Language of Jesus - Knowledge (XXG)

781:

learn the languages of many nations, and so adorn their discourses with the smoothness of their periods; because they look upon this sort of accomplishment as common, not only to all sorts of free-men, but to as many of the servants as please to learn them. But they give him the testimony of being a wise man who is fully acquainted with our laws, and is able to interpret their meaning; on which account, as there have been many who have done their endeavors with great patience to obtain this learning, there have yet hardly been so many as two or three that have succeeded therein, who were immediately well rewarded for their pains.

1772:

corruption, avarice and deceit; the other bids farewell to these things. We cannot, therefore, be the friends of both; and it behoves us, by renouncing the one, to make sure of the other. Let us reckon that it is better to hate the things present, since they are trifling, and transient, and corruptible; and to love those as being good and incorruptible. For if we do the will of Christ, we shall find rest; otherwise, nothing shall deliver us from eternal punishment, if we disobey His commandments.

5234: 554: 22: 135: 1758:

not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who will commit to your trust the true riches? And if ye have not been faithful in that which is another man's, who shall give you that which is your own? No servant can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.

566: 2131:

Others see these words in the context of Psalm 22 and suggest that Jesus recited these words, perhaps even the whole psalm, "that he might show himself to be the very Being to whom the words refer; so that the Jewish scribes and people might examine and see the cause why he would not descend from the

1757:

And I say unto you, Make to yourselves friends of the mammon of unrighteousness; that, when ye fail, they may receive you into everlasting habitations. He that is faithful in that which is least is faithful also in much: and he that is unjust in the least is unjust also in much. If therefore ye have

3673:

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. A Wandering Armenian: Collected Aramaic Essays. P.43: "The adverb Ἑβραïστί (and its related expressions) seems to mean 'in Hebrew', and it has often been argued that it means this and nothing more. As is well known, it is used at times with words and expressions that are clearly

855:

from Greek into English) also points out, "We learn from the proem that the Greek text was not the first draft of the work. It had been preceded by a narrative written in Aramaic and addressed to "the barbarians in the interior", who are more precisely defined lower down as the natives of Parthia,

812:

I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians; Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and

780:

I have also taken a great deal of pains to obtain the learning of the Greeks, and understand the elements of the Greek language, although I have so long accustomed myself to speak our own tongue, that I cannot pronounce Greek with sufficient exactness; for our nation does not encourage those that

2517:, 'sons of' (the plural of 'bar'), Aramaic (בני). This is represented by βοάνη (boanē), giving two vowels in the first syllable where one would be sufficient. It could be inferred from this that the Greek transliteration may not be a good one. The second part of the name is often reckoned to be 2123:

This saying is taken by some as an abandonment of the Son by the Father. Another interpretation holds that at the moment when Jesus took upon himself the sins of humanity, the Father had to turn away from the Son because the Father is "of purer eyes than to see evil and cannot look at wrong"

1771:

Now the Lord declares, "No servant can serve two masters." If we desire, then, to serve both God and mammon, it will be unprofitable for us. "For what will it profit if a man gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?" This world and the next are two enemies. The one urges to adultery and

824:

I thought it therefore an absurd thing to see the truth falsified in affairs of such great consequence, and to take no notice of it; but to suffer those Greeks and Romans that were not in the wars to be ignorant of these things, and to read either flatteries or fictions, while the

751:

In another book by Sigalit Ben-Zion, Yadin said: "it seems that this change came as a result of the order that was given by Bar Kokhba, who wanted to revive the Hebrew language and make it the official language of the state." Yadin points out that Aramaic was the regional

884:

Josephus differentiated Hebrew from his language and that of first-century Israel. Josephus refers to Hebrew words as belonging to "the Hebrew tongue" but refers to Aramaic words as belonging to "our tongue" or "our language" or "the language of our country".

748:, Yigael Yadin notes, "It is interesting that the earlier documents are written in Aramaic while the later ones are in Hebrew. Possibly the change was made by a special decree of Bar Kokhba who wanted to restore Hebrew as the official language of the state". 2741:, "twin". Therefore, rather than two personal names, Thomas Didymus, there is a single nickname, the Twin. Christian tradition gives him the personal name Judas, and he was perhaps named Thomas to distinguish him from others of the same name. 1684:

But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell

703:

empires (722–330 BC) and remained a common language of the region in the first century AD. In spite of the increasing importance of Greek, the use of Aramaic was also expanding, and it would eventually be dominant among Jews both in the

2725:) is listed among the disciples of Jesus in all four gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. However, it is only in John's Gospel that more information is given. In three places (John 11:16, 20:24 and 21:2), he is given the name Didymus ( 1994:. The one used in Matthew, Ἠλί, fits in better with the אלי of the original Hebrew Psalm, as has been pointed out in the literature; however, it may also be Aramaic because this form is attested abundantly in Aramaic as well. 3648:

For a complete list of all transliterated words in the Synoptic Gospels, see Joshua N. Tilton and David N. Bivin, "Greek Transliterations of Hebrew, Aramaic and Hebrew/Aramaic Words in the Synoptic Gospels" at

3289:

It is generally agreed that Aramaic was the common language of Israel in the first century AD. Jesus and his disciples spoke the Galilean dialect, which was distinguished from that of Jerusalem (Matt. 26:73)

2627:) is added in Greek to make the name masculine rather than feminine. That the meaning of the name was more important than the name itself is evidenced by the universal acceptance of the Greek translation, 1530:

Once again, the Aramaic word is given with the transliteration, only this time, the word to be transliterated is more complicated. In Greek, the Aramaic is written ἐφφαθά. This could be from the Aramaic

2128:). Other theologians understand the cry as that of one who was truly human and who felt forsaken. Put to death by his foes, very largely deserted by his friends, he may have also felt deserted by God. 2349:

Personal names in the New Testament come from a number of languages; Hebrew and Greek are most common. However, there are a few Aramaic names as well. The most prominent feature in Aramaic names is

2192:

were used at the time the Greek New Testament was written (Ι; still, it is the smallest of all the Greek majuscules) and because the Torah was written in Hebrew, it probably represents the Hebrew

2460:

meaning "son of prophecy", "the prophet", but given the Greek translation υἱὸς παρακλήσεως; usually translated as "son of consolation/encouragement", the Greek could mean "invocation" as well).

1340:) but this term is often applied to unmistakably Aramaic words and phrases; for this reason, it is often interpreted as meaning "the (Aramaic) vernacular of the Jews" in recent translations. 3687:

For example: η επιλεγομενη εβραιστι βηθεσδα "which is called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda" (John 5.2). This is not a Hebrew name but rather an Aramaic one: בית חסדא, "the house of Hisda".

1627:

The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, "Abba, Father."

