524:, which are adaptations that add a tag to specific DNA sequences, rather than altering the sequence itself. In CLL, these changes can be classified into the addition of three different methyl subgroups (naĂŻve B-cell-like, memory B-cell-like, and intermediate), which impact how much that DNA sequence is transcribed. Some relevant genetic mutations may be inherited. Since there is no one single mutation that is associated with CLL in all cases, an individual's susceptibility may be impacted when multiple mutations that are associated with an increase in the risk of CLL are co-inherited. Up until 2020, 45 susceptibility loci have been identified. Of these loci, 93% are linked to the alteration of 30 gene expressions involved in immune response, cell survival, or Wnt signaling. Exposure to
391:
441:(i.e. 0.5x10/L) while high-count CLL/SLL MBL has blood monoclonal B-cell counts â„0.5x10/L but <5x10/L. Individuals with blood counts of these monoclonal B-cells >5x10/L are diagnosed as having CLL. Low-count CLL/SLL MBL rarely if ever progresses to CLL while high-count CLL/SLL MBL does so at a rate of 1-2% per year. Thus, CLL may present in individuals with a long history of having high-count CLL/SLL MBL. There is no established treatment for these individuals except monitoring for development of the disorder's various complications (see
541:
58:
1178:, in the United States, 13,040 males and 8,210 females (total of 21,250 people) are expected to be newly diagnosed with CLL in 2021. In that same year, 2,620 males and 1,700 females (total of 4,320 people) are expected to die from CLL. Because of the prolonged survival, which was typically about 10 years in past decades, but which can extend to a normal life expectancy, the
600:
410:. If enlarged lymph nodes are caused by infiltrating CLL-type cells, a diagnosis of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is made. Less commonly, the disease comes to light only after the cancerous cells overwhelm the bone marrow, resulting in low red blood cells, neutrophils, or platelets. Symptoms can be fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness.
6604:
1236:, to treat CLL. The findings, which were published in August 2011, were based on data from three patients who had modified T cells injected into their blood. The T cells had been modified to express genes that would allow the cells to proliferate in the body and destroy B cells including those causing the leukemia. Two patients went into
647:(MCL malignant B cells). Discrimination between CLL and MCL can be improved by adding non-routine markers such as CD54 and CD200. Among routine markers, the most discriminating feature is the CD20/CD23 mean fluorescence intensity ratio. In contrast, FMC7 expression can surprisingly be misleading for borderline cases.
1171:
the age of 50 years. The median age of diagnosis is 70 years. In young people, new cases of CLL are twice as likely to be diagnosed in men than in women. In older people, however, this difference becomes less pronounced: after the age of 80 years, new cases of CLL are diagnosed equally between men and women.
1170:
CLL is the most common type of leukaemia in the
Western world compared to non-Western regions such as Asia, Latin America, and Africa. It is observed globally that males are twice as likely than females to acquire CLL. CLL is primarily a disease of older adults, with 9 out of 10 cases occurring after
1123:
Leukemia is rarely associated with pregnancy, affecting only about one in 10,000 pregnant women. Treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemias can often be postponed until after the end of the pregnancy. If treatment is necessary, then giving chemotherapy during the second or third trimesters is less
995:
Chemoimmunotherapy with FCR has shown to improve response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival in a large randomized trial in CLL patients selected for good physical fitness. This has been the first clinical trial demonstrating that the choice of a first-line therapy can improve the
373:
CLL affected about 904,000 people globally in 2015 and resulted in 60,700 deaths. In 2021, the estimated incidence of CLL in the United States is 21,250 new cases and 4,320 deaths. The disease most commonly occurs in people over the age of 65, due to the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur
1161:
is 86.1%. Telomere length has been suggested to be a valuable prognostic indicator of survival. In addition, a person's sex has been found to have an impact on CLL prognosis and treatment efficacy. More specifically, females have been found to survive longer (without disease progression) than males,
2564:
Soilleux EJ, Wotherspoon A, Eyre TA, Clifford R, Cabes M, Schuh AH (December 2016). "Diagnostic dilemmas of high-grade transformation (Richter's syndrome) of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results of the phase II National Cancer
Research Institute CHOP-OR clinical trial specialist haemato-pathology
935:
While it is generally considered incurable, CLL progresses slowly in most cases. Many people with CLL lead normal and active lives for many yearsâin some cases for decades. Because of its slow onset, asymptomatic early-stage CLL (Rai 0, Binet A) is, in general, not treated since it is believed that
874:
All the B cell malignancies of the blood and bone marrow can be differentiated from one another by the combination of cellular microscopic morphology, marker molecule expression, and specific tumor-associated gene defects. This is best accomplished by evaluation of the patient's blood, bone marrow,
2425:
Trimech M, Letourneau A, Missiaglia E, De Prijck B, Nagy-Hulliger M, Somja J, Vivario M, Gaulard P, Lambert F, Bisig B, de Leval L (June 2021). "Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell
Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma: A Novel Form of Composite Lymphoma Potentially Mimicking
1189:
In
Western populations, subclinical "disease" can be identified in 3.5% of normal adults, and in up to 8% of individuals over the age of 70. That is, small clones of B cells with the characteristic CLL phenotype can be identified in many healthy elderly persons. The clinical significance of these
655:
Staging, determining the extent of the disease, is done with the Rai staging system or the Binet classification (see details) and is based primarily on the presence of a low platelet or red cell count. Early-stage disease does not need to be treated. CLL and SLL are considered the same underlying
631:, kappa or lambda, on the entire population of the abnormal B cells. Normal B lymphocytes consist of a stew of different antibody-producing cells, resulting in a mixture of both kappa- and lambda-expressing cells. The lack of the normal distribution of these B cells is one basis for demonstrating
1243:
One of the patients had been diagnosed with CLL for 13 years, and his treatment was failing before he participated in the clinical trial. One week after the T cells were injected, the leukemia cells in his blood had disappeared. The T cells were still found in the bloodstream of the patients six
939:
There are two widely used staging systems in CLL to determine when and how to treat the patient: The Rai staging system, used in the United States, and the Binet system in Europe. Both these systems attempt to characterize the disease based on the bulk and marrow failure. A "watchful waiting"
587:
In CLL, the lymphocytes are all genetically identical since they are derived from the same B cell lineage, expressing common B-cell markers CD19 and CD20, with abnormal expression of surface markers CD5 and CD23. These B cells resemble normal lymphocytes under the microscope, although slightly
325:
cases responds better to careful observation, as there is no evidence that early intervention treatment can alter the course of the disease. Immune defects occur early in the course of CLL and these increase the risk of developing serious infection, which should be treated appropriately with
563:
test. This frequently is an incidental finding on a routine physician visit. Most often the lymphocyte count is greater than 5000 cells per microliter (ÎŒL) of blood but can be much higher. The presence of lymphocytosis in a person who is elderly should raise strong suspicion for CLL, and a
4342:
Molica S, Giannarelli D, Mirabelli R, Levato L, Shanafelt TD (July 2019). "The magnitude of improvement in progression-free survival with targeted therapy in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on prognostic risk category: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
501:. While some of these conversions have been termed RTs, the World Health Organization and most reviews have defined RT as a conversion of CLL/SLL into a disease with DLBCL or HL histopathology. The incidence of this transformation is estimated to be around 5% in people with CLL.
940:
strategy is used for most patients with CLL. The
International Workshop on CLL (iwCLL) has issued guidelines with specific markers that should be met to initiate treatment, generally based on evidence for progressive symptomatic disease (summarized as "active disease").
643:, CD22, and immunoglobulin light chain) Matutes's CLL scoring system is very helpful for the differential diagnosis between classical CLL and the other B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, but not for the immunological distinction between mixed/atypical CLL and
1115:"Refractory" CLL is a disease that no longer responds favorably to treatment within six months following the last cancer therapy. In this case, more aggressive targeted therapies, such as BCR or BCL2 pathway inhibitors, have been associated with increased survival.
554:
The diagnosis of CLL is based on the demonstration of an abnormal population of B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, or tissues that display an unusual but characteristic pattern of molecules on the cell surface. CLL is usually first suspected by a diagnosis of
4298:
Dreger P, Brand R, Hansz J, Milligan D, Corradini P, Finke J, et al. (May 2003). "Treatment-related mortality and graft-versus-leukemia activity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia using intensity-reduced conditioning".
417:(SLL) as one disease with two clinical presentations. Whereas, with CLL, diseased cells propagate from within the bone marrow, in SLL they propagate from within the lymphatic tissue. CLLs are, in virtually all cases, preceded by a particular subtype of
1193:
In contrast, CLL is rare in Asian countries, such as Japan, China, and Korea, accounting for less than 10% of all leukemias in those regions. A low incidence is seen in
Japanese immigrants to the US, and in African and Asian immigrants to Israel.
