275:, however, teaches that in reality strategy often emerges from actions and behaviours at various organizational levels, and furthermore that this is desirable. Thus if both views are recognized there are two major types of process through which strategy may be formed: deliberate, and emergent. There has been vigorous debate concerning the extent to which each of these strategy formation processes is usual or appropriate.
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Although he introduced a number of strategy precepts, Andrews did not set out a detailed concept of what strategy is. Instead he said that he chose to "sidestep the problem of drawing distinctions between objectives, policy and programs of action" Furthermore
Andrews did not claim to originate all of the precepts he set out, and it has been noted that some had been introduced previously by
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In addition to being perhaps the earliest concept of business strategy to be taught routinely in formal courses, the specific view of strategy formation
Andrews taught appears to have provided many of the underlying precepts of what strategy is, for several branches of the strategy literature.
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In 1965 the highly influential text-book "Business Policy: Text and Cases" was published, acknowledging
Andrews as the author of the text portion. The text portion was also published separately under Andrews' name in 1971. Several editions of both books appeared through the 1980s.
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and joined the
Harvard Business School faculty in 1946, to teach Administrative Practices to MBA students. He completed his Phd dissertation on Mark Twain in 1948. By approximately 1950 he was a significant member of the small team developing HBS's Business Policy course.
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Despite sharing a number of
Andrews' basic precepts, one major branch of the literature differed strongly from him with regard to how strategy forms. Andrews prescribed that strategy should be deliberately and consciously decided and adopted by management.
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Hatten, Kenneth J., Schendel, Dan E., and Cooper, Arnold C., 1978, A strategic model of the U.S. brewing industry: 1952-1971, Academy of
Management Journal, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 594.
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Learned, Edmund Philip, Christensen, C. Roland, Andrews, Kenneth
Richmond, and Guth, William D., 1965, Business policy: Text and cases, Irwin, Homewood, pp vii-viii.
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Mintzberg, Henry, Ahlstrand, Bruce, and Lampel, Joseph, 1998, Strategy safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management, Free Press, New York, p. 24.
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Learned, Edmund Philip, Christensen, C. Roland, Andrews, Kenneth
Richmond, and Guth, William D., 1965, Business policy: Text and cases, Irwin, Homewood.
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Andrews, Kenneth
Richmond, 1981, Corporate strategy as a vital function of the board, Harvard Business Review, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 174–180.
386:, 1980, Measuring organizational strategies: Some theoretical and methodological problems, Academy of Management Review, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 527.
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Mintzberg, Henry, 1994, The rise and fall of strategic planning: Reconceiving roles for planning, plans, planners, Free Press, Toronto, p. 36.
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Andrews, Kenneth
Richmond, 1981, Replaying the board’s role in formulating strategy, Harvard Business Review, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 18–23.
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Schendel, Dan E., and Hofer, Charles W., 1979, Strategic management. A new view of business policy and planning, Little Brown, Boston, p. 9.
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1980, Directors’ responsibility for corporate strategy, Harvard Business Review, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 30–42.
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Ansoff, H. Igor, 1991, Critique of Henry Mintzberg’s ‘The Design School: Reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management’,
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1973, Can the best corporations be made moral?, Harvard Business Review, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 57–64.
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Chandler, Alfred Dupont, 1962, Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the industrial enterprise, MIT Press, Cambridge.
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Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 (database on-line). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2011.
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1951, Executive training by the case method, Harvard Business Review, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 58–70.
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1984, Corporate strategy: the essential intangibles, McKinsey Quarterly, no. 4, pp. 43–49.
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1971, New horizons in corporate strategy, McKinsey Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 34–43.
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Hamel, Gary Paul, and Prahalad, C. K., 1989, Strategic Intent, Harvard Business Review, vol. 67, no. 3, p. 61.
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Mintzberg, Henry, 1978, Patterns in strategy formation, Management Science, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 934–948.
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McKiernan, Peter, 1997, Strategy past; strategy futures, Long Range Planning, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 791.
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1971, The concept of corporate strategy, Richard D. Irwin, Homewood p.28.
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Mintzberg, Henry, 1990, The Design School: Reconsidering the basic premises of strategy formation,
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Mintzberg, Henry, 1990, The Design School: Reconsidering the basic premises of strategy formation,
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1971, The concept of corporate strategy, Richard D. Irwin, Homewood.
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Andrews, Kenneth Richmond, 1971, The concept of corporate strategy, Richard D. Irwin, Homewood.
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in 1937 with a master's degree in English. He went on to pursue a PhD in English at the
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and taught by members of the faculty. Andrews retired from the army at the rank of
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99:(May 24, 1916 – September 4, 2005), was an American academic who, along with
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Education, military service, and employment at Harvard Business School
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.4250120605/abstract
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.4250110302/abstract
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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.4250110302/abstract
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at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
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Leadership in administration: A sociological interpretation
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United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
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148:Harvard Business School and Business Strategy
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125:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
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242:Learn how and when to remove this message
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589:United States Army Air Forces officers
353:A review of strategic process research
178:Please improve this section by adding
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399:. The Harbus. September 7, 2005.
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524:Strategic Management Journal
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127:but was drafted into the
463:Selznick, Philip, 1957,
97:Kenneth Richmond Andrews
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137:Harvard Business School
119:Andrews graduated from
543:Kenneth Andrews papers
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167:relies excessively on
61:Durham, New Hampshire
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