1778:

In Aramaic, it could be ממון (or, in the typical Aramaic "emphatic" state suggested by the Greek ending, ממונא). This is usually considered to be an originally Aramaic word borrowed into

2016:). The Alexandrian, Western and Caesarean textual families all reflect harmonization of the texts between Matthew and Mark. Only the Byzantine textual tradition preserves a distinction. 2008:

Almost all ancient Greek manuscripts show signs of trying to normalize the two slightly different versions of Jesus's saying, presented in Mark and Matthew. For instance, the peculiar

3674:

Aramaic. Thus in John 19:13, Ἑβραιστὶ δὲ Γαββαθᾶ is given as an explanation of the Lithostrotos, and Γαββαθᾶ is a Grecized form of the Aramaic word gabbětā, 'raised place.'"

3885:

Williams P.J. 2004. The linguistic background to Jesus' Dereliction Cry. The New Testament in its first century setting (ed. Williams P.J., Andre D. Clarke et al.) p. 7-8.

868:(B. i, 3, 6). Of this Aramaic work the Greek is described as a "version" made for the benefit of the subjects of the Roman Empire, i.e. the Graeco-Roman world at large. 1740:

No one can serve two masters: for either they will hate the one, and love the other; or else they will hold to the one, and despise the other. You cannot serve God and

4309:"The Riddle of Jesus' Cry from the Cross: The Meaning of ηλι ηλι λαμα σαβαχθανι (Matthew 27:46) and the Literary Function of ελωι ελωι λειμα σαβαχθανι (Mark 15:34)" 4819: 2160:

For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the Law (that is, the Torah) till all is fulfilled.

161: 892:

were at this time in a flourishing condition, and they expected the Israelites with a great army at the city Bezek, having put the government into the hands of

4814: 4809: 2850:

The place where Jesus takes his disciples to pray before his arrest is given the Greek transliteration Γεθσημανῆ (Gethsēmanē). It represents the Aramaic

678: 343: 336: 181: 4919: 1647:

in Aramaic), is immediately followed by the Greek equivalent (Πατήρ) with no explicit mention of it being a translation. In Aramaic, it would be אבא.

3867: 1492:. The older manuscripts, therefore, used a Greek spelling that reflected pronunciation, whereas the addition of an 'ι' was perhaps due to a bookish 910:(KJV), the gospel-writer narrates that Jesus, "bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew 2985:

When Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus outside and sat on the judge's bench at a place called The Stone Pavement, or in Hebrew, Gabbatha.

3419:

There is general agreement that two main periods of RH (Rabbinical Hebrew) can be distinguished. The first, which lasted until the close of the

653:. Based on the symbolic renaming or nicknaming of some of his apostles it is also likely that Jesus or at least one of his apostles knew enough 4490: 3038:'s death is clearly named Field of Blood in Greek. However, the manuscript tradition gives a number of different spellings of the Aramaic. The 298: 1318:

words. When the text itself refers to the language of such Semitic glosses, it uses words meaning "Hebrew"/"Jewish" (Acts 21:40; 22:2; 26:14:

4867: 4194: 3731: 3555: 3530: 3394: 409: 3843:

Davies, William D. and Dale C. Allison. 1997. Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew. Volume III. P.624

2571:

He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, "You are Simon son of John, you shall be called Cephas", which is translated 'Peter'.

4847: 4591: 404: 3683:

The Cambridge History of Judaism: The late Roman-Rabbinic period. 2006. P.460: "Thus in certain sources Aramaic words are termed "Hebrew,"

3603:

Josephus with an English Translation by H. St. J. Thackeray, M.A., in Nine Volumes, II the Jewish War, Books I-III, Introduction, page ix

791:

In the first century AD, the Aramaic language was widespread throughout the Middle East, as is supported by the testimony of Josephus's

5172: 3961:

Brunson, Andrew. 2003. Psalm 118 in the Gospel of John: An Intertextual Study on the New Exodus Pattern in the Theology of John. P.204

2633:(Petros). It is not known why Paul uses the Aramaic name rather than the Greek name for Simon Peter when he writes to the churches in 1510: 39: 1884:

Depending on how one selects to split the single Greek expression of the early manuscripts into Aramaic, it could be either מרנא תא (

5258: 4458: 4435: 4412: 4389: 4366: 4343: 4320: 4297: 4274: 4251: 4228: 3773: 3481: 3372: 3347: 3282: 105: 4007: 808:

through books he wrote "in the language of our country", prior to translating into Greek for the benefit of the Greeks and Romans:

313: 4355:"Hebrew, Aramaic, and the Differing Phenomena of Targum and Translation in the Second Temple Period and Post-Second Temple Period" 3457:. Then it continued to be used in later rabbinic writings until the tenth century in, for example, the Hebrew portions of the two 899:

In this example, Josephus refers to an Aramaic word as belonging to "our language": "This new-built part of the city was called '

2513:. Given the Greek translation provided by the Biblical text ('Sons of Thunder'), it seems that the first element of the name is 86: 5268: 5048: 5006: 4947: 2417: 596: 449: 2341:, save (us)", but the original Biblical Hebrew form was הושיעה נא. The shortened form הושע could be either Aramaic or Hebrew. 58: 5019: 4842: 4683: 4152:

Since it wasn't actually a name anyone ever had, it seems unlikely that two people were independently given it as a nickname.

3714: 2676: 2491:

And James, the son of Zebedee, and John, the brother of James, and he gave them the name Boanerges, which is Sons of Thunder.

2311: 416: 392: 43: 1371: 3243:

There is wide consensus among scholars that Aramaic was the primary language spoken by the Jews of first century Palestine.

2692:, who argued that Peter and Cephas are the same person. Ehrman later retracted his proposal, deeming it "highly unlikely". 2042:

The most likely rendition of the phrase in its original Aramaic, as said by Jesus, would have been "אלי, אלי, למה שבקתני",

864:, and the inhabitants of Adiabene, a principality of which the reigning house, as was proudly remembered, were converts to 841:, by my means, knew accurately both whence the war begun, what miseries it brought upon us, and after what manner it ended. 5108: 4725: 4586: 3496: 3301: 1907: 1384:

And taking the hand of the child, he said to her, "Talitha kum", which translates as, "Little girl, I say to you, get up."

1302: 650: 3700:, W.B.Eeerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan 1979, 4 vols. vol.1 sub.'Aramaic' p.233: 'in the Aramaic vernacular of Palestine' 1601:"Abba, Father," he said, "everything is possible for you. Take this cup from me. Yet not what I will, but what you will." 65: 5214: 4976: 4515: 3176: 3070:

at the end of the word is difficult to explain, the Septuagint similarly adds this sound to the end of the Semitic name

1413: 436: 353: 2857:

In Aramaic, it could be ܓܕܣܡܢ. This place name is more properly an Aramaized version of an original Hebrew place name.

