druze
519:
511:
503:
497:Islam
494:
486:
477:
469:
461:
432:
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
208:JSTOR
194:books
3549:and
3450:Nuer
3391:Bari
3304:Arab
3047:Mien
3022:Thai
2763:Mien
2719:Chin
2662:Asia
2103:Nuer
2088:Bari
1957:Arab
1810:2013
1787:2013
1760:2013
1742:ISBN
1721:link
1663:2013
1637:2013
1624:ISBN
1588:2019
1562:2015
1536:2015
1508:2015
1467:2013
1441:2013
1419:2013
1387:ISBN
1366:2015
1309:2022
1062:and
1054:and
1012:Iran
995:Iraq
993:and
991:Iran
948:876
858:168
850:185
842:130
826:918
798:815
710:340
694:166
530:None
180:news
3295:and
2729:Mon
1896:doi
1867:doi
1693:doi
1616:hdl
884:23
752:63
734:15
702:95
625:by
163:by
101:by
3566::
2292:/
2278:/
1902:.
1892:43
1890:.
1861:.
1857:.
1829:51
1827:.
1740:.
1717:}}
1713:{{
1701:.
1687:.
1683:.
1671:^
1622:.
1596:^
1579:.
1553:.
1524:.
1498:.
1458:.
1410:.
1357:.
1345:^
1300:.
1282:^
1140:,
1050:,
1010:,
989:,
633:.
63:.
3428:/
2328:e
2321:t
2314:v
1941:e
1934:t
1927:v
1910:.
1898::
1869::
1863:1
1839:.
1812:.
1789:.
1762:.
1723:)
1709:.
1695::
1689:3
1665:.
1639:.
1618::
1590:.
1564:.
1538:.
1510:.
1469:.
1443:.
1421:.
1395:.
1368:.
1311:.
1079:.
532:(
453:(
280:)
276:(
248:)
242:(
230:)
224:(
219:)
215:(
205:·
198:·
191:·
184:·
157:.
128:)
122:(
117:)
113:(
95:.
70:)
66:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
