264:
298:
374:
326:
333:
305:
627:
The depositional environment of the Kaili
Formation is not entirely known, and there are two hypotheses for its formation. It may have been a nearshore marine environment with 'normal' levels of oxygenation; or it may have been a deeper water environment further from the shore, on the open
628:
continental shelf; in this setting oxygen would not be available below the surface layers of the deposited sediment. The trace fossil assemblages in the formation suggest that it was below the wave base and was reasonably well-oxygenated.
840:
Wang, Y.; Lin, J. P.; Zhao, Y. L.; Orr, P. J. (2009). "Palaeoecology of the trace fossil Gordia and its interaction with nonmineralizing taxa from the early Middle
Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou Province, South China".
1231:
1123:
Arne Thorshøj
Nielsen, Per Ahlberg (2019). "The Miaolingian, a new name for the 'Middle' Cambrian (Cambrian Series 3): identification of lower and upper boundaries in Baltoscandia".
1401:
1391:
1164:"Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China"
924:
1224:
1188:
1217:
652:
with hard parts that are easily preserved are the most common fossils, but many animals with only soft tissues are also preserved. For example, the
297:
1361:
876:
Lin, J. P.; Gon, S. M.; Gehling, J. G.; Babcock, L. E.; Zhao, Y. L.; Zhang, X. L.; Hu, S. X.; Yuan, J. L.; Yu, M. Y.; Peng, J. (2006). "A
325:
1080:
Rozanov, A. Yu.; Maoyan Zhu; K. L. Pak; P. Yu. Parkhaev (2008). "The 2nd Sino-Russian
Symposium on the Lower Cambrian Subdivision".
689:. In terms of age, this biota is located between the two most important and famous Cambrian Lagerstätten: the middle Lower Cambrian
1406:
1366:
1158:
Yuanlong Zhao; Jinliang Yuan; Loren E. Babcock; Qingjun Guo; Jin Peng; Leiming Yin; Xinglian Yang; Shanchi Peng; Chunjiang Wang;
587:
998:
Lin, J.; et al. (2006). "Silicified egg clusters from a Middle
Cambrian Burgess Shale–type deposit, Guizhou, south China".
1240:
612:(~513 to 506 million years ago). The formation is approximately 200 metres (660 ft) thick and was named after the city
1386:
534:
1034:
1381:
170:
955:
700:
Some other notable fossils discovered at Kaili are putative invertebrate eggs and embryos, trace fossils of the genus
644:; of these, some 40 genera are also found in the Burgess Shale, and some 30 are also found in the Maotianshan Shale.
1376:
1163:
216:
177:
1050:
798:
751:
605:
462:
1396:
1371:
685:
Zone, contains a
Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätte with many well-preserved fossils known collectively as the
792:
787:
759:
681:
1340:
1304:
1035:"Long stalked eocriuoids in basal Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China"
977:"Progress and significance in research on the early Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou Province,China"
373:
1132:
1089:
1007:
975:
ZHAO Yuanlong; YUAN Jinliang; ZHU Maoyan; YANG Ruidong; GUO Qingjun; PENG Jin; YANG Xinglian (2002).
939:
889:
850:
580:
553:
405:
109:
1330:
1259:
1105:
1062:
905:
502:
395:
365:
976:
1269:
1054:
690:
1335:
1279:
1178:
1159:
1140:
1097:
1046:
1015:
947:
897:
858:
783:
1284:
1162:; Jorge Esteve; Tongsu Tai; Ruidong Yang; Yue Wang; Haijing Sun; Yuning Yang (June 2019).
660:
621:
573:
423:
778:
An outcrop of the Kaili
Formation, the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section, was a candidate for the
1136:
1093:
1011:
943:
925:"Cambrian Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten in South China: Distribution and significance"
893:
854:
742:
673:
669:
454:
209:
1355:
1299:
1289:
1264:
1254:
1183:
1109:
1066:
790:
of two trilobites from the formation are proposed to be the official stage boundary,
694:
494:
400:
390:
66:
24:
909:
1294:
1274:
722:
717:
707:
664:
509:
445:
1209:
1144:
862:
1320:
811:
559:
431:
41:
1325:
1101:
901:
613:
548:
481:
438:
284:
86:
51:
1058:
951:
231:
218:
192:
179:
693:(containing the Chengjiang Biota), also from China: and the Middle Cambrian
653:
649:
645:
476:
158:
150:
132:
91:
35:
734:
609:
487:
470:
136:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
28:
815:
803:
728:
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617:
251:
96:
71:
1019:
702:
656:
641:
637:
807:
269:
140:
779:
154:
1213:
814:
series (Cambrian Series 3, "Middle" Cambrian) as well as the
636:
The faunal assemblage is highly diverse, comprising some 110
372:
802:. Both can be correlated with formations of similar age in
1051:
10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[1058:LSEITB]2.0.CO;2
676:
of South
Australia has been found at the Kaili site.