3423:(around 200 CE), is characterized by RH as a spoken language gradually developing into a literary medium in which the 308: 4286:"Distinguishing Hebrew from Aramaic in Semitized Greek Texts, with an Application for the Gospels and Pseudepigrapha" 3006:, so perhaps a raised flat area near the temple. The final "א" could then represent the emphatic state of the noun. 2731:), the Greek word for a twin. In fact, "the Twin" is not just a surname, it is a translation of "Thomas". The Greek 1901: 1862:

to the God (Son) of David! If any one is holy, let him come; if any one is not so, let him repent. Maran-Atha. Amen.

5263: 4959: 4862: 4792: 4553: 4483: 4217:"The Origins of the Exclusive Aramaic Model in the Nineteenth Century: Methodological Fallacies and Subtle Motives" 3149: 2769:

The disciple's name is given both in Aramaic (Ταβιθά) and Greek (Δορκάς). The Aramaic name is a transliteration of

1614:

Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, "Abba, Father."

503: 248: 72: 2658:, though this is perhaps Clement's way of deflecting the condemnation from Simon Peter. In 1708, a French Jesuit, 32: 4991: 4894: 4028: 1802:

like a Greek word, whereas many of the other Aramaic and Hebrew words are treated as indeclinable foreign words.

263: 3086:). The sound may be a dialectic feature of either the Greek speakers or the original Semitic language speakers. 2926:

And carrying his cross by himself, he went out to the so-called Place of the Skull, which is called in 'Hebrew'

2525:('anger') Aramaic (רגז). Maurice Casey, however, argues that it is a simple misreading of the word for thunder, 5041: 4914: 4715: 4653: 3570:

Book "Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome" p. 234

2590: 2585:

But I say that each of you says "I am of Paul", or "I am of Apollos", or "I am of Cephas", or "I am of Christ".

1606: 1405: 476: 3855: 813:

one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterwards, .

54: 2662:, wrote a dissertation that argues "Peter" was actually "another Peter", thus the emphasis of using the name 907: 4969: 4608: 1833:

used as title of Jesus in Matthew 26:25,49; Mark 9:5, 11:21, 14:45; John 1:38, 1:49, 4:31, 6:25, 9:2, 11:8.

1518: 914:." The last word is, in fact, Aramaic. The word "Golgotha" is a transliteration of an Aramaic word, because 872: 614: 3025:

And this became known to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that field was called, in their own dialect,

744:

in the documents he studied, which had been written during the time of the Bar Kokhba revolt. In his book,

5209: 5136: 4802: 4571: 2711:

Then Thomas, who was called Didymus, said to his co-disciples, "Now let us go that we might die with him!"

2680:, similarly arguing that Peter and Cephas should be understood as different people, citing the writing of 2110: 2090: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1220: 1201: 1194: 1185: 1180: 1161: 1154: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1103: 1081: 1072: 1067: 1041: 1032: 1027: 996: 991: 954: 713: 658: 626: 431: 362: 258: 3864: 3709:

Matthew Black. An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts. Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, LLC, 1998.

2938:

Aramaic, means 'skull'. The name appears in all of the gospels except Luke, which calls the place simply

2132:

cross; namely, because this very psalm showed that it was appointed that he should suffer these things."

805: 5091: 5024: 4929: 4909: 4904: 4744: 4658: 4548: 4476: 3765: 2861:גת is a normal word for press in Hebrew, generally used for a wine press not an olive press though; and 2681: 2645: 2497: 1619: 1239: 696: 688: 528: 523: 461: 238: 223: 186: 144: 2553:, which would fit with a later composition for it, based on a Byzantine reading of the original Greek. 1997:

In the next verse, in both accounts, some who hear Jesus' cry imagine that he is calling for help from

1918:, it is given as Ἐλωΐ, Ἐλωΐ, λαμὰ σαβαχθανί. The differences between the two are the use, in Mark, of 5058: 5053: 4829: 4720: 4581: 4166: 3017: 2752: 2685: 2601:

Then after three years I did go up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas and stayed with him for fifteen days;

2399: 2383: 1823:

Jesus saith unto her, Mary. She turned herself, and saith unto him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master.

1635:, an originally Aramaic form borrowed into the Greek Old Testament as a name (2Chr 29:1) , common in 1557: 974: 483: 399: 375: 228: 4137: 2369: 5029: 4700: 4619: 4615: 4525: 3228: 2655: 2648:, there were two people named Cephas: one was Apostle Simon Peter, and the other was one of Jesus' 2240: 1868: 1588: 1122: 692: 589: 558: 466: 382: 323: 206: 2893:(see Caspar Levias, A Grammar of Galilean Aramaic, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1986). 2413: 1816: 903:,' in our language, which, if interpreted in the Grecian language, may be called 'the New City.'" 5219: 5204: 5199: 5086: 5065: 4886: 4876: 4749: 4693: 4673: 4118: 4071: 3743: 2463: 2449: 2431: 2393: 2277: 2230:

But the chief priests, taking the pieces of silver, said, ‘It is not lawful to put them into the

1421: 1212: 1095: 948: 746:

Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome

533: 516: 488: 426: 421: 357: 243: 3813:

Fernández, Miguel Pérez and John Elwolde. 1999. An Introductory Grammar of Rabbinic Hebrew. P.5

3389: 1394:

This verse gives an Aramaic phrase, attributed to Jesus bringing the girl back to life, with a

79: 5114: 4986: 4852: 4772: 4663: 4648: 4643: 4603: 4558: 4543: 4454: 4431: 4408: 4385: 4362: 4339: 4316: 4293: 4270: 4247: 4224: 4190: 4110: 4063: 3922: 3769: 3759: 3727: 3710: 3551: 3548:

A roadmap to the heavens an anthropological study of hegemony among priests, sages, and laymen

3526: 3477: 3454: 3368: 3343: 3335: 3278: 3181: 2816: 2650: 2222: 2152: 1988:

The word used in the Gospel of Mark for "my god", Ἐλωΐ, corresponds to the Aramaic form אלהי,

1969:, which the saying appears to quote. Thus, Jesus is not quoting the canonical Hebrew version ( 1911: 1732: 1676: 1171: 1061: 979: 959: 888:

Josephus refers to a Hebrew word with the phrase "the Hebrew tongue": "But the affairs of the

875:, the "Field of Blood" was known to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem in their own language as 801: 737: 700: 493: 253: 218: 213: 201: 191: 4184: 3305: 4857: 4837: 4678: 4668: 4636: 4631: 4596: 4576: 4510: 4102: 4055: 3317: 3106: 2716: 2663: 2501: 2435: 2170: 1485: 1409: 1315: 969: 943: 938: 906:

On several occasions in the New Testament, Aramaic words are called Hebrew. For example, in

725: 674: 646: 618: 498: 387: 196: 5182: 5145: 4732: 4710: 4565: 4170: 3871: 3859: 3517:

Bar-Kokhba; the rediscovery of the legendary hero of the second Jewish revolt against Rome

3500: 2538: 2504:

to reflect their impetuosity. The Greek rendition of their name is Βοανηργές (Boanērges).

