452:
438:
309:
who addresses Tišpak/Nergal to counter the threat and "exercise kingship", presumably over
Eshnunna, as a reward. Tišpak/Nergal raises objections to tangling with the serpent but – after a gap in the narrative, a god whose name is not preserved provides guidance on military strategy. A storm erupts
317:
as noted by
Forsyth; since the cities of men are already in existence when the narrative takes place. Frans Wiggerman interpreted the myth's function as a way of justifying Tishpak's ascension to status of king, "as a consequence of his 'liberation' of the nation, sanctioned by the decision of a
297:
who "drew the dragon in the sky" to wipe out humanity whose raucous noise has been disturbing his sleep, a recurring motif in
Babylonian creation epics. Whether this refers to the
286:) has given birth to the dragon (line 6). The fragmentary line: "He raises his tail..." identifies him according to Neil Forsyth as a precursor of a later adversary; the dragon of
339:
250:, which have no complete surviving lines – the Labbu Myth relates the tale of a possibly leonine but certainly serpentine monster: a fifty-league long
790:
301:(Heidel 1963) or a comet (Forsyth 1989) is not clear. The gods are terrified by the apparition of this monstrous creature and appeal to the moon god
795:
745:
655:
310:
and the victor, who may or may not be Tišpak or Nergal, in accordance with the advice given, fires an arrow to slay the beast.
785:
625:
Keilschriftliche
Literaturen: Ausgewälte Vorträge der XXXII. Recontre Assyrologique International Münster 8-12, 7, 1985
266:), depending on the version and reconstruction of the text. The opening of the Old Babylonian version recalls that of
247:
31:
768:
The Storm-God and the Sea: The Origin, Versions, and
Diffusion of a Myth throughout the Ancient Near East
267:
259:
35:
55:
451:
83:
605:
597:
411:
287:
647:
741:
651:
800:
589:
493:
443:
403:
89:
Depending on the reading of the first character in the antagonist's name (always written as
38:
period, although recent work suggests a later composition. It is a folktale possibly of the
67:
525:
306:
302:
330:
Cuneiform texts from
Babylonian tablets, &c. in the British Museum, Part XIII (CT 13)
640:
509:
779:
609:
516:, multiple readings are possible. The first syllable of Rahab, written with the sign
567:
To the
Euphrates and Beyond: Archaeological Studies in Honour of Maurits N. van Loon
290:
12:4, whose tail swept a third of the stars of heaven, and cast them down to earth.
520:, might also be read as /reb/. Thus, Labbu could have also been called Rebbu (<*
469:
122:
39:
27:
766:
457:
623:
W. G. Lambert (1986). "Ninurta
Mythology in the Babylonian Epic of Creation".
513:
473:
433:
350:
Erich
Ebeling (1916). "Ein Fragment aus dem Mythos von den grossen Schlange".
46:
as its protagonist and may be an allegory representing his replacement of the
736:
Toorn, K. van der; Becking, Bob; Horst, Pieter Willem van der, eds. (1995).
501:
497:
481:
314:
298:
118:
79:
394:
Theodore J. Lewis (1996). "CT 13.33-34 and
Ezekiel 32: Lion-Dragon Myths".
133:
The following translation of the Labbu Myth comes from Ayali-Darshan 2020.
505:
251:
242:
Extant in two very fragmentary copies; an Old Babylonian one and a later
59:
47:
565:
F. A. M. Wiggermann (1989). "Tišpak, his seal and the dragon mušḥuššu".
601:
243:
43:
415:
708:
485:
71:
70:, where Labbu – meaning "Raging One" or "lion", was the prototype of
63:
51:
593:
407:
489:
477:
294:
368:(second ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. 141–143.
75:
203:
You have sent me, O lord, the offspring of the River (nāri),
580:
Paul-Alain Beaulieu (1999). "The Babylonian Man in the Moon".
121:
readings allows a possible connection to the biblical monster
66:
in the earlier version. It was possibly a precursor of the
740:. Leiden ; New York: E.J. Brill. pp. 1292–1295.
42:
region, since the later version seems to feature the god
282:
The vast dimensions of Labbu are described. The sea (
221:(Then) he made the clouds (and) the terrible storm
30:
creation epic. Only one copy of it is known from the
161:Half a nindanu (-measure) his mouth, one ninandu ,
738:
Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible (DDD)
224:The seal (of) his neck (he held) in front of him,
170:In the water, nine amma (-measure deep) he drags
639:
293:In the later version, Labbu is created by the god
212:'Make the clouds (and) the terrible storm arise
158:His length is 50 bēru (-measure), one bēru,
682:
670:
549:
366:The Babylonian Genesis. The Story of Creation
341:Keilschrifttexte Aus Assur Religiösen Inhalts
8:
560:
558:
313:The fragments of the epic are not part of a
182:And the moon's was darkened at its edges.
725:. Princeton University Press. pp. 44f.
