425:
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42:
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The question of what compound was responsible for the odor of candy cap had been under investigation by Wood and various students for a period of 27 years, when a mycology student in a class he was teaching asked what compound was responsible for the mushroom's odor, triggering investigation into the
683:
It is possible to mistake other distasteful or toxic species of mushrooms for candy caps or mistakenly include such species in a larger collection of candy caps. Those inexperienced with mushroom identification may mistake any number of "little brown mushrooms" ("LBMs") for candy caps, including the
899:
They are usually used in dried form, as the characteristic aroma intensifies greatly upon drying. To use them as a flavoring, the dried mushrooms are either powdered or they are infused into one of the liquid ingredients used in the dish, for example, being steeped in hot milk, much the same way
1779:
1776:
1764:
1761:
696:
species by their brittle stipe, while most other "LBMs" have a more flexible stipe. It is therefore recommended that candy caps be gathered by hand, breaking the fragile stipe in one's fingers. By this method, LBM's with a cartilaginous stipe will easily be distinguished.
1773:
883:
are used. They impart a flavor and aroma to foods that has been compared to maple syrup or curry, but with a much stronger aroma than either of these seasonings. Candy caps are unique among edible mushrooms in that they are often used in sweet and
211:
can be slightly larger), and with coloration ranging through various burnt orange to burnt orange-red to orange-brown shades. The pileus shape ranges from broadly convex in young specimens to plane to slightly depressed in older ones;
727:) may also not have a noticeable odor, limiting the utility of this characteristic. A sweet odor is much more evident after briefly singeing the flesh of a candy cap with a match or lighter, which can be useful for identification.
835:
by Rapor, et al. had also yielded sotolon (among a large number of other aromatic compounds), which was identified as giving this species its distinct fenugreek odor. Other important volatile compounds identified included
236:
or nonfat milk. The latex may have little flavor or may be slightly sweet, but should never taste bitter or acrid. These species are particularly distinguishable by their scent, which has been variously compared to
1031:
is reported by one source as being a "candy cap" species and having a similar odor to the other candy caps, though earlier monographs do not report such an aroma and describe the flavor as subacrid.
741:
Latex: The latex of candy caps appears thin and whey-like, like milk that has been mixed with water. This latex does not change color nor does it discolor the flesh of the mushroom. Other species of
896:. They are also sometimes used to flavor savory dishes that are traditionally prepared with sweet accompaniments, such as pork, and are also sometimes used in place of curry seasoning.
730:
Taste: The flesh and latex of candy caps should always be mild-tasting to somewhat sweet, lacking any hint of bitterness or acridity. Note, however, that there are some species of
1993:
2045:
1288:
Mueller GM, Halling RE, Carranza J, Mata M, Schmit JP. 2006. Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal macrofungi of Costa Rican oak forests. In: M. Kappelle (ed).
354:, whereas Hesler and Smith and later North American authors treat all species with such a pileipellis (both aromatic and non-aromatic) as the section
867:
the way most other edible mushrooms are consumed. Because of the strongly aromatic quality of these mushrooms, they are instead used primarily as a
825:
191:. These mushrooms are valued for their highly aromatic qualities and are used culinarily as a flavoring rather than as a constituent of a full meal.
1967:
1627:
520:
1045:, found in Europe and North America, respectively, are also strongly aromatic and similar to candy caps, the former having the odor of fenugreek.
1712:
1492:
1518:
389:
is also commonly observed growing directly on decaying conifer wood. All candy cap species seem to be associated with a range of tree species.
1662:
1454:
1304:
1146:
1692:
1331:
1419:
Daniewski WM, Grieco PA, Huffman JC, Rymkiewicz A, Wawrzun, A. 1981. Isolation of 12-hydroxycaryophyllene-4,5-oxide, a sesquiterpene from
1556:
232:, the fruiting body exudes a latex when broken, which in these species is whitish and watery in appearance, and is often compared to
1734:
1581:
1276:
1250:
1226:
1178:
1344:
Winkler, Daniel. 2023. Fruits of the Forest: A Field Guide to
Pacific Northwest Edible Mushrooms. Seattle, Washington: Skipstone.
1719:
1654:
1138:
2032:
2124:
263:. This scent may be quite faint in fresh specimens, but typically becomes quite strong when the fruiting body is dried.
