Lê Lợi - Knowledge (XXG)

1599:

However, his excitement soon turned into disappointment when he saw that his catch was a long, thin piece of metal which had somehow become entangled to the net. He threw it back into the water, and recast the net at a different location. When he pulled the net in, the metal piece had found its way back into the net. He picked it up and threw it far away with all its strength. The third time the fishing net came up, the same thing happened, the metal piece was once again caught in the net. Bewildered, he brought his lamp closer and carefully examined the strange object. Only then did he notice that it was the missing blade of a sword. He took the blade home and not knowing what to do with it, put it in the corner of his house. Some years later, Lê Thận joined the rebel army of Lê Lợi, where he quickly rose in ranks. Once, the general visited Lê Thận's home. Lê Thận's house lacked lighting, so everything was dark. But as though it was sensing the presence of Lê Lợi, the blade at the corner of the house suddenly emitted a bright glow. Lê Lợi held up the blade and saw two words manifesting before his very eye: Thuận Thiên (Will of Heaven). With Lê Thận's endorsement, Lê Lợi took the blade with him.

1328: 1603:

Believing that the Heaven had entrusted him with the great cause of freeing the land, Lê Lợi took up arms and rallied people under his banner. For the next few years, the magic sword brought him victory after another. His men no longer had to hide in the forest, but aggressively penetrated many enemy camps, captured them and seized their granaries. The sword helped them push back the enemy, until Vietnam was once again free from Chinese rule. Lê Lợi ascended the throne in 1428, ending his 10-year campaign, and reclaimed independence for the country. The stories claim Lê Lợi grew very tall when he used the sword and it gave him the strength of many men. Other stories say that the sword blade and the sword hilt came together from different places, the blade fished out of a lake, the hilt found by Lê Lợi himself.

1610:, advanced toward the boat and the king, then with a human voice, it asked him to return the magic sword to his master, Long Vương (Dragon King), who lived under the water. Suddenly it became clear to Lê Lợi that the sword was only lent to him to carry out his duty, but now it must be returned to its rightful owner, lest it corrupt him. Lê Lợi drew the sword out of its scabbard and lobbed it towards the turtle. With great speed, the turtle opened its mouth and snatched the sword from the air with its teeth. It descended back into the water, with the shiny sword in its mouth. Lê Lợi then acknowledged the sword had gone back to the Long Vương (Dragon King) and caused the lake to be renamed ' 458:

Lê Lợi is Lê Mỗi, who is from Bái Đô (now part of Xuân Bái commune, Thọ Xuân district). Lê Mỗi had five children, and Lê Hối is his second son who is Lê Lợi's paternal great-grandfather. Bái Đô is an area that was historically never settled by Mường people. Regarding Lê Lợi's maternal lineage, the maternal side also originated from Kinh people who migrated to develop the Thủy Chú region. Therefore, it is confirmed that Lê Lợi is of Kinh ethnicity, not Mường. The Lê/Lê Duy clan was the powerful clan in Lam Sơn for hundreds of years. The area of Lam Sơn, Thanh Hóa back then in the late 14th century was a mixed region with various ethnic groups such as Vietnamese,

1561: 1320: 1041:, near Lam Son but was then betrayed by a turncoat who showed Ming units a way to attack him by surprise from the rear. His partisan party scattered and he briefly went into hiding before regaining enough strength to ambush the Ming patrol and force it to withdraw. In 1419 Lê Lợi attacked and seized a Ming outpost near Lam Son held by a local noble who was working for the Chinese, and beheaded 300 enemies captured here. In the next year, Lê Lợi spent time marching around the western highlands to recruit more men. In late 1420 his force ambushed a Ming patrol. The Chinese marquis, 1531: 1105:. By the end of 1424, Le Loi's rebels had forced the Ming army being clustered in Vinh, which is provincial capital of Nghệ An. Le Loi recruited thousands soldiers from ethnic minority in the highland west of the Cả River delta for his army. His forces then defeated an army of ethnic minority troops who had joined the Ming cause. Then they headed east down into the coastal lowlands of Nghệ An. He sought to convince the densely ethnic-Kinh population areas in Nghe An by demonstrating discipline and refraining from exactions. 1512: 520: 1573: 2059: 1546: 1418: 995: 2045: 473:'s revolts against the Chinese rules (1408 – 1414), Lê Lợi joined the revolt as nominally in charge of the royal guard. He was arrested and imprisoned by the Chinese from 1413 to 1415 after the Trần princes were defeated, and other revolts were suppressed in 1411 and 1420. After his release, he worked as a tutor officer and translator for the Ming colonial administrator in Ngã Lạc county, 347:. He was known for his effective guerrilla tactics, including constantly moving his camps and using small bands of irregulars to ambush the larger Ming forces. Nine years later, his resistance movement successfully drove the Ming armies out of Vietnam and restored Vietnamese independence. Lê Lợi is among the most famous figures of Vietnamese history and one of its greatest heroes. 51: 1085:, and he downgraded the role of the military. He wanted to consolidate the core of what had been achieved by his father and grandfather but had no taste for costly adventures. He recalled Huang Fu from Jiaozhi and lowered the priority of holding that distant place. After only one year as emperor, Zhu Gaozhi died suddenly of a heart attack, but his son and successor, 1146: 3161: 2073: 2087: 1602:

One day, while on the run from the enemy, Lê Lợi saw a strange light emanating from the branches of a banyan tree. He climbed up and there he found a hilt of a sword, encrusted with precious gems. Remembering the blade he found earlier, he took it out and placed it into the hilt. The fit was perfect.

1453:

Lê Lợi renamed the capital, Thăng Long, to Đông Kinh, which later known as Tonkin. He embarked on a significant reorganization of the Vietnamese government, based on the old system of government which was developed during the late 14th century. He also elevated his longtime comrades and generals such

416:

study to the local people, forced the Vietnamese to wear Chinese clothes and adopt Chinese culture. The Ming government enjoyed some support from the Vietnamese, at least in the capital of Thăng Long, but their efforts to assert control in the surrounding countryside were met with stiff resistance. A

1310:

as the greatest policy disaster suffered by the early Ming empire. China would not again invade its southern neighbor for 360 years. According to a Ming report, Le Bi (黎秘), the chief eunuch of Lê Lợi and 10,000 Vietnamese were killed after Ming forces crushed and defeated their invasion in 1427 of a

1286:

kept the main forces, so he sent Le Sat, Le Nhan Chu, Le Van Linh, Dinh Liet to wait at Chi Lang, and at the same time commanded Le Van An, Le Ly to take alternative forces to support. With Mu Sheng's forces, he knew Thanh was an experienced general and will be waiting for Liu Sheng's results before

1036:

When the Lam Son uprising took place, the Ming commanding officer was Marquis Li Bin, who stern attitude toward the Annamites of Jiaozhi and disregard for their sensibilities and political aspirations only intensified their hatred for the Chinese. In early 1418, Lê Lợi and his men successful managed

