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While the
Knossians were occupied at Gortys, most of the Lyttian warriors left their city to invade the enemy territory. The Knossians, however, got intelligence of their plan and took the opportunity to invade the undefended city of Lyttos, capturing all the women and children and razing the city to
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The
Polyrrhenians then used the Aetolian interference in Crete as justification for asking Philip and the Achaeans for assistance against their common enemy. The Achaeans and Macedonians accepted them as allies and sent a mercenary force led by Plator to the island, consisting of 400 Illyrians, 200
492:
Thus the
Knossians, in a short time, not only lost most of their allies, but also their hegemony over the island. Nevertheless they were still able to assist the Aetolian allies with 1000 archers in their war on the Greek mainland. The Polyrrhenians on the opposite side did the same by sending 500
501:
The war continued for several years, but the further narration by
Polybius is lost. Generally, the war went favourably for the enemies of Knossos. Thus the Aetolians were expelled from the island and by 216 BC Crete was more or less a Macedonian protectorate. Two years later the Achaean
523:
As a side effect of the conflict, Cretan mercenaries (the famed archers and the so-called
Neocretans) are recorded all over the Hellenistic world, although none of the leaders (Cnopias of Allaria, Philon the Knossian, Eurylochus of Crete, Zelys the Gortynian at
558:
entered the coalition against
Macedon, the Knossians sided again with the Rhodians and forced Hierapytna to surrender. As a result, the Rhodians took control over eastern Crete which allowed them to largely stamp out piracy in the area. Following the
350:
Polemocles returned from the war against
Byzantium, the Knossians thought that he could be helpful to their efforts against Lyttos. So they asked the Rhodians for assistance and Polemocles arrived with three decked and three undecked ships.
429:
After the arrival of the
Aetolians, the elders in Gortys led the Knossians and the Aetolians to occupy their citadel and proceeded to kill or expel their younger opponents. The young Gortynians took refuge in the ancient castle of
361:
Meanwhile the
Knossians and their allies had moved against Lyttos, but then, for some unknown reason, the alliance broke up and the Cretans began to quarrel with each other. Thus, the cities of Polyrrhenia and
409:
In Gortys the citizens were divided on the question of alliance and a civil war broke out in the city. The elder
Gortynians remained loyal to Knossos, while the younger Gortynians favoured the Lyttians.
1189:
509:
confirmed this outcome claiming that Philip V of Macedon enjoyed the faith of the Cretans and his ships ruled the Cretan Sea, while most of the island's strongholds obeyed his command.
441:
Later, the young Gortynians in Phaistos launched a bold attack against the port of Gortys which they occupied, and they then besieged their opponents in the citadel of Gortys.
1209:
450:
the ground. When the Lyttians returned from their expedition, they decided to abandon their devastated homes and settled in Lappa whose citizens were willing to host them.
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978:
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The conflict over Crete was renewed in 205 BC, when Philip V of Macedon used the island as a base for naval raids against the Rhodians. In the
757:
603:
1184:
1179:
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46:
39:
817:
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520:, who acquired great fame and experience which would serve him well in his later years as strategos of the Achaean League.
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was an internal conflict fought from around 220 BC to about 216 BC between two coalitions of Cretan city-states, led by
61:
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489:. They quickly forced these cities to abandon their Knossian allies and enter the opposition coalition.
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With these reinforcements, the Polyrrhenians made great progress moving against Eleutherna, Kydonia and
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accused him of assassinating a citizen, Timarchus, and, in response, they declared war on the Rhodians.
57:
246:
1079:
1071:
1006:
859:
907:
849:
471:
331:
993:
892:
322:. Posing a huge threat to Hellenistic trade, the conflict was ended in 220 BC with a compromise.
366:, along with some other communities, defected from the Knossians and allied with the Lyttians.
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1224:
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1114:
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525:
513:
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563:, in 197 BC, Philip V lost all former allies and all possessions outside Macedonia proper.
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948:
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The Lyttians eventually returned to their homes and rebuilt their city on a nearby hill.
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The prelude to the conflict in Crete was the commercial war between the cities of
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1001:
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about the toll introduced by the Byzantines for all ships passing through the
503:
435:
319:
311:
130:
298:. It is considered "the greatest war in Cretan history" during Antiquity.
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790:
Destruction: Archaeological, Philological and Historical Perspectives
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202:
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respectively. The events of the war are recorded by the historian
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768:
War in the Hellenistic World : a Social and Cultural History
418:
Taken by surprise by the sudden reverse, the Knossians asked the
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512:
Among the mercenary leaders fighting on the island was a young
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The 'killing' of a city: a destruction by enforced abandonment
373:
18:
458:
Meanwhile, tensions on the mainland had risen between the
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had gained control of the whole island, except for the
1190:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe
546:, Philip's major allies in Crete were the cities of
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and the Aetolian League. As a result, in 220 BC the
992:
883:
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422:for help. The Aetolians were already present in
354:Soon after his arrival, however, the people of
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818:
8:
536:) can be traced directly to the civil war.
169:Knossian defeat, most of Crete comes under
1210:Wars involving Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
825:
811:
803:
120:
581:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
792:, Presses universitaires, Louvain, 2013
571:
346:which alone resisted. When the Rhodian
474:as he was a key ally of the Achaeans.
426:and sent 1000 warriors as assistance.
45:Please improve this article by adding
532:, Kambylos and Bolis at the siege of
7:
1035:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
466:broke out, which was to involve the
1220:Wars involving the Aetolian League
1015:Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations
14:
1215:Wars involving the Achaean League
641:Polybius, IV 53, 8–10 and 55, 6.
