258:
acquired, therefore it occurs in individuals that have already developed language. Aphasia does not affect a person's intellect or speech but
Instead affects the formulation of language. All areas of language are affected by aphasia including expressive and receptive language abilities. Symptoms of aphasia vary widely but generally are defined by language deficits that affect fluency, the ability to talk, reading, writing, and comprehension. There are many types of aphasia that vary in symptoms depending upon where in the language center of the brain the damage occurred. The aphasias can be categorized as different aphasic syndromes depending upon the location of lesion and the symptoms that differentiate the aphasias from one another. Global aphasia is a type of aphasia that occurs in people where a large portion of the language center of the brain has been damaged and results in deficits in all modalities of language. Broca's aphasia, also referred to as expressive aphasia, is an aphasic syndrome in which there is damage in left hemisphere, specifically in the Broca's area, of the brain. Broca's aphasia may affect an individual's ability to produce speech while comprehension remains intact.
228:(SLI) is a developmental language disorder among children that has no known cause and cannot be attributed to any physical or intellectual disability, environmental factors such as deprivation, hearing loss, or any other underlying etiology. SLI is characterized by abnormal development of language that includes a delay in the onset of language, simplification of grammatical structures and difficulty with grammatical morphology, limited vocabulary, and problems understanding complex language. Children with SLI tend to begin speaking at a later age and have a smaller vocabulary than their peers. Among the language disorders that are present during childhood, SLI is one of the most prevalent, affecting roughly 7% of children. While children with specific language impairment have difficulty with language production, they are noted to have normal levels of intelligence.
59:
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the language disturbance while a secondary language disorder is the result of another disorder. Language disorders can also be categorized as developmental or acquired. A developmental language disorder is present at birth while an acquired language disorder occurs at some point after birth. Acquired language disorders can often be attributed to injuries within the brain due to occurrences such as stroke or
275:
In order to help distinguish between language disorders, they are often categorized as either primary disorders of language, secondary disorders of language, acquired or developmental. A primary language disorder is one that cannot be attributed to an underlying disorder and is solely responsible for
257:
Aphasia is a language disorder that is caused by damage to the tissue in the language center in the brain. The type of incident that most often causes
Aphasia is stroke but can also occur due to traumatic brain injury, infection, tumors, and degenerative brain disorders. Aphasia is a disorder that is
184:
If it is a developmental disorder, the child will have difficulty acquiring new words and grammatical structures. The child will often begin speaking later than his/her peers and progress at a slower rate linguistically. Due to the very nature of these disorders, the child may struggle with academics
239:
spectrum disorder (ASD) is a term used to define a group of developmental disorders that are characterized by disruption in communication and social abilities, limited eye contact, exhibiting repetitive behaviors, and having limited interests. Due to the impact that autism has on communication and
216:
During childhood the most common type of disruption in communication is a language disorder. In most cases, language development is predicable and referrals for evaluation may be needed in cases where a child's language development is atypical. Language disorders among children are present when a
266:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by neurological damage due to an open or closed head injury. The most frequent causes of head injury include motor vehicle accidents, assault, gun related incidents, and falls, TBI is categorized as either mild, moderate or severe and can affect cognitive,
173:
is characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language, although comprehension generally remains intact; it is typically a result of stroke, trauma, or tumors. Other expressive language disorders may impair not only voice and articulation, but also the mental formation of language,
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Pinborough-Zimmerman, J., Satterfield, R., Miller, J., Bilder, D., Hossain, S., & McMahon, W. (2007). Communication disorders: Prevalence and comorbid intellectual disability, autism, and emotional/ behavioral disorders. American
Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16,
128:. However, the same therapy is shown to be much less effective for receptive language difficulties. These results are consistent with the poorer prognosis for receptive language impairments that are generally accompanied with problems in reading comprehension.
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Expressive language disorders can occur during a child's development or they can be acquired. This acquisition usually follows a normal neurological development and is brought about by a number of causes such as head trauma or irradiation.
