183:"Life stance" - The style and content of an individual's or a community's relationship with that which is of ultimate importance; the presuppositions and commitments of this, and the consequences for living which flow from it. (Each individual or community hopes that it has come to a good and well-founded relationship, but the word is usually used without implying that this really is so).
443:
many substantial and important questions on how we should develop
Humanism. Likewise, our discussions with the god-religious are confused and frustrated. We need a new term for the idea and ideal of religion, opened out so that it is not discriminatory. Let this be "life stance". Could we, perhaps, bury the hatchet of "religion" and work together?
442:
Humanists are divided into two camps... according to how they respond to the word "religion". Do they... respond negatively or positively? The ferocity of the antipathy on the one hand, and the power of the concern on the other, that is generated by this word quite obliterates reasoned discussion of
614:
Barnes (2008, p. 75), notes that the controversy reached
Parliament. Hull (1984, p. 111) notes that "an attempt was made in the spring of 1976 to introduce a Private Members Bill into the House of Commons which would have replaced religious education by 'Education in Stances for Living'". The Bill
437:
is an example of life stance which may be considered to be religious (usually in a non-theistic, ethical sense) or non-religious or anti-religious. One of Stopes-Roe's reasons for advocating the adoption of "life stance" as a label for the
Humanist movement, was his hope that it would end the
678:
Stopes-Roe (1988a, p. 21) commented that "I have found the degree of opposition to the term "life stance" among
Humanists more surprising than the religionist's objection." See also the overview of the debate between Walter (1988a and 1988b) and Stopes-Roe (1988a and 1988b) in Fowler (1999
166:"Life stance" is an expression that has been current in Britain for more than ten years and is now gaining acceptance worldwide, to describe what is good in both Humanism and religion – without being encumbered by what is bad in religion.
592:
On "life stance education" see Stopes-Roe (1976), and Stopes-Roe (1983). Compare with the advocacy of "Education in Life
Stances" in Cox (1975), on which also see Greer (1985, pp. 16–17)). The British Humanist Association pamphlet,
605:, dated 7 May 1974: "it introduces the new term "stance for living". (British Humanist Association, 1975, p. 15). For the related "life stance education" offered to non-religious pupils in Finland, see Slotte (2008).
199:
A collective belief that attains a sufficient level of cogency, seriousness, cohesion and importance and that relates the nature of life and the world to morality, values and/or the way its believers should
195:
The
British Humanist Association, drawing in part on jurisprudence related to the term "religion or belief" in the European Convention on Human Rights, has put forward a more analytical definition:
438:
arguments between the different sides as to how best to characterise their position (note that Stopes-Roe uses the term "god-religious" to distinguish theists from non-theists in what follows):
144:
It was the first syllabus to abandon the aim of
Christian nurture and to embrace a multi-faith, phenomenological model of religious education; and it was also the first syllabus to require a
633:
Stopes-Roe's advocacy of the term outside the literature of religious education was first published as Stopes-Roe (1987), but the article was in circulation at a Board meeting of the
615:
was published in "Objective, Fair and
Balanced – a new law for religion in education", written by Harry Stopes-Roe and David Pollock for the British Humanist Association (1975)
336:. Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be
768:
Barnes, L. Philip (2008). "The 2007 Birmingham Agreed
Syllabus for Religious Education: a new direction for statutory religious education in England and Wales",
267:
in that the latter typically implies a strictly non-theistic outlook, whereas a life stance can be theistic or non-theistic, supernaturalistic or naturalistic.
325:. The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction.
451:
Harry Stopes-Roe's contribution is significant because it makes clear humanism's value as a legitimate system of belief, without it being a pseudo-religion.
827:
Slotte, Pamela (2008). "Waving the ‘Freedom of
Religion or Belief’ Card, or Playing It Safe: Religious Instruction in the Cases of Norway and Finland",
53:
It can connote an integrated perspective on reality as a whole and how to assign valuations, thus being a concept similar or equivalent to that of a
634:
541:
153:
133:
developed the concept originally in that context. The term originally arose in the context of debates over the controversial content of the City of
1559:
332:, religions present a common quality, the "hallmark of patriarchal religious thought": the division of the world in two comprehensive domains,
808:
156:
and by other organisations (see also his comments quoted below on its provenance). It was not an uncontroversial proposal among humanists.
