489:), which Wanqiu was a part of. When he was young, there was an occasion when he was to be executed for an offense, and he asked to be buried under a part of the city wall that had tilted, so that his body would not be uncovered. The executioner agreed and was set to move his execution to just next to the city wall to facilitate the burial. However, at that time, a high-level officer was holding a feast and sitting with his favorite servant girl; the officer wanted someone to sing for them during the feast, and the servant girl, who was acquainted with Fu, stated, "Fu Cun often sang for me, and he sang well." The officer sent a messenger to summon Fu, and Fu, with the execution having been moved, was not yet executed. Fu sang well at the feast, and was spared.
1004:), putting Zhou under siege inside the city. Li Cunxu originally hesitated at launching an army to save Zhou, given that the Yellow River border with Later Liang was a new one and Later Liang forces were still in the vicinity. It was at the urging of Li Cunshen, Li Siyuan, and Yan that he decided to send them north to confront Khitan forces. They defeated Khitan forces near You Prefecture and forced them to flee, lifting the siege on You Prefecture. (Still, it was said that this Khitan incursion dealt a heavy blow to Lulong Circuit, which from this point on was periodically subject to damaging Khitan incursions.)
1117:
requests through his wife Lady Guo, but Guo
Chongtao, who was jealous of Li Cunshen, repeatedly had the requests suppressed. Only in spring 924, when Li Cunshen was seriously ill, was the request approved, along with a new commission as the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit. Before Li Cunshen could leave Lulong, however, his illness grew worse, and he died at You Prefecture. Emperor Zhuangzong gave him posthumous honors and, per his dying request, had him buried at Taiyuan.
934:), kidnapping He Delun and forcing him to submit to Jin. Hearing of what happened at Tianxiong, Li Cunxu proceeded quickly toward Wei Prefecture, joining forces with Li Cunshen to Linqing (臨清, in modern Lintai). Li Cunxu subsequently entered Wei Prefecture and took over the military governorship of Tianxiong himself. Li Cunshen engaged in several subsequent major battles with the Later Liang general
1051:) and Qicheng (戚城, in modern Puyang as well) respectively and then pretended to withdraw to lure Later Liang forces under Dai. When Dai attacked, Li Cunxu himself (along with Li Siyuan and Li Cunshen) defeated him. This victory allowed Li Cunxu himself to leave the front and go to the Zhao front himself. In 922, Dai, hearing that Li Cunxu had left to siege Zhao's capital Zhen Prefecture (
22:
703:) and who accepted Ding's surrender (as Ding had by that point become disaffected with Zhu due to Zhu's assassination of Emperor Zhaozong in 905) — by this point, Li Cunshen was apparently the deputy commander of all Han and non-Han cavalry and infantry forces directly under Li Keyong, with Li Sizhao serving as the commander of all Han and non-Han cavalry and infantry forces.
820:), and Li Sigong (李嗣肱, another adoptive son of Li Keyong's), eventually misleading Emperor Taizu into believing Li Cunxu and the main Jin forces were at the front and that he was nearing defeat, causing him to withdraw in a panic and ending his attempt to save Yan. As a result of this victory, Li Cunshen was made the military prefect (團練使,
1019:), Jin forces were initially routed and suffered heavy damage (with Zhou killed in the battle), although it subsequently recovered somewhat and dealt heavy damage to Later Liang forces as well, avoiding a complete disaster. After Zhou's death, Li Cunxu transferred Zhou's title as the overseer of all Han and non-Han to Li Cunshen.
889:) to attack Zhu Youqian, Zhu Youqian submitted to Jin and requested immediate aid. Li Cunxu sent Li Cunshen, Li Sigong, and Li Si'en (李嗣恩, another adoptive son of Li Keyong's) to aid Zhu Youqian; they had some victories over Later Liang forces, and after Li Cunxu himself joined them, Later Liang forces withdrew from Huguo.