377:
129:
23:
16:War in Crete, c. 220– c. 216 BC
1200:Wars of the Hellenistic period
1:
1205:Wars involving ancient Rhodes
784:Florence Gaignerot-Driessen,
731:Florence Gaignerot-Driessen,
493:Cretans to support Philip V.
434:overlooking the bay south to
47:secondary or tertiary sources
984:Wars of Alexander the Great
554:. Toward the end, when the
1241:
788:, in: Jan Driessen (ed.),
1156:
903:Wars of the Delian League
257:
238:
181:
139:
128:
1185:3rd century BC in Greece
1180:3rd-century BC conflicts
928:Second Peloponnesian War
770:. Blackwell Publishing.
913:First Peloponnesian War
733:The 'killing' of a city
544:Cretan War (205–200 BC)
330:Meanwhile in Crete the
270:unknown Cretan forces,
263:unknown Cretan forces,
1120:Seleucid Dynastic Wars
1045:Seleucid–Parthian Wars
979:Expansion of Macedonia
239:Commanders and leaders
34:relies excessively on
795:Teocharis Detorakis,
686:Teocharis Detorakis,
668:Polybius, IV 55, 3–4.
659:Polybius, IV 55, 1–2.
561:Second Macedonian War
445:Destruction of Lyttos
414:Aetolian intervention
147:c. 220 BC – c. 216 BC
1020:Seleucid–Mauryan war
860:Second Messenian War
454:Achaean intervention
318:on their way to the
908:Third Messenian War
865:Lydian–Milesian War
850:First Messenian War
677:Polybius, IV 55, 5.
632:Polybius, IV 53, 7.
614:Polybius, IV 43–52.
472:Philip V of Macedon
1095:Roman–Seleucid War
954:Theban–Spartan War
893:Greco-Persian Wars
834:Ancient Greek wars
764:Chaniotis, Angelos
389:. You can help by
1195:Hellenistic Crete
1167:
1166:
1105:War against Nabis
918:Second Sacred War
799:, Heraklion, 1994
478:Achaeans and 100
407:
406:
280:
279:
265:1000 Aetolians,
247:Plator of Illyria
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176:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1232:
1160:Military history
1130:Mithridatic Wars
1115:Maccabean Revolt
1063:
1040:Chremonidean War
969:Third Sacred War
964:
870:First Sacred War
827:
820:
813:
804:
797:History of Crete
781:
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729:
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713:
707:
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688:History of Crete
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650:Polybius, IV 54.
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623:Polybius, IV 53.
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534:Sardis 215/13 BC
507:Aratus of Sicyon
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40:primary sources
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898:Aeginetan War
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875:Sicilian Wars
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855:Lelantine War
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753:The Histories
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599:The Histories
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526:Raphia 217 BC
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398:December 2022
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385:This section
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345:
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332:allied cities
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135:Ancient Crete
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99:December 2022
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
58:"Lyttian War"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1158:
1110:Galatian War
1100:Aetolian War
1062:(220–217 BC)
1054:
1008:
1007:Wars of the
963:(357–355 BC)
947:Wars of the
943:Boeotian War
796:
789:
785:
767:
751:
732:
727:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
682:
673:
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538:
522:
511:
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428:
417:
408:
395:
391:adding to it
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329:
305:
283:
281:
276:100 Phocians
182:Belligerents
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
1125:Achaean War
1060:Social War
1055:Lyttian War
1030:Syrian Wars
1025:Pyrrhic War
994:Hellenistic
974:Foreign War
961:Social War
720:Philopoemen
518:Philopoemen
292:Polyrrhenia
284:Lyttian War
252:Philopoemen
213:Polyrrhenia
164:Territorial
124:Lyttian War
1174:Categories
1090:Cretan War
1002:Lamian War
923:Samian War
777:0631226087
548:Hierapytna
468:Macedonian
464:Social War
356:Eleutherna
342:colony of
171:Macedonian
69:newspapers
36:references
885:Classical
604:IV 53–55.
504:strategos
436:Mount Ida
370:Civil War
312:Byzantium
228:Macedonia
173:influence
1009:Diadochi
766:(2005).
758:IV 53–55
748:Polybius
716:Plutarch
700:Plutarch
690:, p. 74.
594:Polybius
514:Arcadian
480:Phocians
432:Phaistos
326:Outbreak
316:Bosporus
296:Polybius
258:Strength
152:Location
1225:Knossos
1132: (
1070: (
842:Archaic
742:Sources
530:Lagoras
497:Outcome
424:Kydonia
348:navarch
340:Spartan
302:Prelude
288:Knossos
198:Kydonia
188:Knossos
166:changes
83:scholar
1138:Second
1084:Fourth
1076:Second
774:
704:Aratus
556:Romans
516:named
487:Aptera
344:Lyttos
336:Gortys
308:Rhodes
218:Lyttos
203:Rhodes
193:Gortys
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1142:Third
1134:First
1080:Third
1072:First
706:, 50.
567:Notes
552:Olous
470:king
364:Lappa
223:Lappa
157:Crete
90:JSTOR
76:books
772:ISBN
722:, 7.
550:and
310:and
290:and
282:The
144:Date
62:news
393:.
38:to
1176::
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574:^
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482:.
438:.
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49:.
1144:)
1086:)
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819:t
812:v
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396:(
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106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
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