922:
641:(Stopes Roe 1988a) and Kurtz (1989). Stopes-Roe revisited the subject in Stopes-Roe (1996), and wrote the article on "Life stance" for the
727:
159:
The term was introduced as part of an attempt to establish a clear identity for Humanism, in order to gain recognition and respect.
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712:
Memorandum from the BHA to the Charity Commission on Religion and Non-Religious Beliefs in Charity Law, August 2007: see
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study of non-religious 'stances for living', such as Humanism, and for such study to begin in the primary school.
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are often traditionally associated with the core belief. Religion is also often described as a "way of life".
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1979:
1840:
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is a set of beliefs and practices, often centered upon specific supernatural and/or moral claims about
152:
In the late 1980s Harry Stopes-Roe initiated a successful campaign for the adoption of the term by the
91:
life stance"), as well as non-religious spiritual or philosophical alternatives (for instance: "a
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of 12 July 1974, which refers to "stances for living". It also cites the City of Birmingham's
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140:, 1975. That document referred to "non-religious stances for living". According to Barnes:
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of the first letter. For instance, the life stance of Humanism is distinguished from
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953:
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Walter, Nicolas (1988a). "Rationally speaking: against Humanism as a life stance."
654:
508:
337:
294:
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generally. Many life stances may contain humanism to a greater or lesser extent as
100:
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2217:
2175:
1999:
1875:
1710:
1502:
1281:
1179:
1062:
996:
872:
Stopes-Roe, Harry (1996). "The Presuppositions of Dialogue: a fair vocabulary."
411:
395:
383:
264:
88:
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emphasizes a focus on what is of ultimate importance. Life stance differs from
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1715:
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2406:
2401:
2353:
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2316:
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2197:
2121:
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2081:
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1415:
1398:
1231:
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713:
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115:
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54:
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and alternatives to religion, without discrimination in favour of either.
17:
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1333:
1328:
1067:
1042:
1023:
893:
Walter, Nicolas (1988b). "Rationally speaking: what kind of humanists?",
784:
The Blasphemy Depot: a hundred years of the Rationalist Press Association
434:
341:
276:
249:
222:
176:
111:
92:
80:
76:
837:
Stopes-Roe, H.V. (1976). "The concept of a 'life stance' in education."
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1994:
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Stopes-Roe, Harry (1988b). "Controversy: In defence of a life stance",
637:
in October 1987 (See Walter 1988a, p. 4). The article was reprinted in
379:
286:
27:
Person's relation with what they accept as being of ultimate importance
217:
A life stance may be distinguished from general support of a cause by
63:) being generally a more common and comprehensive term. Like the term
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3408:
3393:
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597:(1975), includes the text of a letter by Stopes-Roe, printed in the
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Objective, fair and balanced: a new law for religion in education.
387:
345:
318:
844:
Stopes-Roe, Harry (1983). "Moral Practice and Ultimate Reality",
2984:
2831:
2677:
2618:
2585:
2560:
2435:
1860:
1735:
1676:
1156:
1038:
1009:
462:
Intrinsic value (ethics) § Life stances and intrinsic value
3015:
1144:
942:
904:
2925:
2802:
879:
Stopes-Roe, Harry (2007). "Life stance", in Flynn, Tom (ed.).
874:
Journal for the Critical Study of Religion, Ethics and Society
306:
175:
Harry Stopes-Roe, who fought for the term's acceptance by the
46:
and commitment to exercise it in theory and practice in one's
900:
233:. However, Humanism regards it as having intrinsic value.
803:
Greer, J.E. (1985). "Edwin Cox and Religious Education",
858:
Stopes-Roe, Harry (1988a), "Humanism as a life stance",
822:
Building a world community: humanism in the 21st century
579:
577:
575:
573:
114:
interested in educational matters apparently coined the
103:
life stance"), without discrimination in favour of any.
851:
Stopes-Roe, Harry (1987). "Humanism as a life stance",
378:
Alternatives to religion include life stances based on
38:, is their relation with what they accept as being of
789:
Cox, E. (1975). "Principles behind Syllabus Making",
3437:
3285:
3064:
3026:
2599:
2302:
2120:
1799:
1593:
1319:
1155:
466:Different life stances differ in what they hold as
309:. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural
883:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus, pp. 506–507.
57:; with the latter word (derived from the German
855:, Vol. 8 (1), Winter 1987/88, pp. 7–9, 56.