4542:
Al-Sawaf O, Robrecht S, Bahlo J, Fink AM, Cramer P, von
Tresckow J, et al. (October 2017). "Impact of gender on outcome after chemoimmunotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a meta-analysis by the German CLL study group".
4162:
Hallek M, Fischer K, Fingerle-Rowson G, Fink AM, Busch R, Mayer J, et al. (October 2010). "Addition of rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial".
5517:
5502:
4036:
Keating MJ, O'Brien S, Albitar M, Lerner S, Plunkett W, Giles F, et al. (June 2005). "Early results of a chemoimmunotherapy regimen of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as initial therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia".
1244:
months after the procedure, meaning they would be able to fight the disease should leukemia cells return. This was the first time scientists "have used gene therapy to successfully destroy cancer tumors in patients with advanced disease".
1148:
region are associated with a median overall survival (OS) of more than 20â25 years, while no mutations in this region is associated with a median OS of 8â10 years; deletion of chromosome 13q is associated with a median OS of 17 years; and
3997:"Randomized phase 2 study of fludarabine with concurrent versus sequential treatment with rituximab in symptomatic, untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9712 (CALGB 9712)"
863:, a related, but more aggressive disorder, has cells with similar phenotype, but are significantly larger than normal lymphocytes and have a prominent nucleolus. The distinction is important as the prognosis and therapy differ from CLL.
4731:
855:
Hematologic disorders that may resemble CLL in their clinical presentation, behavior, and microscopic appearance include mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
3135:
Palumbo GA, Parrinello N, Fargione G, Cardillo K, Chiarenza A, Berretta S, et al. (September 2009). "CD200 expression may help in differential diagnosis between mantle cell lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia".
588:
smaller, and are fragile when smeared onto a glass slide, giving rise to many broken cells, which are called "smudge" or "smear" cells and can indicate the presence of the disease. Smudge cells are due to cancer cells lacking in
2670:
JaroĆĄovĂĄ M, PlevovĂĄ K, KotaĆĄkovĂĄ J, Doubek M, PospĂĆĄilovĂĄ Ć (October 2019). "The importance of complex karyotype in prognostication and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a comprehensive review of the literature".
926:
Initial CLL treatments vary depending on the exact diagnosis and the progression of the disease, and even with the preference and experience of the health care practitioner. Any of dozens of agents may be used for CLL therapy.
5004:"Clinical Practice Recommendations for Use of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Behalf of the Guidelines Committee of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation"
761:
In the past, cases with similar microscopic appearance in the blood but with a T cell phenotype were referred to as T-cell CLL. However, these are now recognized as a separate disease group and are currently classified as
1216:
is decreasing. Bone marrow transplants are not recommended as a front-line therapy, and only recommended in specific cases where front-line therapies have either failed or there is a lack of response to BCL-2 inhibitors.
869:
is also a neoplasm of B lymphocytes, but the neoplastic cells have a distinct morphology under the microscope (hairy cell leukemia cells have delicate, hair-like projections on their surfaces) and unique marker molecule
6533:
879:
with specific training in blood disorders. A flow cytometer is necessary for cell marker analysis, and the detection of genetic problems in the cells may require visualizing the DNA changes with fluorescent probes by
5419:"Initial Results of Ibrutinib Plus Venetoclax in Relapsed, Refractory CLL (Bloodwise TAP CLARITY Study): High Rates of Overall Response, Complete Remission and MRD Eradication after 6 Months of Combination Therapy"
952:
are effective in both newly diagnosed and relapsed CLL. Combinations of fludarabine with alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide) produce higher response rates and longer progression-free survival than single agents:
3066:
Matutes E, Owusu-Ankomah K, Morilla R, Garcia Marco J, Houlihan A, Que TH, Catovsky D (October 1994). "The immunological profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL".
3352:
Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G, Chastang C, Piguet H, Goasguen J, et al. (July 1981). "A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis".
6277:
3878:
2514:
Kumar V, Ailawadhi S, Bojanini L, Mehta A, Biswas S, Sher T, Roy V, Vishnu P, Marin-Acevedo J, Alegria VR, Paulus A, Aulakh S, Iqbal M, Manochakian R, Tan W, Chanan-Khan A, Ailawadhi M (September 2019).
1595:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980â2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
421:(MBL). This subtype, termed chronic lymphocytic leukemia-type MBL (CLL-type MBL) is an asymptomatic, indolent, and chronic disorder in which people exhibit a mild increase in the number of circulating
584:
instrument can examine the expression of molecules on individual cells in fluids. This requires the use of specific antibodies to marker molecules, with fluorescent tags recognized by the instrument.
1541:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990â2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
5374:
Farooqui AA, Ashraf A, Farooq TB, Anjum A, Rehman SU, Akbar A, et al. (July 2020). "Novel
Targeted Therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review".
1103:, a high-risk treatment using blood cells from a healthy donor, may be curative, but treatment-related toxicity is significant. An intermediate level, called reduced-intensity conditioning
5831:
4720:
639:). The Matutes's CLL score allows the identification of a homogeneous subgroup of classical CLL, that differs from atypical/mixed CLL for the five markers' expression (CD5, CD23,
532:
may increase the risk. There is no clear association between ionizing radiation exposure and the risk of developing CLL. Blood transfusions have been ruled out as a risk factor.
5948:
5532:
1186:(new diagnoses). CLL is the most common type of leukemia in the UK, accounting for 38% of all leukemia cases. Approximately 3,200 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011.
6538:
3256:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia : recent progress, future direction : proceedings of a Hyland
Laboratories-UCLA symposium held in Napa, California, December 2â5, 1986
1081:). Notably, some of the effects of the targeted therapies such as BCR inhibitors can be attributed to disrupting the interaction of CLL cells with tumour promoting T cells.
1157:
of chromosome 11q, is associated with a median OS of 9â11 years. While prognosis is highly variable and dependent on various factors including these mutations, the average
6347:
3670:"T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia: does the expression of CD8+ phenotype justify the identification of a new subtype? Description of two cases and review of the literature"
936:
early-stage CLL intervention does not improve survival time or quality of life. Instead, the condition is monitored over time to detect any change in the disease pattern.
6561:
2749:
Sava GP, Speedy HE, Houlston RS (January 2014). "Candidate gene association studies and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1144:
Prognosis can be affected by the type of genetic mutation that the person with CLL has. Some examples of genetic mutations and their prognoses are: mutations in the
5913:
300:
6303:
5135:
4703:
4651:
992:
as primary therapy, no evidence shows early use of fludarabine improves overall survival, and some clinicians prefer to reserve fludarabine for relapsed disease.
5642:
5056:
3744:
Kasper, Dennis L.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Larry
Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph (17 April 2015). "Malignancies of Lymphoid Cells".
2656:
Bitetto AM, Lamba G, Cadavid G, Shah D, Forlenza T, Rotatori F, Rafiyath SM. Colonic perforation secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia infiltration without
1225:
5993:
4951:
PĂ©rez-Carretero C, GonzĂĄlez-GascĂłn-Y-MarĂn I, RodrĂguez-Vicente AE, Quijada-Ălamo M, HernĂĄndez-Rivas JĂ, HernĂĄndez-SĂĄnchez M, HernĂĄndez-Rivas JM (May 2021).
580:
to confirm clonality and marker molecule expression is needed to establish the diagnosis of CLL. Both are easily accomplished on a small amount of blood. A
6506:
2325:
D'Addona M, Giudice V, Pezzullo L, Ciancia G, Baldi C, Gorrese M, Bertolini A, Campana A, Fresolone L, Manzo P, Zeppa P, Serio B, Selleri C (August 2022).
6545:
6091:
5836:
5227:
162:
5970:
3496:"Automated array-based genomic profiling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: development of a clinical tool and discovery of recurrent genomic alterations"
4493:"Telomere length is an independent predictor of survival, treatment requirement and Richter's syndrome transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
708:: characterized by absolute lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm) with or without lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or anemia
4775:"Monoclonal B lymphocytes with the characteristics of "indolent" chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in 3.5% of adults with normal blood counts"
3173:"Automated analysis of multidimensional flow cytometry data improves diagnostic accuracy between mantle cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma"
2144:
Angelillo P, Capasso A, Ghia P, ScarfĂČ L (December 2018). "Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: Does the elderly patient need a specialistic approach?".
1935:
753:
for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in CLL. Several clinical validation studies have shown >95% concordance with the standard CLL FISH panel.
6071:
5869:
3447:"Customized oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization as a clinical assay for genomic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
6495:
6169:
5723:
5440:
Cao JX, Gao WJ, You J, Wu LH, Liu JL, Wang ZX (July 2019). "The efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for B-cell malignancies".