1313:
1247:
880:-like arthropod from the Cambrian of South China".
280:
275:
257:
247:
208:
169:
164:
146:
128:
123:
115:
105:
18:
923:Zhang, Xingliang; Wei Liu; Yuanlong Zhao (2008).
843:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
608:which was deposited during the Lower and Middle
1225:
818:stage was finally defined in this formation.
741:The Kaili Formation is subdivided into three
581:
8:
679:The middle part of the Kaili Formation, the
1232:
1218:
1210:
1033:Parsley, Ronald L.; Zhao Yuanlong (2006).
970:
968:
835:
833:
831:
588:
574:
353:
15:
1402:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia
1392:Cambrian northern paleotemperate deposits
1182:
827:
363:
332:
304:
7:
14:
331:
324:
303:
296:
262:
1241:Burgess Shale-type preservation
1194:from the original on 2022-03-04
774:GSSP for the Cambrian Series 3
1:
1145:10.1080/11035897.2019.1621374
706:(not to be confused with the
535:Cambrian substrate revolution
1362:Geologic formations of China
1184:10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019013
863:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.017
210:Approximate paleocoordinates
981:Progress in Natural Science
1423:
1102:10.1134/S0031030108040151
902:10.1080/08912960500508689
782:for the beginning of the
340:Kaili Formation (Guizhou)
290:
119:~200 m (660 ft)
23:
952:10.1016/j.gr.2007.06.008
810:. In 2018, GSSP for the
799:Ovatoryctocara granulata
752:Ovatoryctocara granulata
1407:Paleontology in Guizhou
1367:Cambrian System of Asia
1082:Paleontological Journal
1039:Journal of Paleontology
606:stratigraphic formation
312:Kaili Formation (China)
793:Oryctocephalus indicus
760:Oryctocephalus indicus
750:Bathynotus holopygous–
682:Oryctocephalus indicus
377:
1341:Llanfallteg Formation
1314:Ordovician localities
786:of the Cambrian. The
767:Olenoides jialaoensis
697:, known from Canada.
522:Evolutionary concepts
376:
1387:Open marine deposits
554:Convergent evolution
110:Geological formation
1382:Mudstone formations
1248:Cambrian localities
1137:2019GFF...141..162N
1094:2008PalJ...42..441R
1012:2006Geo....34.1037L
944:2008GondR..14..255Z
894:2006HBio...18...33L
855:2009PPP...277..141W
358:Part of a series on
343:Show map of Guizhou
228: /
189: /
25:Stratigraphic range
1331:Fezouata Formation
1305:Zawiszyn Formation
882:Historical Biology
503:Small shelly fauna
378:
366:Cambrian explosion
1349:
1348:
1270:Kinzers Formation
1020:10.1130/G23006A.1
1006:(12): 1037–1040.
932:Gondwana Research
691:Maotianshan Shale
598:
597:
385:Fossil localities
352:
351:
315:Show map of China
1414:
1377:Shale formations
1336:Winneshiek Shale
1280:Poleta Formation
1234:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1168:
1160:Robert R. Gaines
1155:
1149:
1148:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1045:(6): 1058–1071.
1030:
1024:
1023:
995:
989:
988:
972:
963:
962:
960:
954:. Archived from
938:(1–2): 255–262.
929:
920:
914:
913:
873:
867:
866:
849:(1–2): 141–148.
837:
590:
583:
576:
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101:
38:
16:
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1285:Qingjiang biota
1243:
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922:
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917:
875:
874:
870:
839:
838:
829:
824:
776:
743:trilobite zones
659:similar to the
634:
622:southwest China
602:Kaili Formation
594:
565:
564:
523:
515:
514:
424:Ediacaran biota
419:
411:
410:
386:
348:
347:
346:
345:
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69:
64:
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33:
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19:Kaili Formation
12:
11:
5:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Cambrian China
1369:
1364:
1354:
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1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
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1302:
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1262:
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1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1177:(2): 165–184.
1150:
1131:(2): 162-173.
1115:
1088:(4): 441–446.
1072:
1025:
990:
964:
961:on 2014-07-14.
915:
868:
826:
825:
823:
820:
775:
772:
771:
770:
764:
756:
710:), as well as
674:Ediacara Hills
670:Neoproterozoic
633:
630:
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491:
484:
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455:Vernanimalcula
451:
450:
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435:
427:
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417:
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409:
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403:
398:
393:
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278:
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273:
272:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
232:35.1°N 161.3°E
212:
206:
205:
193:24.9°N 102.5°E
173:
167:
166:
162:
161:
148:
144:
143:
130:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
39:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1419:
1408:
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1403:
1400:
1398:
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1342:
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1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Wheeler Shale
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Sirius Passet
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Emu Bay Shale
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Burgess Shale
1253:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1161:
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1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
991:
987:(9): 649–654.