1356:
Wood WF, Brandes JA, Foy BD, Morgan CG, Mann TD, DeShazer DA. 2012. The maple syrup odour of the "candy cap" mushroom,
821:
946:
are distinctly aromatic, though only some of these species are thought to be closely related to the candy cap group.
2050:
1830:
1896:
1108:
975:
is a name sometimes used for mushrooms in this group, however, Heilmann-Clausen, et al. consider this name to be
785:
1323:
1473:
1381:
Humboldt State
University. 2012. Student question about mushroom's maple syrup odor takes 27 years to answer.
346:
Bon and later
European authors treated all species that were aromatic and had at least a partially epithelial
1001:
478:
Subglobose to globose; 6.0–8.5 × 6.0–8.0 μm; ornamentation semi-connected (broken to partial reticulum)
1478:
424:
1071:
1858:
1083:, however, has a subacrid flavor, though it is reported as having been gathered commercially in Scotland.
1007:
715:
Odor: Candy caps have a distinctive odor (described above) that should not be present in other species of
359:
985:
955:
2114:
1621:
991:
808:, an even more powerfully aromatic compound, and one of the main compounds responsible for the aroma of
475:
Ellipsoid to subglobose; 7.0–8.5 × 6.0–7.5 μm; ornamentation not connected (spines to short ridges)
760:
293:
2060:
1959:
1928:
1839:
1541:
1065:
841:
745:
have a distinctly white or colored latex, which in some species discolors the flesh of the mushroom.
287:
1515:
1041:
385:
having been identified in ectomycorrhizal root tips. However, unusually for a mycorrhizal species,
41:
2024:
793:
700:
Candy caps may also be confused with any of a large number of small, similarly colored species of
279:
2109:
774:
738:, where the bitterness is subtle and also may not be noticeable for a minute or so after tasting.
542:
213:
175:
130:
58:
1686:
1998:
1846:
792:. The odoriferous compound found in the fresh tissue and latex of the mushroom was found to be
2081:
1915:
1730:
1668:
1658:
1577:
1450:
1300:
1272:
1246:
1222:
1221:
Lactarius. (Fungi of
Northern Europe, Volume 2.) Mundelstrup, DK: Danish Mycological Society.
1174:
1152:
1142:
1027:
566:
200:
1553:
704:
that may be distasteful to downright toxic depending on the species and the number consumed.
2086:
1807:
1502:
1497:
1428:
1403:
1365:
1293:
1035:
959:, a species found in northern Europe, though quite rare. Unlike other members of subsection
903:
As a result of these culinary properties, candy caps are highly sought after by many chefs.
606:
283:
1799:
692:
and allies), which can occur in the same habitat. Candy caps can be distinguished from non-
307:
depending on the author. Bon defined the candy caps and allies as making up the subsection
2119:
2068:
1696:
1631:
1560:
1527:
1522:
1474:"Candy Caps let people flavor foods — with fungus: Mushrooms are in cookies and ice cream"
1327:
1012:
920:
778:
685:
673:
378:
752:
pattern of coloration on the surface of the pileus, nor is the pileus ever even slightly
773:
The chemical responsible for the distinct odor of the candy cap was isolated in 2012 by
431:
1954:
1817:
1793:
916:
93:
855:
compound. However, this was not identified as an aromatic component of this mushroom.
2103:
1834:
1432:
880:
852:
837:
225:
81:
1594:
221:
1920:
1100:
976:
931:
1608:
1292:. (Ecological Studies Series, Vol. 185). Berlin: Springer Verlag. p 55–68 (p 62).
17:
2037:
2019:
1980:
1890:
1729:
Arora D. (1986). Mushrooms
Demystified (2nd ed). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.
809:
657:
633:
347:
254:
238:
170:
117:
1061:
species with yellow latex (or white latex that turns yellow) may be dangerous.
