733:
33:
125:
228:
in the ratio of immature to mature neutrophils and macrophages. The proportion of immature leukocytes increases due to proliferation and inhibition of granulocyte and monocyte precursors in the bone marrow which is stimulated by several products of inflammation including C3a and G-CSF. Although it
678:
Leukocytosis is very common in acutely ill patients. It occurs in response to a wide variety of conditions, including viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals including steroids. For lung diseases such as pneumonia and
1266:
1251:
1690:
1335:
744:
While treatment is usually not necessary in the majority of cases, hyperleukocytosis (WBC count > 50 or 100 × 10/L), which can be seen in some leukemic patients, is treated to prevent
882:
919:
43:
708:
Leukocytosis is an expected finding in healthy women during the post-partum period and is not a cause for alarm unless accompanied by clinical manifestations of infection.
1683:
1131:
Arbib, Nissim; Aviram, Amir; Gabbay Ben-Ziv, Rinat; Sneh, Orly; Yogev, Yariv; Hadar, Eran (2015-11-23). "The effect of labor and delivery on white blood cell count".
189:. It may also occur after strenuous exercise, convulsions such as epilepsy, emotional stress, pregnancy and labor, anesthesia, as a side effect of medication (e.g.,
282:, in which either immature white blood cells (acute leukemia) or mature, yet non-functional, white blood cells (chronic leukemia) are present in peripheral blood.
1328:
1613:
1676:
1321:
845:
253:, associated with the presence of "giant neutrophils". This fact shows suppression of bone marrow activity, as a hematological sign specific for
1771:
1625:
150:
1843:
1079:
1054:
896:
859:
810:
1914:
1648:
796:
1582:
1214:
933:
1946:
1182:
722:
1620:
1608:
732:
599:
1859:
849:
104:
1643:
1603:
1549:
1400:
76:
1110:
580:
576:
531:
493:
956:
51:
1941:
1833:
767:
489:
290:
Leukocytosis can be subcategorized by the type of white blood cell that is increased in number. Leukocytosis in which
800:
83:
1653:
1495:
585:
527:
62:
47:
886:
338:
679:
tuberculosis, WBC count is very important for the diagnosis of the disease, as leukocytosis is usually present.
1979:
1974:
1285:
651:
456:
274:, which is the reaction of a healthy bone marrow to extreme stress, trauma, or infection. It is different from
90:
687:
725:
for various types of leukocytes/WBCs. The 97.5 percentile (right limits in intervals in image, showing 95%
446:
1838:
559:
384:
72:
1899:
690:
of leukocytes from the vessels into tissues, or an increase in number of precursor cells in the marrow.
682:
The mechanism that causes leukocytosis can be of several forms: an increased release of leukocytes from
394:
279:
854:(3rd ed.), Philadelphia: Wolters Klower Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 64–65,
476:
923:
1936:
1926:
762:
698:
668:
505:
482:
190:
1919:
1798:
1270:
757:
726:
465:
375:
1931:
1904:
1894:
1805:
1721:
1553:
1164:
615:
589:
379:
270:
258:
1668:
831:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1699:
1635:
1296:
1156:
1148:
1075:
1050:
929:
892:
855:
834:
Citing: Gale
Encyclopedia of Medicine, 2008 and The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, 2007
806:
549:
254:
145:
1195:
1072:
Atlas of
Hematopathology. Morphology, Immunophenotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Approaches
891:(4th ed.), Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p. 559,
1953:
1909:
1884:
1871:
1788:
1778:
1748:
1140:
772:
229:
may indicate illness, leukocytosis is considered a laboratory finding instead of a separate
1848:
1828:
1541:
1114:
645:
635:
389:
97:
1313:
1738:
1481:
1279:
694:
441:
1275:
1968:
1810:
1595:
1434:
1395:
702:
608:
564:
303:
245:
is considered with reduced count or lack of "young neutrophils" (metamyelocytes, and
203:
1168:
1074:. P. Nagesh Rao, Sophie Song and Wayne W. Grody (eds). Academic Press. p. 642.
