511:
57:
383:
44:
372:
691:, despite the fact that individual density in some caves can be high. The main threats are illegal and massive collecting and pollution of the caves. As a consequence, the species is included in the Slovenian
490:
Subsequent research by
Schmidt and other naturalists revealed further previously unknown cave inhabitants, which aroused considerable interest among cave researchers. For this reason, the discovery of
406:, when exploring new inner cave portions discovered some year before. He gave the specimen to count Earl Franz von Ho(c)henwart who was unable to determine the species, and gave it in turn to
942:
944:
Servizio di integrazione al catasto grotte nel Sito Natura 2000 SIC IT3340006 "Carso
Triestino e Goriziano" e ZPS IT3341002 "Aree Carsiche della Venezia Giulia". Relazione Finale
257:
is a true troglobite, adapted to subterranean life and unable to survive in the outside environment. As a result, it possesses typical troglobiotic features, such as elongated
719:, but the specific name is linguistically incorrect, and there are several spelling variants of the name of the person it was named after. Many sources therefore write it as
732:
The exact status of several subspecies is problematic to determine because specimens can differ significantly in physical characteristics even within the same population.
359:. The maximum period of activity of adults is still unknown. As usual in troglobites, environmental stability and the absence of sunlight have brought about the loss of
1191:
961:
1336:
1204:
1310:
1165:
699:(92/43/EEC). On this basis, 15 areas of conservation (pSCI) are established in Slovenia which include the majority of known localities.
305:") allows the animal to store wet air under its elytrae and use it for breathing in drier areas. Another typical feature is a specific
1413:
1428:
456:, both related to its typical slender thorax. The article represents the first formal description of a cave animal, since the
422:. Schmidt recognized the beetle as a new species and described it in the article under the name "Beitrag zu Krain's Fauna" (
917:
344:
so far showed that, as is the case in most specialised cave
Leptodirini, females lay a small number of relatively large
1258:
1100:
391:
1341:
1289:
1209:
1144:
1041:
56:
1408:
465:
316:
It lives predominantly in large and cold caves where the temperature does not exceed 12 °C (54 °F). Its
1302:
1157:
998:
820:
Deleurance-Glaucon, S. (1963). "Recherches sur les Coléoptères troglobies de la sous-famille des
Bathysciinae".
407:
191:
1380:
798:
Schmidt, Ferdinand J. (21 January 1832). "Beitrag zu Krain's Fauna. Leptodirus
Hochenwartii, n. g., n. sp".
306:
1423:
1058:
1263:
1105:
1418:
841:"Humidity responses and the role of Hamann's organ of cavernicolous Bathysciinae (Coleoptera Catopidae)"
499:
337:
175:
510:
1126:
680:
767:
1403:
955:
696:
688:
324:, both animal and vegetable origin, which come from outside environment via percolating water or
270:
51:
301:
completely and give the animal its peculiar round appearance. This adaptation (so-called "false
1362:
1271:
1217:
1196:
1113:
262:
1367:
1222:
889:
852:
442:
360:
321:
976:
1349:
564:
450:
695:
of threatened species (category R). Additionally, it is included in the Annex II of the
43:
1297:
1284:
1152:
1139:
544:
398:
The animal was first found in 1831 by Luka ÄŚeÄŤ, an assistant to the lamplighter in the
17:
1026:
1397:
664:
495:
399:
345:
382:
1276:
1118:
540:
519:
472:
415:
278:
1081:
1323:
1178:
302:
138:
1249:
560:
411:
274:
231:
128:
894:
873:
857:
840:
419:
387:
214:
118:
88:
68:
1354:
1092:
1243:
1075:
977:"Archduke Ludwig Salvator and Leptodirus hohenwarti from Postonjska jama"
692:
656:
548:
536:
425:
403:
313:) on its antennae which helps the animal to perceive air humidity level.
235:
715:
The name is a source of some confusion; the beetle was originally named
336:, and carcasses of different cave animals. Even less is known about its
1375:
1315:
1170:
660:
648:
556:
552:
371:
356:
317:
298:
294:
281:(absence of eyes). However, the most striking features are the slender
239:
222:
1328:
1183:
918:"Monitoring populacij izbranih ciljnih vrst hroščev (končno poročilo)"
469:
352:
282:
210:
108:
98:
78:
1052:
529:
370:
349:
333:
243:
218:
878:, a highly specialized cave Bathysciinae (Coleoptera, Catopidae)"
1131:
676:
329:
266:
207:
1056:
468:, was not recognized as a cave animal at the time. In 1856 the
457:
325:
258:
386:
Portraits of Franz von
Hochenwart and Ferdinand J. Schmidt (
363:, whereas seasonal rhythm is affected by rainfall patterns.