1096:
6342:
3327:
Woyach, Jennifer A.; Byrd, John C. (2022), Loscalzo, J; Fauci, Anthony S.; Kasper, Dennis L.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, D; Jameson, J (eds.),
547:
of a lymph node affected by B-CLL showing a characteristic proliferation center (right of image), composed of larger, lighter-staining, cells,
5339:
ten Hacken E, Burger JA (December 2014). "Microenvironment dependency in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The basis for new targeted therapies".
6629:
6624:
6161:
5712:
4883:
4679:
2929:
2725:
1221:
892:
CLL treatment focuses on controlling the disease and its symptoms rather than on an outright cure. In those without or only minimal symptoms
347:
702:: characterized by absolute lymphocytosis and anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/dL) with or without lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly
6490:
1104:
1100:
1089:
3596:"Whole-genome scanning by array comparative genomic hybridization as a clinical tool for risk assessment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
6446:
6066:
5864:
5748:
4890:
Frequency of lymphoid neoplasms. (Source: Modified from WHO Blue Book on Tumour of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2001, p. 2001.)
3956:"Fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine alone in first-line therapy of younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
803:
5053:"Genetically Modified "Serial Killer" T Cells Obliterate Tumors in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Penn Researchers Report"
3366:
6337:
3238:
2954:
750:
505:
5635:
4904:"Association between leukemia incidence and mortality and residential petrochemical exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
4627:
3753:
3643:
3263:
1520:
1327:
881:
5176:"T cells with chimeric antigen receptors have potent antitumor effects and can establish memory in patients with advanced leukemia"
3021:"Molecular clonality assessment shows high performance to predict malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using cytological smears"
734:: characterized by anemia and/or thrombocytopenia regardless of the number of areas of lymphoid enlargement (Rai stages III and IV)
6298:
1204:
People who live near areas with considerable industrial pollution have an elevated risk of developing leukemia, particularly CLL.
504:
Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement can rarely occur with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Some of the reported manifestations include
1274:
458:
267:
Risk factors include having a family history of the disease, with 10% of those who develop CLL having such ancestry. Exposure to
2479:
Travis LB, Curtis RE, Hankey BF, Fraumeni JF (September 1992). "Second cancers in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia".
1286:
442:
418:
2236:
Choi SM, O'Malley DP (December 2018). "Diagnostically relevant updates to the 2017 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms".
437:
found in CLL. CLL/SLL MBL consist of two groups: low-count CLL/SLL MBL has monoclonal B-cell blood counts of <0.5x10 cells/
6528:
6520:
6379:
6257:
6196:
6182:
6076:
6017:
5854:
5780:
860:
847:
796:
763:
722:: characterized by no anemia or thrombocytopenia and fewer than three areas of lymphoid involvement (Rai stages 0, I, and II)
512:. Two cases to date have been reported of GI involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia without Richter's transformation.
3019:
Roepman, P.; Boots, C. M.; Scheidel, K. C.; Sprong, T.; De Bruin, P.; De Weerdt, O.; Groenen, P. J.; Kummer, J. A. (2016).
1092:, using the recipient's own cells, is not curative. Younger individuals, if at high risk for dying from CLL, may consider
6576:
6486:
6436:
6332:
6061:
5845:
1198:
784:
Lymphoid disorders that can present as chronic leukemia and can be confused with typical B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia
466:
6594:
6468:
6374:
6357:
6165:
5719:
5628:
2327:"Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hairy Cell Leukemia Arising from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Reports and Literature Review"
1021:
attacks cancer cells at a specific target, with the aim of not harming normal cells. Targeted drugs used in CLL include
770:
596:
proteins which is a structural component in a cell which maintains the cell's internal shape and mechanical resilience).
1907:
728:: characterized by no anemia or thrombocytopenia with three or more areas of lymphoid involvement (Rai stages I and II)
627:, that is, genetically identical. In practice, this is inferred by the detection of only one of the mutually exclusive
6409:
6282:
5988:
2002:"Prognostic models for newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
912:
690:: characterized by absolute lymphocytosis with lymphadenopathy without hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, or thrombocytopenia
390:
374:
over time. Men are diagnosed around twice as often as women (6.8 to 3.5 ratio). It is much less common in people from
2657:
2378:"Leukemic phase of Richter transformation: A mimic of acute myeloid leukemia that responded to Ibrutinib monotherapy"
1038:
509:
462:
2720:(Revised 4th ed.). Lyon: World Health Organization,, International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 219.
6324:
4814:
832:
773:, a highly aggressive leukemia most commonly diagnosed in children, and highly treatable in the pediatric setting.
628:
613:
414:
158:
3907:"iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL"
6212:
6053:
5975:
5603:
1050:
382:
following diagnosis is approximately 83% in the United States. It represents less than 1% of deaths from cancer.
5312:
5253:
696:
characterized by absolute lymphocytosis with either hepatomegaly or splenomegaly with or without lymphadenopathy
508:, small intestinal bacterial contamination, colitis, and others. Usually, GI complications with CLL occur after
6414:
6242:
5546:
4748:
1183:
5880:
5286:
540:
1732:
American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting
1175:
1158:
824:
612:
The atypical molecular pattern on the surface of the cell includes the coexpression of cell surface markers
430:
6431:
5982:
4206:
Khan M, Siddiqi T (December 2018). "Targeted Therapies in CLL: Monotherapy Versus Combination Approaches".
6308:
6287:
6201:
1931:
1213:
576:
The combination of the microscopic examination of the peripheral blood and analysis of the lymphocytes by
486:
474:
145:
5002:
Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Kumar A, Hamadani M, Stilgenbauer S, Ghia P, Anasetti C, et al. (December 2016).
6440:
6030:
5924:
1054:
454:
6003:
5826:
4389:
Shapira T, Pereg D, Lishner M (September 2008). "How I treat acute and chronic leukemia in pregnancy".
2945:
Greer JP, Arber DA, Glader B, List AF, Means Jr RT, Paraskevas F, Rodgers GM, Foerster J, eds. (2014).
470:
4424:
Bosch F, Dalla-Favera R (November 2019). "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: from genetics to treatment".
398:
Most people are diagnosed as having CLL based on the result of a routine blood test that shows a high
6237:
5849:
5760:
3954:
Eichhorst BF, Busch R, Hopfinger G, Pasold R, Hensel M, Steinbrecher C, et al. (February 2006).
3831:
3668:
Ascani S, Leoni P, Fraternali Orcioni G, Bearzi I, Piccioli M, Materazzi M, et al. (June 1999).
3507:
949:
810:
644:
636:
560:
494:
3905:
Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, Caligaris-Cappio F, Dighiero G, Döhner H, et al. (June 2018).
3494:
Schwaenen C, Nessling M, Wessendorf S, Salvi T, Wrobel G, Radlwimmer B, et al. (January 2004).
1949:
Grywalska E, Zaborek M, Ćyczba J, Hrynkiewicz R, BÄbnowska D, Becht R, et al. (November 2020).
6037:
5821:
5791:
5521:
2517:"Trends in the risk of second primary malignancies among survivors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
1296:
1154:
866:
817:
789:
498:
478:
154:
31:
3879:"Rituximab for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Treatment-NaĂŻve and Treatment-Experienced Patients"
3328:
2887:
6501:
5465:
5399:
4933:
4697:
4645:
4568:
4449:
4368:
4324:
4231:
4188:
3936:
3427:
3378:
3171:
Zare H, Bashashati A, Kridel R, Aghaeepour N, Haffari G, Connors JM, et al. (January 2012).
3048:
2774:
2696:
2639:
2590:
2461:
2407:
2307:
2261:
2169:
1792:
1709:
908:
674:
379:
335:
192:
86:
5052:
4491:
Rossi D, Lobetti Bodoni C, Genuardi E, Monitillo L, Drandi D, Cerri M, et al. (June 2009).
839:
461:
in 10â15% of patients, and bone marrow failure. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia may also develop a
4072:
Rai KR, Peterson BL, Appelbaum FR, Kolitz J, Elias L, Shepherd L, et al. (December 2000).
2921:
2000:
Kreuzberger N, Damen JA, Trivella M, Estcourt LJ, Aldin A, Umlauff L, et al. (July 2020).
1730:
Stilgenbauer S, Furman RR, Zent CS (2015-05-01). "Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia".
57:
6581:
6251:
6232:
6221:
6011:
5901:
5816:
5586:
5557:
5457:
5391:
5356:
5205:
5127:
5108:
5033:
4984:
4953:"The Evolving Landscape of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment"
4925:
4879:
4856:
4796:
4685:
4675:
4633:
4623:
4560:
4524:
4441:
4406:
4360:
4316:
4280:
4223:
4180:
4144:
4095:
4054:
4018:
3977:
3928:
3859:
3749:
3726:
3691:
3625:
3576:
3555:"Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number changes and LOH in CLL using high-density SNP arrays"
3553:
Pfeifer D, Pantic M, Skatulla I, Rawluk J, Kreutz C, Martens UM, et al. (February 2007).