1879:
1793:
1491:
1486:
1349:
623:
554:
417:
366:
319:
295:
213:
197:
193:), and epinephrine administration. There are five principal types of leukocytosis:
174:
1144:
1290:
1045:
Mitchell, Richard
Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007),
1783:
1558:
1545:
1452:
1390:
745:
686:
storage pools, decreased margination of leukocytes onto vessel walls, decreased
683:
628:
542:
326:
311:
291:
250:
242:
208:
1301:
1095:
325:
An extreme form of leukocytosis, in which the WBC count exceeds 100,000/μL, is
224:
This increase in leukocyte (primarily neutrophils) is usually accompanied by a
1889:
1820:
1591:
1530:
1500:
1423:
1361:
1260:
664:
595:
519:
500:
471:
330:
315:
299:
218:
182:
1152:
1107:
928:(3rd ed.), Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p. 54,
1563:
960:
658:
640:
618:
451:
436:
246:
178:
166:
154:
17:
1160:
1766:
1505:
1357:
1345:
954:
Lutan, Vasile. Fiziopatologie medicală. Vol. 2, 31.3.2.1. Leucocitozele;
334:
307:
275:
186:
1853:
1743:
569:
425:
230:
61:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
1243:
1758:
1708:
1255:
431:
342:
957:"Cartea electronică: Lutan, Vasile. Fiziopatologie medicală. Vol. 2"
731:
265:
234:
170:
851:
399:
329:. In this form there are so many WBCs that clumps of them block
1672:
1317:
1215:"Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in hematologic malignancies"
181:, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or
26:
805:, Chicago: Britannica Educational Publishing, p. 198,
58:
1133:
The
Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
1233:
1183:
Reference ranges for blood tests#White blood cells 2
237:, which is also a test result instead of a disease.
1870:
1819:
1757:
1707:
1634:
1590:
1581:
1527:
1520:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1420:
1413:
1376:
1369:
1356:
1237:
144:
139:
729:) is a common limit for defining leukocytosis.
57:Please review the contents of the article and
1684:
1329:
1098:2015 Dec. Am Fam Physician. 1;92(11):1004-11.
233:. This classification is similar to that of
8:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
790:
788:
1108:Leukocytosis: Basics of Clinical Assessment
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
1691:
1677:
1669:
1587:
1524:
1464:
1457:
1417:
1373:
1366:
1336:
1322:
1314:
1234:
888:Schwartz's Clinical Handbook of Pediatrics
136:
1196:"Leukocytosis Treatment & Management"
1181:Specific references are found in article
1096:Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis.
169:) count is above the normal range in the
352:
165:is a condition in which the white cell (
784:
1772:Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies
1626:Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency
264:A leukocyte count above 25 to 30 × 10/
1844:Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma
7:
1649:Neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome
832:TheFreeDictionary > Leukocytosis
241:in the ratio of immature to mature
918:Schwartz, M. William, ed. (2003),
25:
802:Blood: Physiology and Circulation
1947:Postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma
1915:Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome
1542:Granulocytopenia/agranulocytosis
173:. It is frequently a sign of an
123:
31:
693:Certain medications, including
600:chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
1860:Template:Respiratory pathology
925:The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
177:, most commonly the result of
59:add the appropriate references
1:
1644:Chronic granulomatous disease
1604:Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
1550:Severe congenital neutropenia
1401:Chronic granulomatous disease
1145:10.3109/14767058.2015.1110572
1070:Naeim, Faramarz, ed. (2013).
844:Porth, Carol Mattson (2011),
881:Zorc, Joseph J, ed. (2009),
577:Systemic autoimmune diseases
532:Chronic myelogenous leukemia
490:Systemic autoimmune diseases
314:; and leukocytosis in which
1942:Postinflammatory lymphedema
1834:Generalized lymphadenopathy
1702:: organ and vessel diseases
846:"White blood cell response"
768:Leukocytosis in head trauma
586:Inflammatory bowel diseases
44:reliable medical references
1996:
1654:Myeloperoxidase deficiency
1496:Hypereosinophilic syndrome
1049:, Philadelphia: Saunders,
795:Rogers, Kara, ed. (2011),
705:, may cause leukocytosis.
528:Myeloproliferative disease
1119:American Family Physician
797:"Leukocytosis definition"
355:
339:transient ischemic attack
50:or relies too heavily on
1621:Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
1583:Disorder of phagocytosis
652:Infectious mononucleosis
457:Dermatitis herpetiformis
306:; leukocytosis in which
298:; leukocytosis in which
1094:Riley LK and Rupert J.