1500:

When the Ming soldiers were close, he hid in the bushes. The Chinese soldiers then sent dogs to sniff him out, but spotted within the bushes was a fox with a human face. The fox ran away and the dog followed, but those Ming soldiers killed the dogs for not doing their proper jobs. The soldiers then

457:

aristocrat nobleman/land owner in the village, although there is some evidence to suggest his family was Mường in origin. There has also been hypotheses suggesting that Lê Lợi was a Mường military leader. However, recent genealogical studies of the Lê family have discovered that the primogenitor of

1465:

The Le government rebuilt the infrastructure of Vietnam: roads, bridges, canals. Land distribution were awarded to soldiers that contributed in the war against the Ming Empire. He revived the classical examination and devised good administrative laws. With the peace returned, men released from the

501:

time and again criticized Ma Ji's wanton behavior in Jiaozhi. Although Ma Ji did the bidding of His Majesty, his conduct provided the catalyst that brought the new uprising. The Chinese also said that Lê Lợi escaped to Laos and Cambodia several times. In early 1418, Lê Lợi again raised the flag of

1598:

It was split into two parts: a blade and a sword hilt. First, in Thanh Hóa province, there was a fisherman named Lê Thận, who was not related to Lê Lợi in any way. One night, his fishing net caught something heavy. Thinking of how much money he would get for this big fish, he became very excited.

1480:

Internal palace politics quickly decimated the ranks of Lê Lợi's trusted counselors, Trần Nguyên Hãn committed suicide when he was being taken to the capital for investigating his suspected betrayal, Phạm Văn Xảo was executed in 1432 and Lê Sát, who ruled as regent for five years, was executed in

1496:

Many legends and stories were told about Lê Lợi (magical sword, escaped death thanks to fox,...). In story help from fox, Lê Lợi was fighting Ming dynasty for Vietnam's independence. When he was defeated and ran, he saw a corpse of a woman on the way. Lê Lợi then dug a hole and gave her a proper

1297:

king, Lê Lợi satisfied the aim of restoring the Trần that had ostensibly led to the initial Ming intervention and that Zhu Zhanji now eagerly want to terminate further intervention. With imperial forces under siege, Ming could not be idle. Maintaining the appearance of empire required efforts to

1206:

In early December 1426, Lý Triện and Đinh Lễ's 3,000 Vietnamese rebels achieved a surprise victory over the Ming army led by Wang Tong with about 30,000 Chinese soldiers were killed or captured in Tốt Động (32 km south of Hanoi) while countless horses, supplies, weapons, and so on fell into

1056:

approached down the valley from the opposite direction. Lê Lợi was under the illusion that the Laotians were his allies. However, they sided with the Ming and joined the Chinese to laid siege on Lê Lợi. By the end of 1422, Lê Lợi was utterly defeated and sued for peace. In 1423 he was forced to

1617:

Countless poems and songs were written about Lê Lợi, both during his lifetime and in later years. Lê Lợi is looked upon as the perfect embodiment of the just, wise, and capable leader. All future Vietnamese kings were measured against the standard of Lê Lợi and most were found wanting.

1162:

requested permission to resume command of Ming Jiaozhi army to deal with the worsening situation there, the emperor refused. In 1426, Zhu Zhanji proclaimed a general amnesty and abolished all taxes in Jiaozhi except for land taxes to be paid in rice, needed to supply Ming garrisons.

1469:

From 1430 to 1432, the king and his army fought a set of campaigns in the hills to the west of the coastal area. Then, in 1433, he became sick and his health declined. On his deathbed he appointed his prince Lê Sát as the regent for his second son, who would rule after him as

1033:. The first record of firearm usage in Đại Việt was in 1390 when Vietnamese soldiers used cannons and killed the Cham king Chế Bồng Nga. Lê Lợi's Lam Son rebels employed firearms, copied in rebel-built arsenals from Ming weapons used against Hồ Quý Ly army ten years earlier. 1429:

of the Ming Empire officially recognized Lê Lợi as the king of Dai Viet in 1431. In return, Lê Lợi sent diplomatic messages to the Ming imperial court, promising his loyalty as a nominate tributary state of China and cooperation, and paid 50,000 gold taels for obtaining

1092:

In late 1424, news of the new emperor's proclamation and of Huang Fu's recall prompted Lê Lợi to set out on a new trajectory. He returned the resistance movement as the rebel leader in the Thanh Hoa highlands. Lê Lợi rebuilt his partisan army, follow his comrade,

1029:(1374—1446), the eldest son of Hồ Quý Ly, who was charged with manufacturing their superior muskets and explosive weapons. The Artillery Camp was thus built around these Vietnamese firearm specialists, who instructed Ming soldiers under the supervision of palace 1025:. Chinese armies had employed firearms before the fifteenth century, but they came to possess superior weapons from Annam during the Vietnamese campaigns of the early fifteenth century. They also captured one of the leading Vietnamese firearms experts, 1238:

that guarded the route out of the Red River Delta to the northern border. All the Ming garrisons south of Tay Do had surrendered. Lê Lợi established his headquarters at Bồ Đề, in Gia Lâm district, directly across the Red River from Dongguan.

3127:

The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition : Including the Unabridged Third Edition (1903) of Henry Yule's Annotated Translation, as Revised by Henri Cordier, Together with Cordier's Later Volume of Notes and Addenda

1207:

Vietnamese hands. Among these Ming troops were 510 soldiers armed with firearms, led by the regional military commander of the Firearms Battalion, Xie Rong, whom had been sent on May 8, 1426, by the Ming emperor to follow Wang Tong.

1194:

to reinforce Dongguan, Lê Lợi, leaving some troops to besiege Vinh, followed the Ming forces as they moved north, rallying thousands of men from Thanh Hoa as he went. Pushing into the Red River Delta he proclaimed as king a certain

485:). He then became involved in a feud with a neighboring strongman who denounced him as a rebel to the Ming. The Ming chased him back to his village. It was widely reported that when Lê Lợi's daughter was nine years old, a Chinese 1305:

of the Ming dynasty decided to withdraw his army from Northern Vietnam. After this final victory, the Vietnamese repatriated 86,640 Ming prisoners to China and confiscated all their weapons. The defeat is considered by historian

1203:, at Dongguan as Huang Fu's replacement, was prepared to surrender, but local people who were loyal to Ming persuaded him to resist. Civilians in the Red River Delta welcomed and supported the Lam Son army where they came. 1217:

By the beginning of 1427, five major Ming strongholds were under siege. These were Dongguan and Tây Đô; Cổ Long, a fortress built to guard the southern entrance to the Red River delta in Y Yen district, near Vu Ban in

1504:

After he became king, he would return to that area and set up a shrine, conferring the woman the title of Hộ Quốc Phu Nhân, or Lady Protector of the Nation. The fox spirit eventually became a local god of the area.