3535:
3476:
3419:
3370:
3302:
3259:
3234:
3202:
3153:
3117:
3076:
3040:
3001:
2950:
2925:
2869:
2823:
2766:
2731:
2721:
2688:
2631:
2582:
2546:
2496:
2453:
2399:
2358:
2299:
2253:
2218:
2161:
2126:
2075:
2031:
1982:
1889:
1843:
1784:
1743:
1701:
1651:
1624:
1570:
1516:
1510:
1484:
1323:
1291:
1237:
920:
904:
744:
529:
429:, i.e. produced by a single ancestral B-cell, and have some of the same cell marker proteins,
338:
may be used. Depending on the individual's age, physical condition, and whether they have the
280:
133:
70:
17:
4589:
4113:
Steurer M, Pall G, Richards S, Schwarzer G, Bohlius J, Greil R (July 2006). Steurer M (ed.).
3445:
Sargent R, Jones D, Abruzzo LV, Yao H, Bonderover J, Cisneros M, et al. (January 2009).
1378:
1317:
766:(T-PLL). An accurate diagnosis of T-PLL is important as it is a rare and aggressive disease.
6351:
6130:
5998:
5897:
5620:
5449:
5383:
5348:
5195:
5187:
5156:
5148:
5119:
5098:
5090:
5023:
5015:
4974:
4964:
4915:
4848:
4786:
4773:
Rawstron AC, Green MJ, Kuzmicki A, Kennedy B, Fenton JA, Evans PA, et al. (July 2002).
4552:
4514:
4504:
4433:
4398:
4352:
4308:
4270:
4262:
4215:
4172:
4134:
4126:
4085:
4074:"Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
4046:
4008:
3967:
3918:
3849:
3839:
3718:
3681:
3615:
3607:
3566:
3525:
3515:
3466:
3458:
3409:
3362:
3292:
3192:
3184:
3145:
3107:
3032:
2991:
2983:
2913:
2859:
2813:
2805:
2758:
2680:
2621:
2574:
2536:
2528:
2488:
2443:
2435:
2389:
2348:
2338:
2291:
2245:
2208:
2200:
2153:
2116:
2106:
2065:
2021:
2013:
1972:
1962:
1879:
1868:"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment"
1833:
1823:
1774:
1735:
1693:
1614:
1606:
1560:
1552:
1474:
1466:
1018:
1007:
999:
965:
893:
682:
624:
399:
363:
237:
172:
3995:
Byrd JC, Peterson BL, Morrison VA, Park K, Jacobson R, Hoke E, et al. (January 2003).
3594:
Gunn SR, Mohammed MS, Gorre ME, Cotter PD, Kim J, Bahler DW, et al. (September 2008).
3396:
Lehmann S, Ogawa S, Raynaud SD, Sanada M, Nannya Y, Ticchioni M, et al. (March 2008).
2794:"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: from molecular pathogenesis to novel therapeutic strategies"
1763:"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment"
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1453:
Kipps TJ, Stevenson FK, Wu CJ, Croce CM, Packham G, Wierda WG, et al. (January 2017).
6608:
6124:
6119:
5928:
5812:
5678:
5673:
1248:
1133:
670:
482:
3793:
3647:
3835:
3511:
406:. These people generally have no symptoms. Less commonly, CLL may present with enlarged
283:, and common infections are also considered risk factors. CLL results in the buildup of
6571:
5537:
5200:
5175:
5103:
5078:
5028:
5003:
4979:
4952:
4590:"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia â Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice"
4275:
4250:
4139:
4114:
3620:
3595:
3471:
3446:
3197:
3172:
2996:
2971:
2818:
2793:
2541:
2516:
2353:
2326:
2213:
2188:
2121:
2111:
2094:
2026:
2001:
1977:
1950:
1838:
1811:
1619:
1594:
1565:
1540:
1479:
1454:
1125:
581:
577:
565:
5526:
5418:
5417:
Munir T, Rawstron A, Brock K, Vicente S, Yates F, Bishop R, et al. (2017-12-07).
4176:
3854:
3819:
3530:
3495:
2249:
1697:
1610:
1556:
988:
Although the purine analogue fludarabine was shown to give superior response rates to
6618:
6478:
6177:
6086:
6042:
5859:
5733:
5469:
5403:
5352:
4937:
4453:
3940:
3431:
2914:
2778:
2594:
2465:
2411:
2311:
1951:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Induced Humoral Immunosuppression: A Systematic Review"
1796:
1259:
1252:
1034:
616:
556:
355:
331:
180:
150:
4852:
4372:
4328:
4235:
4192:
3398:"Molecular allelokaryotyping of early-stage, untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
3382:
3052:
2700:
2643:
2265:
2173:
473:. CLL has also been reported to convert into other more aggressive diseases such as
6081:
5743:
4572:
4467:
4130:
3279:
Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, Chanana AD, Levy RN, Pasternack BS (August 1975).
2017:
1739:
1713:
1684:
Hallek M, Shanafelt TD, Eichhorst B (April 2018). "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia".
1411:
1255:
1229:
1129:
1070:
1003:
989:
900:
593:
525:
327:
322:
276:
268:
253:
249:
176:
126:
122:
5597:
4356:
3149:
3036:
2684:
548:
5551:
5191:
4920:
4903:
3923:
3906:
3571:
3554:
3112:
3095:
2864:
2847:
2809:
2762:
2439:
2376:
Liu H, Miao Y, Ferrajoli A, Tang G, McDonnell T, Medeiros LJ, Hu S (March 2020).
5755:
5581:
5174:
Kalos M, Levine BL, Porter DL, Katz S, Grupp SA, Bagg A, June CH (August 2011).
4969:
4090:
4073:
3297:
3280:
1078:
961:
916:
876:
635:, the key element for establishing a diagnosis of any B cell malignancy (B cell
521:
407:
359:
292:
272:
233:
229:
138:
116:
100:
5453:
5387:
5019:
4402:
4266:
4013:
3996:
3972:
3955:
3824:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3611:
3500:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3462:
2987:
2295:
2157:
1828:
5651:
5562:
5511:
4689:
4637:
4437:
4219:
3722:
3686:
3669:
3367:
10.1002/1097-0142(19810701)48:1<198::aid-cncr2820480131>3.0.co;2-v
2735:
2532:
2492:
2204:
1267:
1179:
1093:
1066:
1042:
1022:
544:
426:
403:
339:
315:
311:
241:
75:
4791:
4774:
3188:
465:
i.e. conversion to a far more aggressive form that has the histopathology of
5592:
4050:
3844:
3520:
3229:
Kaushansky K, Lichtman M, Beutler E, Kipps T, Prchal J, Seligsohn U (2010).
3020:
1263:
1062:
1046:
1030:
975:
632:
367:
351:
187:
5461:
5395:
5360:
5209:
5131:
5112:
5037:
4988:
4929:
4860:
4800:
4669:
4617:
4564:
4528:
4445:
4410:
4364:
4320:
4312:
4284:
4227:
4184:
4148:
4099:
4058:
4022:
3981:
3932:
3820:"Immunological method for mapping genes on Drosophila polytene chromosomes"
3769:
3730:
3695:
3629:
3580:
3539:
3480:
3423:
3206:
3157:
3121:
3044:
3005:
2873:
2827:
2770:
2715:
2692:
2635:
2586:
2550:
2457:
2403:
2362:
2303:
2257:
2222:
2165:
2130:
2079:
2035:
1986:
1893:
1847:
1788:
1747:
1705:
1655:
1628:
1574:
1488:
5094:
3863:
3374:
3306:
3080:
2500:
370:
were previously the initial treatment in those who are otherwise healthy.
6566:
6394:
6105:
5668:
5655:
5258:
5079:"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia"
4668:
Jameson JL, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J (2018).
4556:
4509:
4492:
1967:
1812:"Current and future treatment strategies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
1470:
589:
490:
434:
79:
5494:
5145:
has been checked and does not affect the cited material, please replace
5123:
3770:"France â Lymphoproliferative Syndrome B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia |"
2343:
2095:"Diagnosis and classification of lymphoma: Impact of technical advances"
599:
5317:
5142:
4519:
3414:
3397:
2626:
2609:
2448:
1150:
358:
are often recommended for first line treatment of CLL. The medications
2578:
2394:
2377:
2070:
2053:
1884:
1867:
1779:
1762:
1240:, while the presence of leukemia in the third patient reduced by 70%.
346:
mutation, different first line treatments may be offered. As of 2021,
6114:
5506:
5263:
1233:
678:
422:
284:
261:
257:
225:
4839:
Shanshal M, Haddad RY (April 2012). "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia".