948:), the Later Liang military governor of Baoyi Circuit (保義, headquartered at Xing Prefecture) subsequently surrendered the circuit, Li Cunxu made Li Cunshen the military governor of a new Anguo Circuit, headquartered at Xing Prefecture. After the Later Liang military governor of Shunhua Circuit (順化, headquartered in modern
790:
the Prince of Zhao, who was under attack by Later Liang forces, he put Li
Cunshen in charge of Taiyuan. After defeating Later Liang forces, Li Cunxu put Li Cunshen in charge of the defense of the new southeastern border between Jin/Zhao and Later Liang, stationed at Zhao Prefecture (趙州, in modern
698:
and Li
Cunshen to attack Wang. When Liu subsequently came to Wang's aid, however, Wang was able to escape; angry over Wang's escape. Li Keyong caned both Li Sizhao and Li Cunshen and stripped them of their posts. However, the posts appeared to have been subsequently restored, as in 906, Li Sizhao
1120:
It was said that Li
Cunshen often warned his sons not to take their high status for granted, pointing out to them that he grew up in a low social station and had to fight his way to the top, stating that arrows had to be removed from his body more than 100 times — and showing them the arrowheads,
1116:
Meanwhile, Li
Cunshen was distressed that, despite being the most senior among Later Tang generals, he was the only main one who did not participate in the conquest of the Later Liang capital. He repeatedly requested to get a chance to pay homage to Emperor Zhuangzong again, including making the
567:
As Li
Cunshen served under Li Keyong, he was said to draw more and more of Li Keyong's favor due to his bravery in battle and his careful speaking. He often accompanied Li Keyong on his campaigns and distinguished himself during them. During the campaign against
539:), and Fu followed him to serve as a minor officer at Heyang; Fu subsequently distinguished himself in battles against Qin's army. After Zhuge's death, Li Hanzhi was forced by Zhuge's other subordinates to become the defender of Huai Prefecture (懷州, in modern
583:), Li Keyong deployed the tactic of facing Li Kuangchou's army headfirst himself, while having Li Cunshen circle around and attack Li Kuangchou's army in the back, leading to a rout of Li Kuangchou's army and Li Kuangchou's subsequent flight and death.
667:) surrendered Fen Prefecture to Zhu; after Zhu's subsequent withdrawal, Li Keyong sent Li Cunshen to attack Li Tang; Li Cunshen took Fen in three days, capturing and executing Li Tang. He was then made the commander of Li Keyong's infantry guards.
960:
subsequently abandoned
Shunhua, Li Cunxu made Li Cunshen the military governor of Henghai Circuit (橫海, i.e., Shunhua, which was originally named Henghai during Tang times). By this point, Jin had taken all of Later Liang territory north of the
902:), died. Zhu Zhen, believing that the Weibo army was difficult to control and needed to have its influence reduced, divided Tianxiong into two circuits, with three of its six prefectures, including Tianxiong's capital Wei Prefecture (
1039:, who took over the Zhao realms, changed his name back to the original name of Zhang Wenli, and slaughtered the Wang clan. Li Cunxu subsequently prepared for a campaign against Zhang Wenli (who soon died and was succeeded by his son
810:— Later Liang's Emperor Taizu decided to try to come to Liu Shouguang's rescue by attacking Jin and Zhao from the south. Li Cunshen, whose forces were far outnumbered by Later Liang forces under Emperor Taizu himself and his general
1070:) opened the city gates and welcomed Jin forces in, allowing Li Cunshen to capture it, putting Zhang Chujin and his brothers to death. For this victory, Li Cunshen received the greater honorary chancellor title of
1064:(another adoptive son of Li Keyong's)) either defeated or killed in battle during the siege. In fall 922, Li Cunxu made Li Cunshen the overall commander of the Zhen operations. Zhang Chujin's officer Li Zaifeng (
1028:), and Li Cunxian (李存賢, another adoptive son of Li Keyong's) to aid Zhu Youqian. They were successful in repelling Liu. (On this mission, Li Cunshen made an incursion into Later Liang territory as far as the
714:
with him as its
Emperor Taizu. Li Keyong, who carried the Tang-bestowed title of Prince of Jin, refused to recognize the new Later Liang emperor (as did several other major warlords —
559:) instead. Li Keyong adopted him as a son and changed his name to Li Cunshen; he became a commander of the wing of Li Keyong's army that Li Keyong put his adoptive sons in charge of.
1447:
called this individual Li Cunzhi, the real Li Cunzhi was already dead in 908. The description of Cizhou prefect (慈州刺史) matches that of another adopted son, Li
Cunxian, perfectly.
521:, who had declared himself emperor of a new state centered around nearby Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Zhumadian), Li Hanzhi abandoned Guang Prefecture and joined the army of
1060:
Zhang Chujin's mutineers turned out to be much more challenging to defeat than Li Cunxu anticipated, with several successive Jin commanders of the siege (Yan, Li Sizhao, and
760:
commanded the subsequent successful relief mission to Lu, and Li
Cunshen served under Zhou during the battle. After the battle, he was given the honorary title of acting
1057:), launched another major attack on Desheng. Li Cunshen defended the city, and Dai was unable to capture it. Li Cunxu subsequently came to his aid, and Dai withdrew.
