589:
310:
325:
38:
612:
to former patients. In 2002, a formal inquiry into these colonies was set up, and in March 2005, the policy was strongly denounced. "Japan's policy of absolute quarantine... did not have any scientific grounds." The inquiry denounced not only the government and the doctors who were involved with the
575:
Debate exists over the conditions found within historical colonies; while they are currently thought to have been grim and neglected places, there are some indications that life within a leper colony or house was no worse than the life of other, non-isolated individuals. There is even doubt that the
556:
and subsequently operated other leprosaria around Europe. Some colonies were located on mountains or in remote locations to ensure isolation, some on main roads, where donations would be made for their upkeep. Others were essentially hospitals within major cities. In 1623 the
580:, in the belief that allowing people affected by leprosy to handle regular money could spread the disease. Today leper hospitals exist throughout the world to treat those afflicted with leprosy, especially in Africa, Brazil, China and India.
576:
current definition of leprosy can be retrospectively applied to the medieval condition. What was classified as leprosy then covers a wide range of skin conditions that would be classified as distinct afflictions today. Some leper colonies
572:, was given possession of the Priory of St. Lazarus, a former leper house in Paris, due to which the entire Congregation gained the name of "Lazarites" or "Lazarists" although most of its members had nothing to do with caring for lepers.
389:. In legend, even kings were removed from power and left to wander in the forests while suffering from leprosy, although their position could be restored in the event of their recovery, whether through divine intervention or
103:
has maintained a similarly virulent genome over at least the last thousand years, leaving it unclear which precise factors led to leprosy's near elimination in Europe by 1700. A growing number of cases following the
405:
considered certain skin diseases to render people unclean and unfit for society, without organizing any special locations for their care; it seems likely, however, that the references to "leprosy" in the
588:
99:
were frequently conflated with leprosy and all such sufferers were kept away from the general public, although some religious orders provided medical care and treatment. Recent research has shown
79:, the bacterium responsible for leprosy, is believed to have spread from East Africa through the Middle East, Europe, and Asia by the 5th century before reaching the rest of the world
613:
policy, but also the court that repeatedly ruled in favor of the government when the policy was challenged, as well as the media, which failed to report the plight of the victims.
600:, 10 kilometers from Kaban Jahe. Within five months it was home to 72 people affected with leprosy and by April 1921 colony included 280. The patients lived in small houses.
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
873:
608:
came under judicial scrutiny, leading to the determination that the
Japanese government had mistreated the patients, and the district court ordered Japan to pay
497:
reducing formal restrictions on lepers while setting aside funds for leprosaria where clerics would treat the afflicted. Such leper houses are documented at
1511:
1179:
910:
Jacob, Jesse T.; et al. (30 January 2008), "The
Stigmatization of Leprosy in India and Its Impact on Future Approaches to Elimination and Control",
1785:
434:
before becoming associated with leprosy centuries later. This confusion of terms—and the related divine opprobrium—was then translated into
1761:
1753:
1054:
105:
542:
309:
192:
becoming by far the most common
English term in the 1880s as the growing number of leprosy cases were discussed within the context of
1349:
889:
454:
did not blame divine punishment and advocated various treatments but still usually advised that lepers be kept out of cities. Some
1172:
853:
196:. Less common synonyms include leper asylum, leper lodge, and leper hospital. Other names derive from the figure of Lazarus in