1047:Robbins Basic Pathology
356:Causes of leukocytosis
736:
723:blood reference ranges
560:Bacterial endocarditis
447:Allergic skin diseases
200:(the most common form)
1900:Congenital lymphedema
735:
669:lymphocytic leukæmias
395:Myocardial infarction
318:count is elevated is
310:count is elevated is
302:count is elevated is
280:leukoerythroblastosis
175:inflammatory response
1937:Factitial lymphedema
1927:Secondary lymphedema
763:Complete blood count
727:prediction intervals
506:Cholesterol embolism
483:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
466:Parasitic infections
385:Sterile inflammation
376:bacterial infections
1839:Castleman's disease
1213:Schiffer, Charles.
758:Bacterial infection
380:pyogenic infections
337:problems including
1932:Bullous lymphedema
1905:Lymphedema praecox
1895:Primary lymphedema
1806:Splenic infarction
1554:Cyclic neutropenia
1113:2011-06-06 at the
737:
590:ulcerative colitis
550:Chronic infections
477:Hodgkin's lymphoma
271:leukemoid reaction
259:radiation sickness
226:"left upper shift"
151:Infectious disease
1962:
1961:
1872:Lymphatic vessels
1732:DiGeorge syndrome
1700:Lymphatic disease
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1636:Respiratory burst
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1516:
1515:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1409:
1408:
1311:
1310:
1121:. November 2000.
1081:978-0-12-385183-3
1056:978-1-4160-2973-1
898:978-0-7817-7013-2
861:978-1-58255-724-3
812:978-1-61530-250-5
676:
675:
255:pernicious anemia
160:
159:
134:Medical condition
132:
131:
108:
16:(Redirected from
1987:
1954:Waldmann disease
1920:Milroy's disease
1910:Lymphedema tarda
1885:Lymphangiectasia
1799:Banti's syndrome
1789:Wandering spleen
1779:Accessory spleen
1749:Thymic carcinoma
1693:
1686:
1679:
1670:
1588:
1535:
1525:
1475:
1465:
1458:
1428:
1418:
1384:
1374:
1367:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1128:
1122:
1105:
1099:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1041:
972:
971:
969:
968:
959:. Archived from
952:
946:
945:
944:
942:
915:
909:
908:
907:
905:
878:
872:
871:
870:
868:
841:
835:
829:
823:
822:
821:
819:
792:
773:White blood cell
717:Leukocyte counts
636:Viral infections
353:
333:. This leads to
294:are elevated is
247:band neutrophils
137:
127:
126:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
35:
34:
27:
21:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1980:Hematopathology
1975:Blood disorders
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1866:
1849:Kikuchi disease
1829:Lymphadenopathy
1815:
1753:
1703:
1697:
1667:
1658:
1630:
1569:
1528:
1512:
1468:
1439:
1421:
1405:
1377:
1352:
1342:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1246:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1115:Wayback Machine
1106:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1044:
1043:Table 12-6 in:
1042:
975:
966:
964:
955:
953:
949:
940:
938:
936:
917:
916:
912:
903:
901:
899:
880:
879:
875:
866:
864:
862:
843:
842:
838:
830:
826:
817:
815:
813:
794:
793:
786:
781:
754:
742:
719:
714:
695:corticosteroids
646:Cytomegalovirus
518:
516:
415:
413:
390:Tissue necrosis
364:
362:
351:
288:
135:
128:
124:
119:
113:
110:
67:
56:
52:primary sources
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:Ectopic thymus
1736:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1600:
1598:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1556:
1538:
1536:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1482:granulocytosis
1478:
1476:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1371:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1263:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:Classification
1231:
1230:External links
1228:
1225:
1224:
1205:
1202:. 8 July 2022.
1187:
1174:
1139:(18): 2904–8.