320:
is largely unknown, but the specimens were seen feeding on
355:
is reduced to only one, and the larvae do not feed before
494:(along with the olm) is considered the starting point of
999:"Leptodirus hochenwarti Schmidt, 1832 | Fauna Europaea"
667:(in Italy), where was originally found in Grotta Noè.
1233:
1065:
768:"Importance of discovery of the first cave beetle
683:, due to its limited range and slow reproduction,
348:which take a long time to develop. The number of
441:after the donor, and also gave it the common
8:
1053:
960:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
483:, currently recognized as a subspecies of
42:
31:
893:
874:"The fine structure of Hamann's organ in
856:
635:) are only found in Slovenia, and three (
509:
437:(which means "slender-necked (beetle)")
429:) which appeared in the Carniolan paper
381:
745:
708:
953:
7:
1381:7C60B05E-536C-440B-9A1F-C82BC4C0881A
1303:a82c24bf-ca2f-4479-9a49-687c8cd37344
1158:ddac23e7-f6dc-45c5-9ba0-bda1b4a055fc
936:
934:
911:
909:
907:
905:
839:Lucarelli, M.; Sbordoni, V. (1977).
815:
813:
793:
791:
789:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
572:Leptodirus hochenwartii hochenwartii
882:International Journal of Speleology
845:International Journal of Speleology
618:Leptodirus hochenwartii velebiticus
591:Leptodirus hochenwartii reticulatus
475:Viktor Motchoulski described a new
872:Accordi, F.; Sbordoni, V. (1977).
25:
1027:no. 82, Tuesday 24 September 2002
950:(in Italian). Udine. p. 232.
609:Leptodirus hochenwartii croaticus
563:are currently recognized in this
600:Leptodirus hochenwartii pretneri
581:Leptodirus hochenwartii schmidti
55:
916:Vrezec A.; et al. (2007).
1:
424:Contribution to the fauna of
1046:(1992). European Commission
528:is the only species in the
392:National Museum of Slovenia
285:, hence the specific name (
1445:
1023:Slovenian official gazette
627:Of those, two subspecies (
466:Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti
1414:Beetles described in 1832
340:. The only study done on
221:contains only the single
181:
174:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
987:(2). Ljubljana: 289–298.
975:Mader, Brigitta (2003).
464:), described in 1768 by
1429:Monotypic beetle genera
1235:Leptodirus hochenwartii
895:10.5038/1827-806X.9.2.8
858:10.5038/1827-806X.9.2.9
770:Leptodirus hochenwartii
717:Leptodirus Hochenwartii
687:is considered rare and
526:Leptodirus hochenwartii
408:Ferdinand JoĹľef Schmidt
402:system in southwestern
376:Leptodirus hochenwartii
255:Leptodirus hochenwartii
227:Leptodirus hochenwartii
185:Leptodirus hochenwartii
18:Leptodirus hochenwartii
822:Ann. Sci. Natur. Zool.
766:Polak, Slavko (2005).
679:has not evaluated its
522:
395:
379:
293:=neck), and the domed
1043:EU Habitats directive
941:Stoch, Fabio (2009).
876:Leptodirus hohenwarti
697:EU Habitats Directive
514:Approximate range of
513:
500:scientific discipline
433:in 1832. He named it
385:
378:in an 1871 lithograph
374:
1298:Fauna Europaea (new)
1153:Fauna Europaea (new)
647:) are only found in
167:L. hochenwartii
681:conservation status
250:Biology and ecology
925:Natura 2000 Report
782:. Mallorca: 71–80.
523:
506:Taxonomy and range
396:
380:
1409:Beetles of Europe
1391:
1390:
1363:Open Tree of Life
1218:Open Tree of Life
1059:Taxon identifiers
800:Illyrisches Blatt
653:L. h. reticulatus
651:. The subspecies
431:Illyrisches Blatt
269:, the absence of
265:, the absence of
199:
198:
156:
16:(Redirected from
1436:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1345:
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1319:
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1306:
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981:Acta Carsologica
972:
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938:
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922:
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733:
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724:
713:
622:
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595:
586:
576:
462:Proteus anguinus
367:Research history
361:circadian rhythm
322:organic material
297:which cover the
187:
154:
60:
59:
46:
32:
27:Genus of beetles
21:
1444:
1443:
1439:
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1433:
1394:
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1350:Observation.org
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1005:
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996:
992:
974:
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927:(in Slovenian).
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833:
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797:
796:
787:
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736:
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727:
714:
710:
705:
685:L. hochenwartii
673:
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
574:
516:L. hochenwartii
508:
492:L. hochenwartii
485:L. hochenwartii
479:species, named
369:
342:L. hochenwartii
252:
230:. It is a true
195:
189:
183:
170:
153:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1389:
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1386:
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1359:
1346:
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1320:
1307:
1294:
1285:Fauna Europaea
1281:
1268:
1255:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1175:
1162:
1149:
1140:Fauna Europaea
1136:
1123:
1110:
1097:
1087:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1034:
1015:
990:
967:
930:
901:
888:(2): 153–165.