1669:
1674:
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the Prince of Bo who had carried out the assassination but who had been executed). The Later Liang military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern
840:), and Ci (磁州, also in modern Handan) Prefectures (which were not yet under Jin control at that time). Later, at Li Cunxu's direction, Li Cunshen took his ethnic
1113:, whose defeat left Daliang defenseless. Zhu Zhen committed suicide, ending Later Liang and allowing Later Tang to take over the rest of Later Liang territory.
1634:
1619:
509:, who was also from Chen Prefecture and who had been an agrarian rebel, became a Tang general and was made the prefect of Guang Prefecture (光州, in modern
1095:
Shortly after Li Cunshen was commissioned as the military governor of Lulong, Li Cunxu declared himself emperor, as the successor to Tang, establishing
750:
One of the first crises that Li Cunxu had to deal with was the siege that Later Liang forces were conducting against Zhaoyi's capital Lu Prefecture (
694:
the military governor of Lulong (who had been a vassal of Li Keyong's but who had by that point turned against Li Keyong), Li Keyong sent his nephew
1599:
1594:
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786:) and the deputy overseer of all Han and non-Han. That year, when Li Cunxu himself went to the rescue of the former Later Liang vassal
896:, Yang, who had been the military governor of the powerful Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern Handan, also known as Weibo (
1007:
In late 918, Li Cunxu decided to, against Zhou's advice, launch a major attack across the Yellow River against Later Liang's capital
1654:
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733:. In effect, however, he was the ruler of his own state of Jin by this point. In 908, Li Keyong died and was succeeded by his son
105:
928:) as its military governor. The Tianxiong forces did not want to be divided, and they mutinied under the leadership of Zhang Yan (
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632:) (after Li Hanzhi, who was by that point serving under Li Keyong as well, had seized Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
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505:, the Tang realm was overrun by agrarian rebels, and Fu led a group of locals in defending the prefecture. Later, when
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1109:). Later in the year, he launched a surprise attack on Daliang after defeating and capturing the Later Liang general
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and later served in a number of major campaigns under the reign of Li Keyong's son (Li Cunshen's adoptive brother)
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the Prince of Ying, and Zhu Yougui took over the throne (after claiming that instead, it was his adoptive brother
814:, tricked the Later Liang forces by dividing his troops into multiple groups, commanded by himself, Shi Jiantang (
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Fu Cun was said to be magnanimous and just in his youth, and was capable of military strategies. Late in the
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In 923, when Khitan was again attacking You Prefecture, Li Cunxu, at the suggestion of his chief of staff
723:
602:), Li Cunshen was instrumental in defeating Jingnan's elite troops and capturing Longquan (龍泉寨, in modern
502:
464:
1087:, despite the fact that Li Cunshen was ill at the time, made Li Cunshen the military governor of Lulong.
995:
935:
850:) cavalry soldiers to reinforce Zhou's troops. (Without Later Liang aid, Yan eventually fell in 913.)
572:, for example, he fought hard and suffered a number of wounds, which Li Keyong personally attended to.
54:
807:
640:), turned against Li Keyong, and submitted to Zhu), Li Cunshen defeated the Xuanwu general He Delun (
1043:). As part of his preparation, he had Li Cunshen and Li Siyuan stationed at Desheng (德勝, in modern
776:) and the commander of all Han and non-Han cavalry and infantry forces. In 910, he was made acting
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517:), Fu went to join Li Hanzhi's army. Later, when Li Hanzhi was pressured by the renegade general
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which he had preserved, as proof. Several of his sons became important generals, including
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In 901, when Zhu launched a major attack on Li Keyong and nearly captured Hedong's capital
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In 920, when Liu Xun was attacking Huguo, Li Cunxu sent Li Cunshen, Li Sizhao, Li Jianji (
841:
236:
126:
873:, did not believe Zhu Yougui and resisted Zhu Yougui's subsequent summons to the capital
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and Li Cunshen were the ones attacking Zhaoyi (which had been taken by Zhu's subordinate
371:
908:), governed by He Delun, and with the other prefectures made into a new Zhaode Circuit (
79:
1519:
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In 895, when Li Keyong, under the directives of Emperor Xizong's brother and successor
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and Later Tang's predecessor state Jin. He was an adoptive son of Jin's first prince
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region and offered tributes to the tombs of the Tang emperors before withdrawing.)