449:
440:
197:
181:
164:
142:
352:, practices, values, institutions, tradition,
916:
8:
179:movement, defined "life stance" as follows:
58:
645:(Stopes-Roe 2007). See also the statement "
236:Not all life stances use this orthography.
3023:
3012:
1152:
1141:
939:
923:
909:
901:
876:, Vol. 1 (2), Summer/Fall, pp. 9–15.
714:http://www.humanism.org.uk/documents/3917
862:, Vol. 103, (2) October, pp. 19–21.
693:See "Humanism is eight letters, no more"
635:International Humanist and Ethical Union
542:International Humanist and Ethical Union
154:International Humanist and Ethical Union
869:, Vol. 103 (4), December, pp. 8–9.
540:. Humanist Society of New South Wales (
524:
138:Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education
841:, Vol. 16 (1), Autumn, pp. 25–28.
805:British Journal of Religious Education
603:Agreed Syllabus of Religious Education
555:
775:British Humanist Association (1975).
772:, Vol. 29 (1), April, pp. 75–83.
229:in order to fulfill their own chosen
7:
897:, Vol. 103 (4), December, p. 4.
259:or a belief system in that the term
890:, Vol. 103 (3), October, p. 4.
831:Vol. 3 (1), March, pp. 33–69.
800:, Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
647:Humanism is eight letters, no more
532:Stopes-Roe, Harry (January 1996).
25:
824:, Prometheus Books, pp. 166–
815:Studies in Religion and Education
881:The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief
820:Kurtz, Paul et al. (ed) (1989).
798:Humanism: beliefs and practices
770:Journal of Beliefs & Values
734:By Edd Doerr. Published in the
79:perspectives (for instance: "a
848:, Vol. 12 (2), pp. 81–91.
244:The term was intended to be a
1:
3419:Traditional African religions
807:, Vol. 8 (1), pp. 13–19
334:one sacred, the other profane
255:A life stance differs from a
127:Rationalist Press Association
643:New Encyclopedia of Unbelief
599:Times Educational Supplement
595:Objective, Fair and Balanced
206:British Humanist Association
131:British Humanist Association
2747:Food and drink prohibitions
796:Fowler, Jeaneane D (1999).
538:Humanist Society of NSW Inc
408:spiritual but not religious
3870:
846:Journal of Moral Education
793:, Vol. 4 (4), p. 132.
562:: CS1 maint: url-status (
459:
367:
364:Non-religious life stances
330:European religious thought
274:
3022:
3011:
1635:Cross-cultural psychology
1453:Manipulation (psychology)
1151:
1140:
949:
938:
829:Religion and Human Rights
583:Stopes-Roe (1988a, p. 21)
418:, modern incarnations of
313:, writings, history, and
162:According to Stopes-Roe:
83:life stance" or "a
1985:Mass psychogenic illness
1836:Collective effervescence
1277:Self-fulfilling prophecy
963:Collective consciousness
738:(November/December 2002)
703:Stopes-Roe (1988a, p.19)
534:"Religion or Conviction"
420:Hellenistic philosophies
297:, and often codified as
248:label encompassing both
95:life stance" or "a
87:life stance" or "a
75:label encompassing both
3325:Eastern Orthodox Church
1866:Culture-bound syndromes
1841:Collective intelligence
3854:Philosophical theories
3766:Social constructionism
3424:Unitarian Universalism
2228:Observational learning
1956:In-group and out-group
1896:False consensus effect
1575:Suppression of dissent
1473:Moral entrepreneurship
1443:Ideological repression
1431:Historical revisionism
967:Collective unconscious
453:
445:
317:, as well as personal
271:Religious life stances
210:
193:
168:
150:
59:
3315:Chinese folk religion
2015:Political correctness
2010:Pluralistic ignorance
1699:Identity (philosophy)
1525:Religious persecution
1508:Psychological warfare
1488:Political engineering
1339:Argumentum ad populum
1197:Collective narcissism
1175:Attitude polarization
489:Lifestyle (sociology)
460:Further information:
447:Bill Cooke comments:
368:Further information:
107:Origins of the phrase
3679:Naturalism (Western)
3674:Naturalism (Chinese)
3586:Renaissance humanism
2142:Conceptual framework
2107:System justification
1946:Hysterical contagion
1530:Religious uniformity
1513:Religious conversion
1369:Cognitive dissonance
1267:Selective perception
1118:Theory of everything
1088:Primal world beliefs
1073:Philosophical theory
782:Cooke, Bill (2003).