2197: 2101: 2081: 2073: 2061: 2043: 1942: 1811: 1779: 1636: 1489: 1473: 1446: 1395: 1348: 1271: 964: 826: 741: 662: 293: 233: 1953:) "abandon", which exists only in Aramaic. The Biblical Hebrew counterpart to this word, 3579: 2641:. He may have been writing at a time before Cephas came to be popularly known as Peter. 896:, which name denotes the Lord of Bezek, for Adoni in the Hebrew tongue signifies Lord." 5273: 5237: 5177: 5036: 4937: 4797: 4787: 4782: 4777: 3522: 3097: 3079: 3035: 2977: 2918: 2901: 2833: 2703: 2671: 2563: 2483: 2316: 2282: 2217: 2166: 1915: 1749: 1593: 1525:

And looking up to heaven, he sighed and said to him, "Ephphatha," which is 'be opened'.

1515: 1417: 1377: 1311: 1015: 793: 769: 582: 471: 281: 176: 151: 125: 3940: 1556:

In Aramaic, it could be אתפתח or אפתח. This word was adopted as the official motto of

800:

Josephus chose to inform people from what are now Iran, Iraq, and remote parts of the

5252: 4996: 4981: 4759: 4737: 4705: 4530: 4424:"Hebrew versus Aramaic as Jesus' Language: Notes on Early Opinions by Syriac Authors" 3755: 3420: 3039: 2659: 2577: 2069: 1962: 1655: 1640: 1561: 1425: 1344: 1308: 753: 684: 622: 303: 288: 268: 166: 3979:

Bauer's Lexicon: Gal 1:18; 2:9,11,14; 1Cor 1:12; 3:22; 9:5; 15:5; also 1Clement 47:3

3255: 3201: 2619:

The apostle's given name appears to be Simon, and he is given the Aramaic nickname,

2606:

In these passages, 'Cephas' is given as the nickname of the apostle better known as

2031:, 'to allow, to permit, to forgive, and to forsake', with the perfect aspect ending 5119: 5097: 5070: 4942: 4899: 4538: 3493: 2689: 2147: 1727: 1671: 1632: 1565: 1052: 729: 570: 645:

spent most of his time, were Aramaic-speaking communities. Jesus probably spoke a

4446: 4423: 4401:"Hebrew-Only Exegesis: A Philological Approach to Jesus' Use of the Hebrew Bible" 4400: 4377: 4354: 4331: 4308: 4285: 4262: 4239: 4216: 3726:

Glenn David Bauscher. 2007. The Original Aramaic New Testament in Plain English.

3105:

Now there is in Jerusalem near the Sheep Gate a pool, which in Aramaic is called

2333:

This word is derived from הושע נא. It is generally considered to be a quote from

5103: 4964: 4954: 4688: 4263:"Jesus' Petros–petra Wordplay (Matthew 16:18): Is It Greek, Aramaic, or Hebrew?" 2787: 2607: 2443: 2373: 2009: 861: 830: 709: 654: 456: 156: 21: 2688:

and in support of his theory; Ehrman's article received a detailed critique by

5124: 4624: 4240:"The Use of Hebrew and Aramaic in Epigraphic Sources of the New Testament Era" 3989: 3761:

Jesus of Nazareth: An independent historian's account of his life and teaching

3515: 3450: 2842: 2825: 2509: 2248: 1799: 1550: 986: 893: 889: 4114: 4067: 3822:

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 1979. A Wandering Aramean: Collected Aramaic Essays. P.12

3650: 3612:

Book "What do Jewish People think about Jesus?" by Dr. Michael Brown, Page 39

1782:, but its occurrence in late Biblical Hebrew and, reportedly, in 4th century 5189: 3476:

Frederick E. Greenspahn. An Introduction to Aramaic – Second Edition, 2003.

3439: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3145: 3118: 2953:

In Aramaic, it could be ܓܓܘܠܬܐ. Though this word has the Aramaic final form

2467: 2189: 1876: 1845: 1763: 1691: 1128: 1021: 834: 705: 634: 553: 3926: 2290:

for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. He must never drink wine or

4023: 3895: 3462: 3433: 3071: 3026: 2927: 2910: 2546: 2453: 2403: 2358: 2165:

The quotation uses them as an example of extremely minor details. In the

2077: 1966: 1651: 922:

is the Aramaic definite article on a feminine noun in an emphatic state.

911: 877: 838: 765: 630: 3970:

Balz, Horst. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, Volume 3. P.509

3591: 3321: 2942:(Κρανίον) 'the Skull' in Greek, with no Semitic counterpart. The name ' 5130: 5014: 4378:"Non-Septuagintal Hebraisms in the Third Gospel: An Inconvenient Truth" 4122: 4090: 4075: 4043: 3458: 3445: 3428: 3424: 3126: 2947: 2943: 2890: 2638: 2634: 2325: 1938: 1859: 1850: 1695: 1493: 1472:

is the Aramaic verb 'to rise, stand, get up'. In the feminine singular

1432: 900: 865: 733: 638: 538: 1981:(translation of the Bible). Surviving Aramaic Targums do use the verb 5194: 5150: 4767: 3130: 2962: 2886: 2761: 2334: 2244: 2173: 1998: 1978: 1914:, it is transliterated in Greek as Ἠλί, Ἠλί, λεμὰ σαβαχθανί; in the 1786:

may indicate that it had a more general "common Semitic background".

1741: 1721: 1706: 1355: 1319: 857: 171: 4106: 4059: 3125:. Its name in Aramaic means "House of Grace". It is associated with 3852: 2654:. Clement goes further to say it was Cephas of the Seventy who was 4499: 3140:

For other Aramaic place names in the New Testament beginning with

3134: 3066:, 'field of blood'. While the seemingly gratuitous Greek sound of 2760:

In Joppa, there was a disciple named Tabitha, which is translated

2205: 1990: 1974: 1830: 1783: 1429: 881:, which is the transliteration of the Aramaic words "Haqal Dama". 773: 642: 318: 134: 2854:, meaning 'the oil press' or 'oil vat' (referring to olive oil). 2656:

condemned by Paul in Galatians 2 for not eating with the Gentiles

2428:

meaning "honorable" or "highly prized", perhaps "honorable son").

2188:

is the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet (ι), but since only

3121:, on the path of the Beth Zeta Valley, and is also known as the 3062:). Despite these variant spellings the Aramaic is most probably 2873:שמן, the primary Hebrew word for oil, just in a construct form ( 2594: 2324:

Then those who went ahead and those who followed were shouting,

2193: 2185: 1553:(Greek Old Testament) and was also softened in Galilean speech. 1545: 4472: 4447:"The Linguistic Ethos of the Galilee in the First Century C.E." 4186:

The Uttermost Part of the Earth: A Guide to Places in the Bible

3831:

Greenspahn, Frederick E. 2003. An introduction to Aramaic. P.25

3804:

Greenspahn, Frederick E. 2003. An introduction to Aramaic. P.25

2294:; even before his birth he will be filled with the Holy Spirit. 1875:

If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema

1499:

In square script Aramaic, it could be טליתא קומי or טליתא קום.

