327:(Pulkovo had no associated educational institutions). Both works were in the field of optics, in particular, the master thesis was titled "On Fresnel interference phenomenon – theoretical and experimental work"—according to Struve himself, despite the family traditions, he did not intend then to become an astronomer. Later, however, he became excited with his father's project of building a 30-inch telescope at Pulkovo, with its fantastic new possibilities for observation. Struve made extensive use of this telescope in his work. In 1883, he was appointed adjunct astronomer at Pulkovo Observatory.
335:
as the senior astronomer at
Pulkovo with the understanding that he should become director after completing his Saturn work. However, the death of Alexander III in 1894 freed Struve from this task. Pro-Russian views were gradually developing in Russian society, including science, and foreigners felt progressively more alienated. Therefore, when in 1895 Struve was offered the position of professor at Königsberg University, he gladly accepted and moved his family to Germany. There, he succeeded
501:. The same year, he introduced an intersatelite method of correcting orbital position of satellites. The method was rather successful because systematic errors in visual observations of some planets, such as Mars, were unacceptably large. Struve, however, realized that the method had flaws and recommended combining planet/satellite and intersatellite measurements. In 1892, Struve discovered libration of two other moons of Saturn,
42:
429:. After escaping from Soviet Russia in 1920, for a year and a half he was stranded penniless in Turkey. Otto wrote to his uncle for help, unaware of his death, but Eva asked assistance of Paul Guthnick, her late husband's successor at the Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory. Whereas Guthnick was not in a position to offer a job to Struve in Germany, he highly recommended Struve to the director of
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343:. Struve was also called for the task of rescuing the Berlin Observatory. It was then located in the center of Berlin where astronomy observations were not practical and rents were too high, and discussions of its relocation stalled. Struve managed to sell the old observatory site so profitably that he could build a new observatory from scratch. The location was chosen at
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had a strong wish for
Hermann to succeed his father Otto as the director of the Pulkovo Observatory. However, Hermann politely declined the offer, mentioning that he was in the middle of crucial observations of Saturn which would be interrupted by administrative tasks. In 1890, Struve was appointed
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Whereas many colleagues described Struve as a stern and serious person, within his family, he was seen as a cultivated man, who enjoyed music and friends and was very proud of the Struve family traditions. Yet even among relatives, he was known as inflexible in matters of principle.
266:(now known as Tartu). While studying there, in 1874–1875, Struve participated in an expedition to observe transit of Venus through the disk of the Sun. That observation was carried out at Port Poisset on the Asiatic East Coast. After graduation in 1877, he became a member of the
366:, which would then become the largest telescope in Germany. While he did not get to operate them himself due to delays caused by World War I, the refractor was much used by his son Georg, and the reflector by his lesser-known grandson
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After moving to Königsberg
Observatory, Struve built a 32.5-inch refractor telescope there and continued his work on the moons of Saturn, the last observations of which he made in 1916. His other topics included a study of
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and from 1904 until his death in 1920, he served as director of the Berlin-Babelsberg
Observatory. Struve's death was accelerated by a heart illness which he suffered from during his late years and by a bad fall from a
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Struve was known not only as an astronomer, but also as a mathematician. In 1882, he introduced a function to describe the intensity of a luminous line. This function also describes solutions of
1800:
226:. Continuing the family tradition, Struve's research was focused on determining the positions of stellar objects. He was particularly known for his work on satellites of planets of the
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In 1881, Struve obtained his master's degree at the
Imperial University of Dorpat, with the highest honors, and in 1882 defended a PhD thesis at
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902:
536:, drawings of Jupiter, determination of the position of Mars' equator, the amount of its oblateness and the rate of motion of the nodes.
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and was sent abroad for two-year post-graduate studies. Accompanied by his cousin's husband, Struve stayed in several cities, including
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As with all astronomers of the Struve family, Herman was mostly working on establishing positions and movements of single and
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Yerkes
Observatory, 1892–1950: the birth, near death, and resurrection of a scientific research institution
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and development of the intersatellite method of correcting their orbital position. The mathematical
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and 25 kilometers (16 mi) from the center of Berlin, and the new institution was named
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and visiting nobility, located 26 kilometers (16 mi) south from the center of
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In 1885, Struve married the daughter of a cousin of his father. They had a son,
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was named in honor of Herman, Otto
Wilhelm and Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve.
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591:
Batten, A. H. (1977). "The
Struves of Pulkovo – A Family of Astronomers".