1369:
1090:
1049:
is known to be mildly toxic, causing gastrointestinal upset. The edibility of
908:
801:
723:
may have different, but also distinctive, odors. Fresh candy caps (especially
105:
1827:
1672:
1156:
1941:
1847:"Bay Area Mushrooms: Lactarius rubidus and Lactarius rufulus: The Candy Cap"
1297:
893:
868:
864:
250:
217:
1881:
824:
was used to extract the volatile compounds, which were then analyzed using
1648:
1132:
2073:
2006:
1907:
1875:
1016:
588:
547:
526:
328:
324:
753:
749:
1972:
1320:
1076:
889:
885:
876:
872:
805:
797:
781:
275:
242:
1985:
2011:
1516:"The British fascination with fungi: The magic of the curry mushroom"
319:
is defined by their similarity in color, odor (with the exception of
271:
1852:
1407:
1946:
967:
has an unpleasant (even nauseating) smell, described as resembling
813:
759:
303:
The candy caps have been placed in various infrageneric groups of
292:
259:
246:
69:
1933:
851:
has shown that it contains 12-hydroxycaryophyllene-4,5-oxide, a
233:
1856:
968:
366:
has yet to be published, and older classification systems of
1598:(Russulaceae) in Kumaon Himalaya 1: New species of subgenus
1394:
Rapior S, Fons F, Bessiere J-M. 2000. The fenugreek odor of
820:
question. Isolation of the compound remained elusive, until
339:, is also aromatic, but have very different aromas from the
1290:
Ecology and conservation of neotropical montane oak forests
1647:
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
1542:
A taxonomic study on some commercial species in the genus
1131:
Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
800:. When the tissue and latex is dried, quabalactone III is
1574:
Champignons du Nord et du Midi 6: Lactaires et
Pholiotes
199:
Candy caps are small to medium-size mushrooms, with a
500:
Western North
America; also reported from Costa Rica
1245:
Lactarius. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press.
1217:
Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A, Vesterholt J. 1998.
1171:
How to
Identify Mushrooms to Genus VI: Modern Genera
1019:
in 2004, are reported to be very closely related to
1865:
1493:"The rare fungus that can satisfy your sweet tooth"
831:Earlier investigation of the aromatic compounds of
664:
647:
616:
598:
580:
553:
533:
516:
228:is quite fragile and brittle. Like all members of
1650:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America
1134:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America
1364:. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 43:51-53.
1193:Bon M. 1983. Notes sur la systématique du genre
266:Microscopically, they share features typical of
1269:The Agaricales of California 10. Russulales II:
1750:by L. R. Hesler and Alexander H. Smith, 1979:
1468:
1466:
1053:is unknown, but as it is a close relative of
203:ranging from 2–5 cm in diameter (though
8:
1849:by Debbie Viess, BayAreaMushrooms.org, 2007
1449:. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 125.
1352:
1350:
926:Marchand reports that some individuals use
863:Candy caps are not typically consumed as a
707:Candy caps may be distinguished from other
1853:
1713:Scottish plant uses: Lactarius glyciosmus.
1447:Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America
1315:
1313:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
282:that are abundant in the pileus and stipe
173:for two closely related edible species of
40:
31:
1828:"Why we're wild about the curry mushroom"
1546:(Agaricales) From Yunnan Province, China.
1263:
1261:
1259:
489:More maple-like; strong only upon drying
377:, candy caps are generally thought to be
1271:Lactarius. Eureka, CA: Mad River Press.
1237:
1235:
456:More deep reddish-brown ("ferruginous")
391:
1818:"Fungus of the Month for October 2005:
1123:
370:are generally not regarded as natural.
343:and are entirely lacking in cystidia.)
513:
445:Papilla or umbo typically not present
1808:"California Fungi: Lactarius rubidus"
1576:. Perpignan, FR: Diffusion Hachette.
1189:
1187:
995:depending on the author's concept of
907:is commercially gathered and sold in
393:The most notable differences between
323:– see below), and by the presence of
270:, including round to slightly ovular
7:
2061:922d883a-2a41-4fdb-b516-6556e2c184be
1810:by Michael Wood & Fred Stevens,
1593:Das K, Sharma, JR, Montoya L. 2004.
1552:22(4):419–427. (Article in Chinese.
826:gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
464:More light yellowish to light orange
1748:North American species of Lactarius
497:Europe, Asia, eastern North America
1057:, it is suspected of being toxic.
711:by the following characteristics:
25:
1011:, two species described from the
719:. However, that other species of
442:Papilla sometimes present at disc
1702:(website). Accessed 2008 Feb 11.
1637:(website). Accessed 2008 Feb 11.
1093:
748:Pileus: Candy caps never have a
665:
648:
625:
618:
599:
581:
559:
554:
534:
519:
430:
423:
1720:Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
1711:Milliken W, Bridgewater S. nd.
1173:. Arcata, CA: Mad River Press.