4332:"Hebraisti in Ancient Texts: Does Ἑβραϊστί Ever Mean Aramaic?" 3306:"Which language did Jesus speak? – some remarks of a Semitist" 2990:

The place name appears to be Aramaic. According to Josephus,

2125: 1450: 15: 3310:

Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester

2791: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2628: 2611: 2301: 2263: 2137: 1790: 1436: 1399: 1361: 1343:

A small minority of scholars believe that most or all of the

833:, and the remotest Arabians, and those of our nation beyond 740:(132 AD to 135 AD). Yadin noticed the shift from Aramaic to 4008:

A Question of Identity: Is Cephas the Same Person As Peter?

3639:

Book "Introduction to Syriac" by Wheeler Thackston, Page 44

3256:"Aramaic language | Description, History, & Facts" 3216:

Jesus and the Apostles are believed to have spoken Aramaic.

1347:

was originally written in Aramaic. This theory is known as

661:. It is reasonable to assume that Jesus was well versed in 1484:

was dropped so the imperative did not distinguish between

4163: 4468: 2328:! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! 2268:

is declined as a Greek noun, much like other examples.

2035:(second person singular: 'you'), and the object suffix 1480:. However, there is evidence that in speech, the final 3449:, and sees RH being replaced by Aramaic as the spoken 3202:"Aramaic language | Description, History, & Facts" 3277:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans. p. 72. 1896:

Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani (Ἠλί, Ἠλί, λεμὰ σαβαχθανί)

3795:

Kutscher, E.Y.. (1976). Studies in Galilean Aramaic.

3621:

Josephus' Antiquities Book 5. Chapter 2. Paragraph 2

3443:

would be composed. The second stage begins with the

2365:, is conspicuous by its absence. Some examples are: 2239:

In Aramaic (קרבנא) it refers to the treasury in the

2115: 2095: 1543:

could assimilate in western Aramaic. The pharyngeal

5160: 5079: 5005: 4928: 4885: 4828: 4758: 4524: 3990:"CHURCH FATHERS: Church History, Book I (Eusebius)" 3874:

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion

3109:

and which is surrounded by five covered colonnades.