747:Durkheim 1976, p. 36
624:Barnes (2008, p. 75)
344:, or of the highest
3092:Christian democracy
2055:Social facilitation
1951:Information cascade
1886:Emotional contagion
1824:Collective behavior
1786:Symbolic boundaries
1640:Cultural psychology
1384:Cultural dissonance
1257:Observer-expectancy
1252:Observational error
1237:In-group favoritism
982:Conventional wisdom
839:Learning for living
813:Hull, John (1984).
791:Learning for Living
756:Cooke 2003 (p. 223)
725:Humanism Unmodified
456:Values and purposes
99:life stance" or "a
40:ultimate importance
3790:Post-structuralism
2544:natural philosophy
1926:Group polarization
1911:Group cohesiveness
1560:Social engineering
1458:Media manipulation
1379:Crowd manipulation
1364:Circular reporting
1282:Clever Hans effect
1262:Selective exposure
730:2008-05-05 at the
484:Intentional stance
231:intrinsic value(s)
227:instrumental value
121:in the mid-1970s;
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3800:Transcendentalism
3756:Neo-scholasticism
3737:Neopythagoreanism
3187:Industrialisation
3127:Constitutionalism
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2825:political freedom
2342:mind–body problem
2135:tacit assumptions
2087:Spontaneous order
2077:Social psychology
2030:Self-organization
1374:Critical thinking
1136:
1135:
1103:School of thought
992:Cultural movement
972:Conceptual system
817:, London: Falmer.
323:mystic experience
16:(Redirected from
3861:
3488:New Confucianism
3362:Korean shamanism
3332:Ethnic religions
3262:Social democracy
3137:Environmentalism
3117:Communitarianism
3082:Authoritarianism
3024:
3013:
2643:Codes of conduct
2294:World disclosure
2282:consensus theory
2050:Social exclusion
1856:Crowd psychology
1851:Consensus theory
1814:Bandwagon effect
1751:Rites of passage
1565:Social influence
1498:Propaganda model
1463:Media regulation
1292:wishful thinking
1242:Magical thinking
1153:
1142:
1005:World folk-epics
940:
925:
918:
911:
902:
757:
754:
748:
745:
739:
722:
716:
710:
704:
701:
695:
690:
684:
676:
670:
663:Harry Stopes-Roe
631:
625:
622:
616:
612:
606:
590:
584:
581:
568:
567:
561:
553:
551:
549:
529:
472:purposes in life
468:intrinsic values
404:secular humanism
374:Secular religion
328:In the frame of
208:
191:
189:Harry Stopes-Roe
123:Harry Stopes-Roe
62:
21:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3814:
3645:Megarian school
3596:Illuminationism
3572:New historicism
3548:Foundationalism
3533:Eretrian school
3493:Critical theory
3454:Aristotelianism
3449:Agriculturalism
3439:
3433:
3367:Modern paganism
3281:
3192:Intellectualism
3066:
3060:
3018:
2999:
2847:Meaning of life
2752:unclean animals
2609:Aesthetic taste
2595:
2551:Problem of evil
2493:National mythoi
2298:
2116:
2112:Viral phenomena
2102:Swarm behaviour
2045:Social emotions
2040:Social behavior
2020:Pseudoconsensus
1971:Majoritarianism
1871:Deindividuation
1809:Abilene paradox
1795:
1731:Myth and ritual
1589:
1570:Social progress
1545:Self-censorship
1421:Excommunication
1344:Attitude change
1321:
1315:
1147:
1132:
1083:Presuppositions
945:
934:
929:
765:
760:
755:
751:
746:
742:
732:Wayback Machine
723:
719:
711:
707:
702:
698:
691:
687:
677:
673:
651:Harold Blackham
632:
628:
623:
619:
613:
609:
591:
587:
582:
571:
554:
547:
545:
531:
530:
526:
522:
494:Meaning of life
480:
464:
458:
432:
376:
366:
356:, rituals, and
279:
273:
242:
215:
209:
204:
192:
187:
173:
109:
44:presuppositions
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3867:
3865:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3805:Utilitarianism
3802:
3797:
3792:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3733:Pythagoreanism
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Neo-Kantianism
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:Existentialism
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3429:Zoroastrianism
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3272:Utilitarianism
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Libertarianism
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:Green politics
3169:
3164:
3162:Fundamentalism
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2978:
2976:Unspoken rules
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
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2876:
2871:
2866:
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2859:
2849:
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2834:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2817:
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2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
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2775:
2770:
2761:
2756:
2755:
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2744:
2739:
2734:
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2724:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2707:
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2700:
2695:
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2655:
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2640:
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2616:
2611:
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2603:
2597:
2596:
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2578:
2573:
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2512:
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2368:
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2329:
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2300:
2299:
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2290:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:Meta-knowledge
2210:
2205:
2203:Meaning-making
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2126:
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2118:
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2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
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2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:Milieu control
1987:
1982:
1977:
1968:
1963:
1961:Invisible hand
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Group dynamics
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
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1797:
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1765:
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1610:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Social control
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Polite fiction
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Indoctrination
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1391:
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1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
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1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1287:placebo effect
1284:
1274:
1272:Self-deception
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:Social reality
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1093:Reality tunnel
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1007:
1001:National epics
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
960:
950:
947:
946:
943:
936:
935:
930:
928:
927:
920:
913:
905:
899:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
825:
818:
811:
801:
794:
787:
786:. London: RPA.