497:) and explained it by the perturbing action of the largest Saturn's moon,
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Hermann von Struve was a part of the famous group of astronomers from the
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from
Pulkovo because it was too far south. In 1888, Struve discovered
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and satellites of the planets of the Solar System. In 1885, a 30-inch
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Andre Jolles (1874–1946): "gebildeter Vagant"; brieven en documenten
421:, and a daughter, Elisabeth. George was born on 29 December 1886 in
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By then, the Struve family was highly respected in Russia and Tsar
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was installed at
Pulkovo, at the time the largest in the world (a
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Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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in 1919. He broke a thigh, and while recovering in a
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21 September] 1854 – 12 August 1920) was a
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Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
851:"Beitrag zur Theorie der Diffraction an Fernröhren"
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Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
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1801:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
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625:. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 301.
8:
1771:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
809:Galactic and solar system optical astrometry
554:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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120:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1781:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
806:L. V. Morrison, G. F. Gilmore, ed. (1994).
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355:. There, he started installing a 26-inch
509:. His observations of the moon of Mars,
384:In 1905, Struve became professor of the
664:(in Russian), St. Petersburg University
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699:History of astronomy: an encyclopedia
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208:Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve
25:
919:"Astronomy and the Struve Family"
191:, his name is sometimes given as
1786:Scientists from Saint Petersburg
961:Dictionary of minor planet names
1776:19th-century German astronomers
1766:20th-century German astronomers
609:(Contains a photo of Wilfried.)
518:Bessel's differential equation
377:Hermann von Struve c.1900, by
1:
855:Annalen der Physik und Chemie
544:In 1897, Struve received the
353:Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory
264:Imperial University of Dorpat
110:Imperial University of Dorpat
461:. His other major topic was
890:Progress in Optics Volume 1
783:University of Chicago Press
325:Saint Petersburg University
258:. He attended gymnasium in
242:Herman was born in 1854 in
199:(Герман Оттонович Струве).
195:(Герман Оттович Струве) or
59:21 September] 1854
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1796:University of Tartu alumni
897:. 2010-05-21. p. 92.
814:Cambridge University Press
550:French Academy of Sciences
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964:. Springer. p. 73.
875:10.1002/andp.18822531319
262:and in 1872 entered the
197:German Ottonovich Struve
27:Baltic German astronomer
1217:Johann Christoph Gustav
743:(2662): 316–317. 1920.
481:. He could not observe
337:Wilhelm Julius Foerster
212:Otto Wilhelm von Struve
174:Karl Hermann von Struve
696:John Lankford (1997).
530:atmospheric refraction
465:, but he also studied
381:
341:Königsberg Observatory
276:
193:German Ottovich Struve
155:Königsberg Observatory
1489:Vasily Berngardovich
837:Струве Герман Оттович
376:
176:(3 October [
87:, Oberamt Neuenbürg,
773:Donald E. Osterbrock
733:"Dr. Hermann Struve"
704:Taylor & Francis
619:Walter Thys (2000).
451:refracting telescope
386:University of Berlin
320:among other things.
234:is named after him.
55:3 October [
1499:Peter Berngardovich
935:1944Natur.154Q.206.
929:(3902): 206. 1944.
867:1882AnP...253.1008S
849:Struve, H. (1882).
749:1920Natur.106..316.
605:1977JRASC..71..345B
268:Pulkovo Observatory
256:St. Petersburg
148:Pulkovo Observatory
18:Karl Hermann Struve
1721:Nikita Alexeyevich
1014:Struve family tree
785:. pp. 78–79.
679:2011-07-26 at the
660:2011-05-14 at the
431:Yerkes Observatory
419:Georg Otto Hermann
382:
159:Berlin Observatory
46:Hermann von Struve
34:Hermann von Struve
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1605:Vasily Vasilevich
904:978-0-444-53333-3
861:(13): 1008–1016.