1199:, supposedly a Trần prince. Men and scholars from the Red River Delta began to join his army as he called for those who had favored the Ming to come to his side and arrested those who did not. The Chinese general, 1595:' (Thuận Thiên) from the Dragon King (Vietnamese: Long Vương), a demi-god to the local people, who decided to lend his sword to Lê Lợi. But there was a catch: the sword did not come straight to him in one piece. 1511: 1466:

army service, included non-Viet soldiers, were encouraged to settle in low density areas in the country, increasing rice production led population expansion during his reign, particularly in the coastal areas.

612:

family to power. A relative of the Trần king was chosen as the figurehead of the revolt but within a few years, the Trần pretender was removed and the unquestioned leader of the revolt was Lê Lợi himself.

1077:'s son and successor, issued a proclamation indicating a dramatic change of Ming policy in Jiaozhi. calling for "reform", he abolished the collection of commodities. In other initiatives, he moved to end 1120:

and Thừa Thiên, and gained control of the southern land. In the north, Lê Lợi's men captured a Ming supply fleet in northern Nghệ An, then pursued the Ming force in Thanh Hoa and besieged them at

1606:

The stories largely agree on what happened to the sword: One day, not long after the Chinese had accepted Vietnam as independent, Lê Lợi was out boating on a lake in Hanoi. The golden turtle,

1481:

1438. Nguyễn Trãi was killed in 1442 (it was claimed he was involved in or responsible for the death of Lê Thái Tông). Only Trịnh Khả survived to an old age and even he was executed in 1451.

1327: 1108:

In 1425, as the Ming court was preoccupied with the death of one emperor and the accession of another, Lê Lợi led armies both to the south and to the north. In the south, his soldiers under

1140: 426: 1009:

From the start, the Ming had tried to ensure that local opposition forces would not obtain the new weapons technology, including the Chinese musket known as the magic handgun. The

1287:

taking actions, so Lê Lợi commanded Pham Van Xao and Trinh Kha entrenched all time. In September, Liu Sheng's 90,000-strong army was defeated in Chi Lang, himself was executed.

3238: 1158:

In 1425, the Ming Emperor Zhu Zhanji expressed his opinion that it would be better to restore the Trần dynasty and return to the old tributary relationship. In the next year,

1530: 1290:

Mu Sheng heard Liu Sheng was killed and beheaded so he scared and ran away. Pham Van Xao and Trinh Kha followed, killed 10,000 soldiers, arrested 1,000 ones and horses.

1061:

in return for food, salt, rice, and farm implements. However, the Ming arrested the messenger Lê Trăn. This raised suspicion to Lê Lợi and he cancelled the peace pact.

365:

From the mid-1300s, Đại Việt faced serious troubles that damaged much of the kingdom. The fourteenth century ecological breakdown led to a social crisis as the ruling

981: 2967:

Kang, David C.; Nguyen, Dat X.; Fu, Ronan Tse-min; Shaw, Meredith (2019). "War, Rebellion, and Intervention under Hierarchy: Vietnam–China Relations, 1365 to 1841".

1017:

counted and well-guarded. The Ming occupying army of Jiaozhi consisted 87,000 regulars, scattered in 39 citadels and towns in Northern Vietnam, but clustered in the

369:

weakened. Even in the capital, Thăng Long, turmoil broke out in 1369–70, provoking a princely coup and a short, bloody civil war. From the south, the Chams under

1052:

In late 1421, a large Ming army marched to the Mã River valley to attack Lê Lợi and the Vietnamese rebels. A Laotian army with 30,000 men and 100 elephants from

1560: 417:

general popular dissatisfaction with the colonial arrangement seems clear. Between 1415 and 1424, 31 uprising and revolt leaders against the Ming emerged in

3338: 798: 1045:

responded by mobilizing Ming and local military forces to against him, but Lê Lợi defeated them, gained the control over Quan Hoa district on the upper

393:, who invaded Vietnam under the pretext of restoring the deposed Trần dynasty. In 1406 215,000 Chinese troops crossed the border commanded by generals 385:, then marched north and against sacked Thăng Long four more times from 1378 to 1383. The repeated destruction of a radical intellectual and reformer, 3469: 1293:

Le Loi understood that Ming Jiaozhi was at its end. The Ming were unlikely to make any serious effort to reassert their control in Jiaozhi. By making

3231: 3145:

Yu, Insun (2006), "Lê Văn Hưu and Ngô Sĩ Liên: A Comparison of Their Perception of Vietnamese History", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.),

2787:

Chan, Hok-lam (2008), "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsiian-te reigns, 1399 - 1435", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),

1339:

as an independent state (Annam). On April 15, 1428, Lê Lợi took the throne and claimed himself King of the restored Dai Viet kingdom. He chose his

3182: 1210:

By 1427, captured northern and Muslim prisoners also furnished the Vietnamese with siege techniques, primitive tanks, flying horse carts, Muslim

1131:

By the end of 1425, Lê Lợi's Vietnamese rebels liberated all land from Thanh Hoa to the south, and besieged all the Ming forces in the region.

389:(c. 1336 – 1408). In 1399 Hồ Quý Ly deposed the Trần royal family and declared himself as ruler of Đại Việt. This provoked a response from the 3135: 3107: 3088: 3060: 3041: 3018: 2957: 2938: 2900: 2881: 2859: 2841: 2823: 332: 1002: 360: 3464: 3224: 3177: 3454: 2919: 2805: 2767: 2387: 344: 2737:

Page 7 2008 "... expression of the traditional attitude against foreign invasion derived from such heroes as Trưng Sisters Queens,

3459: 1591:, Lê Lợi was said to have a magic sword of wondrous power. One story tells that he obtained the sword, inscribed with the words ' 1301:

After a six-month siege on the Ming-held citadel of Xương Giang, the citadel fell to Lê Lợi in October 1427, ended the war. The

1057:

return to Lam Son. The Ming army offered a peace treaty, in which Lê Lợi paid an indemnity with unspecified amounts of gold and

3444: 967: 1545: 2814:

Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.),

3172: 3165: 1101:, where they ambushed a Ming force in Quỳ Châu district. The Lam Son partisans advanced to Con Cuong district on the upper 3449: 1637: 1349:

Lê Lợi's proclamation of independence reflected the Sino-Vietnamese tensions as well as Vietnamese pride and patriotism:

3474: 2100: 1319: 974: 2796:

Wang, Gungwu (1998), "Ming foreign relations: Southeast Asia", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),

1026: 667: 212:

Thống Thiên Khải Vận Thánh Đức Thần Công Duệ Văn Anh Vũ Khoan Minh Dũng Trí Hoàng Nghĩa Chí Minh Đại Hiếu Cao Hoàng đế

41: 3479: 3439: 3033: 3010: 1621:

Every town in Vietnam has one of the major streets named after Lê Lợi, but in Hanoi the name is Lê Thái Tổ Street.

