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31:
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in the U.S. Senate in 1980 ("... L-5 took on the biggest political fight of its short life, and won"). Specifically, L5 Society activists campaigned for awareness of the provisions against any form of sovereignty or private property in outer space that would make space colonization impossible and the
269:
Although economic analysis indicated the SPS/space colony concept had merit, it foundered on short political and economic horizons and the fact that the transport cost to space was about 300 times too high for individuals to fund when compared to the
232:
The
Hensons incorporated the L5 Society in August 1975, and sent its first 4-page newsletter in September to a sign up list from the conference and O'Neill's mailing list. The first newsletter included a letter of support from
214:. The Hensons corresponded with O'Neill and were invited to present a paper on "Closed Ecosystems of High Agricultural Yield" at the 1975 Princeton Conference on Space Manufacturing Facilities, which was organized by O'Neill.
462:
405:
was published from
September 1975 until April 1987, when the merger with the National Space Institute was completed and the newly formed National Space Society began publication of its own magazine,
978:
206:
in
September 1974. A number of people who later became leaders of the L5 Society got their first exposure to the idea from this article. Among these were a couple from Tucson, Arizona,
681:(December 5, 1975). "Space Colonies and Energy Supply to the Earth: Manufacturing facilities in high orbit could be used to build satellite solar power stations from lunar materials".
983:
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237:(then a contender for US president) and said "our clearly stated long range goal will be to disband the Society in a mass meeting at L
783:
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557:
427:
258:. Leigh Ratiner "played the key role in the lobbying effort, although he had energetic help from L-5 activists, notably
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329:
968:
442:
828:
715:
549:
340:
146:) will remain there indefinitely without having to expend fuel to keep its position, whereas an object placed at
821:
The
Visioneers: How a Group of Elite Scientists Pursued Space Colonies, Nanotechnologies, and a Limitless Future
884:
302:
62:
863:
364:
85:
in a two-body system, with one body far more massive than the other (e.g. Earth and Moon). In this system L
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O'Neill's first published paper on the subject, "The
Colonization of Space", appeared in the magazine
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55:
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51:
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In 1986, the L5 Society, which had grown to about 10,000 members, merged with the 25,000 member
77:
648:
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683:
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368:
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While the L5 Society failed to achieve the goal of human settlements in space, it served as a
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82:
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will appear to share the secondary's orbit, although they are situated slightly outside it.
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500:
167:(all points of unstable equilibrium) may have to expend fuel if it drifts off the point.
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provisions against any alteration of the environment of any celestial body prohibiting
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47:
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Great Mambo
Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly over the Edge
250:
30:
900:
131:
are points of stable gravitational equilibrium located along the path of the
463:"Death Of A Sci-Fi Dream: Free-Floating Space Colonies Hit Economic Reality"
352:
750:
356:
348:
597:
542:
Reaching for the High
Frontier: The American Pro-Space Movement, 1972–84
942:
286:
17:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
467:
889:
179:
112:
76:
29:
584:. Second Princeton/AIAA/NASA Conference on Space Manufacturing.
343:
for many of the people who later became known in fields such as
325:
318:
290:
116:
580:(May 7–9, 1975). "The Space Manufacturing Facility Concept".
309:. The National Space Institute had been founded in 1972 by
890:
Chapters.nss.org: National Space
Society Chapters Network
892:
Resources for NSS chapters, members and space activists.
854:
713:(January 1, 1979). "Pilgrims, Saints and Spacemen".
119:system proposed as locations for the huge rotating
590:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
397:was the newsletter of the L5 Society reporting on
249:The peak of L5's influence was the defeat of the
979:Scientific societies based in the United States
582:Space Manufacturing Facilities: Space Colonies
901:1979 UN Declaration on the Moon (Moon Treaty)
531:
529:
527:
8:
984:Scientific organizations established in 1975
1004:1987 disestablishments in the United States
872:
406:
401:development and related space issues. The
621:. No. I. L-5 Society. September 1975
999:1975 establishments in the United States
499:Brandt-Erichsen, David (November 1994).
285:
61:In 1987, the L5 Society merged with the
453:
293:concept art from 2001 of an envisioned
217:At this conference, O'Neill merged the
974:International scientific organizations
7:
994:Organizations disestablished in 1987
494:
492:
490:
423:List of objects at Lagrangian points
322:V-2 rocket/ballistic missile program
282:Merger with National Space Institute
27:Society promoting space colonization
612:"A Newsletter from the L-5 Society"
138:An object placed in orbit around L
25:
989:Organizations established in 1975
501:"Brief History of the L5 Society"
461:Dorminey, Bruce (July 31, 2012).
135:, 60 degrees ahead or behind it.
536:Michaud, Michael A. G. (1986).