1123:
1100:
1087:
1080:
1062:
1055:
973:
947:
934:
920:"Leukocytosis"
910:
897:
883:"Leukocytosis"
873:
860:
836:
824:
811:
783:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
753:
750:
741:
738:
718:
715:
713:
710:
674:
673:
672:
671:
663:some forms of
661:
656:
655:
654:
649:
643:
633:
632:
631:
626:
611:
605:
604:
603:
602:
594:some forms of
592:
583:
574:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
545:
539:
538:
537:
536:
534:
522:
512:
511:
510:
509:
503:
499:Some forms of
497:
487:
486:
485:
481:Some forms of
479:
470:Some forms of
468:
463:
462:
461:
460:
459:
454:
444:
442:Drug allergies
439:
434:
421:
409:
408:
407:
406:
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
382:
370:
358:
357:
350:
347:
287:
286:Classification
284:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
158:
157:
148:
142:
141:
133:
130:
129:
122:
120:
73:"Leukocytosis"
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1992:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1811:Splenic tumor
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1596:degranulation
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1436:
1435:Monocytopenia
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Histiocytosis
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
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508:(transiently)
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414:leukocytosis
412:Eosinophilic
411:
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378:, especially
377:
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363:leukocytosis
361:Neutrophilic
360:
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239:"Right shift"
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204:Lymphocytosis
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114:November 2021
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75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
64:
60:
54:
53:
49:
45:
40:This article
38:
29:
28:
19:
1880:Lymphangitis
1794:Splenomegaly
1529:
1492:Eosinophilia
1487:Neutrophilia
1470:
1469:
1453:Granulocytes
1422:
1379:
1378:
1350:granulocytes
1344:Diseases of
1295:
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1060:8th edition.
1046:
965:. Retrieved
961:the original
950:
939:, retrieved
924:
913:
902:, retrieved
887:
876:
865:, retrieved
850:
839:
827:
816:, retrieved
801:
743:
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707:
692:
681:
677:
624:Tuberculosis
555:Tuberculosis
418:eosinophilia
367:neutrophilia
324:
320:eosinophilia
296:neutrophilia
289:
269:
268:is termed a
263:
238:
225:
223:
214:Eosinophilia
198:Neutrophilia
163:Leukocytosis
162:
161:
140:Leukocytosis
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
48:verification
41:
18:Leucocytosis
1784:Polysplenia
1722:Hyperplasia
1559:Eosinopenia
1546:Neutropenia
1391:Monocytosis
1362:macrophages
941:12 November
904:12 November
867:13 November
818:12 November
746:leukostasis
684:bone marrow
629:Brucellosis
543:Monocytosis
515:Basophilic
327:leukostasis
312:monocytosis
292:neutrophils
251:blood smear
243:neutrophils
209:Monocytosis
185:as well as
183:bone tumors
42:needs more
1969:Categories
1890:Lymphedema
1821:Lymph node
1727:Hypoplasia
1592:Chemotaxis
1501:Basophilia
1297:DiseasesDB
967:2011-09-25
779:References
721:Below are
667:, such as
665:malignancy
619:infections
598:, such as
596:malignancy
520:Basophilia
501:vasculitis
472:malignancy
428:disorders
331:blood flow
316:eosinophil
300:lymphocyte
219:Basophilia
84:newspapers
1564:Basopenia
1358:Monocytes
1346:monocytes
1153:1476-7058
740:Treatment
712:Diagnosis
659:Pertussis
648:infection
641:Hepatitis
452:Pemphigus
437:Hay fever
278:and from
179:infection
167:leukocyte
155:pathology
146:Specialty
1767:Asplenia
1506:Bandemia
1471:-cytosis
1380:-cytosis
1219:UpToDate
1200:Medscape
1169:24541975
1161:26493469
1111:Archived
752:See also
426:Allergic
335:ischemic
308:monocyte
276:leukemia
187:leukemia
1854:Tonsils
1744:Thymoma
1717:Abscess
1291:D007964
699:lithium
616:Chronic
588:, e.g.
579:, e.g.
570:Malaria
530:, e.g.
524:(rare)
231:disease
191:lithium
98:scholar
63:removed
1759:Spleen
1709:Thymus
1531:-penia
1424:-penia
1280:288.6x
1167:
1159:
1151:
1078:
1053:
932:
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858:
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492:(e.g.
432:Asthma
374:Acute
349:Causes
343:stroke
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
1302:33024
1276:288.3
1261:D72.8
1165:S2CID
400:Burns
249:) in
235:fever
171:blood
105:JSTOR
91:books
1858:see
1614:LAD2
1609:LAD1
1594:and
1360:and
1348:and
1286:MeSH
1271:9-CM
1157:PMID
1149:ISSN
1076:ISBN
1051:ISBN
943:2011
930:ISBN
906:2011
893:ISBN
869:2011
856:ISBN
820:2011
807:ISBN
701:and
341:and
257:and
77:news
46:for
1267:ICD
1252:ICD
1141:doi
581:SLE
494:SLE
1971::
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1269:-
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416:(
365:(
266:L
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112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
55:.
20:)
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