2832:

Anderson, James A. (2020), "The Ming invasion of Vietnam, 1407-1427", in Kang, David C.; Haggard, Stephan (eds.),

3299: 758: 378: 482: 3408: 1572: 1335:

In 1427, after 10 years of war, Đại Việt regained its independence and the Ming Empire officially acknowledged

1294: 1196: 442: 147: 1283: 1271: 1248: 950: 3393: 3388: 3368: 920: 910: 870: 2873: 1279: 3403: 3358: 3284: 1275: 1042: 940: 859: 838: 728: 470: 3309: 3279: 1214:(hui hui pao 回回砲), and another artillery piece that the Chinese called a "thousand-ball thunder cannon". 1200: 768: 718: 280:

in English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the

3429: 3348: 1082: 818: 370: 3363: 3353: 3269: 3264: 3208: 1471: 1098: 849: 828: 698: 688: 597: 446: 174: 104: 56: 3383: 3007:

Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830

1649: 1128:, a Confucian scholar who was a comrade of Lê Lợi, helped him mapped the army's strategy and tactics. 900: 678: 356: 3434: 1336: 1109: 478: 328: 76: 3304: 3289: 2280: 1094: 738: 1340: 624: 550: 528: 340: 299: 3333: 3328: 1455: 1175: 1125: 788: 778: 2984: 2742: 1663:

Japanese anime "Fate/Grand Order x Himuro's Universe: Seven Most Powerful Great Figures Chapter".

1592: 1459: 1167: 1117: 3398: 1434:. The Ming imperial court accepted this arrangement, much as they accepted the vassal status of 1362: 1186:

through the mountains north of Tây Đô to emerge at the head of the Red River plain, threatening

930: 494: 1113: 519: 450: 3373: 3343: 3274: 3131: 3103: 3084: 3056: 3037: 3014: 2953: 2934: 2915: 2896: 2877: 2855: 2837: 2819: 2801: 2763: 2383: 1231: 1171: 880: 808: 708: 454: 401:; they quickly defeated Hồ Quý Ly's army, conquered Vietnam, and renamed the country Jiaozhi. 320: 170: 165: 3315: 3294: 2738: 1374: 1183: 748: 609: 605: 469:

During Lê Lợi's early adult time, the Ming invasion and occupation suddenly happened. During

386: 366: 3322: 2976: 2092: 1490: 1227: 1179: 998: 994: 409: 3378: 1219: 890: 601: 474: 430: 2064: 1018: 413: 382: 265: 205: 3193: 1366: 1323:

The Vinh Lang stele from Lê Lợi's mausoleum, erected in the 6th year of Thuận Thiên(1433)

1121: 596:(New Year) February 1418. He was supported by several prominent families from his native 418: 2058: 304: 2078: 2050: 1644:

The Japanese video game "Hero * Senki WW" features a playable female version of Lê Lợi.

1611: 1517: 1447: 1439: 1426: 1302: 1151: 1010: 2119:"Emperor" was not used domestically by the Lê dynasty until the reign of Lê Thánh Tông 1235: 3423: 3248: 2988: 2139: 1370: 1038: 664: 324: 240: 67: 2850:

Li, Tana (2011), "A Geopolitical Overview", in Li, Tana; Anderson, James A. (eds.),

1497:

burial, saying that if she protected him from getting captured, he would repay her.

1102: 638: 564: 3216: 1536: 1417: 1393: 1389: 1385: 589: 463: 459: 390: 336: 1552: 1190:

and cutting it off from the road to Yunnan. When Ming soldiers were recalled from

1145: 422: 121: 1524:

is where Lê Lợi returned the sword to the Golden Turtle, according to the legend.

2834:

East Asia in the World: Twelve Events That Shaped the Modern International Order

2746: 1584: 1431: 1421:

Photograph of the abandoned Royal Palace in Hanoi before being destroyed in 1884

1381: 1307: 1223: 1046: 1022: 308: 219: 2950:

Naga Cities of the Mekong: A Guide to the Temples, Legends, and History of Laos

2040: 1211: 1086: 1070: 489:, Ma Ji (fl. 1410–1427) had taken her away from her parents and sent her into 281: 2980: 2658:

Quoted in Ralph Smith, Viet-Nam and the West (London: Heinemann, 1968), p.9.

1588: 50: 3160: 1264: 1252: 1159: 1078: 1053: 1014: 498: 398: 394: 593: 449:

in a noble family, and he was the youngest among three sons. His father

3183:

Ho Quoc Phu Nhan (It is for reference only, need more reference source)

2975:(4). Los Angeles, CA, USA: University of Southern California: 896–922. 1607: 1260: 441:

Lê Lợi was born on the sixth day of August, 1385 in Lam Giang village,

269: 235: 651: 648: 645: 574: 571: 17: 1443: 1256: 1074: 1058: 1030: 608:

families. Initially, Lê Lợi campaigned on the basis of restoring the

490: 486: 405: 2382:. The Encycloaedia Britannica. Micropedia, Volume VI, 15th Edition. 433:

and other prefecture capitals where the Ming troops were stationed.

1521: 1435: 1416: 1326: 1318: 1187: 1144: 993: 518: 374: 134: 2854:, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 1–25, 2735:

Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National ...

1247:

In late March 1427, around 120,000 Chinese reinforcements led by

1222:

Province, on the road between Dongguan and Tây Đô; a fortress at

3081:

Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia

1191: 72: 3220: 2705: 2703: 2259: 2257: 502:

resistance at his home village of Lam Sơn, declaring himself

307:: 黎利; 10 September 1385 – 5 October 1433), also known by his 1583:

The most famous story concerns his magical sword. Much like

1230:, that guarded the eastern part of the Red River delta; and 412:, encouraging the Ming Confucian ideology, bureaucratic and 377:

in 1371. In 1377 Champa defeated and killed Đại Việt's king

2800:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 301–332, 2836:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 87–107, 2818:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–120, 2798:

The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty

2789:

The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty

2791:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 182–284 2618: 2616: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2316: 2314: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 1298:

reinforce or to rescue the besieged remnants of Jiaozhi.

2555: 2553: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2163: 2161: 1021:

areas. They also employed a significant number of local

3149:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 45–71 523:

Coins issued by the Lam Sơn 's National Liberation army

2409: 2407: 2363: 2361: 2348: 2346: 2870:

Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present

2678: 2676: 1353:

Our Great Viet is a country where prosperity abounds.