780:
773:
764:
761:
759:
758:
749:
740:
717:
705:
696:
685:
671:
659:Corliss Lamont
626:
617:
607:
585:
569:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
479:
476:
457:
454:
431:
428:
416:existentialism
365:
362:
275:Main article:
272:
269:
241:
238:
219:capitalization
214:
211:
202:
185:
172:
169:
108:
105:
60:Weltanschauung
42:. It involves
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3866:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Personal life
3837:
3836:
3834:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:Structuralism
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:Scholasticism
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Phenomenology
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Postmodernism
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Individualism
3604:
3602:
3601:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3569:
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3521:
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3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Republicanism
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Progressivism
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Individualism
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
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3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3010:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Social stigma
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
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2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
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2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
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2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:jurisprudence
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Family values
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Entertainment
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
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2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
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2649:
2646:
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2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2591:Unobservables
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2503:philosophical
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
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2459:
2457:
2454:
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2427:
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2422:
2419:
2417:
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2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Creation myth
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:Consciousness
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
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2301:
2295:
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2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
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2268:
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2258:
2256:
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2249:
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2240:
2239:
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2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
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2211:
2209:
2206:
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2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
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2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Social action
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Peer pressure
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Herd behavior
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Group emotion
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
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1874:
1872:
1869:
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1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
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1847:
1844:
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1839:
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1772:Social status
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1585:Woozle effect
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1580:Systemic bias
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1550:Social change
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1426:Fearmongering
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1389:Deprogramming
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1222:Ethnocentrism
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1078:Point of view
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1053:Metanarrative
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954:Basic beliefs
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944:Related terms
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649:", signed by
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499:Personal life
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56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3747:Reductionism
3723:Pre-Socratic
3703:Neoplatonism
3563:Hermeneutics
3528:Epicureanism
3484:Confucianism
3479:Collectivism
3469:Cartesianism
3320:Christianity
3132:Distributism
3122:Conservatism
3097:Collectivism
3065:Economic and
2990:Works of art
2946:Sublime, The
2837:Magnificence
2788:Human rights
2515:Origin myths
2461:Intelligence
2441:Idios kosmos
2176:Explanations
2147:Epistemology
2072:Social proof
2067:Social group
2025:Scapegoating
1906:Group action
1901:Folie à deux
1891:Entitativity
1768:Social class
1711:Institutions
1603:Anthropology
1468:Missionaries
1394:Echo chamber
1349:Brainwashing
1304:Stereotyping
1212:Cryptomnesia
1202:Confirmation
1128:Value system
1048:Mental model
1028:
895:New Humanist
894:
888:New Humanist
887:
880:
873:
867:New Humanist
866:
860:New Humanist
859:
853:Free Inquiry
852:
845:
838:
828:
821:
814:
804:
797:
790:
783:
779:London: BHA.
