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brought by pack bullocks from
Jambunath Konda, the dome-shaped hill at the Hospet end of the SandÅĢr range, and was smelted and worked by men of the Kammara community. Of late years, the cheaper English iron has completely ousted the country product, the smelting industry is dead, and the Kammaras confine themselves to making and mending the boilers with English material. They have a temple of their own, dedicated to KÄli, in the village, where the worship is conducted by one of themselves." The name Baita Kammara, meaning outside blacksmiths, is applied to Kamsala blacksmiths, who work in the open air or outside a village."*
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Recently, most members have given up their traditional occupations and have resorted to other jobs. It is noted in the
Bellary Gazetteer that "until recently the manufacture of the huge shallow iron pans, in which the sugar-cane is boiled, was a considerable industry at KÄmalÄpuram. The iron was
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140:; a maker of tools and weapons (Mar. ÅikalagÄra); ā¤¤ā¤¤ā¤ ā¤¸ā¤¨āĨā¤§ā¤žā¤¯ ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤Žā¤˛ā¤žā¤¨āĨ ā¤ā¤˛āĨā¤˛ā¤žā¤¨āĨ ā¤ā¤°āĨā¤Žā¤žā¤°ā¤Žā¤žā¤°āĨā¤ā¤ŋā¤¤ā¤žā¤¨āĨ (tataá¸Ĩ saášdhÄya vimalÄn bhallÄn karmÄramÄrjitÄn). Since
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and craftsmanship. Owing to their usefulness they were held in great esteem by the people and king alike. They worship goddess
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The name KammÄra/kammar (in
Prakrit/pali/kannada) / KarmÄra (in Sanskrit) means a smith, artist, mechanic, craftsman, sculptor,
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Veerraju, P.; Babu, M. Sudhakar; Jaikishan, G.; Naidu, J. M.; Blake, N. M. (1982).
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are blacksmiths since ancient times, situated in the state of
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This article about an Indian ethnicity or social group is a
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Ancient blacksmiths in the state of
Karnataka in India
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