327:

and became the first king of the restored kingdom of

1166:

In 1426 Lê Lợi sent his armies led by his generals,

373:

repeatedly fought against Đại Việt, and even sacked

2998:

A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-1830

2996:Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y. (2015). 1357:

Mountains, rivers, frontiers have all been divided;

637: 623: 563: 549: 544: 535: 254: 246: 234: 218: 204: 194: 184: 164: 154: 141: 128: 114: 110: 100: 90: 82: 64: 32: 2931:The Kingdoms of Laos: Six Hundred Years of History 1402:We have been sometimes strong, and sometimes weak, 1270:At first, Lê Lợi commanded the residents be moved 86:29 April 1428 – 5 October 1433 (5 years, 159 days) 1641:contains a six-chapter campaign depicting Lê Lợi. 1614:' (Hoan Kiem Lake) located in present-day Hanoi. 1442:. Lê Lợi briefly established good relations with 1149:Illustration of primitive tank from Chinese book 3178:The Legend of Le Loi from JourneyFromTheFall.com 3053:A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads 2667: 1263:, included 10,000 crack troops who had followed 643: 629: 569: 555: 55:Lê Lợi statue in front of the Municipal Hall of 1425:Lê Lợi formally re-established Đại Việt as the 1351: 1089:(r. 1425–1435), continued his father policies. 1037:and ambushed a Ming patrol column on the upper 1359:For the customs are distinct: North and South. 3232: 1458:, Tran Nguyen Han, Lê Sát, Pham Van Sao, and 1404:But never yet have we been lacking in heroes. 1069:Within a month of taking the throne, Emperor 975: 8: 3173:Short biography of Le Loi from Vietmedia.com 2893:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle 2709: 2263: 1653:is named after the mythical sword of Lê Lợi. 1539:of Lê Lợi on the Lake of the Returned Sword 3239: 3225: 3217: 3187: 3125:Cordier, Henri; Yule, Henry, eds. (1993). 2449: 1681: 1672: 1097:to march south through the mountains into 982: 968: 660: 49: 29: 2520: 1647:The name of Vietnamese MMORPG video game 404:The Ming Chinese began building up their 2646: 2425: 2398: 2236: 2203: 2191: 27:Founding Emperor of the Later Lê dynasty 2721: 2694: 2622: 2508: 2337: 2215: 2167: 2152: 2131: 2112: 1638:Age of Empires II HD: Rise of the Rajas 1507: 663: 319:(平定王; "Prince of Pacification"), was a 2559: 2491: 2470: 2320: 1896: 1892: 1882: 1788: 1690: 1686: 1408:Of that let our history be the proof." 615: 532: 181: 3100:Education As a Political Tool in Asia 2437: 2274: 2272: 1989: 1986: 1976: 1964: 1954: 1950: 1938: 1936: 1926: 1914: 1904: 1900: 1879: 1869: 1857: 1847: 1843: 1831: 1828: 1818: 1806: 1796: 1792: 1776: 1773: 1763: 1750: 1740: 1736: 1724: 1721: 1711: 1698: 1694: 1001:(northern Vietnam) when it was under 298: 7: 2682: 2634: 2607: 2413: 2367: 2352: 2248: 2179: 588:Lê Lợi began his revolt against the 361:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam 339:. In 1418, Lê Lợi and his followers 315:(黎太祖) and by his pre-imperial title 2583: 2571: 2544: 2532: 2140:"Lê, Lợi King of Vietnam 1385-1433" 493:'s harem. Yongle's grand secretary 2895:. University of Washington Press. 2595: 1501:left, and Lê Lợi escaped capture. 1355:Where civilization reigns supreme. 1346:(順天), literally "To obey Heaven." 1282:to segregate Ming troops. He knew 1234:, a citadel at the modern city of 25: 2852:The Tongking Gulf Through History 3470:15th-century Vietnamese monarchs 3159: 2281:"Lê Lợi có phải là người Mường?" 2085: 2071: 2057: 2043: 1571: 1559: 1544: 1529: 1510: 1116:and then marched through modern 200:Thuận Thiên (順天): 1428–1433 2929:Simms, Peter and Sanda (1999). 2912:The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty 1474:. He was posthumously named as 1112:defeated a Ming army in modern 506:(平定王, Prince of Pacification). 3147:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories 3083:. Cambridge University Press. 2969:Journal of Conflict Resolution 2910:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996). 2891:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2011). 2816:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories 2762:. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002. 2279:Phạm, Tấn (16 February 2008). 1612:The Lake of the Returned Sword 1518:The Lake of the Returned Sword 1141:Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động 644: 570: 1: 3000:. Cambridge University Press. 1551:Temple of Lê Lợi in Lam Sơn, 323:rebel leader who founded the 276:, but is often simplified to 3072:Annam and its minor currency 2101:List of Vietnamese dynasties 3079:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). 3030:A History of the Vietnamese 2948:Stuart-Fox, Martin (2006). 1331:Coins issued by king Lê Lợi 1255:advanced into Jiaozhi from 214:(統天啟運聖德神功睿文英武寬明勇智弘義至明大孝高皇帝) 3496: 3465:Vietnamese revolutionaries 3034:Cambridge University Press 3011:Cambridge University Press 3005:Lieberman, Victor (2003). 1894: 1782: 1688: 1488: 1138: 526: 515:Lam Sơn revolt (1418–1423) 354: 263: 3255: 3205: 3198: 3190: 3028:Taylor, Keith W. (2013). 1970: 1952: 1944: 1920: 1902: 1898: 1863: 1845: 1837: 1812: 1794: 1790: 1757: 1738: 1730: 1705: 1692: 1311:Chinese town in Guangxi. 630: 618: 600:, most famously were the 582: 540: 225: 211: 199: 189: 180: 48: 39: 3455:Vietnamese Confucianists 3098:Vickers, Edward (2010). 2981:10.1177/0022002718772345 2710:Andaya & Andaya 2015 2264:Andaya & Andaya 2015 510:Revolt against Ming rule 132:5 October 1433 (aged 48) 59:, the place of his birth 3460:Vietnamese nationalists 3130:. Courier Corporation. 2874:Oxford University Press 1676:Ancestry of King Lê Lợi 1566:Main entrance to a tomb 1462:to high official rank. 195:Era name and dates 3051:Reid, Anthony (2015). 1422: 1410: 1332: 1324: 1155: 1006: 556: 524: 331:after the country was 42:Great King of Đại Việt 3168:at Wikimedia Commons 3074:. Noronha & Sons. 2868:Kiernan, Ben (2019). 