1655:University of California Press
1139:University of California Press
764:Lactarius rubidus spores 1000x
195:Description and classification
1:
1169:Largent DL, Baroni TJ. 1988.
1685:Russulales News Team. 2007.
1433:10.1016/0031-9422(81)85276-4
915:is gathered and sold in the
1241:Hesler LR, Smith AH. 1979.
822:solid-phase microextraction
527:Mycological characteristics
331:. (The other subsection of
2141:
1445:Phillips, Roger (2010) .
1370:10.1016/j.bse.2012.02.027
1243:North American Species of
979:, referring variously to
900:whole vanilla beans are.
786:Humboldt State University
493:
482:
471:
460:
449:
438:
419:
412:
407:
404:
143:
138:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
1385:(website). May 04, 2012.
1335:55(3):3–4. (scroll down)
286:, but infrequent in the
169:is the English-language
1800:"Lactarius camphoratus"
1722:. Accessed 2008 Feb 11.
1550:Acta Botanica Yunnanica
1479:San Francisco Chronicle
1472:Treviño L. 2004 Jan 9.
1298:10.1007/3-540-28909-7_5
1002:Lactarius mukteswaricus
942:A number of species of
1837:by Martyn McLaughlin,
1514:Kirby T. 2006 Sep 27.
1321:The candy cap complex.
1199:Documents Mycologiques
788:, from collections of
765:
373:Like other species of
360:molecular phylogenetic
358:. However, a thorough
300:
1897:Lactarius camphoratus
1867:Lactarius camphoratus
1843:, September 28, 2006.
1770:Lactarius camphoratus
1491:Jung C. 2004 Jan 28.
1421:Lactarius camphoratus
1075:both have a distinct
1023:, including in odor.
849:Lactarius camphoratus
812:, as well as that of
763:
296:
182:Lactarius camphoratus
51:Lactarius camphoratus
1688:Lactarius glyciosmus
1066:Lactarius glyciosmus
842:2-methylbutyric acid
453:Darker reddish-brown
2125:Fungus common names
1794:"Lactarius rubidus"
1623:Lactarius aquifluus
1015:area of the Indian
981:Lactarius rostratus
956:Lactarius rostratus
913:L. camphoratus
467:More light reddish
401:
1788:MushroomExpert.Com
1754:Lactarius fragilis
1695:2008-02-02 at the
1630:2006-10-22 at the
1620:Phillips R. 2006.
1572:Marchand A. 1980.
1559:2007-09-29 at the
1521:2007-03-24 at the
1383:Humboldt State Now
1358:Lactarius fragilis
1326:2006-11-16 at the
1319:Campbell D. 2004.
1267:Methven AS. 1997.
1141:. pp. 98–99.
775:chemical ecologist
766:
690:Galerina marginata
392:
301:
278:ornamentation and
2097:
2096:
2082:Open Tree of Life
1859:Taxon identifiers
1820:Lactarius rubidus
1718:online database,
1664:978-0-520-95360-4
1635:Roger's Mushrooms
1540:Wang X-H. 2000. (
1456:978-1-55407-651-2
1427:. 20(12):2733–4.
1305:978-3-540-28908-1
1148:978-0-520-95360-4
1028:Lactarius rufulus
905:Lactarius rubidus
796:III, an aromatic
790:Lactarius rubidus
725:Lactarius rubidus
681:
680:
511:Species of fungus
504:
503:
362:investigation of
298:Lactarius rubidus
188:Lactarius rubidus
160:
159:
27:Species of fungus
18:Lactarius rubidus
16:(Redirected from
2132:
2090:
2089:
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2064:
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2054:
2053:
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2040:
2038:NHMSYS0001485988
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1796:, February 2004.
1790:by Michael Kuo:
1723:
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1612:
1605:Fungal Diversity
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1554:English abstract
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1498:San Jose Mercury
1489:
1483:
1470:
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1442:
1436:
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1411:
1402:92(2): 305–308.
1396:Lactarius helvus
1392:
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1098:
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1047:Lactarius helvus
1036:Lactarius helvus
973:Lactarius cremor
784:William Wood of
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2069:Observation.org
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1700:Russulales News
1697:Wayback Machine
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1632:Wayback Machine
1619:
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1561:Wayback Machine
1539:
1535:
1528:The Independent
1523:Wayback Machine
1513:
1509:
1503:Wayback Machine
1501:. (Archived at
1490:
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1471:
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1408:10.2307/3761565
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1328:Wayback Machine
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949:The subsection
940:
938:Similar species
921:Yunnan Province
888:foods, such as
871:, much the way
861:
779:natural product
771:
686:deadly galerina
666:
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630:
626:
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619:
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486:More curry-like
311:of the section
253:, burnt sugar,
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1833:2013-05-05 at
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1741:External links
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1657:. p. 26.