540:Awards and honors
250:residence of the
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128:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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455:great refractor
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1378:
1369:
1368:Johann Ludwig
1358:
1338:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1198:
1169:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1096:
1094:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1047:Mathematician
1043:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
989:
987:
986:
983:
973:
971:3-540-00238-3
967:
963:
962:
954:
951:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
914:
911:
906:
900:
896:
892:
891:
884:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
842:
838:
833:
830:
825:
823:0-521-46240-1
819:
815:
811:
810:
802:
799:
794:
792:0-226-63946-0
788:
784:
780:
779:
774:
768:
765:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
726:
724:
720:
715:
713:0-8153-0322-X
709:
705:
701:
700:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
674:Struve family
670:
667:
663:
659:
656:
653:
647:
645:
643:
639:
634:
632:3-934565-11-5
628:
624:
623:
615:
612:
606:
602:
598:
594:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
573:
566:
564:
562:
561:768 Struveana
559:
555:
551:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
525:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:(the seventh
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
408:
406:
404:
400:
399:Bad Herrenalb
396:
392:
387:
380:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Neubabelsberg
342:
338:
333:
332:Alexander III
328:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Ludwig Struve
213:
209:
205:
204:Struve family
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
182:Baltic German
179:
175:
166:
160:
156:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
100:Baltic German
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:Bad Herrenalb
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1738:
1468:Karl Hermann
1326:Otto Wilhelm
981:
960:
953:
926:
922:
913:
889:
883:
858:
854:
844:
839:(in Russian)
832:
808:
801:
777:
767:
740:
736:
698:
683:(in Russian)
669:
651:
621:
614:
596:
592:
543:
526:
515:
459:double stars
447:double stars
444:
416:
412:
403:heart attack
401:, died of a
383:
329:
322:
241:
228:Solar System
201:
196:
192:
173:
172:
144:Institutions
127:
79:(1920-08-12)
1761:1920 deaths
1756:1854 births
1724:(1931–2016)
1689:(1914–1992)
1628:(1899–1976)
1619:(1898–1985)
1608:(1889–1965)
1597:(1897–1963)
1586:(1886–1933)
1502:(1870–1944)
1491:(1854–1912)
1482:(1858–1920)
1471:(1854–1920)
1380:(1805–1870)
1371:(1812–1898)
1360:(1835–1907)
1349:(1827–1889)
1340:(1822–1908)
1329:(1819–1905)
1220:(1763–1828)
1209:(1795–1828)
1200:(1793–1864)
1189:(1788–1829)
1182:(1786–1822)
1175:Philologist
1173:(1785–1838)
1045:(1755–1841)
310:Weierstrass
246:, a former
220:Otto Struve
218:and nephew
162:(1904–1920)
151:(1882–1895)
96:Nationality
1750:Categories
1691:Astronomer
1599:Astronomer
1588:Astronomer
1509:Alexander
1484:Astronomer
1473:Astronomer
1382:Politician
1362:Politician
1331:Astronomer
1202:Astronomer
567:References
534:parallaxes
532:, stellar
475:fifth moon
395:sanatorium
314:satellites
277:Strasbourg
214:, brother
185:astronomer
1610:Historian
1347:Berngard
1211:Anatomist
548:from the
507:Enceladus
487:libration
364:reflector
360:refractor
306:Boltzmann
302:Kirchhoff
298:Helmholtz
272:Straßburg
238:Biography
210:, father
138:Astronomy
1686:Wilfried
1626:Aleksey
1337:Heinrich
1222:Diplomat
895:Elsevier
775:(1997).
677:Archived
658:Archived
558:asteroid
491:Hyperion
473:and the
441:Research
391:tram car
368:Wilfried
1342:Chemist
1197:Wilhelm
1187:Gustav
931:Bibcode
863:Bibcode
745:Bibcode
601:Bibcode
599:: 345.
479:Jupiter
471:Neptune
435:Chicago
349:Potsdam
347:, near
248:Russian
224:Germany
189:Russian
122:in 1903
1739:Notes:
1726:Author
1377:Gustav
1207:Ludwig
1180:Ernst
968:
923:Nature
901:
820:
789:
737:Nature
710:
652:et al.
629:
511:Phobos
483:Uranus
463:Saturn
318:Saturn
294:Berlin
260:Vyborg
134:Fields
116:Awards
1171:Carl
1042:Jacob
503:Mimas
499:Titan
357:Zeiss
286:Milan
282:Paris
187:. In
1621:Poet
1616:Gleb
1594:Otto
1357:Karl
966:ISBN
899:ISBN
818:ISBN
787:ISBN
708:ISBN
627:ISBN
505:and
467:Mars
427:Otto
308:and
292:and
290:Graz
178:O.S.
74:Died
57:O.S.
52:Born
939:doi
927:154
871:doi
753:doi
741:106
489:of
477:of
433:in
397:in
316:of
280:),
1752::
937:.
925:.
921:.
893:.
869:.
859:17
857:.
853:.
812:.
781:.
751:.
739:.
735:.
722:^
702:.
688:^
641:^
597:71
595:.
575:^
524:.
469:,
405:.
370:.
304:,
300:,
288:,
284:,
65:,
1007:e
1000:t
993:v
974:.
947:.
941::
933::
907:.
877:.
873::
865::
826:.
795:.
761:.
755::
747::
716:.
635:.
607:.
603::
274:(
20:)
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