2972:"The vimentin cytoskeleton: when polymer physics meets cell biology"
2717:
WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
453:
Complications include a low level of antibodies in the bloodstream (
1182:(number of people living with the disease) is much higher than the
5937:
5802:
5786:
5608:
5290:
4878:. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 283.
2610:"Richter syndrome: biology, incidence, and therapeutic strategies"
1026:
669:: characterized by absolute lymphocytosis (>15,000/mm) without
598:
539:
438:
402:
count, specifically a large increase in the number of circulating
389:
288:
245:
3709:
Sud A, Dearden C (April 2017). "T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia".
2282:
Sigmund AM, Kittai AS (August 2022). "Richter's Transformation".
240:). Early on, there are typically no symptoms. Later, non-painful
6400:
6294:
6273:
6191:
5933:
5908:
5888:
5884:
5771:
5689:
5684:
2970:
Patteson AE, Carroll RJ, Iwamoto DV, Janmey PA (December 2020).
1074:
1058:
640:
620:
375:
343:
5624:
1212:
In light of new therapies such as targeted agents, the role of
6140:
6135:
6025:
5231:
5077:
Porter DL, Levine BL, Kalos M, Bagg A, June CH (August 2011).
5228:"Gene Therapy Advance Trains Immune System To Fight Leukemia"
264:) may also occur. It typically worsens gradually over years.
2187:
Tresckow JV, Eichhorst B, Bahlo J, Hallek M (January 2019).
572:
Molecular examination of peripheral blood and flow cytometry
6278:
Non-mycosis fungoides CD30â cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma
4251:"Stem cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
749:
Array-based karyotyping is a cost-effective alternative to
623:. In addition, all the CLL cells within one individual are
2949:(Thirteenth ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2792:
Delgado J, Nadeu F, Colomer D, Campo E (September 2020).
291:. These cells do not function well and crowd out healthy
27:
Bone marrow cancer in which lymphocytes are overproduced
5254:"New leukemia treatment exceeds 'wildest expectations'"
2848:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment"
1262:
are currently in trials. The trial of a combination of
4616:
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW, McQuaid KR (2022).
4115:"Purine antagonists for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"
3748:(19 ed.). McGraw Hill Professional. p. 695.
3106:(4): 2492, author reply 2493-2492, author reply 2494.
1107:, may be better tolerated by older or frail patients.
30:"B-cell CLL" redirects here. For the gene family, see
6592:
1270:
had encouraging results in a small number of people.
1099:(HSCT). Myeloablative (bone marrow killing) forms of
568:, should be performed unless clinically unnecessary.
5484:
1277:
cells have been found to have a high response rate.
6554:
6519:
6477:
6459:
6423:
6393:
6366:
6321:
6266:
6220:
6211:
6151:
6113:
6104:
6052:
5962:
5923:
5879:
5801:
5770:
5732:
5711:
5700:
5667:
5572:
5488:
1247:Research is also investigating therapies targeting
207:
199:
186:
168:
144:
132:
115:
107:
85:
69:
47:
42:
6348:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified
4468:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia â Cancer Stat Facts"
3335:(21 ed.), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education
3281:"Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
1512:Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1
1412:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia â Cancer Stat Facts"
559:, an increase in a type of white blood cell, on a
425:lymphocytes. These B-cells are abnormal: they are
6170:Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
5724:Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
2054:"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-Then and now"
1908:"Key Statistics for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"
326:antibiotics. In those with significant symptoms,
287:lymphocytes in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and
4749:"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) statistics"
3818:Langer-Safer PR, Levine M, Ward DC (July 1982).
3254:Gale, Robert Peter; Rai, Kanti R., eds. (1987).
252:, or weight loss for no clear reason may occur.
5914:Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
5313:"Gene therapy shown to destroy leukemia tumors"
2277:
2275:
4619:Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2022
4611:
4609:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
1273:People with CLL undergoing immunotherapy with
1199:cancers involving the same class of blood cell
984:(fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab)
6304:Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma
5636:
5057:University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
2841:
2839:
2837:
2189:"The Treatment of Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia"
1226:University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
915:. Symptoms are sometimes treated surgically (
8:
5994:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
5949:immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders
3711:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
1534:
1532:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
564:confirmatory diagnostic test, in particular
6507:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
5008:Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
4255:Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
4119:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2608:Tsimberidou AM, Keating MJ (January 2005).
2006:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1861:
1859:
1857:
1593:Wang, Haidong; et al. (October 2016).
1588:
1586:
1584:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1228:reported preliminary success in the use of
662:(most commonly used in the United States)
528:increases the risk of CLL, and exposure to
394:A diagram showing the cells affected by CLL
103:swelling, feeling tired, fever, weight loss
51:B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)
6546:Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin
6217:
6148:
6110:
6092:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
5837:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
5708:
5697:
5664:
5643:
5629:
5621:
5485:
4876:Clinical hematology: theory and procedures
4702:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4671:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
4650:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4384:
4382:
3746:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
3333:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
2428:The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
656:disease, just with different appearances.
163:persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
56:
39:
5376:Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia
5199:
5102:
5027:
4978:
4968:
4919:
4790:
4518:
4508:
4274:
4138:
4089:
4012:
3971:
3922:
3853:
3843:
3685:
3619:
3570:
3529:
3519:
3470:
3413:
3296:
3196:
3111:
2995:
2863:
2817:
2625:
2540:
2447:
2393:
2352:
2342:
2212:
2120:
2110:
2069:
2025:
1976:
1966:
1883:
1837:
1827:
1778:
1618:
1564:
1515:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 750.
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1478:
6072:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
5870:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
2920:. Blackwell Publishing Limited. p.
2846:Strati P, Jain N, O'Brien S (May 2018).
2481:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1379:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment"
1049:(inhibitors of some forms of the enzyme
780:
65:Peripheral blood smear showing CLL cells
6599:
6534:with bandlike and perivascular patterns
6496:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
1539:Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016).
1308:
1162:when treated with certain medications.
1097:hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
875:and occasionally lymph node cells by a
6343:Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
5221:
5219:
5159:|...|checked=yes}}
4695:
4643:
4208:Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports
3177:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
2660:. Leuk Lymphoma. 2011 May;52(5):930-3.
520:CLL can also be caused by a number of
295:. CLL is divided into two main types:
4715:
4713:
4663:
4661:
4584:
4582:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3094:Deans JP, Polyak MJ (February 2008).
2146:European Journal of Internal Medicine
2047:
2045:
1725:
1723:
996:overall survival of people with CLL.
7:
6491:X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
3798:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3600:The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics
3451:The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics
2892:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1816:Journal of Hematology & Oncology
1105:allogeneic stem cell transplantation
1101:allogeneic stem cell transplantation
1090:Autologous stem cell transplantation
923:("de-bulking" swollen lymph nodes).
919:â removal of enlarged spleen) or by
445:) and for their progression to CLL.
6447:Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
6067:Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
5287:"Gene Therapy Cures Adult Leukemia"
5083:The New England Journal of Medicine
4902:Boonhat H, Lin RT (December 2020).
4078:The New England Journal of Medicine
804:Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma
457:), leading to recurrent infection,
2193:Deutsches Ărzteblatt International
2112:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.05.007
25:
4721:"Cancer Facts & Figures 2021"
4426:Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
2250:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.09.011
6602:
5353:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.07.003
4737:from the original on 2021-01-12.
3646:. AccessMedicine. Archived from
3644:"T Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia"
1938:from the original on 2021-11-16.
1810:Patel K, Pagel JM (April 2021).
769:CLL should not be confused with
715:(most commonly used in Europe)
603:Smudge cells in peripheral blood
459:warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
310:Diagnosis is typically based on
6299:CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
5341:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
4853:10.1016/j.disamonth.2012.01.009
1459:Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
1455:"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia"
1287:Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
1232:, through genetically modified
764:T-cell prolymphocytic leukemias
419:monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
314:finding high numbers of mature
6529:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
6521:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
6380:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
6258:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
6197:Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
6077:Primary cutaneous immunocytoma
6018:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
5180:Science Translational Medicine
4815:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"
4131:10.1002/14651858.CD004270.pub2
3877:Janssens; et al. (2011).
3329:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"
2947:Wintrobe's clinical hematology
2916:Blood Cells: A Practical Guide
2888:"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"
2382:American Journal of Hematology
2238:Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
2058:American Journal of Hematology
2018:10.1002/14651858.CD012022.pub2
1872:American Journal of Hematology
1767:American Journal of Hematology
1740:10.14694/EdBook_AM.2015.35.164
1316:O'Brien S, Gribben JG (2008).