1019:
Encyclopedia of
Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plaques, Joseph P. Byrne, 2008: Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plaques
370:. The Indian religious texts and laws did not organize formal leper colonies but treated those afflicted with the disease as
121:
1757:
1633:
1516:
423:
1749:
1741:
1252:
558:
1745:
1567:
1429:
1165:
1022:
377:, forbidding and punishing any marriage with them while they suffered from the disease, which was considered both
1583:
1506:
1036:
565:
1795:
1242:
837:
361:
were leprosy, some of them seem to have been, with the disease appearing in the subcontinent by at least 2000
1780:
1623:
1496:
1593:
1588:
1222:
545:
451:
447:
419:
278:
220:
113:
1247:
510:
374:
291:
1618:
1470:
1237:
1198:
577:
197:
193:
75:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1272:
632:
502:
439:
378:
344:
333:
92:
1613:
1562:
1439:
1424:
1403:
1384:
1232:
1206:
642:
637:
622:
553:
522:
498:
455:
340:
238:
234:
84:
80:
438:
in the 9th century. The introduction of leprosy to southern Europe was blamed on the armies of
1491:
1434:
1398:
1394:
1302:
1287:
1267:
1257:
997:
939:
867:
647:
530:
490:
475:
462:'s example by personally ministering to lepers or communities of lepers, activity recorded in
382:
268:
1058:
1790:
1552:
1475:
1389:
1340:
1202:
1111:
989:
929:
919:
605:
467:
443:
435:
145:
141:
128:
in 1897 renewed interest and investment in the isolation of lepers throughout the
European
1557:
1465:
1262:
627:
569:
494:
402:
394:
201:
129:
109:
88:
31:
812:
1598:
1547:
1501:
1460:
993:
934:
562:
486:
398:
371:
157:
1136:
1774:
1628:
1608:
1455:
1378:
1307:
463:
411:
386:
217:
133:
227:
before spreading to other locations. This caused leper colonies to also be known as
1419:
1282:
1227:
972:, vol. 7, no. 4, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1–10
538:
459:
407:
358:
329:
209:
96:
968:
Snellgrove, Harold S. (July 1954), "Leprosy in
Ancient and Early Medieval Times",
924:
1361:
592:
Laoe Si Momo (Spring Water) leper colony was founded on August 25, 1906, in the
317:
205:
1334:
1328:
1277:
415:
137:
61:
41:
1323:
431:
390:
313:
224:
1157:
1001:
943:
533:
as a historical account and took the sore-covered beggar in the story as St
324:
17:
1297:
1189:
984:
Grzybowski, Andrzej; et al. (January 2016), "Leprosy in the Bible",
518:
761:
736:
695:
667:
37:
1355:
1292:
786:
723:
609:
597:
526:
514:
427:
69:
1040:
506:
179:
125:
48:, Greece, one of the last leprosy colonies in Europe, closed in 1957
593:
587:
414:
of the Bible are the result of a misunderstanding produced by the
323:
308:
213:
65:
45:
36:
108:, however, led to increased attention towards leprosy during the
354:
1161:
172:, names which are sometimes used in English as well. The Latin
160:, a place for the isolation and care of lepers was known as a
1079:
Teoh, Isaac (1970), "Unique
Experiment with Currency Notes",
893:
890:"My Mission to Record the History of China's Leper Colonies"
857:
430:
and originally referred to a variety of conditions such as
140:
basis, traditional isolated colonies continue to exist in
267:
is sometimes used for colonies in China, a calque of the
485:
Leprosy seems to have reached the rest of Europe during
136:
now generally treat cases of leprosy individually on an
794:
769:
744:
707:
675:
517:
alone may have had as many as 700 or 800 prior to the
233:
and, after the leper colony and quarantine center on
83:. Historically, leprosy was believed to be extremely
1642:
1576:
1525:
1484:
1448:
1412:
1371:
1316:
1213:
854:"A Candid Look at China's Neglected Leper Colonies"
1013:
1011:
328:Abandoned nun's quarters at the leper colony on
509:in 634; their management was often provided by
840:: Harvard-Yenching Institute, pp. 220–227
1173:
888:Hong Mengxia; et al. (29 October 2018),
295:
282:
8:
852:Walsh, Matthew; et al. (17 June 2019),
814:A Suggestive Commentary on the New Testament
320:, England, formerly a medieval leper colony
173:
1180:
1166:
1158:
872:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
933:
923:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
690:
688:
1112:"Koizumi apologises for leper colonies"
1055:"Welcome to American Leprosy Missions!"