986:
982:
978:
971:
969:
965:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
919:
916:
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903:
899:
895:
891:
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883:
879:
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869:
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844:
836:
834:
832:
828:
821:
819:
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805:
801:
800:
795:
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789:
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781:
773:
768:
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762:
761:
757:
754:
753:
748:
747:
746:
744:
739:
737:
736:
731:
730:
725:
724:
719:
718:chancellorids
715:
714:
709:
708:Gordian worms
705:
704:
698:
696:
695:Burgess Shale
692:
688:
684:
683:
677:
675:
671:
667:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
631:
629:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
591:
586:
584:
579:
577:
572:
571:
569:
568:
561:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
543:
540:
539:
536:
533:
532:
529:
526:
525:
519:
518:
511:
510:Helcionellids
508:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
495:Odontogriphus
492:
490:
489:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
452:
448:
447:
443:
442:
441:
440:
436:
434:
433:
429:
428:
425:
422:
421:
418:Key organisms
415:
414:
407:
404:
402:
401:Sirius Passet
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:Burgess Shale
389:
388:
382:
381:
375:
371:
370:
367:
362:
359:
356:
355:
327:
299:
289:
286:
283:
279:
274:
271:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
241:
213:
211:
207:
202:
174:
172:
168:
163:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
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118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
34:513–506
30:
26:
22:
17:
1397:Lagerstätten
1295:Spence Shale
1275:Pioche Shale
1196:. Retrieved
1174:
1170:
1153:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1003:
999:
993:
984:
980:
956:the original
935:
931:
918:
888:(1): 33–45.
885:
881:
878:Parvancorina
877:
871:
846:
842:
797:
791:
777:
766:
758:
749:
740:
733:
727:
723:Microdictyon
721:
711:
701:
699:
686:
680:
678:
665:Parvancorina
663:
635:
626:
620:province of
601:
599:
560:crown groups
493:
486:
469:
463:Burgess-type
453:
446:Kimberichnus
444:
437:
430:
357:
276:Type section
1321:Castle Bank
812:Miaolingian
687:Kaili Biota
604:(凯里組) is a
432:Dickinsonia
237:35.1; 161.3
235: /
198:24.9; 102.5
196: /
171:Coordinates
1356:Categories
1326:Soom Shale
1260:Chengjiang
822:References
650:eocrinoids
646:Trilobites
549:Cladistics
482:Halwaxiids
477:Radiodonts
439:Kimberella
406:Doushantuo
396:Chengjiang
1110:129626166
1067:128645059
1059:0022-3360
784:5th stage
661:Ediacaran
654:arthropod
640:among 11
558:Stem and
281:Named for
159:limestone
151:Siltstone
133:Claystone
124:Lithology
116:Thickness
1198:19 March
1189:Archived
1171:Episodes
910:85821717
735:Marrella
610:Cambrian
488:Opabinia
471:Marrella
223:161°18′E
184:102°30′E
165:Location
137:mudstone
29:Cambrian
1133:Bibcode
1090:Bibcode
1008:Bibcode
1000:Geology
940:Bibcode
890:Bibcode
851:Bibcode
816:Wuliuan
804:Siberia
729:Wiwaxia
713:Naraoia
668:of the
632:Fossils
618:Guizhou
616:in the
258:Country
252:Guizhou
220:35°06′N
181:24°54′N
129:Primary
1108:
1065:
1057:
908:
732:, and
703:Gordia
657:Skania
638:genera
541:Themes
527:Trends
267:
248:Region
1192:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
1106:S2CID
1063:S2CID
959:(PDF)
928:(PDF)
906:S2CID
808:China
642:phyla
614:Kaili
285:Kaili
270:China
147:Other
141:shale
1200:2024
1055:ISSN
806:and
796:and
780:GSSP
769:Zone
763:Zone
755:Zone
672:age
648:and
600:The
364:The
155:marl
106:Type
42:PreꞒ
1179:doi
1141:doi
1129:141
1125:GFF
1098:doi
1047:doi
1016:doi
948:doi
898:doi
859:doi
847:277
788:FAD
1358::
1187:.
1175:42
1173:.
1169:.
1139:.
1127:.
1104:.
1096:.
1086:42
1084:.
1061:.
1053:.
1043:80
1041:.
1037:.
1014:.
1004:34
1002:.
985:12
983:.
979:.
967:^
946:.
936:14
934:.
930:.
904:.
896:.
886:18
884:.
857:.
845:.
830:^
745::
738:.
726:,
720:,
716:,
624:.
157:,
153:,
139:,
135:,
92:Pg
36:Ma
27::
1233:e
1226:t
1219:v
1202:.
1181::
1147:.
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