46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3514: 3167:In Aramaic, "Bethesda" could be spelled בית חסדא. 2881:). The word in Aramaic for "oil" is more properly 2869:שמנים meaning "oils", the plural form of the word 2790:'s words to her in verse 40, "Tabitha, get up!" ( 2420:(Βαρτιμαῖος possibly from combination of Aramaic 2396: – Simon bar-Jochanan ("Simon son of John"). 2012:renders both versions with ηλι ηλι λαμα ζαφθανι ( 1549:was often omitted in Greek transcriptions in the 609:There exists a consensus among scholars that the 4451:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4428:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4405:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4382:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4359:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4336:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4313:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4290:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4267:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4244:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 4221:The Language Environment of First Century Judaea 3580:The Antiquities of the Jews, by Flavius Josephus 3550:. Boston: Academic Studies Press. p. 155. 2507:There has been much speculation about the name 1382: 822: 810: 778: 4820:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament 3592:Josephus: Jewish War, Book 1 (a) – translation 2797: 2623:, meaning 'rock' or 'stone'. The final sigma ( 1977:himself, but rather the version in an Aramaic 1858:Let grace come, and let this world pass away. 851:H. St. J. Thackeray (who translated Josephus' 649:of the language, distinguishable from that of 4484: 3921:. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press. p. 34. 3698:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 3413:Sáenz-Badillos, Ángel; Elwolde, John (1996), 3046:); other manuscript versions give Ἀχελδαμάχ ( 590: 8: 4138:"Was Cephas Peter? The Rest of the Argument" 3839: 3837: 3503:. Mountlebanon.org. Retrieved on 2014-05-28. 2824:Then Jesus went with them to a place called 2774: 2386: – Simon bar-Jona (Σίμων Βαριωνᾶς from 1937:Overall, both versions can be said to be in 712:around 200 AD and would remain so until the 2841:And they went to a place that has the name 2380:, perhaps "son of furrows" or "ploughman"). 2345:Aramaic personal names in the New Testament 1690:(The bracketed text does not appear in all 1325: 4815:New Testament places associated with Jesus 4810:Historical background of the New Testament 4491: 4477: 4469: 4453:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 110–181. 4430:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 182–205. 4407:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 347–374. 4399:Notley, Steven; Garcia, Jeffrey P (2014). 4384:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 320–346. 4361:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 207–246. 4315:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 395–421. 4292:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 247–319. 4269:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 375–394. 3661: 1297:Aramaic phrases in the Greek New Testament 818:Jewish Wars (Book 1, Preface, Paragraph 1) 679:Historical background of the New Testament 597: 583: 133: 120: 4338:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 66–109. 3582:. Gutenberg.org. Retrieved on 2014-05-28. 3340:Handbook to exegesis of the New Testament 2913:, which is translated Place of the Skull. 1662:(בר אבא), literally "Son of the Father". 846:Jewish Wars (Book 1 Preface, Paragraph 2) 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 5142:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew) 4246:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 35–65. 3494:Aramaic Language: The Language of Christ 3137:was reported healing a man at the pool. 2807:Aramaic place names in the New Testament 2196:(י) which is the smallest letter of the 1449:and is the version which appears in the 1420:have this form of the text, but others ( 929: 4223:. Leiden-Boston: Brill. pp. 7–34. 3594:. Attalus.org. Retrieved on 2014-05-28. 3273:Allen C. Myers, ed. (1987). "Aramaic". 3193: 3074:to form the Greek name for the Book of 1985:in their translations of the Psalm 22. 2877:instead of the ordinary plural suffix 1836:In Aramaic, it would have been רבוני. 1712:In Aramaic, it could be ריקא or ריקה. 1445:, cumi) instead. The latter is in the 3395:American Society of Overseas Research 3117:was originally the name of a pool in 2961:, it is otherwise also closer to the 1709:, means empty one, fool, empty head. 1535:, the passive imperative of the verb 657:to converse with those not native to 7: 4330:Buth, Randall; Pierce, Chad (2014). 4091:"Peter and Cephas: One and the Same" 2353:(Greek transliteration βαρ, Aramaic 2251:(in Greek transliteration), meaning 2105: 2085: 1961:) is seen in the second line of the 405:Sources for the historicity of Jesus 44:adding citations to reliable sources 3630:Wars Book 5, Chapter 4, Paragraph 2 2969:גולגולת, than to the Aramaic form. 2775: 2610:. The Greek word is transliterated 2247:(קרבן), found in Mark 7:11 and the 1910:, is given in two versions: in the 1908:seven sayings of Jesus on the cross 1705:, in the Aramaic and Hebrew of the 5133:(traditional maternal grandfather) 5127:(traditional maternal grandmother) 3521:. New York: Random House. p. 3388:Gleaves, G. Scott (October 2015). 2909:And they took him up to the place 1511:Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis 806:war of the Jews against the Romans 669:Cultural and linguistic background 14: 4164:The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon 3853:The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon 3089:In Aramaic, it could be חקל דמא. 1464:is the feminine form of the word 1051: 931:New Testament Aramaic consonants 5233: 5232: 3941:"Pulpit Commentary – Mark 15:34" 3415:A history of the Hebrew language 3367:. Prometheus Books. p. 98. 3229:"What Language Did Jesus Speak?" 2786:It may be just coincidence that 2052:In Hebrew, the saying would be " 1829:Also in Mark 10:51. Hebrew form 1789:In the New Testament, the word 1564:' most prominent school for the 564: 552: 264:Apparitions and visions of Jesus 20: 5139:(paternal grandfather per Luke) 3009:In Aramaic, it could be גבהתא. 2803:In Aramaic, it could be טביתא. 2744:In Aramaic, it could be ܬܐܘܡܐ. 2737:—Thōmâs—comes from the Aramaic 2361:prefix. Its Hebrew equivalent, 2054:אֵלִי אֵלִי, לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי 2039:(first person singular: 'me'). 344:Background to the New Testament 31:needs additional citations for 4843:Quest for the historical Jesus 4189:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 4095:Journal of Biblical Literature 4048:Journal of Biblical Literature 3919:The Cross in the New Testament 2783:). Both names mean 'gazelle'. 2695:In Aramaic, it could be כיפא. 2677:Journal of Biblical Literature 2521:('tumult') Aramaic (רגיש), or 2357:), meaning 'son of', a common 2312:Triumphal entry into Jerusalem 2234:, since they are blood money.’ 1853:10:6 (Prayer after Communion) 1335:in the Hebrew dialect/language 732:, Aramaic was the language of 393:Quest for the historical Jesus 1: 3696:E.g. Geoffrey W.Bromley (ed.) 3275:The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary 2889:writings in Aramaic from the 2452: – Joseph who is called 1888:, "Lord, come!") or מרן אתא ( 1424:, the text-type known as the 1303:Language of the New Testament 627:Judea in the first century AD 4353:Machiela, Daniel A. (2014). 3363:Hoffmann, R. Joseph (1986). 3177:Race and appearance of Jesus 2885:(משחא), as also attested in 2537:). This is supported by one 2496:Jesus surnames the brothers 2116: 2096: 1643:(written Αββά in Greek, and 1356: 1320: 4012:Journal of Biblical Studies 3342:. Brill. pp. 110–112. 2573:(New International Version) 2541:translation of the name as 2218:Judas Iscariot § Death 2117:ʾalāh ʾalāh lǝmānā šǝḇaqtān 1694:and is absent in the Latin 1372:Raising of Jairus' daughter 860:, the Jewish dispersion in 5290: 4793:Five Discourses of Matthew 4183:Losch, Richard R. (2005). 3093:Pool of Bethesda (Βηθεσδά) 2946:' is taken from the Latin 2792: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2629: 2612: 2529:(due to the similarity of 2309: 2302: 2275: 2264: 2243:, derived from the Hebrew 2215: 2145: 2138: 2072:pronunciation), while the 1899: 1843: 1809: 1791: 1725: 1719: 1669: 1586: 1508: 1437: 1400: 1369: 1362: 1300: 786:Antiquities of Jews XX, XI 672: 410:Reliability of the Gospels 5228: 4506: 4089:Allison, Dale C. (1992). 3365:Jesus in history and myth 3029:, that is Field of Blood. 2474:, "son of Jesus/Joshua"). 2053: 2048:Eli, Eli, ləmā šəḇaqtanī. 1954: 1946: 1902:Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? 1277: 1270: 1248: 1238: 1219: 1121: 1102: 1071: 1031: 1014: 995: 985: 942: 935: 738:Simon Bar Kokhba's revolt 5259:1st-century Christianity 5020:In comparative mythology 4261:Bivin, David N. (2014). 4173: – Entry for "ṭbyʾ" 4042:Ehrman, Bart D. (1990). 