898:, Shanghai: Shanghai United Media Group
828:Wu, Yi-li (June 2011), "Reviewed Work:
799:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022
774:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022
749:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022
712:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022
680:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022
659:
349:Although not all of the skin diseases (
223:, who administered the leper colony in
865:
552:was established to care for lepers in
385:for sins of the sufferer's current or
122:First International Leprosy Conference
7:
1095:McFadden, R.R.; et al. (1993),
1037:"Patron Saints Index: Saint Lazarus"
112:of the late 19th century. Following
95:against its sufferers. Other severe
27:Place to isolate people with leprosy
106:first wave of European colonization
60:, is an isolated community for the
1137:"Japan's leprosy policy denounced"
994:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.10.003
834:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
811:Doren, William Howard Van (1867).
208:as a historical figure and as the
25:
1097:The Numismatic Aspects of Leprosy
912:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
578:issued their own money or tokens
988:, vol. 34, pp. 3–7,
1:
30:For the Leper Colony EP, see
1786:History of medieval medicine
1057:. 2008-10-23. Archived from
925:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000113
148:, and some other countries.
116:'s discovery of the role of
1512:Veterans medical facilities
1253:Hospital information system
1099:, D.C. McDonald, p. 21
830:Leprosy in China: A History
559:Congregation of the Mission
422:translation and subsequent
1812:
1430:Tertiary referral hospital
1023:Greenwood Publishing Group
353:) discussed in the Indian
338:
57:
29:
1738:
1485:Limited class of patients
1196:
796:Oxford English Dictionary
771:Oxford English Dictionary
746:Oxford English Dictionary
709:Oxford English Dictionary
677:Oxford English Dictionary
566:society of apostolic life
296:
283:
604:In 2001, government-run
393:herbal remedies such as
68:, people suffering from
1740:Lists of hospitals in:
1624:Rehabilitation hospital
1497:Combat support hospital
1372:Geographic service area
1358:lying in houses (India)
1248:Hospital administrators
606:leper colonies in Japan
198:one of Jesus's parables
1449:Unique physical traits
1413:Complexity of services
601:
336:
321:
239:Sta. Maria di Nazareth
221:Order of Saint Lazarus
174:
49:
970:Mississippi Quarterly
591:
513:. The area of modern
327:
312:
40:
1634:Verterinary hospital
1619:Psychiatric hospital
1471:Underground hospital
1238:Emergency department
1199:History of hospitals
1025:. 2008. p. 351.
986:Clinical Dermatology
194:European colonialism
120:in the disease, the
1643:Century established
1589:Children's hospital
1543:Non-profit hospital
1538:For-profit hospital
1533:Charitable hospital
1346:HĂ´tel-Dieu (France)
1273:Intensive care unit
633:Leper colony stigma
345:Leper colony stigma
334:Trinidad and Tobago
1614:Maternity hospital
1563:Voluntary hospital
1440:Specialty hospital
1425:Secondary hospital
1404:Municipal hospital
1385:Community hospital
1233:Coronary care unit
1207:Category:Hospitals
643:Losheng Sanatorium
638:Leper colony money
623:History of leprosy
602:
554:Crusader Jerusalem
525:misunderstood the
523:Christian folklore
458:sought to emulate
424:Latin translations
341:History of leprosy
337:
322:
50:
1768:
1767:
1577:Condition treated
1492:Military hospital
1435:Teaching hospital
1399:District hospital
1395:Regional hospital
1288:Operating theater
1258:Hospital medicine
648:Social distancing
584:Political aspects
531:Lazarus and Dives
491:early Middle Ages
397:. Similarly, the
383:divine punishment
294:
281:
200:, treated by the
134:Western countries
89:divinely ordained
64:and treatment of
16:(Redirected from
1803:
1553:Private hospital
1517:Women's hospital