776:
769:
763:Bibliography
752:
743:
735:
720:
708:
699:
688:
674:
655:Levi Fragell
642:
639:New Humanist
638:
629:
620:
610:
602:
598:
594:
588:
548:25 September
546:. Retrieved
537:
527:
509:Basic belief
465:
450:
446:
441:
433:
377:
338:supernatural
327:
295:human nature
282:
280:
260:
254:
245:
243:
235:
216:
198:
194:
182:
174:
165:
161:
158:
151:
145:
143:
137:
135:Birmingham's
118:
110:
101:Deep Ecology
72:
68:
64:
52:
35:
31:
29:
3761:Sentientism
3742:Rationalism
3689:Peripatetic
3669:Natural law
3640:Materialism
3568:Historicism
3558:Hegelianism
3508:Determinism
3385:Agnosticism
3257:Sentientism
3227:Nationalism
3177:Imperialism
3107:Communalism
3102:Colonialism
3056:Weltschmerz
3036:Misanthropy
2936:Stewardship
2864:Obligations
2768:Culpability
2759:Golden Rule
2653:Common good
2571:Supernature
2527:Otherworlds
2486:comparative
2456:Information
2451:Incarnation
2388:Eschatology
2322:Anima mundi
2304:Metaphysics
2223:Observation
2218:Methodology
2000:Moral panic
1980:Mass action
1876:Doublethink
1819:Collectives
1741:Pilgrimages
1630:Coronations
1535:Revolutions
1503:Proselytism
1436:negationism
1322:maintenance
1170:Attentional
1029:Life stance
997:Epic poetry
987:Conventions
667:Rob Tielman
412:Objectivism
396:freethought
384:agnosticism
350:Moral codes
265:eupraxsophy
261:life stance
213:Orthography
119:life stance
69:life stance
67:, the term
32:life stance
30:A person's
3833:Categories
3728:Pyrrhonism
3718:Pragmatism
3713:Positivism
3616:Kantianism
3523:Empiricism
3441:philosophy
3438:Schools of
3381:Irreligion
3377:Secularity
3310:Cheondoism
3242:Radicalism
3222:Monarchism
3217:Militarism
3202:Liberalism
3147:Fanaticism
3087:Capitalism
3069:ideologies
3067:political
2995:Wrongdoing
2899:Repentance
2889:Punishment
2884:Principles
2879:Praxeology
2668:Creativity
2658:Conscience
2619:Almsgiving
2532:axes mundi
2416:Nonfiction
2393:Everything
2255:Revelation
2243:fallacious
2233:Perception
2169:scientific
2092:Status quo
1931:Groupshift
1846:Conformity
1801:Groupthink
1716:Liminality
1650:Employment
1625:Ceremonies
1493:Propaganda
1478:Persuasion
1354:Censorship
1320:Change and
1299:Status quo
1207:Congruence
520:References
504:World view
424:secularism
392:skepticism
370:Irreligion
358:scriptures
354:philosophy
340:, sacred,
311:traditions
171:Definition
146:systematic
36:lifestance
18:Lifestance
3844:Intention
3776:Spinozism
3708:Pluralism
3699:Platonism
3650:Modernism
3635:Logicians
3503:Cyrenaics
3464:Averroism
3404:Spiritism
3372:Rastafari
3287:Religions
3267:Socialism
3247:Reformism
3212:Masculism
3167:Globalism
3142:Extremism
3112:Communism
3077:Anarchism
3051:Reclusion
3046:Pessimism
3028:Attitudes
2951:Suffering
2914:Sexuality
2904:Reverence
2894:Qualities
2813:religious
2793:Judgement
2773:Happiness
2737:Étiquette
2727:Eroticism
2715:Aesthetic
2698:religious
2693:emotional
2683:Economics
2614:Aesthetic
2576:Teleology
2520:political
2481:Mythology
2446:Illusions
2421:Free will
2407:Existence
2402:Evolution
2376:existence
2359:religious
2354:Cosmology
2349:Cosmogony
2327:Causality
2317:Afterlife
2265:Tradition
2260:Testimony
2238:Reasoning
2198:Intuition
2164:anecdotal
2122:Knowledge
2097:Stigmergy
2082:Sociology
1881:Emergence
1620:Calendars
1416:Euphemism
1404:religious