861:B cell prolymphocytic leukemia
848:adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
797:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
443:treatment of MBL complications
18:Leukemia, lymphocytic, chronic
1:
6577:Lymphoproliferative disorders
6487:Lymphoproliferative disorders
6437:Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma
6309:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A
6288:Lymphomatoid papulosis type B
6202:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A
6062:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
5285:DeNoon DJ (August 10, 2011).
4357:10.1080/10428194.2018.1543882
4177:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61381-5
3233:(8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
3150:10.1016/j.leukres.2009.01.017
3037:10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203757
3025:Journal of Clinical Pathology
2685:10.1080/10428194.2019.1576038
2052:Rai KR, Jain P (March 2016).
1698:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30422-7
1611:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1557:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1153:of chromosome 12, as well as
489:, lung cancer, brain cancer,
467:diffuse large B cell lymphoma
6630:Small-blue-round-cell tumors
6625:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
6469:Acute biphenotypic leukaemia
6358:Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma
5609:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
5311:Beasly D (August 10, 2011).
5252:Bazell R (August 10, 2011).
5192:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002842
4921:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106090
4039:Journal of Clinical Oncology
3924:10.1182/blood-2017-09-806398
3572:10.1182/blood-2006-07-034256
3113:10.1182/blood-2007-11-126243
3096:"FMC7 is an epitope of CD20"
2865:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.03.002
2810:10.3324/haematol.2019.236000
2763:10.3109/10428194.2013.800197
2440:10.1097/PAS.0000000000001646
2331:Journal of Clinical Medicine
1319:Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
771:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
218:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
43:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
6410:Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
6283:Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma
5989:Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
5226:Palca J (August 11, 2011).
4970:10.3390/diagnostics11050853
4674:(20th ed.). New York.
4249:Gribben JG (January 2009).
4091:10.1056/NEJM200012143432402
3298:10.1182/blood.V46.2.219.219
1866:Hallek M (September 2017).
1275:chimeric antigen receptor T
1201:, 7% of cases are CLL/SLL.
913:bone marrow transplantation
614:clusters of differentiation
6646:
5454:10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.005
5388:10.1016/j.clml.2020.02.013
5051:Auer H (August 10, 2011).
5020:10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.09.013
4622:(Sixty-first ed.). .
4403:10.1016/j.blre.2008.03.006
4267:10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.10.022
4014:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1258
3973:10.1182/blood-2005-06-2395
3612:10.2353/jmoldx.2008.080033
3463:10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080037
2296:10.1007/s11912-022-01274-4
2158:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.09.006
1829:10.1186/s13045-021-01054-w
1761:Hallek M (November 2019).
1132:than treatment during the
896:is generally appropriate.
833:Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
742:
415:small lymphocytic lymphoma
159:acute lymphocytic leukemia
29:
5663:
4908:Environment International
4438:10.1038/s41571-019-0239-8
4220:10.1007/s11899-018-0481-7
3723:10.1016/j.hoc.2016.11.010
2912:Bain, Barbara J. (2006).
2533:10.1038/s41408-019-0237-1
2205:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0041
2093:Jaffe ES (January 2019).
1383:National Cancer Institute
1322:. CRC Press. p. 19.
1085:Stem cell transplantation
1051:phosphoinositide 3-kinase
1002:approved for CLL include
254:Enlargement of the spleen
244:swelling, feeling tired,
64:
55:
6562:Hematological malignancy
6415:Blastic NK cell lymphoma
6243:Granulomatous slack skin
5999:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
5898:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
4792:10.1182/blood.V100.2.635
3189:10.1309/AJCPMMLQ67YOMGEW
2988:10.1088/1478-3975/abbcc2
2284:Current Oncology Reports
1159:5-year relative survival
1039:Bruton's tyrosine kinase
463:Richter's transformation
431:chromosome abnormalities
413:CLL can be grouped with
4728:American Cancer Society
4345:Leukemia & Lymphoma
4051:10.1200/JCO.2005.12.051
3845:10.1073/pnas.79.14.4381
3687:10.1023/A:1008349422735
3521:10.1073/pnas.0304717101
2852:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
2751:Leukemia & Lymphoma
2673:Leukemia & Lymphoma
2493:10.1093/jnci/84.18.1422
1214:bone marrow transplants
1176:American Cancer Society
825:Prolymphocytic leukemia
739:Array-based karyotyping
4313:10.1038/sj.leu.2402905
2658:Richter transformation
2099:Seminars in Hematology
1222:Abramson Cancer Center
777:Differential diagnosis
604:
551:
510:Richter transformation
487:acute myeloid leukemia
475:lymphoblastic lymphoma
395:
146:Differential diagnosis
6441:Angiocentric lymphoma
6031:AIDS-related lymphoma
5855:Splenic marginal zone
5151:|...}}
5095:10.1056/NEJMoa1103849
3883:Contemporary Oncology
3794:"Hairy Cell Leukemia"
1055:monoclonal antibodies
950:chemotherapy regimens
629:antibody light chains
602:
543:
495:salivary gland tumors
455:hypogammaglobulinemia
393:
299:Those with a mutated
6539:with nodular pattern
6238:Pagetoid reticulosis
5850:marginal zone B-cell
5527:V10.60 204.1 V10.60
4594:bestpractice.bmj.com
4557:10.1038/leu.2017.221
4510:10.1038/leu.2008.399
2714:Swerdlow SH (2017).
2521:Blood Cancer Journal
1968:10.3390/cells9112398
1692:(10129): 1524â1537.
1605:(10053): 1459â1544.
1551:(10053): 1545â1602.
1471:10.1038/nrdp.2016.96
1124:likely to result in
811:Mantle cell lymphoma
713:Binet classification
645:mantle cell lymphoma
637:non-Hodgkin lymphoma
561:complete blood count
493:of the eye or skin,
6038:Helicobacter pylori
5865:Nodal marginal zone
5792:Hairy cell leukemia
5658:and related disease
5124:10.1056/NEJMx160005
4874:Turgeon ML (2005).
4171:(9747): 1164â1174.
3836:1982PNAS...79.4381L
3512:2004PNAS..101.1039S
3231:Williams Hematology
2426:Richter Syndrome".
2344:10.3390/jcm11164674
1644:Anticancer Research
1297:B-cell CLL/lymphoma
1220:Researchers at the
1208:Research directions
867:Hairy cell leukemia
827:(B cell or T cell)
818:Hairy cell leukemia
790:Follicular lymphoma
479:hairy cell leukemia
321:Early-stage CLL in
258:low red blood cells
155:hairy cell leukemia
32:B-cell CLL/lymphoma
6582:Lymphoid leukemias
6502:Leukemoid reaction
6338:Angioimmunoblastic
6004:Burkitt's lymphoma
5573:External resources
4753:Cancer Research UK
4261:(1 Suppl): 53â58.
3674:Annals of Oncology
3415:10.1002/cncr.23270
3258:. New York: Liss.
2627:10.1002/cncr.20773
1932:"Genes and Cancer"
1190:cells is unknown.
974:(fludarabine with
909:biological therapy
899:CLL is treated by
675:hepatosplenomegaly
660:Rai staging system
605:
552:
522:epigenetic changes
471:Hodgkin's lymphoma
396:
386:Signs and symptoms
380:Five-year survival
336:chemoimmunotherapy
318:and smudge cells.
193:Five-year survival
6590:
6589:
6515:
6514:
6455:
6454:
6389:
6388:
6317:
6316:
6233:Mycosis fungoides
6100:
6099:
5958:
5957:
5902:Nodular sclerosis
5817:follicular B cell
5618:
5617:
5014:(12): 2117â2125.
4885:978-0-7817-5007-3
4681:978-1-259-64403-0
4551:(10): 2251â2253.
4084:(24): 1750â1757.
4045:(18): 4079â4088.
3917:(25): 2745â2760.
3830:(14): 4381â4385.
3138:Leukemia Research
3075:(10): 1640â1645.
3031:(12): 1109â1115.
2931:978-1-4051-4265-6
2727:978-92-832-4494-3
2679:(10): 2348â2355.
2579:10.1111/his.13024
2565:central review".
2395:10.1002/ajh.25782
2388:(10): 1221â1223.
2071:10.1002/ajh.24282
1885:10.1002/ajh.24826
1780:10.1002/ajh.25595
1773:(11): 1266â1287.
1509:Ferri FF (2017).
1385:. 26 October 2017
1292:Virtual karyotype
1174:According to the
1000:Alkylating agents
931:Decision to treat
921:radiation therapy
905:radiation therapy
853:
852:
745:Virtual karyotype
530:hepatitis C virus
499:Kaposi's sarcomas
281:hepatitis C virus
215:
214:
134:Diagnostic method
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
6637:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6598:
6352:Lennert lymphoma
6218:
6149:
6111:
5976:Primary effusion
5709:
5698:
5665:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5622:
5486:
5474:
5473:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5382:(7): e414âe426.