1774:Lê Khoáng (1350–1402) 1751:Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Duyên 1420: 1330: 1322: 1148: 997: 522: 355:Further information: 258:Trịnh Thị Ngọc Thương 3450:Vietnamese Buddhists 3200:Emperor of Đại Việt 1267:on his expeditions. 3475:Vietnamese monarchs 3445:Lê dynasty emperors 2760:Vietnam Country Map 1400:Over the Centuries, 625:Vietnamese alphabet 466:and Tai villagers. 95:Dynasty established 1880:Lê Lợi (1385–1433) 1625:In popular culture 1593:The Will of Heaven 1423: 1397:Ruled over Theirs. 1333: 1325: 1315:Restoring Đại Việt 1156: 1065:Capture of Nghệ An 1007: 525: 447:Thanh Hóa province 408:administration in 300:[lelə̂ːjˀ] 160:Phạm Thị Ngọc Trần 57:Thanh Hóa Province 3480:Founding monarchs 3440:Vietnamese rebels 3417: 3416: 3215: 3214: 3206:Succeeded by 3164:Media related to 3137:978-0-486-27587-1 3109:978-0-415-59536-0 3090:978-1-316-53131-0 3070:Toda, Ed (1882). 3062:978-1-118-51295-1 3043:978-1-107-24435-1 3020:978-1-139-43762-2 2959:978-981-05-5923-6 2952:. Media Masters. 2940:978-0-7007-1531-2 2902:978-0-295-80022-6 2883:978-0-190-05379-6 2861:978-0-812-20502-2 2843:978-1-108-47987-5 2825:978-1-316-44504-4 2033: 2032: 2029: 2028: 1987:Trịnh Ngọc Thương 1485:Myths and legends 1378:Built our Nation, 992: 991: 959: 958: 659: 658: 592:on the day after 586: 585: 483:Lạng Sơn Province 479:Bình Gia District 381:in a battle near 262: 261: 230: 229: 158:Trịnh Thị Ngọc Lữ 118:10 September 1385 16:(Redirected from 3487: 3249:Later Lê dynasty 3247:Emperors of the 3241: 3234: 3227: 3218: 3191:Preceded by 3188: 3163: 3150: 3141: 3113: 3094: 3075: 3066: 3047: 3024: 3001: 2992: 2963: 2944: 2933:. Curzon Press. 2925: 2906: 2887: 2864: 2846: 2828: 2810: 2792: 2774: 2773: 2756: 2750: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2671: 2668:Kang et al. 2019 2665: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2574:, p. 88-89. 2569: 2563: 2557: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2495: 2489: 2474: 2468: 2453: 2452:, p. 20-21. 2447: 2441: 2440:, p. 47-48. 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2356: 2350: 2341: 2335: 2324: 2318: 2289: 2288: 2287:(in Vietnamese). 2276: 2267: 2261: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2136: 2120: 2117: 2095: 2093:Biography portal 2090: 2089: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2046: 1682: 1673: 1650:Thuận Thiên kiếm 1575: 1563: 1548: 1533: 1514: 1450:(r. 1400–1441). 1073:(r. 1424–1425), 1013:had ordered all 999:Jiaozhi Province 984: 977: 970: 675: 674: 661: 655: 654: 633: 632: 616: 578: 577: 559: 533: 529:Lam Sơn uprising 471:two Trần princes 453:, was a wealthy 410:Jiaozhi Province 325:Later Lê dynasty 302: 297: 182: 53: 30: 21: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3251: 3245: 3211: 3202: 3196: 3157: 3144: 3138: 3124: 3121: 3119:Further reading 3116: 3110: 3097: 3091: 3078: 3069: 3063: 3050: 3044: 3027: 3021: 3004: 2995: 2966: 2960: 2947: 2941: 2928: 2922: 2909: 2903: 2890: 2884: 2867: 2862: 2849: 2844: 2831: 2826: 2813: 2808: 2795: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2770: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2732: 2728: 2720: 2716: 2708: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2681: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2507: 2498: 2490: 2477: 2469: 2456: 2450:Stuart-Fox 2006 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2397: 2393: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2359: 2351: 2344: 2336: 2327: 2319: 2292: 2278: 2277: 2270: 2262: 2255: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2065:Monarchy portal 2063: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2034: 1699:Lê Hối (?–1320) 1670: 1635:The video game 1627: 1579: 1576: 1567: 1564: 1555: 1549: 1540: 1534: 1525: 1515: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1415: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1379: 1377: 1361: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1317: 1245: 1243:Final victories 1143: 1137: 1110:Trần Nguyên Hãn 1067: 1027:Hồ Nguyên Trừng 1019:Red River Delta 1003:Ming occupation 988: 545:Vietnamese name 531: 517: 512: 504:Bình Định vương 439: 414:Classic Chinese 363: 353: 317:Bình Định vương 295: 289: 266:Vietnamese name 213: 206:Posthumous name 173: 159: 150: 133: 119: 71: 60: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3493: 3491: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3422: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3409:Lê Chiêu Thống 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3221: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3197: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3156: 3155:External links 3153: 3152: 3151: 3142: 3136: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3108: 3095: 3089: 3076: 3067: 3061: 3048: 3042: 3025: 3019: 3002: 2993: 2964: 2958: 2945: 2939: 2926: 2920: 2914:. SUNY Press. 2907: 2901: 2888: 2882: 2865: 2860: 2847: 2842: 2829: 2824: 2811: 2806: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2768: 2751: 2733:Van Dao Hoang 2726: 2724:, p. 147. 2714: 2712:, p. 124. 2699: 2697:, p. 202. 2687: 2672: 2670:, p. 915. 2660: 2651: 2639: 2627: 2625:, p. 197. 2612: 2610:, p. 322. 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2562:, p. 185. 2549: 2537: 2525: 2523:, p. 337. 2521:Lieberman 2003 2513: 2511:, p. 196. 2496: 2494:, p. 184. 2475: 2473:, p. 183. 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2416:, p. 248. 2403: 2401:, p. 102. 2391: 2372: 2370:, p. 185. 2357: 2355:, p. 184. 2342: 2340:, p. 195. 2325: 2323:, p. 182. 2290: 2285:Báo Tiền Phong 2268: 2266:, p. 123. 2253: 2251:, p. 183. 2241: 2239:, p. 103. 2220: 2218:, p. 194. 2208: 2206:, p. 101. 2196: 2184: 2182:, p. 177. 2172: 2170:, p. 183. 2157: 2155:, p. 182. 