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Russian explorers. Two major volcanoes are located toward the southern tip of this island. One crater is above sea level, while the other one is below sea level. As of 1929, the activity of these two volcanos is unknown, but during that year, some volcanic activity was detected underground these two natural structures. Surrounding these summits are multiple sites of hot springs. The average temperature of this region is approximately nine degrees celsius, and it is home to plenty of wildlife. But today, these islands have no human populations living on them, however, there has been evidence that a pre-Aleutian civilization existed. In fact, this island has a rich prehistoric history. This evidence has been well-preserved due to the lack of erosion and wildlife disturbances. Kagamil Island is an area of numerous cave systems. Archaeologists have created many excavation sites, and they found that these caves hide multiple mummies. Although similar to the mummies found in Egypt, there are many differences that these cave mummies have compared to the ones found in Egypt. Several studies have been conducted on these specimens, and they reveal much about the prehistoric society. In addition, hair and feather fragments have also been analyzed from the mummies.
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occurred in the area. Among these tools, they found that a great portion were made from bird bones. With these bones, it appears that they stitched together fragments to create blad-like structures, which suggests that these early people lived in a hunter-gatherer society. In addition to bone tools, this early society seemed to use stone tools as well. At the time when the volcanoes were active, the most abundant rock was obsidian. Archaeologists have found many obsidian flakes as well as obsidian cores. They used these obsidian flakes to build various tools. Although their tools suggest that they may have lived a hunter-gatherer life, archaeologists have also found remains of permanent dwellings among the volcanic ash. These dwellings appear to be purposed for permanent dwellings as there have been multiple living units discovered in the spaces. In fact, in some excavation sites, archaeologists have found up to 300 individual houses. Within these houses, works of pottery and netting were found. This raises the point that these people have developed the skill of fishing to provide for their community.
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as meat and fish, than the paleo populations, therefore, their bones had a smaller N15 to N14 ratio. Consistent with this finding is the discovery of the size and shape of their skeletons’ craniums. The paleo population appeared to have more docile post-cranials while the neo population had a rounder and wider cranium. Because the cranial capacity of the neo population was larger, it suggests that the neo population had higher tool-making and decision-making abilities. With their more advanced tools, the neo population were able to gain access to higher trophic-level food compared to their paleo-counterparts. Hence, they were able to use obsidian tools and netting.
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these bird species to obtain insight of the past environment of the
Kagamil islands. They use microscopic details because these bird feathers have microscopic features such as barbs that help with this identification. In addition, these specimens from the excavation site reveal that pre-Aleutian society not only used the feathers, but they also used bird skin for many purposes.
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Isotopic analysis from three excavation sites were analyzed, and the researchers found that the paleo and neo population differed greatly in their diet, likely due to the changes in environment over time. Their bone chemistries suggest that the neo population diet had higher trophic level food, such
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Using isotopic data to analyze the bone structures, scientists have discovered that the island had two different groups of inhabitants that used to live on this piece of land: the paleo-Aleut and the Neo-Aleut. Studies suggest that the Paleo population existed approximately 1000 years ago, and were
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Feather samples among the mummies have also been closely analyzed. Scientists and archaeologists working on the
Kagamil island have cooperated to try and identify these species from which these feathers came from. Researchers used microscopic evidence to find the exact family, genus, and species of
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Recently, two skeletons have been discovered in these caves along with many tools. These skeletons were found among volcanic ash remains. Archaeologists have conducted radiocarbon dating of the specimens, and they found that these date back to approximately 3000 BC when the last volcanic eruption
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Kagamil Island is one of the four mountains of the
Aleutian Archipelago. It is located on the Western tip of Alaska, bordering the Bering Sea. This island was given the Unangam Tunuu name by Captain Tebenov in 1852 when he discovered the island. Kagamil had also received various names by other
87:. It is 6.2 miles (10.0 km) in length and up to 3.1 miles (5.0 km) in width. The southern half of the island is dominated by the Kagamil Volcano, which has two summits: one is 2,930 feet (890 m) above sea level, while the other is lower at 2,260 feet (690 m).
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discovered a cave on the island containing 13 native mummies. Over 50 bodies were recovered by
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297:"The Aleutian and Commander islands and their inhabitants"
240:Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
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128:Subpopulations of early Kagamil Island inhabitants
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166:. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
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301:Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology
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1070:Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska
133:later replaced by the Neo population.
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236:"Global Volcanism Program | Kagamil"
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382:Aleutian Islands - Kagamil Island
345:Journal of Archaeological Science
119:Feather samples among the mummies
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208:The Scientific Study of Mummies
205:Aufderheide, Arthur C. (2003).
211:. Cambridge University Press.
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194:– via Newspapers.com.
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186:. April 5, 1896. p. 6
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392:picture of Kagamil Island
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73:Islands of Four Mountains
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48:North Cove of the island
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415:52.99306°N 169.71194°W
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532:Anangula (Ananiuliak)
101:History and geography
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420:52.99306; -169.71194
273:(2): 239–277. 1970.
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263:"Current Research"
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91:Henry Wood Elliott
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39:Location in Alaska
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323:repository.si.edu
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832:St. Michael
827:St. Matthew
627:Hagemeister
418: /
406:169°42′43″W
1054:Categories
677:Karaginsky
667:Kamen Ariy
597:Chuginadak
461:Bering Sea
403:52°59′35″N
245:2024-04-21
146:References
71:), in the
994:Krenitzin
969:Commander
959:Andreanof
762:Sagchudak
682:Kasatochi
657:Kagalaska
512:Amatignak
365:0305-4403
279:0002-7316
61:Qagaamila
1009:Pribilof
954:Aleutian
932:Yttygran
897:Unalaska
837:St. Paul
707:Kritskoi
687:Khvostof
592:Chagulak
587:Carlisle
577:Bogoslof
552:Avatanak
517:Amchitka
162:(1994).
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979:Diomede
974:Delarof
937:Yunaska
857:Tigalda
847:Tagalak
787:Sedanka
767:Samalga
737:Oglodak
732:Nunivak
702:Koniuji
662:Kagamil
647:Igitkin
642:Herbert
637:Hawadax
617:Gareloi
567:Besboro
507:Amaknak
384:at the
190:19 July
69:Кагамил
65:Russian
1034:Walrus
927:Wislow
917:Walrus
912:Unimak
882:Uliaga
872:Ugidak
867:Ugamak
852:Tanaga
842:Stuart
817:Sledge
812:Skagul
807:Shemya
797:Segula
792:Seguam
757:Rootok
727:Nelson
672:Kanaga
607:Derbin
602:Chugul
582:Buldir
572:Bobrof
562:Bering
527:Amukta
497:Akutan
487:Aiktak
482:Agattu
477:Adugak
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1024:Sanak
1014:Punuk
892:Umnak
772:Sanak
742:Otter
722:Medny
697:Kiska
557:Aziak
522:Amlia
319:(PDF)
57:Aleut
1029:Seal
1004:Near
964:Baby
887:Umak
877:Ulak
692:King
652:Ilak
632:Hall
547:Attu
542:Atka
502:Amak
492:Akun
472:Adak
361:ISSN
275:ISSN
213:ISBN
192:2019
1019:Rat
989:Fox
752:Poa
612:Egg
353:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