5371:
5365:
5364:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5266:on March 5, 2013
5262:. Archived from
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5223:
5214:
5213:
5203:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5152:
5137:Retraction Watch
5116:
5106:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5031:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4972:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4923:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4819:Cleveland Clinic
4811:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4725:
4717:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4693:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4649:
4641:
4613:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4522:
4512:
4503:(6): 1062â1072.
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4351:(7): 1644â1649.
4339:
4333:
4332:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4142:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4016:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3926:
3902:
3891:
3890:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3857:
3847:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3565:(3): 1202â1210.
3550:
3544:
3543:
3533:
3523:
3506:(4): 1039â1044.
3491:
3485:
3484:
3474:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3417:
3408:(6): 1296â1305.
3393:
3387:
3386:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3226:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3144:(9): 1212â1216.
3132:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2999:
2976:Physical Biology
2967:
2961:
2960:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2919:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2843:
2832:
2831:
2821:
2804:(9): 2205â2217.
2789:
2783:
2782:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2629:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2573:(6): 1066â1076.
2561:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2451:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2397:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2290:(8): 1081â1090.
2279:
2270:
2269:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2029:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1681:
1660:
1659:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1450:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1334:
1333:
1313:
1119:During pregnancy
1019:Targeted therapy
1014:Targeted therapy
1008:cyclophosphamide
966:cyclophosphamide
894:watchful waiting
781:
757:Related diseases
732:Clinical stage C
726:Clinical stage B
720:Clinical stage A
683:thrombocytopenia
651:Clinical staging
483:T cell lymphomas
400:white blood cell
364:cyclophosphamide
238:white blood cell
173:Watchful waiting
121:Family history,
60:
40:
21:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6603:
6601:
6593:
6591:
6586:
6550:
6511:
6473:
6461:
6451:
6419:
6398:
6385:
6362:
6323:
6313:
6262:
6207:
6155:
6153:
6128:
6123:
6117:
6096:
6048:
5954:
5931:
5919:
5875:
5813:germinal center
5797:
5766:
5728:
5704:
5702:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5659:
5649:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5568:
5567:
5541:
5497:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5429:(Suppl 1): 428.
5416:
5415:
5411:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5267:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5225:
5224:
5217:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5154:
5146:
5140:
5118:(Erratum:
5117:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4841:Disease-a-Month
4838:
4837:
4833:
4823:
4821:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4734:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4694:
4682:
4667:
4666:
4659:
4642:
4630:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4598:
4596:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4476:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4432:(11): 684â701.
4423:
4422:
4418:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4125:(3): CD004270.
4112:
4111:
4107:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4035:
4034:
4030:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3904:
3903:
3894:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3778:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3653:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3314:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3214:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3018:
3017:
3013:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2845:
2844:
2835:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2728:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2012:(7): CD012022.
1999:
1998:
1994:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1865:
1864:
1855:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1734:(35): 164â175.
1729:
1728:
1721:
1683:
1682:
1663:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1452:
1451:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1416:seer.cancer.gov
1410:
1409:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1337:
1330:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1283:
1249:B cell receptor
1210:
1168:
1142:
1134:first trimester
1121:
1113:
1087:
1016:
946:
933:
890:
840:SĂ©zary syndrome
779:
759:
747:
741:
671:lymphadenopathy
653:
610:
608:Surface markers
574:
538:
518:
506:intussusception
451:
388:
232:makes too many
224:) is a type of
95:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6643:
6641:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6611:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6572:Leukemia cutis
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6465:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6327:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6252:SĂ©zary disease
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6226:
6224:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6199:
6187:
6186:
6183:Prolymphocytic
6173:
6159:
6157:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6138:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6034:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5979:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5943:
5941:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5905:
5894:
5892:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5841:
5840:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5808:
5806:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5783:
5781:Prolymphocytic
5777:
5775:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5752:
5739:
5737:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5717:
5715:
5706:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5661:
5660:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5625:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5600:
5589:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5554:
5543:
5529:
5514:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:Classification
5482:
5481:External links
5479:
5476:
5475:
5448:(7): 769â781.
5432:
5409:
5366:
5347:(3): 338â348.
5331:
5303:
5277:
5244:
5215:
5186:(95): 95ra73.
5166:
5089:(8): 725â733.
5069:
5043:
4994:
4943:
4894:
4884:
4866:
4847:(4): 153â167.
4831:
4806:
4785:(2): 635â639.
4765:
4740:
4709:
4680:
4657:
4628:
4605:
4578:
4534:
4483:
4459:
4416:
4397:(5): 247â259.
4378:
4334:
4307:(5): 841â848.
4290:
4241:
4214:(6): 525â533.
4198:
4154:
4105:
4064:
4028:
3987:
3966:(3): 885â891.
3946:
3892:
3869:
3810:
3785:
3761:
3754:
3736:
3717:(2): 273â283.
3701:
3680:(6): 649â653.
3660:
3635:
3606:(5): 442â451.
3586:
3545:
3486:
3437:
3388:
3361:(1): 198â206.
3344:
3312:
3291:(2): 219â234.
3271:
3264:
3246:
3240:978-0071621519
3239:
3212:
3163:
3127:
3086:
3058:
3011:
2962:
2956:978-1451172683
2955:
2937:
2930:
2904:
2879:
2858:(5): 651â664.
2833:
2784:
2757:(1): 160â167.
2741:
2726:
2706:
2662:
2649:
2620:(2): 216â228.
2600:
2567:Histopathology
2556:
2506:
2487:(18): 1422â7.
2471:
2434:(6): 773â786.
2417:
2368:
2317:
2271:
2228:
2179:
2136:
2085:
2064:(3): 330â340.
2041:
1992:
1941:
1923:
1912:www.cancer.org
1899:
1878:(9): 946â965.
1853:
1802:
1753:
1719:
1661:
1650:(2): 605â615.
1634:
1580:
1528:
1521:
1494:
1428:
1396:
1335:
1328:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1253:Syk inhibitors
1209:
1206:
1167:
1164:
1141:
1138:
1126:pregnancy loss
1120:
1117:
1112:
1111:Refractory CLL
1109:
1086:
1083:
1053:), as well as
1015:
1012:
986:
985:
979:
969:
945:
942:
932:
929:
889:
886:
872:
871:
864:
851:
850:
843:
842:
836:
835:
829:
828:
821:
820:
814:
813:
807:
806:
800:
799:
793:
792:
786:
785:
778:
775:
758:
755:
743:Main article:
740:
737:
736:
735:
729:
723:
710:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
652:
649:
609:
606:
582:flow cytometer
578:flow cytometry
573:
570:
566:flow cytometry
537:
534:
517:
514:
450:
447:
435:gene mutations
387:
384:
348:BTK inhibitors
308:
307:
306:Those without.
304:
279:, exposure to
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
203:904,000 (2015)
201:
197:
196:
190:
184:
183:
170:
166:
165:
148:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
119:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:: Non-painful
89:
83:
82:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6642:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6610:
6600:
6596:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6479:Lymphocytosis
6476:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6458:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6396:
6392:
6381:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6333:Hepatosplenic
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6320:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6178:prolymphocyte
6175:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6150:
6147:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6087:Plasmacytosis
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6043:MALT lymphoma
6040:
6039:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5846:marginal zone
5843:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5699:
5696:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5370:
5367:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5335:
5332:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5307:
5304:
5292:
5288:
5281:
5278:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5248:
5245:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5167:
5158:
5150:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5070:
5058:
5054:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4947:
4944:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4832:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4766:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4629:9781264269389
4625:
4621:
4620:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4538:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4484:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4391:Blood Reviews
4385:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4338:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3811:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3755:9780071802161
3751:
3747:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3661:
3650:on 2011-07-07
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3345:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3265:9780845126585
3261:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2982:(1): 011001.
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2908:
2905:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:Haematologica
2795:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
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2089:
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2081:
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2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1913:
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1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
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1869:
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1522:9780323529570
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1260:entospletinib
1257:
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1223:
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1130:birth defects
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1108:
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1040:
1036:
1035:acalabrutinib
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557:lymphocytosis
550:
549:H&E stain
546:
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527:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:, high grade
480:
476:
472:
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464:
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456:
449:Complications
448:
446:
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440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
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371:
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365:
361:
357:
356:acalabrutinib
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:immunotherapy
329:
324:
319:
317:
313:
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302:
298:
297:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
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251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:in which the
227:
223:
219:
211:60,700 (2015)
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
189:
185:
182:
181:immunotherapy
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Mononucleosis
149:
147:
143:
140:
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135:
131:
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124:
120:
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114:
111:Older than 50
110:
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6082:Plasmacytoma
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5963:By infection
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5316:
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5280:
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5264:the original
5257:
5247:
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5183:
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5046:
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4752:
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4593:
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4471:
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3773:
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3648:the original
3638:
3603:
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3558:
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3503:
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3454:
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3230:
3183:(1): 75â85.