2145: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2082: 2079:History portal 2068: 2054: 2051:Vietnam portal 2038: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1655: 1654: 1645: 1642: 1630:In video games 1626: 1623: 1587:and his sword 1581: 1580: 1578:Tomb of Lê Lợi 1577: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1558: 1556: 1550: 1543: 1541: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1516: 1509: 1489:Main article: 1486: 1483: 1448:Indravarman VI 1440:Joseon dynasty 1427:Xuande Emperor 1414: 1411: 1316: 1313: 1303:Xuande Emperor 1244: 1241: 1182:, Đinh Lễ and 1152:Wujing Zongyao 1139:Main article: 1136: 1133: 1066: 1063: 1011:Yongle Emperor 990: 989: 987: 986: 979: 972: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 953: 947: 946: 943: 937: 936: 933: 927: 926: 923: 917: 916: 913: 907: 906: 903: 897: 896: 893: 887: 886: 883: 877: 876: 873: 867: 866: 863: 856: 855: 852: 846: 845: 842: 835: 834: 831: 825: 824: 821: 815: 814: 811: 805: 804: 801: 795: 794: 791: 785: 784: 781: 775: 774: 771: 765: 764: 761: 755: 754: 751: 745: 744: 741: 735: 734: 731: 725: 724: 721: 715: 714: 711: 705: 704: 701: 695: 694: 691: 685: 684: 681: 671: 670: 657: 656: 641: 635: 634: 627: 621: 620: 584: 583: 580: 579: 567: 561: 560: 553: 547: 546: 542: 541: 538: 537: 527:Main article: 516: 513: 511: 508: 438: 435: 352: 349: 260: 259: 256: 252: 251: 248: 244: 243: 238: 232: 231: 228: 227: 223: 222: 216: 215: 209: 208: 202: 201: 197: 196: 192: 191: 187: 186: 178: 177: 168: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 145: 143: 139: 138: 130: 126: 125: 116: 112: 111: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 62: 61: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3492: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3394:Lê Thuần Tông 3392: 3390: 3389:Lê Duy Phường 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3369:Lê Huyền Tông 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3339:Lê Trung Tông 3337: 3335: 3334:Lê Trang Tông 3332: 3330: 3329:Lê Cung Hoàng 3327: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3310:Lê Chiêu Tông 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3280:Lê Thánh Tông 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3154: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3105: 3102:. Routledge. 3101: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2921:0-791-42687-4 2917: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2809: 2807:0-521-24333-5 2803: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2771: 2769:0-7946-0070-0 2765: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2685:, p. 92. 2684: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2649:, p. 83. 2648: 2647:Baldanza 2016 2643: 2640: 2637:, p. 15. 2636: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2601: 2598:, p. 15. 2597: 2592: 2589: 2586:, p. 88. 2585: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2547:, p. 87. 2546: 2541: 2538: 2535:, p. 85. 2534: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2428:, p. 65. 2427: 2426:Baldanza 2016 2422: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399:Anderson 2020 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388:0-85229-339-9 2385: 2381: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2237:Anderson 2020 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2204:Anderson 2020 2200: 2197: 2194:, p. 98. 2193: 2192:Anderson 2020 2188: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2126: 2116: 2113: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2083: 2080: 2069: 2066: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2041: 2036: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1941: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1834: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1696: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1574: 1569: 1562: 1557: 1554: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1491:Heaven's Will 1484: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1419: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1329: 1321: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1296: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1161: 1154: 1153: 1147: 1142: 1135:Pushing north 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1004: 1000: 996: 985: 980: 978: 973: 971: 966: 965: 963: 962: 954: 952: 949: 948: 944: 942: 939: 938: 934: 932: 929: 928: 924: 922: 921:Lê Thuần Tông 919: 918: 914: 912: 911:Lê Duy Phường 909: 908: 904: 902: 899: 898: 894: 892: 889: 888: 884: 882: 879: 878: 874: 872: 871:Lê Huyền Tông 869: 868: 864: 862:(second time) 861: 858: 857: 853: 851: 848: 847: 843: 840: 837: 836: 832: 830: 827: 826: 822: 820: 817: 816: 812: 810: 807: 806: 802: 800: 799:Lê Trung Tông 797: 796: 792: 790: 789:Lê Trang Tông 787: 786: 782: 780: 779:Lê Cung Hoàng 777: 776: 772: 770: 769:Lê Chiêu Tông 767: 766: 762: 760: 757: 756: 752: 750: 747: 746: 742: 740: 737: 736: 732: 730: 727: 726: 722: 720: 719:Lê Thánh Tông 717: 716: 712: 710: 707: 706: 702: 700: 697: 696: 692: 690: 687: 686: 682: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 669: 666: 662: 653: 650: 647: 642: 640: 636: 628: 626: 622: 617: 614: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 581: 576: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 552: 548: 543: 539: 534: 530: 521: 514: 509: 507: 505: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 436: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:Trần Duệ Tông 376: 372: 368: 362: 358: 350: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 301: 293: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 257: 253: 249: 245: 242: 239: 237: 233: 224: 221: 217: 210: 207: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 179: 176: 172: 169: 167: 163: 157: 153: 149: 144: 140: 136: 131: 127: 123: 117: 113: 109: 106: 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 78: 74: 70: 69: 63: 58: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 31: 19: 3430:1380s births 3404:Lê Hiển Tông 3364:Lê Chân Tông 3359:Lê Thần Tông 3354:Lê Kính Tông 3321: 