1476:Virtual Hospital
1390:General hospital
1341:Cottage hospital
1203:Hospital network
1182:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1039:. Archived from
1033:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1006:
1004:
981:
975:
973:
965:
948:
946:
937:
927:
907:
901:
899:
885:
879:
877:
871:
863:
849:
843:
841:
836:, vol. 71,
825:
819:
818:
808:
802:
800:
783:
777:
775:
758:
752:
750:
733:
727:
721:
715:
713:
692:
683:
681:
664:
549:
536:
503:Chalon-sur-SaĂ´ne
479:
471:
456:early Christians
436:Islamic medicine
399:ancient Persians
369:
368:
364:
301:
299:
298:
290:
288:
286:
285:
277:
266:
232:
191:
187:
177:
175:domus leprosaria
130:colonial empires
58:many other names
56:, also known by
21:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1796:Leper hospitals
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1734:
1638:
1572:
1558:Public hospital
1521:
1507:Prison hospital
1480:
1466:Mobile hospital
1444:
1408:
1367:
1312:
1263:Hospital museum
1243:Emergency codes
1215:
1214:Common hospital
1209:
1192:
1188:Articles about
1186:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1017:
1016:
1009:
983:
982:
978:
967:
966:
951:
909:
908:
904:
887:
886:
882:
864:
851:
850:
846:
827:
826:
822:
810:
809:
805:
785:
784:
780:
760:
759:
755:
735:
734:
730:
722:
718:
694:
693:
686:
666:
665:
661:
656:
628:Kalawao, Hawaii
619:
586:
570:Vincent de Paul
547:
541:of lepers; the
534:
511:monastic orders
495:imperial Church
477:
469:
395:chaulmoogra oil
366:
365:
362:
347:
339:Main articles:
307:
289:
275:
264:leprosy village
262:
228:
202:Catholic Church
189:
183:
154:
110:New Imperialism
93:enormous stigma
73:
35:
32:Fallujah (band)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Leper colonies
1773:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Fever hospital
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:State hospital
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1502:Field hospital
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1461:Hospital train
1458:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1128:
1103:
1087:
1071:
1046:
1043:on 2008-05-13.
1028:
1007:
976:
949:
902:
880:
844:
820:
817:. p. 916.
803:
778:
753:
737:"leprosarium,
728:
716:
684:
668:"leprosarium,
658:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
618:
615:
585:
582:
543:military order
487:late Antiquity
412:New Testaments
306:
303:
182:in English as
158:medieval Latin
153:
150:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1763:
1762:South America
1759:
1755:
1754:North America
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Trauma center
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Lock hospital
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:Hospital ship
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:Base hospital
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:(Middle Ages)
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:Valetudinaria
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:Archaic forms
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Accreditation
1221:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1061:on 2008-10-23
1060:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
977:
971:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
950:
945:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
917:
913:
906:
903:
897:
896:
891:
884:
881:
875:
869:
861:
860:
855:
848:
845:
839:
835:
831:
824:
821:
816:
815:
807:
804:
798:
797:
792:
790:
782:
779:
773:
772:
767:
765:
757:
754:
748:
747:
742:
740:
732:
729:
725:
720:
717:
711:
710:
705:
703:
699:
691:
689:
685:
679:
678:
673:
671:
663:
660:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
607:
599:
595:
590:
583:
581:
579:
573:
571:
567:
564:
560:
555:
551:
544:
540:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
473:
465:
464:hagiographies
461:
457:
453:
452:Roman doctors