3651:jerusalemperspective.com 3390:"Did Jesus Speak Greek?" 2994:, V.ii.1, #51, the word 2865:שמני is the Hebrew word 2800:" phrase used by Jesus. 2674:wrote an article on the 2390:, "Simon son of Jonah"). 2076:phrase according to the 1906:This phrase, one of the 1892:, "Our Lord has come"). 716:in the seventh century. 665:for religious purposes. 349:Language spoken by Jesus 118:Language spoken by Jesus 5173:Interactions with women 4376:Notley, Steven (2014). 4307:Buth, Randall (2014b). 4284:Buth, Randall (2014a). 4238:Baltes, Guido (2014b). 4215:Baltes, Guido (2014a). 3260:Encyclopedia Britannica 3206:Encyclopedia Britannica 2950:translation, Calvaria. 2796:), are similar to the " 2410:, "son of the father"). 2058:ēlī ēlī, lāmā ‘azabtānī 1539:, 'to open', since the 559:Christianity portal 5269:Language and mysticism 5183:Mary, sister of Martha 4803:Oral gospel traditions 4445:Turnage, Marc (2014). 3917:Conner, W. T. (1954). 3662:Buth & Pierce 2014 3546:Zion, Sigalit (2009). 3513:Yadin, Yigael (1971). 3453:, surviving only as a 3083: 2812:Gethsemane (Γεθσημανῆ) 2019:The Aramaic word form 2014:ēli ēli lama zaphthani 1971:ēlī ēlī lāmā ‘azabtānī 1945:, because of the verb 1392: 1321:têi hebraḯdi dialéktōi 849: 821: 789: 363:Mental health of Jesus 4910:Life of Christ Museum 4905:Life of Christ in art 4422:Ruzer, Serge (2014). 3766:Bloomsbury Publishing 3461:and in midrashic and 2773:, the female form of 2682:Clement of Alexandria 2646:Clement of Alexandria 2479:Boanerges (Βοανηργές) 2106:ܐܠܗܝ ܐܠܗܝ ܠܡܢܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ 2097:ʔēl ʔēl lǝmā šǝḇaqtān 2066:eli eli lama azavtani 2023:is based on the verb 768:comments on learning 708:and elsewhere in the 691:during and after the 689:Eastern Mediterranean 673:Further information: 529:Life of Christ Museum 450:Perspectives on Jesus 145:Jesus in Christianity 4726:Sayings on the cross 4684:Entry into Jerusalem 4142:The Bart Ehrman Blog 2686:Epistula Apostolorum 2139:Ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κεραία 2086:ܐܝܠܝ ܐܝܠܝ ܠܡܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ 1840:Maranatha (Μαραναθά) 1558:Gallaudet University 1476:, it was originally 40:improve this article 5215:Race and appearance 5153:(traditional uncle) 5059:Jesus the Splendour 4701:Agony in the Garden 4616:Sermon on the Mount 3417:, pp. 170–71, 3322:10.7227/BJRL.53.1.2 3144:("house of"), see 3013:Akeldama (Ἀκελδαμά) 2376:(Βαρθολομαῖος from 2241:Temple in Jerusalem 2169:text translated as 2100:(Matthew 27:46) or 1869:1 Corinthians 16:22 1864:(Roberts-Donaldson) 1774:(Roberts-Donaldson) 1589:Agony in the Garden 1468:, meaning "young". 932: 207:Sermon on the Mount 55:"Language of Jesus" 5200:Rejection of Jesus 4877:Christ myth theory 4694:Farewell Discourse 4169:2013-10-18 at the 4044:"Cephas and Peter" 3870:2014-04-13 at the 3858:2010-04-19 at the 3499:2009-02-11 at the 3336:Porter, Stanley E. 3233:Zondervan Academic 2973:Gabbatha (Γαββαθᾶ) 2897:Golgotha (Γολγοθᾶ) 2278:Zechariah (priest) 1806:Rabbuni (Ραββουνί) 1639:and still used in 1504:Ephphatha (Ἐφφαθά) 1422:Codex Alexandrinus 930: 629:. The villages of 621:. Aramaic was the 5264:Aramaic languages 5246: 5245: 5168:Language of Jesus 5115:Brothers of Jesus 4987:Session of Christ 4863:Mara bar Serapion 4664:Great Commandment 4559:Flight into Egypt 4196:978-0-8028-2805-7 4014:3/3 October 2003. 4006:Scott, James M. " 3994:www.newadvent.org 3732:978-1-4357-1289-8 3664:, p. 64-109. 3557:978-1-934843-14-7 3532:978-0-297-00345-8 3455:literary language 3182:Semitic languages 3058:) and Ἁκελδαμάχ ( 2114: 2094: 1941:, rather than in 1912:Gospel of Matthew 1733:Gospel of Matthew 1294: 1293: 802:Arabian Peninsula 772:in first century 764:Hebrew historian 714:Islamic conquests 611:language of Jesus 607: 606: 422:Jesus myth theory 116: 115: 108: 90: 5281: 5236: 5235: 5111:(alleged father) 4965:Person of Christ 4838:Historical Jesus 4669:Olivet Discourse 4597:Great Commission 4493: 4486: 4479: 4470: 4464: 4441: 4418: 4395: 4372: 4349: 4326: 4303: 4280: 4257: 4234: 4201: 4200: 4180: 4174: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4148: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4039: 4033: 4021: 4015: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3877: 3865:Targum Psalms 22 3850: 3844: 3841: 3832: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3724: 3718: 3707: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3520: 3510: 3504: 3491: 3485: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3212: 3198: 3042:reads Ἀκελδαμά ( 2965:word for skull, 2795: 2794: 2778: 2777: 2748:Tabitha (Ταβιθά) 2736: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2723: 2651:Seventy Apostles 2632: 2631: 2615: 2614: 2470:(Βαριησοῦς from 2438:(Βαρσαββᾶς from 2340: 2305: 2304: 2267: 2266: 2141: 2140: 2136:Jot and tittle ( 2119: 2109: 2107: 2099: 2089: 2087: 2055: 1956: 1948: 1794: 1793: 1716:Mammon (Μαμωνάς) 1584: 1583: 1579: 1505: 1490:feminine genders 1440: 1439: 1410:Codex Sinaiticus 1403: 1402: 1390: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1222: 1215: 1203: 1196: 1187: 1182: 1174: 1163: 1156: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1131: 1105: 1098: 1083: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1055: 1043: 1034: 1029: 1024: 998: 993: 933: 847: 819: 787: 726:Dead Sea Scrolls 720:Dead Sea Scrolls 683:Aramaic was the 675:Historical Jesus 647:Galilean variant 599: 592: 585: 571:Islam portal 569: 568: 567: 557: 556: 517:Jesus in culture 388:Historical Jesus 376:Jesus in history 299:Names and titles 254:Heavenly Session 162:Names and titles 137: 121: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5242: 5224: 5156: 5075: 5007:In other faiths 5001: 4924: 4920:Transfiguration 4881: 4824: 4754: 4654:Transfiguration 4528: 4520: 4502: 4497: 4467: 4461: 4444: 4438: 4421: 4415: 4398: 4392: 4375: 4369: 4352: 4346: 4329: 4323: 4306: 4300: 4283: 4277: 4260: 4254: 4237: 4231: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4171:Wayback Machine 4162: 4158: 4146: 4144: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4107:10.2307/3267263 4088: 4087: 4083: 4060:10.2307/3267052 4041: 4040: 4036: 4022: 4018: 4005: 4001: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3896:"Habakkuk 1:13" 3894: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3872:Wayback Machine 3860:Wayback Machine 3851: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3768:. p. 277. 3754: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3738: 3725: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3501:Wayback Machine 3492: 3488: 3475: 3471: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3237: 3235: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3210: 3208: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3173: 3095: 3015: 2975: 2899: 2814: 2809: 2793:Ταβιθᾶ ἀνάστηθι 2750: 2701: 2561: 2549:reads ܒܢܝ ܪܓܫܝ 2481: 2456:(Βαρνάβας from 2406:(Βαραββᾶς from 2388:Šim‘ōn bar-Yōnā 2347: 2338: 2314: 2308: 2280: 2274: 2272:Sikera (Σίκερα) 2220: 2214: 2212:Korban (Κορβάν) 2198:Hebrew alphabet 2150: 2144: 2062:Biblical Hebrew 1904: 1898: 1848: 1842: 1814: 1812:Noli me tangere 1808: 1780:Rabbinic Hebrew 1730: 1724: 1718: 1674: 1668: 1658:of the Aramaic 1650:Note, the name 1637:Mishnaic Hebrew 1591: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1456:The Aramaic is 1447:Textus Receptus 1428:, and also the 1398:into Greek, as 1396:transliteration 1391: 1388: 1374: 1368: 1349:Aramaic primacy 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1305: 1299: 1211: 1170: 1127: 1094: 1060: 1020: 928: 856:Babylonia, and 848: 845: 820: 817: 788: 785: 762: 722: 685:common language 681: 671: 623:common language 603: 565: 563: 551: 544: 543: 519: 509: 508: 452: 442: 441: 378: 368: 367: 339: 329: 328: 284: 274: 273: 147: 119: 112: 101: 95: 92: 49: 47: 37: 25: 12: 11: 5: 5287: 5285: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5251: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5178:Mary Magdalene 5170: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5148: 5143: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5106: 5101: 5100:(legal father) 5095: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5022: 5017: 5011: 5009: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4934: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4845: 4834: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4798:Gospel harmony 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4764: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4516:List of topics 4513: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4481: 4473: 4466: 4465: 4459: 4442: 4436: 4419: 4413: 4396: 4390: 4373: 4367: 4350: 4344: 4327: 4321: 4304: 4298: 4281: 4275: 4258: 4252: 4235: 4229: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4175: 4156: 4128: 4101:(3): 489–495. 4081: 4054:(3): 463–474. 