1639:
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1425:Phytochemistry
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1203:
1201:13(50): 15–26.
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1162:
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1117:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1104:
1088:
1085:
1072:L. cocosiolens
1021:L. camphoratus
992:L. fulvissimus
939:
936:
928:L. camphoratus
917:United Kingdom
860:
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507:Identification
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409:L. camphoratus
406:
395:L. camphoratus
383:L. camphoratus
288:lamellar trama
274:with distinct
196:
193:
158:
157:
147:L. camphoratus
141:
140:
136:
135:
128:
126:
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94:Agaricomycetes
92:
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1835:archive.today
1832:
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1822:, candy caps"
1821:
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1802:, March 2005.
1801:
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1735:0-89815-169-4
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1716:Flora Celtica
1714:
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1278:
1277:0-916422-85-2
1274:
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1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:0-472-08440-2
1248:
1244:
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1227:87-983581-4-6
1224:
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1196:
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1188:
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1179:0-916422-76-3
1176:
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1166:
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1136:
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1127:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1081:L. glyciosmus
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1008:L. verbekenae
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
993:
988:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
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947:
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937:
935:
933:
930:as part of a
929:
924:
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906:
901:
897:
895:
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878:
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858:
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853:caryophyllene
850:
845:
843:
839:
838:decanoic acid
834:
829:
827:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
776:
768:
762:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
737:
736:L. luculentus
733:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
695:
691:
687:
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676:
672:Edibility is
671:
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568:
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494:Distribution
492:
488:
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
463:
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452:
448:
444:
441:
439:Pileus shape
437:
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342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:macrocystidia
322:
318:
315:. Subsection
314:
310:
306:
299:
295:
291:
289:
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281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
261:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
231:
227:
226:fruiting body
224:. The entire
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
194:
192:
190:
189:
184:
183:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:curry milkcap
164:
156:
155:
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142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
124:
123:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:
83:
82:Basidiomycota
79:
76:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2115:Edible fungi
1866:
1838:
1824:by Tom Volk.
1819:
1811:
1787:
1769:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1687:
1681:
1653:. Berkeley:
1649:
1642:
1634:
1622:
1616:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1573:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1526:
1510:
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1487:
1477:
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1415:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1361:
1357:
1340:
1330:
1289:
1284:
1268:
1242:
1218:
1198:
1194:
1170:
1165:
1137:. Berkeley:
1133:
1126:
1110:
1101:Fungi portal
1080:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1051:L. aquifluus
1050:
1046:
1042:L. aquifluus
1040:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1006:
1000:
996:
990:
986:L. serifluus
984:
980:
977:nomen dubium
972:
965:L. rostratus
964:
961:Camphoratini
960:
954:
951:Camphoratini
950:
948:
943:
941:
932:pipe tobacco
927:
925:
912:
904:
902:
898:
862:
859:Culinary use
848:
847:Analysis of
846:
832:
830:
818:
794:quabalactone
789:
772:
742:
735:
731:
724:
720:
716:
708:
706:
701:
699:
693:
689:
682:
674:
656:
641:
637:
610:
592:
574:
570:
541:
413:
408:
398:
394:
386:
382:
374:
372:
367:
363:
355:
351:
345:
341:Camphoratini
340:
336:
332:
321:L. rostratus
320:
317:Camphoratini
316:
312:
309:Camphoratini
308:
304:
302:
297:
280:sphaerocysts
267:
265:
258:
229:
222:subdecurrent
208:
204:
198:
187:
186:
181:
180:
174:
166:
162:
161:
152:
151:
146:
145:
144:
129:
50:
49:
29:
2020:NatureServe
1981:iNaturalist
1891:Wikispecies
1812:MykoWeb.com
1607:16:23–33. (
1332:Mycena News
810:maple syrup
658:mycorrhizal
655:Ecology is
634:Spore print
517:'Candy cap'
379:ectotrophic
350:as section
348:pileipellis
260:Maggi-Würze
255:Malt-O-Meal
239:maple syrup
171:common name
118:Russulaceae
35:Candy caps
2104:Categories
1840:The Herald
1600:Russularia
1181:. p 73–74.