449:
448:ancient Greek
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
360:
356:
352:
346:
342:
335:
331:
326:
319:
315:
311:
304:
302:
293:
280:
274:
270:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
186:
181:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
97:skin diseases
94:
91:, leading to
90:
86:
82:
81:more recently
78:
77:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
1604:Leper colony
1603:
1594:Eye hospital
1420:Day hospital
1283:On-call room
1145:. Retrieved
1143:. 2005-03-02
1140:
1131:
1120:. Retrieved
1118:. 2001-05-25
1115:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1080:
1074:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1049:
1041:the original
1031:
1018:
985:
979:
969:
915:
911:
905:
894:
883:
858:
847:
833:
829:
823:
813:
806:
795:
788:
787:"lazaretto,
781:
770:
763:
756:
745:
738:
731:
719:
708:
701:
697:
676:
669:
662:
610:compensation
603:
574:
505:in 570, and
484:
359:Laws of Manu
350:
348:
330:Chacachacare
272:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
230:lazar houses
229:
210:patron saint
190:leper colony
184:
169:
165:
161:
155:
117:
100:
74:
62:quarantining
54:leper colony
53:
51:
1381:(Australia)
1362:Xenodochium
1268:Hospitalist
1083:, p. 7
918:(1): e113,
568:founded by
493:, with the
474:'s life of
387:former life
372:untouchable
318:North Devon
257:. The name
206:Middle Ages
204:during the
185:leper house
170:leprosorium
166:leprosarium
132:. Although
114:G.A. Hansen
1775:Categories
1335:Bimaristan
1329:Asclepeion
1278:Nocturnist
1216:components
1147:2007-03-20
1122:2007-03-20
1065:2020-12-15
895:Sixth Tone
762:"lazaret,
654:References
596:region of
416:Septuagint
379:contagious
332:Island in
255:lazarettas
251:lazarettos
247:lazarettes
162:leprosaria
138:outpatient
85:contagious
42:Spinalonga
18:Leprosaria
1343:(England)
1337:(Islamic)
1324:Almshouse
1190:hospitals
862:, Kunming
859:GoKunming
838:Cambridge
537:Lazarus,
440:Alexander
432:psoriasis
426:like the
391:Ayurvedic
375:outcastes
314:Taddiport
273:máfēngcūn
225:Jerusalem
118:M. leprae
101:M. leprae
76:M. leprae
1331:(Greece)
1303:Pharmacy
1298:Patients
1141:BBC News
1116:BBC News
1081:The Star
1002:26773616
944:18235845
868:citation
696:"leper,
617:See also
563:Catholic
519:Crusades
501:in 460,
489:and the
357:and the
269:Mandarin
243:lazarets
218:Crusader
216:and the
212:of both
124:held in
1791:Leprosy
1758:Oceania
1568:Defunct
1526:Funding
1356:Vaishya
1352:(Roman)
1293:Orderly
935:2217676
724:Luke 16
598:Sumatra
550:Lazarus
527:parable
515:Belgium
499:St-Oyen
472:Gregory
428:Vulgate
403:Hebrews
351:kushtha
305:History
188:, with
180:calqued
70:leprosy
1750:Europe
1742:Africa
1584:Cancer
1000:
942:
932:
548:
539:patron
535:
507:Verdun
478:
470:
444:Pompey
381:and a
363:
253:, and
235:Venice
214:lepers
126:Berlin
66:lepers
1308:Wards
594:Batak
561:, a
480:Basil
466:like
460:Jesus
420:Greek
355:Vedas
271:name
259:leper
241:, as
168:, or
152:Names
146:China
142:India
46:Crete
1746:Asia
1730:21st
1725:20th
1720:19th
1715:18th
1710:17th
1705:16th
1700:15th
1695:14th
1690:13th
1685:12th
1680:11th
1675:10th
998:PMID
940:PMID
874:link
702:adj.
700:and
450:and
442:and
410:and
401:and
343:and
178:was
87:and
1670:9th
1665:8th
1660:7th
1655:6th
1650:5th
1397:or
1228:Bed
990:doi
930:PMC
920:doi
832:",
698:n.²
529:of
418:'s
408:Old
316:in
297:麻风村
284:麻風村
261:or
237:'s
156:In
44:on
1777::
1760:,
1756:,
1752:,
1748:,
1744:,
1205:,
1201:,
1139:.
1114:.
1021:.
1010:^
996:,
952:^
938:,
928:,
914:,
892:,
870:}}
866:{{
856:,
793:,
789:n.
768:,
764:n.
743:,
739:n.
706:,
687:^
674:,
670:n.
546:St
521:.
482:.
476:St
468:St
446:;
367:BC
300:).
249:,
245:,
164:,
144:,
52:A
1181:e
1174:t
1167:v
1150:.
1125:.
1101:.
1085:.
1068:.
1005:.
992::
974:.
947:.
922::
916:2
900:.
878:.
876:)
842:.
801:.
791:"
776:.
766:"
751:.
741:"
726:.
714:.
704:"
682:.
672:"
292:s
287:,
279:t
276:(
72:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