230:For three years, three months, day and ni
137:The cities became dilapidated, the lands
723:The Old Enemy: Satan & the Combat Myth
278:For their lamentation there was none to...
215:in front of you the seal (of) your neck,
34:. It is commonly dated no later than the
396:Journal of the American Oriental Society
334:plates 34-35 of tablet Rm 282 (line art)
179:In heaven, the gods bowed down before
542:
346:plate 6 of tablet VAT 9443 (line art)
7:
646:. Harvard University Press. p.
472:is one of the various names for the
374:J. Bottéro and S. N. Kramer (1989).
508:, some signs representing multiple
376:Lorsque les dieux faisaient l'homme
569:. A. A. Balkema. pp. 117–133.
276:The people decreased in number,...
82:. Other similar texts include the
14:
504:, with some signs functioning as
476:"chaos dragons" mentioned in the
420:(transliteration and translation)
352:Orientalistische Literaturzeitung
140:The people decreased in number
109:), the text might also be called
791:Mesopotamian legendary creatures
528:monster mentioned in the BIble.
450:
436:
209:He opened his mouth and to :
796:Mythological aquatic creatures
642:Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic
388:. CDL Press. pp. 488–489.
378:. Gallimard. pp. 464–469.
274:The cities sigh, the people...
206:(But) I do not know Labbu's .
188:(Who) will sa the broad land
1:
167:For five nindanu he birds,
164:One nindanu the span of e.
74:and of the Canaanite tale of
765:Ayali-Darshan, Noga (2020).
582:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
155:Enlil in heaven designed :
233:the blood of Labbu flowed .
218:Shoot (it) and ki Labbu!'
149:'Who the serpent (MUŠ)?'
146:On their cry, he has no .
817:
227:He shot (it) and Labbu.
200:And exercise kingship !'
143:To their lamentation no
16:Mesopotamian creation epic
524:), highly resembling the
426:Babylonian Creation Myths
364:Alexander Heidel (1951).
185:'Who will go and Labb?
62:. This part is played by
707:Compare to the cognate:
512:, and some representing
384:Benjamin Foster (1993).
191:And exercis kingship ?'
176:All the gods of heaven
125:– more on this below.
258:) or sixty-league long
248:Library of Ashurbanipal
197:Save the broad land !
194:'Go, Tišpak, k Labbu!
173:He raises his tail '.
32:Library of Ashurbanipal
424:W. G. Lambert (2013).
338:Erich Ebeling (1919).
322:Principal publications
280:
235:
117:. This polyvalence of
721:Neil Forsyth (1989).
272:
268:The Epic of Gilgamesh
135:
111:The Slaying of Labbu
93:and may be read as:
786:Akkadian literature
638:F.M. Cross (1973).
152:'Sea the serpent,
685:, p. 150–152.
683:Ayali-Darshan 2020
673:, p. 153–154.
671:Ayali-Darshan 2020
552:, p. 149–155.
550:Ayali-Darshan 2020
54:at the top of the
747:978-90-04-10313-9
627:. pp. 55–56.
519:
344:. J. C. Hinrichs.
332:. British Museum.
328:L W King (1901).
318:divine council."
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36:Old Babylonian
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84:Myth of Anzu
50:serpent-god
28:Mesopotamian
23:
20:
18:
514:sumerograms
458:Asia portal
86:and KAR 6.
780:Categories
532:References
474:primordial
358:: 106–108.
288:Revelation
115:Kalbu Myth
68:Enûma Eliš
610:163952499
537:Citations
506:logograms
502:syllabary
498:Cuneiform
482:Leviathan
315:cosmogony
299:Milky Way
246:from the
119:cuneiform
78:fighting
260:Mušḫuššu
256:ba-aš-ma
244:Assyrian
238:Synopsis
60:Eshnunna
56:pantheon
48:chthonic
801:Dragons
759:Sources
602:1359732
264:MUŠ-ḪUŠ
744:
709:Tiamat
654:
608:
600:
588:: 95.
526:Hebrew
522:reb-bu
496:). As
494:Tannin
492:, and
486:Tiamat
416:606370
414:
72:Tiamat
64:Nergal
52:Ninazu
44:Tišpak
40:Diyala
606:S2CID
598:JSTOR
490:Tehom
480:(cf.
478:Bible
470:Rahab
465:Rahab
412:JSTOR
307:Aruru
295:Enlil
284:tāmtu
252:Bašmu
123:Rahab
21:Labbu
742:ISBN
696:bēru
652:ISBN
129:Text
80:Yamm
76:Baal
24:Myth
19:The
590:doi
518:KAL
404:doi
400:116
303:Sin
113:or
107:Tan
105:or
103:Rib
99:Kal
95:Lab
91:KAL
782::
698:A.
650:.
648:58
604:.
596:.
586:51
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557:^
484:,
410:.
398:.
356:19
354:.
270::
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262:(
254:(
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