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Language disorders tend to manifest in two different ways: receptive language disorders (where one cannot properly comprehend language) and expressive language disorders (where one cannot properly communicate their intended message).
430:
Heim, S., & Benasich, A. A. (2006). Developmental disorders of language. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 268–316). Hoboken, NJ:
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Language disorders that are neurogenic affect the nervous system and result in disruption in language production. The type of language dysfunction that occurs is dependent upon the site, extent, and cause of the brain damage.
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However, unique symptoms and signs of a receptive language disorder include: struggling to understand meanings of words and sentences, struggling to put words in proper order, and inability to follow verbal instruction.
151:, or developmental (most often the latter). When developmental, difficulties in spoken language tend to occur before three years of age. Usually such disorders are accompanied by expressive language disorders.
91:(meaning), or other aspects of language. These problems may be receptive (involving impaired language comprehension), expressive (involving language production), or a combination of both. Examples include
217:
child is experiencing substantial difficulty regarding their language development. Among young children, language disorders have been associated with higher rates of social difficulties and anxiety.
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Features of an expressive language disorder vary, but have certain features in common such as: limited vocabulary, inability to produce complex grammar, and more lexical errors.
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121:, general birth complications, and male gender, as well as family history and low parental education can increase the chance of developing language disorders.
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psychosocial, and linguistic skills. Language skills that may be affected include comprehension, motor output, word finding, and difficulties with reading.
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363:"The Forgotten Learning Disability: Epidemiology of Written-Language Disorder in a Population-Based Birth Cohort (1976–1982), Rochester, Minnesota"
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Wallace, Ina F.; Berkman, Nancy D.; Watson, Linda R.; Coyne-Beasley, Tamera; Wood, Charles T.; Cullen, Katherine; Lohr, Kathleen N. (2015-08-01).
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Beitchman, J., & Brownlie, E. B. (2014). Language disorders in children and adolescents. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber.
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Current data indicates that 7% of young children display language disorder, with boys being diagnosed twice as often as girls.
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874:"Non-specific nature of specific language impairment: a review of the literature with regard to concomitant motor impairments"
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A special class of language disorders is studied by the psychopathology of language. Its topics of interest range from simple
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are disorders that involve the processing of linguistic information. Problems that may be experienced can involve
713:. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, psychcentral.com/disorders/expressive-language-disorder-symptoms/.
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Jankovic, Joseph; Mazziotta, John C.; Pomeroy, Scott Loren; Newman, Nancy J.; Bradley, W. G., eds. (2022).
506:"Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder"
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103:, among others. Language disorders can affect both spoken and written language, and can also affect
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1221:"A Psycholinguistic Approach to the Classification, Evaluation and Remediation of Language Disorder"
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classes for children at school, and a psychologist if accompanying behavioral problems are present.
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453:"Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Children 5 Years Old and Younger: A Systematic Review"
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For children with phonological and expressive language difficulties, there is evidence supporting
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APHASIA AND OTHER ACQUIRED NEUROGENIC LANGUAGE DISORDERS : a guide for clinical excellence
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Katusic, Slavica K.; Colligan, Robert C.; Weaver, Amy L.; Barbaresi, William J. (2009-05-01).
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Preliminary research on potential risk factors have suggested biological components, such as
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Experts that commonly treat such disorders include speech pathologists and audiologists.
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The
Understood Team. "Understanding Language Disorders." Edited by Bob Cunningham.
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657:"Child Learning Disabilities | Behavior Problems | Attention Issues"
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561:. DSM Library. Vol. 26. American Psychiatric Association. p. 257.
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Small SL (December 1994). "Connectionist networks and language disorders".
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Learning
Disabilities and Brain Function: A Neuropsychological Approach
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Communication sciences and disorders: from science to clinical practice
772:"Language Disorders in Children: Classification and Clinical Syndromes"
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100:
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753:. Available from: Yuzu, (3rd Edition). Pearson Education (US), 2013.
