480:
84:
48:
495:
349:, the process by which lesions occur in this condition is not well known. The pathophysiology of this disease may involve both cellular and humoral immune responses. Specifically, the formation of cutaneous and mucosal lesions may be facilitated by tissue damage brought on by an antibody-induced local inflammatory response as well as the release of proteolytic enzymes by
155:
Adult patients with LABD usually have a sudden onset of skin lesions; however, the condition can develop more slowly. Bullae and tight vesicles can form inside inflammatory plaques or on healthy skin. Adults experience a lower incidence of developing annular lesions exhibiting peripheral vesiculation
147:
forming at the margins of lesions that are healing. These lesions are often described as looking like rosettes, crowns of jewels, or strings of pearls. Skin lesions typically occur in a wide range of locations, including the hands, feet, genitalia, trunk, and face, especially the perioral area. The
400:
The clinical manifestations of various mucocutaneous disorders may be confused with those of linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD). Therefore, laboratory studies are usually used to confirm the diagnosis when available. The gold standard for diagnosing LABD is the detection of linear IgA deposits
2487:
Yamagami, Jun; Nakamura, Yoshio; Nagao, Keisuke; Funakoshi, Takeru; Takahashi, Hayato; Tanikawa, Akiko; Hachiya, Takahisa; Yamamoto, Toshiyuki; Ishida-Yamamoto, Akemi; Tanaka, Toshihiro; Fujimoto, Noriki; Nishigori, Chikako; Yoshida, Tetsuya; Ishii, Norito; Hashimoto, Takashi; Amagai, Masayuki
156:
compared to children. Lesion formation is prevalent in the trunk, extensor extremities, buttocks, and face (especially the perioral area). There have also been reports of localized variations of LABD that manifest as annular inflammatory plaques or restricted blistering eruptions. Strong
142:
The most common symptom of LABD of childhood, also called chronic bullous disease of childhood, is the sudden growth of vesicles or bullae on areas of skin that are either inflammatory or not. An arciform or annular appearance is frequently the consequence of new
2285:
Collier, P.M.; Wojnarowska, F.; Welsh, K.; Mcguire, W.; Black, M.M. (1999). "Adult linear IgA disease and chronic bullous disease of childhood: the association with human lymphocyte antigens Cw7, B8, DR3 and tumour necrosis factor influences disease expression".
2690:
2675:
2088:
Fortuna, Giulio; Salas-Alanis, Julio Cesar; Guidetti, Eugenio; Marinkovich, M. Peter (2012). "A critical reappraisal of the current data on drug-induced linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis: A real and separate nosological entity?".
175:
involvement. Up to 80% of adult patients experience mucosal illness. Mucosal lesions usually manifest as erosions or ulcers; complete vesicles or bullae are not frequently found. Any mucosal surface, such as those in the mouth,
762:
MARSDEN, R.A.; McKEE, P.H.; BHOGAL, B.; BLACK, M.M.; KENNEDY, L.A. (1980). "A study of benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood and comparison with dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid occurring in childhood".
196:, could be impacted. The mucosal areas most frequently affected are the oral and ocular mucosa. Lesions on the palate, palatine arches, or buccal mucosa are commonly seen in patients with oral diseases. Additionally, erosive
648:
He Y, Shimoda M, Ono Y, Villalobos IB, Mitra A, Konia T, Grando SA, Zone JJ, Maverakis E (2015). "Persistence of
Autoreactive IgA-Secreting B Cells Despite Multiple Immunosuppressive Medications Including Rituximab".
513:
139:, or both may be seen in cases with linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD). While LABD can affect both adults and children, there are variations in the disease's clinical features between these two groups of people.
126:
Childhood linear IgA disease (also known as "Chronic bullous disease of childhood") is an acquired, self-limited bullous disease that may begin by the time the patient is age 2 to 3 and usually remits by age 13.
2388:
Zillikens, Detlef; Herzele, Karin; Georgi, Matthias; Schmidt, Enno; Chimanovitch, Iakov; Bröcker, Eva-B; Schumann, Hauke; Mascaro, Jose M.; Diaz, Luis A.; Bruckner-Tuderman, Leena; Giudice, George J. (1999).
1494:
HORIGUCHI, Yuji; IKOMA, Akihiko; SAKAI, Rie; MASATSUGU, Asako; OHTA, Miyuki; HASHIMOTO, Takashi (2008). "Linear IgA dermatosis: Report of an infantile case and analysis of 213 cases in Japan".
368:), a transmembrane protein essential for epidermal-dermal adhesion, is broken down into pieces in both of these antigens. Less commonly, the NC16a epitope on BP180 has been linked to LABD.
1682:
GODFREY, K.; WOJNAROWSKA, FENELLA; LEONARD, J. (2006-07-29). "Linear IgA disease of adults: association with lymphoproliferative malignancy and possible role of other triggering factors".