1119:References
909:California
802:hydrolyzed
734:, such as
414:L. rubidus
399:L. rubidus
387:L. rubidus
337:Serifluini
209:L. rufulus
205:L. rubidus
153:L. rubidus
106:Russulales
77:Division:
2110:Lactarius
1673:797915861
1596:Lactarius
1544:Lactarius
1400:Mycologia
1219:The Genus
1195:Lactarius
1157:797915861
1111:Lactarius
1059:Lactarius
1055:L. helvus
997:L. cremor
953:includes
944:Lactarius
923:, China.
894:ice cream
869:flavoring
865:vegetable
833:L. helvus
769:Chemistry
743:Lactarius
732:Lactarius
721:Lactarius
717:Lactarius
709:Lactarius
702:Lactarius
694:Lactarius
593:decurrent
461:Lamellae
405:Attribute
375:Lactarius
368:Lactarius
364:Lactarius
356:Thojogali
327:on their
305:Lactarius
268:Lactarius
251:fenugreek
230:Lactarius
176:Lactarius
163:Candy cap
131:Lactarius
65:Kingdom:
2025:2.881140
2007:MycoBank
1999:10645626
1955:Fungorum
1905:BioLib:
1876:Wikidata
1831:Archived
1780:page 508
1777:page 507
1774:page 506
1765:page 506
1762:page 505
1693:Archived
1628:Archived
1609:Abstract
1557:Archived
1519:Archived
1324:Archived
1109:List of
1087:See also
1017:Himalaya
881:truffles
589:Hymenium
548:hymenium
329:hymenium
218:attached
214:lamellae
139:Species
113:Family:
1973:5248750
1934:1004626
1758:rubidus
1362:rubidus
1113:species
1077:coconut
890:cookies
886:dessert
877:saffron
873:vanilla
806:sotolon
798:lactone
782:chemist
472:Spores
450:Colour
381:, with
352:Olentes
333:Olentes
313:Olentes
276:amyloid
243:camphor
125:Genus:
101:Order:
89:Class:
2120:Spices
2087:912862
2058:NZOR:
2051:152934
2012:233655
1986:125689
1960:233655
1947:LACTCA
1882:Q28951
1814:, 2001
1733:
1671:
1661:
1580:
1453:
1303:
1275:
1249:
1225:
1177:
1155:
1145:
1079:odor.
1013:Kumaon
911:while
754:viscid
750:zonate
675:choice
642:yellow
571:convex
483:Odour
420:Image
272:spores
201:pileus
185:, and
2074:13643
1994:IRMNG
1921:3RRPC
1908:59995
1786:From
1756:var.
1746:From
1360:var.
989:, or
934:mix.
879:, or
814:curry
804:into
638:white
607:Stipe
543:Gills
284:trama
257:, or
247:curry
70:Fungi
2046:NCBI
1968:GBIF
1942:EPPO
1731:ISBN
1669:OCLC
1659:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1153:OCLC
1143:ISBN
1069:and
1039:and
1005:and
919:and
892:and
840:and
777:and
611:bare
575:flat
397:and
234:whey
216:are
207:and
2033:NBN
1929:EoL
1916:CoL
1429:doi
1404:doi
1366:doi
1294:doi
969:ivy
640:to
636:is
609:is
591:is
573:or
569:is
567:Cap
546:on
220:to
165:or
2106::
2084::
2071::
2048::
2035::
2022::
2009::
1996::
1983::
1970::
1957::
1944::
1931::
1918::
1893::
1878::
1772::
1760::
1667:.
1611:.)
1563:.)
1548:)
1525:.
1505:),
1495:.
1476:.
1465:^
1423:.
1398:.
1349:^
1312:^
1258:^
1234:^
1206:^
1197:.
1186:^
1151:.
999:.
983:,
971:.
963:,
875:,
844:.
828:.
816:.
335:,
290:.
249:,
245:,
241:,
179:;
1690:.
1675:.
1625:.
1602:.
1584:.
1531:.
1482:.
1459:.
1435:.
1431::
1410:.
1406::
1372:.
1368::
1307:.
1296::
1279:.
1253:.
1229:.
1159:.
756:.
688:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