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547:) and Li Hanzhi's soldiers were distributed. Fu thereafter went to the domain of
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as its Emperor Zhuangzong. He gave Li Cunshen the honorary chancellor title of
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In 915, by which time Zhu Yougui had been killed and replaced by his brother
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In 912, when Li Cunxu sent Zhou to attack Liu Rengong's son and successor
1016:
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620:). In a subsequent campaign between Li Keyong and Li Keyong's archrival
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the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern
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Late in 912, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu was assassinated by his son
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as the Prince of Jin. Li Cunshen continued to serve under Li Cunxu.
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the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
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the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern
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the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
938:, who was trying to recapture Tianxiong, defeating Liu (along with
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877:. When Zhu Yougui subsequently sent the generals Kang Huaizhen (
436:), was a Chinese military general, politician, and singer of the
1223:
1012:
966:
481:) was an officer for the army of Chen Prefecture (陳州, in modern
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itself. In a subsequent battle at Huliu Slope (胡柳陂, in modern
990:
The Jin victories were then tempered by the news, in 917, that
15:
710:
to yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new
806:— who had declared himself the emperor of a new state of
768:), and made the prefect of Xin Prefecture (忻州, in modern
706:
In 907, Zhu forced Emperor Zhaozong's son and successor
1035:
In 921, Wang Rong was assassinated by his adoptive son
376:
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914:), headquartered at Xiang Prefecture (相州, in modern
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era (874-879) of Emperor Yizong's son and successor
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726:the Prince of Shu) and continued to use the Tang
531:) of Heyang Circuit (河陽, headquartered in modern
973:). Li Cunxu subsequently bestowed the honorary
756:), defended by Li Sizhao. Li Cunxu himself and
676:), an officer at Yun Prefecture (雲州, in modern
659:) the prefect of Fen Prefecture (汾州, in modern
653:Municipality, Li Keyong's subordinate Li Tang (
1125:, whose honored status persisted to the early
413:), often referred to in historical sources as
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467:. His family was from Wanqiu (宛丘, in modern
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463:Fu Cun was born in 862, during the reign of
942:and Li Cunxu himself). After the Yan Bao (
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1635:Jin (Later Tang precursor) musicians
220:Military general, politician, singer
1620:Jin (Later Tang precursor) jiedushi
684:), killed Yun's prefect Liu Zaili (
1224:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
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1508:New History of the Five Dynasties
1237:New History of the Five Dynasties
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718:the Prince of Hongnong,
298:Traditional Chinese
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832:), Ming (洺州, in modern
563:Service under Li Keyong
525:the military governor (
493:Service under Li Hanzhi
320:Simplified Chinese
1665:Tang dynasty musicians
741:Service under Li Cunxu
722:the Prince of Qi, and
465:Emperor Yizong of Tang
31:relies excessively on
206:Fu Yanneng (符彥能), son
194:Fu Yanchao (符彥超), son
1650:Later Tang musicians
1605:Chinese male singers
1133:Notes and references
209:Fu Yanlin (符彥琳), son
197:Fu Yanrao (符彥饒), son
1640:Later Tang jiedushi
1610:Generals from Henan
922:), with Zhang Yun (
690:) and submitted to
1660:Singers from Henan
883:) and Niu Cunjie (
766:Three Excellencies
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1102:
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1098:
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804:Liu Shouguang
800:
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57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
39:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
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17:
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1127:Song Dynasty
1119:
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1085:Guo Chongtao
1082:
1071:
1059:
1041:Zhang Chujin
1034:
1021:
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989:
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963:Yellow River
891:
852:
821:
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793:Shijiazhuang
777:
761:
749:
730:
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669:
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611:
585:
577:Li Kuangchou
574:
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526:
523:Zhuge Shuang
519:Qin Zongquan
498:
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427:
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394:
393:
358:Hanyu Pinyin
178:June 16, 924
134:(originally
130:
123:Chinese name
118:Tang general
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
55:"Li Cunshen"
50:
30:
1037:Wang Deming
871:Zhu Youqian
822:Tuanlianshi
812:Yang Shihou
712:Later Liang
692:Liu Rengong
592:Wang Xingyu
590:, attacked
268:: Déxiáng (
228:Fu Chu (符楚)
127:family name
1590:924 deaths
1585:862 births
1579:Categories
1443:While the
1123:Fu Yanqing
1097:Later Tang
975:chancellor
958:Dai Siyuan
859:Zhu Youwen
855:Zhu Yougui
844:and Qibi (
758:Zhou Dewei
746:During Jin
720:Li Maozhen
708:Emperor Ai
570:Helian Duo
459:Background
445:Later Tang
415:Fu Cunshen
395:Li Cunshen
372:Wade–Giles
364:Lǐ Cúnshěn
288:Li Cunshen
250:Given name
217:Occupation
201:Fu Yanqing
147:Li Cunshen
66:newspapers
33:references
1062:Li Cunjin
1030:Guanzhong
940:Li Siyuan
788:Wang Rong
724:Wang Jian
696:Li Sizhao
612:Zuo Pushe
549:Li Keyong
507:Li Hanzhi
483:Zhumadian
449:Li Keyong
233:Full name
96:June 2020
1523:, vols.