1399:Education
1232:Homophily
1185:Cognitive
1034:Lifestyle
932:Worldview
400:pantheism
315:mythology
257:worldview
250:religions
116:neologism
112:Humanists
97:personist
85:Christian
77:religious
65:worldview
55:worldview
3781:Stoicism
3684:Nihilism
3630:Legalism
3625:Kokugaku
3591:Idealism
3582:Humanism
3553:Hedonism
3543:Fatalism
3518:Eleatics
3498:Cynicism
3414:Tenrikyo
3337:Hinduism
3305:Caodaism
3300:Buddhism
3277:Veganism
3232:Pacifism
3197:Islamism
3157:Feminism
3041:Optimism
3017:Examples
2966:Theodicy
2956:Sympathy
2852:Morality
2710:Emotions
2705:Elegance
2633:Autonomy
2628:Altruism
2581:Theology
2510:Ontology
2476:Miracles
2332:Concepts
2312:Ætiology
2287:criteria
2270:folklore
2159:Evidence
1975:Mob rule
1966:Lynching
1726:Marriage
1704:cultural
1682:Holidays
1668:Funerals
1663:Families
1645:Doctrine
1608:cultural
1540:Rhetoric
1359:Charisma
1334:Argument
1329:Activism
1217:Cultural
1165:Academic
1098:Schemata
1068:Paradigm
1043:Memeplex
1024:Ideology
1014:factoids
736:Humanist
728:Archived
558:cite web
478:See also
435:Humanism
430:Humanism
410:(SBNR),
283:religion
277:Religion
240:Spectrum
223:humanism
203:—
186:—
177:Humanist
93:humanist
81:Buddhist
3810:Yangism
3795:Thomism
3771:Sophism
3513:Dualism
3474:Cārvāka
3459:Atomism
3399:Sikhism
3389:Atheism
3357:Judaism
3352:Jainism
3342:Hòa Hảo
3152:Fascism
2981:Virtues
2820:Liberty
2798:Justice
2778:Harmony
2688:Ecstasy
2673:Disgust
2663:Consent
2623:Charity
2556:Reality
2539:Physics
2431:History
2412:Fiction
2397:Nothing
2383:Destiny
2371:Deities
2186:fideism
2152:outline
1995:Mobbing
1791:Worship
1781:Symbols
1763:Rituals
1756:secular
1721:Liturgy
1687:Hygiene
1658:Slavery
1654:Serfdom
1595:Culture
1146:Aspects
1058:Mindset
1019:Framing
977:Context
958:Beliefs
681:pp. 3–4
544:(IHEU))
380:atheism
287:reality
125:of the
3849:Belief
3664:Monism
3659:Mohism
3611:Ionian
3577:Holism
3409:Taoism
3394:Shinto
3295:Baháʼí
2941:Styles
2919:ethics
2909:Rights
2857:public
2842:Maxims
2783:Honour
2732:Ethics
2648:Comedy
2638:Beauty
2566:Spirit
2498:Nature
2471:Matter
2426:Future
2208:Memory
2193:Gnosis
2130:Axioms
2060:animal
1941:Holism
1829:animal
1692:ritual
1672:Burial
1613:social
1518:forced
1409:values
1309:ethnic
1180:Belief
1157:Biases
1123:Umwelt
665:, and
514:Belief
342:divine
305:, and
303:ritual
299:prayer
293:, and
291:cosmos
289:, the
246:shared
73:shared
3347:Islam
2985:Vices
2971:Trust
2961:Taboo
2874:Piety
2869:Peace
2764:Guilt
2601:Value
2561:Souls
2466:Magic
2436:Ideas
2277:Truth
2248:logic
2181:Faith
1861:Cults
1776:Caste
1736:Oaths
1677:Games
1247:Media
1063:Norms
1039:Memes
1010:Facts
388:deism
346:truth
319:faith
200:live.
89:Pagan
71:is a
34:, or
2983:and
2832:Love
2678:Duty
2586:Time
1746:Play
1190:list
1012:and
564:link
550:2024
470:and
372:and
348:.
321:and
129:and
48:life
2926:Sin
2803:Law
1108:Set
307:law
3835::
3788:/
3754:/
3735:/
3701:/
3652:/
3618:/
3584:/
3570:/
3486:/
3387:/
3383:/
3379:/
2766:/
2621:/
2414:/
2395:/
1973:/
1774:/
1770:/
1670:/
1656:/
1652:/
1041:/
1003:/
999:/
965:/
956:/
683:).
661:,
657:,
653:,
572:^
560:}}
556:{{
536:.
474:.
426:.
414:,
406:,
402:,
398:,
394:,
390:,
386:,
382:,
301:,
281:A
50:.
924:e
917:t
910:v
834:.
810:.
669:.
566:)
552:.
20:)
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