3314: 3305:Lê Quang Trị 3300:Lê Tương Dực 3285:Lê Hiến Tông 3270:Lê Nhân Tông 3265:Lê Thái Tông 3259: 3209:Lê Thái Tông 3199: 3158: 3146: 3126: 3099: 3080: 3071: 3052: 3029: 3006: 2997: 2972: 2968: 2949: 2930: 2911: 2892: 2869: 2851: 2833: 2815: 2797: 2788: 2780:Bibliography 2759: 2754: 2734: 2729: 2722:Vickers 2010 2717: 2695:Kiernan 2019 2690: 2663: 2654: 2642: 2630: 2623:Kiernan 2019 2603: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2540: 2528: 2516: 2509:Kiernan 2019 2445: 2433: 2421: 2394: 2379: 2375: 2338:Kiernan 2019 2284: 2244: 2216:Kiernan 2019 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2168:Kiernan 2019 2153:Kiernan 2019 2148: 2134: 2115: 1829:Nguyễn Quách 1657: 1656: 1648: 1636: 1629: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1582: 1537:Water puppet 1503: 1499: 1494: 1479: 1475: 1472:Lê Thái Tông 1468: 1464: 1452: 1424: 1407: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1334: 1300: 1292: 1289: 1269: 1246: 1216: 1209: 1205: 1176:Lưu Nhân Chú 1165: 1157: 1150: 1130: 1107: 1095:Nguyễn Chích 1091: 1068: 1051: 1035: 1008: 941:Lê Hiển Tông 860:Lê Thần Tông 850:Lê Chân Tông 841:(first time) 839:Lê Thần Tông 829:Lê Kính Tông 759:Lê Tương Dực 729:Lê Hiến Tông 699:Lê Nhân Tông 689:Lê Thái Tông 590:Ming Chinese 587: 503: 477:(modern-day 468: 440: 403: 391:Ming dynasty 371:Chế Bồng Nga 367:Trần dynasty 364: 337:Ming dynasty 316: 312: 291: 290: 285: 277: 273: 226:Thái Tổ (太祖) 175:Lê Thái Tông 105:Lê Thái Tông 94: 65: 40: 3435:1433 deaths 3374:Lê Gia Tông 3349:Lê Thế Tông 3344:Lê Anh Tông 3290:Lê Túc Tông 3275:Lê Nghi Dân 2747:Quang Trung 2560:Taylor 2013 2492:Taylor 2013 2471:Taylor 2013 2321:Taylor 2013 2142:. worldcat. 1585:King Arthur 1456:Nguyễn Trãi 1432:investiture 1344:Thuận-Thiên 1308:Ben Kiernan 1280:Tuyên Quang 1278:, Quy Hoa, 1232:Xương Giang 1126:Nguyễn Trãi 1023:auxiliaries 1005:(1407–1427) 881:Lê Gia Tông 819:Lê Thế Tông 809:Lê Anh Tông 739:Lê Túc Tông 709:Lê Nghi Dân 619:Temple name 497:noted that 357:Ming–Hồ War 309:temple name 296:Vietnamese: 220:Temple name 190:Lê Lợi (黎利) 146:Vĩnh Tomb, 91:Predecessor 3424:Categories 3384:Lê Dụ Tông 3379:Lê Hy Tông 3323:Thiên Hiến 3260:Lê Thái Tổ 3203:1428–1433 3194:Hồ dynasty 3166:Lê Thái Tổ 2741:, Lê Lợi, 2438:Simms 1999 1438:under the 1341:reign name 1272:Lạng Giang 1212:trebuchets 1114:Quảng Bình 1087:Zhu Zhanji 1071:Zhu Gaozhi 901:Lê Dụ Tông 891:Lê Hy Tông 679:Lê Thái Tổ 665:Lê dynasty 631:Lê Thái Tổ 551:Vietnamese 495:Yang Shiqi 455:Vietnamese 437:Early life 419:Lạng Giang 375:Thăng Long 351:Background 321:Vietnamese 313:Lê Thái Tổ 282:given name 241:Lê dynasty 137:, Đại Việt 120:Lam Sơn , 68:Lê dynasty 33:Lê Thái Tổ 3399:Lê Ý Tông 3295:Lê Uy Mục 3055:. Wiley. 2989:158733115 2739:Ngô Quyền 2683:Toda 1882 2635:Tsai 1996 2608:Wang 1998 2414:Chan 2008 2368:Tsai 2011 2353:Tsai 2011 2249:Tsai 2011 2180:Reid 2015 1589:Excalibur 1553:Thanh Hóa 1460:Trịnh Khả 1446:'s king, 1284:Liu Sheng 1276:Bắc Giang 1249:Liu Sheng 1236:Bắc Giang 1201:Wang Tong 1184:Nguyễn Xí 1174:, Đỗ Bí, 1168:Trịnh Khả 1118:Quảng Trị 1039:Chu River 955:1786–1789 951:Lê Mẫn Đế 945:1740–1786 935:1735–1740 931:Lê Ý Tông 925:1732–1735 915:1729–1732 905:1705–1729 895:1676–1705 885:1674–1675 875:1663–1671 865:1649–1662 854:1643–1649 844:1619–1643 833:1600–1619 823:1573–1599 813:1556–1573 803:1548–1556 793:1533–1548 783:1522–1527 773:1516–1522 763:1509–1516 753:1505–1509 749:Lê Uy Mục 733:1498–1504 723:1460–1497 713:1459–1460 703:1443–1459 693:1434–1442 683:1428–1433 598:Thanh Hóa 451:Lê Khoáng 427:Ninh Kiều 425:, Hanoi, 387:Hồ Quý Ly 345:Ming rule 333:conquered 250:Lê Khoáng 135:Đông Kinh 122:Thanh Hóa 101:Successor 2743:Hưng Đạo 2584:Sun 2006 2572:Sun 2006 2545:Sun 2006 2533:Sun 2006 2037:See also 1668:Ancestry 1658:In anime 1476:Thái Tổ. 1337:Đại Việt 1295:Trần Cảo 1265:Zheng He 1253:Mu Sheng 1224:Chí Linh 1220:Nam Định 1197:Trần Cảo 1188:Dongguan 1172:Lý Triện 1160:Zhang Fu 1103:Cả River 1079:Zheng He 1054:Lan Xang 1047:Mã River 1015:firearms 668:monarchs 604:and the 499:Zhang Fu 475:Lạng Sơn 431:Lạng Sơn 406:colonial 399:Mu Sheng 395:Zhang Fu 343:against 329:Đại Việt 264:In this 171:Lê Tư Tề 124:province 77:Đại Việt 66:King of 3316:Đại Đức 2596:Li 2011 2127:Sources 1722:Lê Đinh 1608:Kim Quy 1380:Whilst 1261:Guangxi 1228:Phả Lại 1226:, near 1099:Nghệ An 1083:voyages 1031:eunuchs 639:Hán-Nôm 565:Hán-Nôm 443:Lam Sơn 423:Nghệ An 341:rose up 335:by the 305:chữ Hán 270:surname 236:Dynasty 155:Spouses 148:Lam Sơn 3134: 3128:(1920) 3106: 3087: 3059: 3040: 3017: 2987: 2956: 2937: 2918: 2899: 2880: 2858: 2840: 2822: 2804: 2766: 2745:, and 2386: 2380:Le Loi 1444:Champa 1257:Yunnan 1180:Bùi Bị 1122:Tây Đô 1075:Zhu Di 1059:silver 1043:Li Bin 606:Nguyễn 557:Lê Lợi 536:Lê Lợi 491:Yongle 487:eunuch 383:Vijaya 292:Lê Lợi 268:, the 255:Mother 247:Father 142:Burial 18:Le Loi 2985:S2CID 2107:Notes 1522:Hanoi 1436:Korea 1413:Reign 1363:Triệu 602:Trịnh 464:Hmong 460:Mường 185:Names 166:Issue 83:Reign 3132:ISBN 3104:ISBN 3085:ISBN 3057:ISBN 3038:ISBN 3015:ISBN 2954:ISBN 2935:ISBN 2916:ISBN 2897:ISBN 2878:ISBN 2856:ISBN 2838:ISBN 2820:ISBN 2802:ISBN 2764:ISBN 2384:ISBN 1394:Yuan 1392:and 1390:Song 1386:Tang 1375:Trần 1373:and 1367:Đinh 1259:and 1251:and 1192:Vinh 743:1504 610:Trần 397:and 359:and 129:Died 115:Born 73:King 2977:doi 1520:in 1454:as 1382:Han 1081:'s 594:Tết 311:as 286:Lợi 272:is 75:of 35:黎太祖 3426:: 3036:. 3032:. 3013:. 3009:. 2983:. 2973:63 2971:. 2876:. 2872:. 2749:." 2702:^ 2675:^ 2615:^ 2552:^ 2499:^ 2478:^ 2457:^ 2406:^ 2360:^ 2345:^ 2328:^ 2293:^ 2283:. 2271:^ 2256:^ 2223:^ 2160:^ 1388:, 1384:, 1371:Lý 1369:, 1365:, 1274:, 1178:, 1170:, 1124:. 1049:. 481:, 462:, 445:, 429:, 421:, 303:, 284:, 278:Le 274:Lê 3240:e 3233:t 3226:v 3140:. 3112:. 3093:. 3065:. 3046:. 3023:. 2991:. 2979:: 2962:. 2943:. 2924:. 2905:. 2886:. 2772:. 983:e 976:t 969:v 652:祖 649:太 646:黎 575:利 572:黎 294:( 288:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index