1109:
Gamo, R; Aguilar, A; GĂłnzalez-Valle, O; Houmani, M; MartĂn, L; Gallego, MA (2007-03-05). "Localized linear IgA disease associated with monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance".
2337:
Ishii, N.; Ohyama, B.; Yamaguchi, Z.; Hashimoto, T. (2008). "IgA autoantibodies against the NC16a domain of BP180 but not 120-kDa LAD-1 detected in a patient with linear IgA disease".
1440:
Matsumoto, Takanao; Nakamura, Satoshi; Ishii, Norito; Umemoto, Naoka; Kawase, Masaaki; Demitsu, Toshio; Hashimoto, Takashi (2019). "Erythrodermic linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis".
479:
2183:
Polat, Muhterem; Lenk, Nurdan; Kürekçi, Emin; Öztaş, Pinar; Artüz, Ferda; Alli, Nuran (2007). "Chronic
Bullous Disease of Childhood in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia".
1835:
Tobón, Gabriel J.; Toro, Carlos E.; Bravo, Juan-Carlos; Cañas, Carlos A. (2007-10-12). "Linear IgA bullous dermatosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report".
866:
Wojnarowska, Fenella; Marsden, R.A.; Bhogal, B.; Black, M.M. (1988). "Chronic bullous disease of childhood, childhood cicatricial pemphigoid, and linear IgA disease of adults".
2549:
Kasperkiewicz, Michael; Meier, Markus; Zillikens, Detlef; Schmidt, Enno (2010). "Linear IgA Disease: Successful
Application of Immunoadsorption and Review of the Literature".
2132:
Ho, Jean Chin Ching; Ng, Pei Lin
Patricia; Tan, Suat Hoon; Giam, Yoke Chin (2007-08-06). "Childhood Linear IgA Bullous Disease Triggered by Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid".
1943:
Simon, Jan C.; Dietrich, Andrea; Kapp, Alexander; Schopf, Erwin (1995-07-01). "Chronisch bullose
Dermatose des Kindesalters Assoziation mit einer Salmonellen-Enteritis".
2832:
2037:
Wozniak, K.; Kalinska-Bienias, A.; Hashimoto, T.; Kowalewski, C. (2014-10-30). "Ultraviolet-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis: a case report and literature survey".
1348:
KELLY, SUSAN E.; FRITH, PEGGY A.; MILLARD, P. R.; WOJNAROWSKA, FENELLA; BLACK, M. M. (1988). "A clinicopathological study of mucosal involvement in linear IgA disease".
273:
Drug exposure has been shown in several case reports to be a contributing factor. The pharmacologic medication most commonly mentioned as a possible initiating cause is
3158:
1545:
Taniguchi, Tomonori; Maejima, Hideki; Saito, Norimitsu; Katsuoka, Kensei; Haruki, Satomi (2009). "Case of linear IgA bullous dermatosis-involved ulcerative colitis".
1160:
He, Chundi; Xu, Honghui; Xiao, Ting; Geng, Long; Chen, Hong-Duo (2007-04-30). "Localized linear IgA dermatosis induced by UV light-treatment for herpes zoster".
1631:
HollĂł, P.; Preisz, K.; Nemes, L.; BĂrĂł, J.; Kárpáti, S.; Horváth, A. (2003). "Linear IgA dermatosis associated with chronic clonal myeloproliferative disease".
1211:
Shimanovich, Iakov; Rose, Christian; Sitaru, Cassian; Bröcker, Eva-B; Zillikens, Detlef (2004). "Localized linear IgA disease induced by ampicillin/sulbactam".
2652:
1305:
Gluth, Michael B; Witman, Patricia M; Thompson, Dana M (2004). "Upper aerodigestive tract complications in a neonate with linear IgA bullous dermatosis".
2950:
204:
might be signs of oral LABD. Conjunctival redness, ocular discharge, ocular pain, or a feeling of a foreign body can all be symptoms of ocular illness.
1254:
Torchia, D.; Caproni, M.; Del Bianco, E.; Cozzani, E.; Ketabchi, S.; Fabbri, P. (2006-05-03). "Linear IgA disease presenting as prurigo nodularis".
1994:
Salmhofer, Wolfgang; Soyer, H.Peter; Wolf, Peter; Födinger, Dagmar; Hödl, Stefan; Kerl, Helmut (2004). "UV light–induced linear IgA dermatosis".
261:, and a number of infections have also been linked to LABD in a small number of patients. There have also been reports of LABD developing after
148:
lower abdomen, inner thighs, and perineum are frequently the most severely affected areas. Children who are affected may show no symptoms, yet
2825:
508:
1784:
Takagi, Y.; Sawada, S.; Yamauchi, M.; Amagai, M.; Niimura, M. (2000-03-01). "Coexistence of psoriasis and linear IgA bullous dermatosis".