3180:
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3141:
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2891:
2882:
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2851:
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2797:
2787:
2754:
2750:
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2105:(1): 30â36.
2102:
2098:
2088:
2061:
2057:
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2005:
1995:
1961:(11): 2398.
1958:
1954:
1944:
1926:
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1911:
1902:
1875:
1871:
1819:
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1462:
1458:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1387:. Retrieved
1382:
1318:
1311:
1272:
1256:fostamatinib
1251:signalling.
1246:
1242:
1230:gene therapy
1219:
1211:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1173:
1169:
1166:Epidemiology
1145:
1143:
1122:
1114:
1088:
1071:obinutuzumab
1029:inhibitor),
1017:
1004:bendamustine
998:
994:
990:chlorambucil
987:
981:
971:
957:
948:Combination
947:
944:Chemotherapy
938:
934:
925:
901:chemotherapy
898:
891:
873:
854:
768:
760:
748:
731:
725:
719:
712:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
666:
659:
658:
654:
611:
594:cytoskeleton
592:, a type of
586:
575:
553:
526:Agent Orange
519:
503:
452:
412:
397:
372:
328:chemotherapy
323:asymptomatic
320:
309:
277:sun exposure
273:insecticides
269:Agent Orange
266:
250:night sweats
221:
217:
216:
177:chemotherapy
127:insecticides
123:Agent Orange
117:Risk factors
96:
91:
6249:aggressive:
6222:MF+variants
5761:Mantle cell
5756:mantle zone
5582:MedlinePlus
5442:Cytotherapy
4957:Diagnostics
4520:2434/663837
4007:(1): 6â14.
3889:(3): 24â36.
2449:2268/289883
1421:9 September
1389:19 December
1079:alemtuzumab
962:fludarabine
917:splenectomy
877:pathologist
870:expression.
846:Smoldering
408:lymph nodes
404:lymphocytes
360:fludarabine
316:lymphocytes
312:blood tests
293:blood cells
236:(a type of
234:lymphocytes
230:bone marrow
139:Blood tests
108:Usual onset
101:lymph nodes
48:Other names
6619:Categories
6325:peripheral
5822:Follicular
5652:Leukaemias
5558:DiseasesDB
5324:August 12,
5296:August 12,
5270:August 12,
5237:August 12,
5062:August 12,
4963:(5): 853.
4914:: 106090.
4758:27 October
4690:1029074059
4638:1264228575
4599:2021-11-29
4477:2020-12-07
3779:2016-11-18
3654:2009-02-04
3339:2023-01-29
2854:(Review).
2736:1011064243
2527:(10): 75.
1917:2021-11-29
1303:References
1268:venetoclax
1180:prevalence
1094:allogeneic
1067:ofatumumab
1043:idelalisib
1023:venetoclax
619:(CD5) and
545:Micrograph
427:monoclonal
271:, certain
242:lymph node
125:, certain
76:Hematology
6460:Lymphoid+
6230:indolent:
6213:Cutaneous
6054:Cutaneous
5832:GCB DLBCL
5827:Burkitt's
5656:lymphomas
5593:eMedicine
5470:174808115
5404:213941348
5141:. If the
4938:221748665
4698:cite book
4646:cite book
4454:195804409
3941:206956090
3432:205651767
2779:207510537
2595:205171057
2466:232301854
2412:212677249
2312:247975378
2244:: 67â74.
1822:(1): 69.
1797:199000131
1465:: 16096.
1264:ibrutinib
1238:remission
1184:incidence
1140:Prognosis
1063:rituximab
1047:duvelisib
1031:ibrutinib
976:rituximab
888:Treatment
700:Stage III
694:Stage II:
633:clonality
536:Diagnosis
368:rituximab
352:ibrutinib
200:Frequency
195:~88% (US)
188:Prognosis
169:Treatment
71:Specialty
6609:Medicine
6567:leukemia
6125:leukemia
6120:lymphoma
5679:leukemia
5674:lymphoma
5462:31160157
5396:32291235
5361:25050922
5259:NBC News
5210:21832238
5132:26962747
5113:21830940
5038:27660167
4989:34068813
4930:32932064
4861:22449365
4801:12091358
4732:Archived
4565:28745332
4545:Leukemia
4529:19340005
4497:Leukemia
4446:31278397
4411:18472198
4373:54544330
4365:30516079
4329:10144544
4321:12750695
4301:Leukemia
4285:19147079
4236:54473182
4228:30535947
4193:28834830
4185:20888994
4149:16856041
4100:11114313
4059:15767648
4023:12393429
3982:16219797
3933:29540348
3774:icgc.org
3731:28340878
3696:10442186
3630:18687794
3581:17053054
3540:14730057
3481:19074592
3424:18246537
3383:38619478
3207:22180480
3158:19230971
3122:18263793
3069:Leukemia
3053:30952923
3045:27169754
3006:32992303
2874:29728204
2828:33054046
2771:23647060
2701:73483725
2693:30773964
2644:21552054
2636:15578683
2587:27345622
2551:31570695
2458:33739791
2404:32162729
2363:36012912
2304:35384590
2266:52963674
2258:30308438
2223:30855005
2174:52892403
2166:30268574
2131:30573042
2080:26690614
2036:32735048
1987:33147729
1936:Archived
1894:28782884
1848:33902665
1789:31364186
1748:25993154
1706:29477250
1656:19331210
1629:27733281
1575:27733282
1489:28102226
1281:See also
1155:deletion
1057:against
706:Stage IV
590:vimentin
491:melanoma
350:such as
340:del(17p)
87:Symptoms
80:oncology
6555:General
6462:myeloid
6424:T or NK
6395:NK cell
5749:CLL/SLL
5598:med/370
5552:D015451
5538:M9823/3
5318:Reuters
5201:3393096
5157:erratum
5149:erratum
5143:erratum
5104:3387277
5029:5116249
4980:8151186
4573:6542508
4276:2668540
4140:8407449
3864:6812046
3832:Bibcode
3803:24 July
3621:2518739
3508:Bibcode
3472:2607562
3375:7237385
3307:1139039
3198:4090220
3081:7523797
2997:8240483
2819:7556519
2542:6768881
2501:1512794
2354:9410146
2214:6415618
2152:: 2â6.
2122:7394061
2027:8078230
1978:7693361
1839:8074228
1714:3517733
1620:5388903
1566:5055577
1480:5336551
1234:T cells
1224:of the
1197:Of all
1151:trisomy
688:Stage I
667:Stage 0
6595:Portal
6399:(most
6375:HTLV-1
6267:Non-MF
6156:marker
6129:(most
6115:T cell
5787:CD11c+
5705:marker
5683:(most
5669:B cell
5587:000532
5468:
5460:
5402:
5394:
5359:
5208:
5198:
5130:
5126:,
5111:
5101:
5036:
5026:
4987:
4977:
4936:
4928:
4882:
4859:
4824:9 July
4799:
4688:
4678:
4636:
4626:
4571:
4563:
4527:
4452:
4444:
4409:
4371:
4363:
4327:
4319:
4283:
4273:
4234:
4226:
4191:
4183:
4165:Lancet
4147:
4137:
4098:
4057:
4021:
3980:
3939:
3931:
3862:
3855:346675
3852:
3752:
3729:
3694:
3628:
3618:
3579:
3538:
3531:327147
3528:
3479:
3469:
3430:
3422:
3402:Cancer
3381:
3373:
3355:Cancer
3305:
3262:
3237:
3205:
3195:
3156:
3120:
3079:
3051:
3043:
3004:
2994:
2953:
2928:
2897:9 July
2872:
2826:
2816:
2777:
2769:
2734:
2724:
2699:
2691:
2642:
2634:
2614:Cancer
2593:
2585:
2549:
2539:
2499:
2464:
2456:
2410:
2402:
2361:
2351:
2310:
2302:
2264:
2256:
2221:
2211:
2172:
2164:
2129:
2119:
2078:
2034:
2024:
1985:
1975:
1892:
1846:
1836:
1795:
1787:
1746:
1712:
1704:
1686:Lancet
1654:
1627:
1617:
1599:Lancet
1573:
1563:
1545:Lancet
1519:
1487:
1477:
1326:
1073:) and
679:anemia
625:clonal
497:, and
433:, and
423:B-cell
366:, and
285:B cell
262:anemia
226:cancer
208:Deaths
94:: None
6322:Other
6192:CD30+
5938:CD138
5909:CD20+
5803:CD79a
5540:(CLL)
5533:ICD-O
5512:C91.1
5466:S2CID
5423:Blood
5400:S2CID
5291:WebMD
5153:with
4934:S2CID
4779:Blood
4735:(PDF)
4724:(PDF)
4569:S2CID
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