538:"Chapter 5: O'Neills Children"
428:Home on Lagrange (The L5 Song)
1:
34:The original L5 Society logo.
964:Space advocacy organizations
727:Harper & Row, Publishers
697:10.1126/science.190.4218.943
509:. No. Nov.-Dec., 1994.
438:Space advocacy organizations
330:Marshall Space Flight Center
751:"NSS Mission & History"
81:A diagram showing the five
1020:
857:NSS−National Space Society
829:Princeton University Press
305:, to form the present-day
123:that O'Neill envisioned. L
443:Space colonization topics
184:Artist's conception of a
111:Lagrangian points in the
303:National Space Institute
97:The name comes from the
63:National Space Institute
717:Disturbing the Universe
365:artificial intelligence
42:was founded in 1975 by
873:
759:National Space Society
665:National Space Society
631:National Space Society
511:National Space Society
407:
307:National Space Society
298:
197:
176:Founding of L5 Society
94:
67:National Space Society
35:
885:NSS Worldwide website
566:on December 10, 2016.
295:lunar mining facility
289:
219:Solar Power Satellite
183:
80:
33:
819:(December 9, 2012).
729:. pp. 118–126.
649:"Moon Treaty Update"
433:Planetary chauvinism
313:, the former German
959:Space organizations
598:10.2514/6.1975-2002
969:Space colonization
896:NSS Chapters Story
871:online edition of
855:NSS.org: Official
817:McCray, W. Patrick
679:O'Neill, Gerard K.
578:O'Neill, Gerard K.
550:Praeger Publishers
299:
264:Christine Peterson
198:
95:
36:
691:(4218): 943–947.
475:on August 7, 2012
369:tether propulsion
336:program manager.
311:Wernher von Braun
83:Lagrangian points
56:Gerard K. O'Neill
16:(Redirected from
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721:(1st ed.).
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562:. Archived from
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471:. Archived from
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21:
1019:
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1014:
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1012:
1010:
1009:
1008:
949:
948:
941:NSS.org: 1980s
866:Ad Astra Online
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645:Henson, Carolyn
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373:K. Eric Drexler
315:rocket engineer
284:
276:Mormon colonies
247:
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221:(SPS) ideas of
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126:
109:
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92:
88:
75:
50:to promote the
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936:NSS.org: 1979
934:
931:NSS.org: 1978
929:
926:NSS.org: 1977
924:
921:NSS.org: 1976
919:
916:NSS.org: 1975
911:
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898:
893:
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849:External links
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808:
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793:Addison-Wesley
771:
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711:Dyson, Freeman
702:
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647:(March 1980).
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377:Robert Forward
345:nanotechnology
334:Project Apollo
317:of the WW II
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208:Carolyn Meinel
190:Stanford torus
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121:space habitats
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44:Carolyn Meinel
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907:L5 News index
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825:Princeton, NJ
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802:0-201-09258-1
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755:space.nss.org
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764:December 21,
762:. Retrieved
754:
745:
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705:
688:
682:
673:
663:– via
659:December 21,
657:. Retrieved
655:. L5 Society
652:
639:
629:– via
625:December 21,
623:. Retrieved
618:
606:
581:
572:
564:the original
546:Westport, CT
541:
516:December 17,
514:. Retrieved
504:
479:December 17,
477:. Retrieved
473:the original
466:
456:
402:
394:
392:
387:
381:Hans Moravec
353:extropianism
338:
300:
268:
260:Eric Drexler
256:terraforming
248:
235:Morris Udall
231:
223:Peter Glaser
216:
212:Keith Henson
201:
199:
137:
133:Moon's orbit
96:
65:to form the
60:
52:space colony
48:Keith Henson
39:
37:
341:focal point
251:Moon Treaty
245:Moon Treaty
188:called the
953:Categories
559:0275921514
449:References
371:, such as
229:concepts.
40:L5 Society
864:NSS.org:
780:Regis, Ed
324:, and of
225:with his
194:Don Davis
54:ideas of
879:magazine
875:Ad Astra
782:(1990).
723:New York
619:L-5 News
506:Ad Astra
417:See also
409:Ad Astra
357:cryonics
349:memetics
859:website
684:Science
653:L5 News
403:L5 News
395:L5 News
388:L5 News
171:History
18:L5 News
835:
799:
733:
556:
468:Forbes
379:, and
367:, and
789:(PDF)
615:(PDF)
192:, by
142:(or L
127:and L
113:Earth
833:ISBN
797:ISBN
766:2022
731:ISBN
661:2022
627:2022
554:ISBN
518:2018
481:2018
393:The
332:and
326:NASA
319:Nazi
291:NASA
274:and
262:and
210:and
117:Moon
104:and
73:Name
46:and
38:The
693:doi
689:190
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241:."
160:or
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757:.
753:.
725::
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