4034: 4029:Church History 4016: 3999: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3932: 3909: 3887: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3845: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3774: 3756:Casey, Maurice 3747: 3736: 3719: 3702: 3689: 3676: 3666: 3654: 3641: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3584: 3572: 3563: 3556: 3538: 3531: 3505: 3486: 3469: 3437:and Tannaitic 3405: 3380: 3373: 3355: 3348: 3327: 3293: 3283: 3265: 3247: 3220: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3172: 3169: 3112: 3111: 3094: 3091: 3036:Judas Iscariot 3032: 3031: 3014: 3011: 3004:elevated place 2988: 2987: 2974: 2971: 2933: 2932: 2916: 2915: 2898: 2895: 2848: 2847: 2831: 2830: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2767: 2766: 2749: 2746: 2714: 2713: 2700: 2699:Thomas (Θωμᾶς) 2697: 2672:Bart D. Ehrman 2604: 2603: 2588: 2587: 2575: 2574: 2560: 2559:Cephas (Κηφᾶς) 2557: 2494: 2493: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2461: 2447: 2442:, "son of the 2429: 2411: 2397: 2391: 2381: 2346: 2343: 2331: 2330: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2273: 2270: 2253:religious gift 2237: 2236: 2213: 2210: 2174:jot and tittle 2163: 2162: 2143: 2134: 2120:(Mark 15:34). 2074:Syriac-Aramaic 2044:transliterated 1916:Gospel of Mark 1900:Main article: 1897: 1894: 1882: 1881: 1866: 1865: 1844:Main article: 1841: 1838: 1827: 1826: 1807: 1804: 1776: 1775: 1761: 1760: 1747: 1746: 1720:Main article: 1717: 1714: 1688: 1687: 1667: 1664: 1630: 1629: 1617: 1616: 1604: 1603: 1573: 1570: 1528: 1527: 1506: 1501: 1404:. A few Greek 1386: 1378:Gospel of Mark 1367: 1353: 1312:transliterates 1301:Main article: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1057: 1056: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 994: 989: 983: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 941: 936: 927: 924: 843: 815: 794:The Jewish War 783: 761: 758: 728:archaeologist 721: 718: 697:Neo-Babylonian 670: 667: 605: 604: 602: 601: 594: 587: 579: 576: 575: 574: 573: 561: 546: 545: 542: 541: 536: 531: 526: 520: 515: 514: 511: 510: 507: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 480: 479: 469: 464: 459: 453: 448: 447: 444: 443: 440: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 413: 412: 407: 397: 396: 395: 385: 379: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 365: 360: 351: 346: 340: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 285: 282:Jesus in Islam 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 210: 209: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 177:Gospel harmony 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 148: 143: 142: 139: 138: 130: 129: 117: 114: 113: 28: 26: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5286: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5239: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5210:Mental health 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5030:In the Talmud 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4997:Cosmic Christ 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4982:Second Coming 4980: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4970:Pre-existence 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4760:New Testament 4757: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4637:Lord's Prayer 4635: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4572:Unknown years 4570: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4554:Date of birth 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4489: 4487: 4482: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4462: 4460:9789004264410 4456: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4437:9789004264410 4433: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4414:9789004264410 4410: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4393: 4391:9789004264410 4387: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4368:9789004264410 4364: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4345:9789004264410 4341: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4322:9789004264410 4318: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4299:9789004264410 4295: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4276:9789004264410 4272: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4253:9789004264410 4249: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4230:9789004264410 4226: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3777: 3775:9780567079084 3771: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3680: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3518: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3482:1-58983-059-8 3479: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3421:Tannaitic era 3416: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3374:0-87975-332-3 3370: 3366: 3359: 3356: 3351: 3349:90-04-09921-2 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3284:0-8028-2402-1 3280: 3276: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3054:), Ἁχελδαμά ( 3053: 3050:), Ἁκελδαμά ( 3049: 3045: 3041: 3040:Majority Text 3037: 3034:The place of 3030: 3028: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2914: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2829: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2811: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2772: 2765: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2666:(Aramaic for 2665: 2661: 2660:Jean Hardouin 2657: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2644:According to 2642: 2640: 2636: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2609: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2578:1 Corinthians 2572: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2533:to the final 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2400:Matthew 27:16 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2384:Matthew 16:17 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2342: 2336: 2329: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2299: 2295: 2293: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2279: 2271: 2269: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2219: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2204:is a hook or 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2149: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2103: 2098: 2092: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2070:Modern Hebrew 2067: 2063: 2059: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2005:in Aramaic). 2004: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1973:), spoken by 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963:Old Testament 1960: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1863: 1861: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1729: 1723: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1656:Hellenization 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1641:Modern Hebrew 1638: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1562:United States 1559: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1426:Majority Text 1423: 1419: 1418:Mark's Gospel 1415: 1411: 1407: 1397: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1373: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1345:New Testament 1341: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1309:New Testament 1304: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1002: 1000: 990: 988: 984: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 955:Post-alveolar 953: 951: 950: 945: 940: 937: 934: 925: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 904: 902: 897: 895: 891: 886: 882: 880: 879: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 854: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 814: 809: 807: 803: 798: 796: 795: 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 759: 757: 756:at the time. 755: 754:lingua franca 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 724:According to 719: 717: 715: 711: 707: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 680: 676: 668: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 615:his disciples 612: 600: 595: 593: 588: 586: 581: 580: 578: 577: 572: 562: 560: 555: 550: 549: 548: 547: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 518: 513: 512: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 478: 475: 474: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 454: 451: 446: 445: 438: 435: 433: 432:Unknown years 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 386: 384: 381: 380: 377: 372: 371: 364: 361: 359: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 338: 333: 332: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 283: 278: 277: 270: 269:Second Coming 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 208: 205: 204: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 167:Life of Jesus 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 146: 141: 140: 136: 132: 131: 127: 123: 122: 110: 107: 99: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: – 56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 5167: 5120:Holy Kinship 5071:Master Jesus 5049:Baháʼí Faith 4943:Christianity 4930:Christianity 4900:Christ Child 4895:Bibliography 4745:Resurrection 4659:Homelessness 4568:(apocryphal) 4549:Virgin birth 4539:Annunciation 4531:Jesus's life 4450: 4427: 4404: 4381: 4358: 4335: 4312: 4289: 4266: 4243: 4220: 4185: 4178: 4159: 4151: 4145:. 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