864:
851:(2): 167–177.
831:
809:
785:
772:Schmidt, 1832"
744:
743:
741:
738:
735:
734:
725:
707:
706:
704:
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672:
669:
625:
624:
615:
606:
597:
588:
578:
545:Inner Carniola
507:
504:
368:
365:
251:
248:
213:in the family
197:
196:
190:
179:
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172:
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61:
48:
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39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Postojna Cave
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
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1382:
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986:
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978:
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868:
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854:
850:
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842:
835:
832:
827:
824:(in French).
823:
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805:
802:(in German).
801:
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790:
786:
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702:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
670:
668:
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665:Trieste Karst
662:
658:
655:are found in
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
619:
616:
610:
607:
601:
598:
592:
589:
582:
579:
573:
570:
569:
568:
566:
562:
559:) south. Six
558:
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550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
521:
517:
512:
505:
503:
501:
497:
496:biospeleology
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
448:
447:drobnovratnik
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:Postojna Cave
393:
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242:and, partly,
241:
237:
234:, endemic to
233:
229:
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205:
204:
193:
188:
186:
180:
177:
176:Binomial name
173:
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155:Schmidt, 1832
152:
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63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1419:Cave beetles
1234:
1066:
1042:
1037:
1031:(in Slovene)
1022:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1003:fauna-eu.org
1002:
993:
984:
980:
970:
943:
924:
885:
881:
875:
867:
848:
844:
834:
825:
821:
806:. Ljubljana.
803:
799:
779:
775:
769:
728:
720:
716:
711:
684:
674:
671:Conservation
652:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:hochenwartii
628:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
585:Motschoulsky
580:
571:
541:Dinaric Alps
532:
525:
524:
520:Dinaric Alps
515:
491:
489:
484:
480:
476:
473:entomologist
461:
454:Enghalskäfer
453:
446:
439:hochenwartii
438:
434:
430:
423:
416:entomologist
397:
375:
341:
338:life history
315:
311:Hamann organ
310:
290:
286:
279:anophthalmia
254:
253:
226:
225:
202:
201:
200:
184:
182:
166:
165:
149:
148:
35:
29:
1324:iNaturalist
1179:iNaturalist
828:(5): 1–172.
663:and in the
645:velebiticus
551:) north to
539:to western
481:L. schmidti
303:physogastry
139:Leptodirini
125:Subfamily:
1398:Categories
1067:Leptodirus
1008:10 October
740:References
721:hohenwarti
689:vulnerable
561:subspecies
533:Leptodirus
477:Leptodirus
435:Leptodirus
412:naturalist
289:=slender,
275:integument
232:troglobite
203:Leptodirus
150:Leptodirus
129:Cholevinae
109:Coleoptera
89:Arthropoda
36:Leptodirus
1404:Leiodidae
1082:Q12033027
956:cite book
675:Although
641:croaticus
594:J. MĂĽller
420:Ljubljana
388:Ljubljana
236:Slovenian
215:Leiodidae
161:Species:
119:Leiodidae
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
1250:Q2300017
1244:Wikidata
1090:BioLib:
1076:Wikidata
1025:(2002).
693:Red list
657:Slovenia
637:pretneri
633:schmidti
549:Slovenia
535:. It is
426:Carniola
404:Slovenia
357:moulting
307:receptor
263:antennae
240:Croatian
115:Family:
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
1376:ZooBank
1368:7775190
1342:1457097
1316:4445665
1223:3344193
1210:1457096
1197:1396079
1171:4445662
1132:3485312
661:Croatia
649:Croatia
621:Pretner
612:Pretner
587:, 1856)
575:Schmidt
557:Croatia
553:Velebit
543:, from
537:endemic
518:in the
470:Russian
443:Slovene
353:instars
318:ecology
299:abdomen
295:elytrae
273:in the
271:pigment
246:caves.
244:Italian
223:species
192:Schmidt
145:Genus:
135:Tribe:
105:Order:
99:Insecta
95:Class:
1355:565591
1329:133909
1290:121627
1264:656828
1184:133907
1145:121624
1106:656827
1093:260338
776:Endins
623:, 1970
614:, 1955
605:, 1926
603:MĂĽller
596:, 1906
577:, 1832
451:German
350:larval
328:’ and
291:deiros
287:leptos
283:thorax
277:, and
217:. The
211:beetle
194:, 1832
1277:8XT43
1192:IRMNG
1119:8X7J3
948:(PDF)
921:(PDF)
703:Notes
565:range
530:genus
498:as a
445:name
418:from
334:guano
330:birds
309:(the
267:wings
219:genus
206:is a
1337:NCBI
1311:GBIF
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