1485:vol. 272
1466:vol. 271
1432:vol. 270
1413:vol. 269
1394:vol. 268
1373:vol. 267
1357:vol. 266
1338:vol. 265
1322:vol. 264
1306:vol. 262
1290:vol. 261
1274:vol. 260
1258:vol. 259
1160:vol. 273
1072:Shizhong
1017:Shandong
984:同中書門下平章事
950:Cangzhou
894:Zhu Zhen
863:Yuncheng
735:Li Cunxu
728:era name
701:Ding Hui
634:Changzhi
596:Xianyang
528:Jiedushi
453:Li Cunxu
443:dynasty
188:Children
121:In this
1513:vol. 25
1501:vol. 56
1242:vol. 25
1209:vol. 56
1009:Daliang
936:Liu Xun
875:Luoyang
842:Tuyuhun
826:Xingtai
770:Xinzhou
731:Tianyou
716:Yang Wo
661:Lüliang
651:Taiyuan
626:Kaifeng
608:Shaanxi
600:Shaanxi
581:Beijing
553:Taiyuan
541:Luoyang
533:Jiaozuo
511:Xinyang
469:Zhoukou
438:Chinese
428:Dexiang
252:: Cún (
237:Surname
182:Beijing
180:modern
165:Zhoukou
80:scholar
1045:Puyang
992:Khitan
916:Anyang
867:Shanxi
834:Handan
778:Taibao
774:Shanxi
682:Shanxi
678:Datong
665:Shanxi
638:Shanxi
604:Weinan
557:Shanxi
499:Qianfu
405:Fu Cun
239:: Fú (
225:Father
125:, the
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1049:Henan
971:Henan
954:Hebei
920:Henan
838:Hebei
830:Hebei
797:Hebei
630:Henan
545:Henan
537:Henan
515:Henan
487:Henan
473:Henan
203:, son
169:Henan
87:JSTOR
73:books
1013:Heze
967:Hebi
762:Situ
175:Died
158:Born
59:news
1569:273
1565:272
1561:271
1557:270
1553:269
1549:268
1545:267
1541:264
1537:262
1533:261
1529:260
1525:259
1106:中書令
1080:).
1067:李再豐
1025:李建及
994:'s
956:),
899:魏博)
886:牛存節
880:康懷貞
869:),
817:史建瑭
808:Yan
799:).
687:劉再立
673:王敬暉
646:).
643:賀德倫
617:左僕射
423:),
420:符存審
400:李存審
129:is
35:to
1581::
1567:,
1563:,
1559:,
1555:,
1551:,
1547:,
1543:,
1539:,
1535:,
1531:,
1527:,
1511:,
1499:,
1483:,
1473:^
1464:,
1452:^
1430:,
1420:^
1411:,
1401:^
1392:,
1380:^
1371:,
1355:,
1345:^
1336:,
1320:,
1304:,
1288:,
1272:,
1256:,
1240:,
1207:,
1167:^
1158:,
1140:^
1129:.
1077:侍中
1054:鎮州
1047:,
1015:,
1001:幽州
969:,
952:,
945:閻寶
931:張彥
925:張筠
918:,
911:昭德
905:魏州
865:,
847:契苾
836:,
828:,
795:,
783:太保
772:,
753:潞州
680:,
663:,
656:李塘
636:,
628:,
606:,
598:,
555:,
543:,
535:,
513:,
485:,
478:符楚
471:,
433:德詳
410:符存
167:,
136:Fu
132:Li
46:.
1571:.
1515:.
1503:.
1487:.
1468:.
1434:.
1415:.
1396:.
1375:.
1359:.
1340:.
1324:.
1308:.
1292:.
1276:.
1260:.
1244:.
1226:.
1211:.
1162:.
1103:(
1074:(
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407:(
397:(
333:审
330:存
327:李
311:審
308:存
305:李
275:)
273:詳
270:德
263:)
261:審
258:存
254:存
247:)
245:李
241:符
140:.
138:)
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
40:.
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