819:"Childhood Language Disorder and Social Anxiety in Early Adulthood"
1005:(Fourth ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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International
Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
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Receptive language disorders can be acquired—as in the case of
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Disorders that involve the processing of linguistic information
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social interactions, language is affected in most instances.
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Brownlie, E. B.; Bao, Lin; Beitchman, Joseph (August 2016).
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Bressert, S. (2016). Expressive
Language Disorder Symptoms.
921:"What Causes Specific Language Impairment in Children?"
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Gillam, Ronald B.; Marquardt, Thomas P., eds. (2021).
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107:; typically, all forms of language will be impaired.
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Victoria State Govt. "Receptive language disorder."
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Bradley and Daroff's neurology in clinical practice
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504:Law, James; Garrett, Zoe; Nye, Chad (2003-07-21).
652:Understood: for learning & attention issues
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158:Treatment options include: language therapy,
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1426:Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
1198:Gaddes, William H.; Edgell, Dorothy (1993).
1181:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
925:Current Directions in Psychological Science
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1163:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1159:"Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion"
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1099:(Eighth ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier.
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687:"Expressive Language Disorder Symptoms"
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244:Acquired neurogenic language disorders
1568:Learning problems in childhood cancer
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919:Bishop, Dorothy V.M. (October 2006).
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823:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
751:Communication Sciences and Disorders
1512:Developmental coordination disorder
982:National Institute of Mental Health
872:Hill, Elisabeth L. (January 2001).
749:Justice, Laura, M. and Erin Redle.
1228:Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics
776:Pediatric Clinics of North America
131:Note that these are distinct from
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684:. Retrieved on May 1, 2017, from
1373:specific developmental disorders
937:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00439.x
493:from the original on 2016-03-10.
411:from the original on 2017-05-09.
693:from the original on 2017-01-19
663:from the original on 2017-07-03
632:from the original on 2017-07-12
97:developmental language disorder
1517:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
1494:Disorder of written expression
1436:Speech and language impairment
1177:"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)"
1132:"Broca's (Expressive) Aphasia"
555:"Neurodevelopmental Disorders"
553:Kotsopoulos, S. (2013-05-22).
1:
1668:Speech and language pathology
626:"Receptive language disorder"
166:Expressive language disorders
32:Speech and language pathology
1533:Auditory processing disorder
1431:Specific language impairment
1401:Expressive language disorder
1253:10.1016/0021-9924(94)90020-5
1136:National Aphasia Association
770:Simms, Mark D. (June 2007).
336:Specific language impairment
296:Auditory processing disorder
226:Specific language impairment
221:Specific language impairment
212:Childhood language disorders
185:and socializing with peers.
143:Receptive language disorders
93:specific language impairment
1538:Sensory processing disorder
1058:BROOKE., HALLOWELL (2021).
331:Semantic pragmatic disorder
192:Psychopathology of language
126:speech and language therapy
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977:"Autism Spectrum Disorder"
321:List of language disorders
29:
1219:van Dulm, Ondene (2002).
890:10.1080/13682820010019874
835:10.1007/s10802-015-0097-5
788:10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.014
522:10.1002/14651858.cd004110
1583:Multisensory integration
1411:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
232:Autism spectrum disorder
55:, patholinguistics
1658:Communication disorders
1663:Neurological disorders
1578:Management of dyslexia
470:10.1542/peds.2014-3889
379:10.1542/peds.2008-2098
306:Communication disorder
278:Traumatic brain injury
262:Traumatic brain injury
1451:Speech sound disorder
1064:. PLURAL PUBLISHING.
621:Better Health Channel
1629:People with dyslexia
95:, better defined as
73:language impairments
1624:Dyslexia in fiction
1598:Reading acquisition
1471:Learning disability
1653:Language disorders
316:Expressive aphasia
171:Expressive aphasia
69:Language disorders
18:Language disorders
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1558:Dyslexia research
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1416:Language disorder
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1106:978-0-323-64261-3
1071:978-1-63550-159-9
1012:978-1-284-17968-2
341:Speech repetition
326:Receptive aphasia
160:special education
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