3127:
282:
814:
Mintz, Emily M.; Morel, Kimberly D. (2011). "Clinical
Features, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis of Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood".
2972:
635:
614:
1733:
Adamič, M.; Potočnik, M.; Pavlović, M. D. (2008). "Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in a patient with advanced pancreatic carcinoma".
3024:
2818:
448:
that has been successfully used to treat a variety of dermatologic illnesses marked by neutrophilic infiltrates. Treatment with
3041:
2885:
2945:
325:
Development of LABD may also be influenced by genetic factors. There have been reports of associations between LABD and the
2890:
3148:
3069:
533:
Genovese, Giovanni; Venegoni, Luigia; Fanoni, Daniele; Muratori, Simona; Berti, Emilio; Marzano, Angelo
Valerio (2019).
248:
2438:
Tsuchisaka, Atsunari; Ohara, Koji; Ishii, Norito; Nguyen, Ngon T.; Marinkovich, M Peter; Hashimoto, Takashi (2015).
964:
Chorzelski, Tadeusz P.; Jabłońska, Stephania; Maciejowska, EWA (1991). "Linear IgA bullous dermatosis of adults".
152:
is frequent and can get quite bad. For certain people, severe itching signals the beginning of the illness again.
2234:
Kocyigit, P.; Akay, B. N.; Karaosmanoðlu, N. (2009). "Linear IgA bullous dermatosis induced by interferon-α 2a".
409:(DIF), even though the results of a regular histopathologic examination of the affected tissue may suggest LABD.
416:. Characteristic is a subepidermal blister with an underlying dermal infiltration that is primarily composed of
3099:
3074:
2927:
2705:
429:
413:
119:-like appearance. This disease can often be difficult to treat even with usually effective medications such as
112:
535:"Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in adults and children: a clinical and immunopathological study of 38 patients"
341:
While it is acknowledged that one of the hallmarks of linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is the presence of
55:(a) Widespread vesiculobullous eruption on the lower limbs with elements in a “string of pearls” arrangement;
96:
is a rare immune-mediated blistering skin disease frequently associated with medication exposure, especially
3153:
3117:
2909:
2841:
585:"This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (
330:
3031:
3019:
2789:
1588:
Paige, D.G.; Leonard, J.N.; Wojnarowska, F.; Fry, L. (1997). "Linear IgA disease and ulcerative colitis".
457:
453:
1888:"Chronic bullous disease of childhood and a paecilomyces lung infection in chronic granulomatous disease"
2391:"Autoantibodies in a Subgroup of Patients with Linear IgA Disease React with the NC16A Domain of BP1801"
326:
2778:
1014:
Venning, Vanessa A. (2011). "Linear IgA Disease: Clinical
Presentation, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis".
3036:
247:
Many case reports have documented the incidence of LABD in conjunction with solid organ cancers and
83:
2905:
2440:"Type VII Collagen Is the Major Autoantigen for Sublamina Densa–Type Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis"
365:
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blistering disease that may present with a clinical pattern of vesicles indistinguishable from
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Fortuna, Giulio; Marinkovich, M. Peter (2012). "Linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis".
61:(d) erythematous, vesicular lesions partially eroded on the posterior aspects of both thighs;
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1393:"Cephalosporin-induced linear IgA dermatosis in a child: Case report and literature review"
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2647:
306:
172:
136:
719:
Lara-Corrales, Irene; Pope, Elena (2010). "Autoimmune
Blistering Diseases in Children".
2522:
2489:
1920:
1887:
1695:
1644:
1601:
1361:
1079:
776:
569:
534:
494:
384:, are present in certain patients with LABD. The target antigen in certain people with
57:(b) targetoid vesicular lesions on erythematous skin involving the dorsa of the hands;
2490:"Vancomycin Mediates IgA Autoreactivity in Drug-Induced Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis"
2007:
931:
879:
412:
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis histopathologic features are vague and frequently mimic
3142:
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2407:
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59:(c) blisters with a “string of pearls” configuration and crusts in the perioral area;
17:
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314:
2594:
M, Kharfi; A, Khaled; A, Karaa; I, Zaraa; B, Fazaa; MR, Kamoun (15 January 2010).
2323:
2710:
2596:"Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: the more frequent bullous dermatosis of children"
1318:
918:
Guide, Shireen V.; Marinkovich, M.Peter (2001). "Linear IgA bullous dermatosis".
662:
1886:
Smitt, J H S.; Leusen, J H W; Stas, H G; Teeuw, A H; Weening, R S (1997-08-01).
298:
262:
216:
anti-basement membrane zone antibodies directed against the 97 kDa component of
177:
77:
2102:
1224:
732:
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1848:
1027:
827:
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116:
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2015:
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120:
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production by the inflamed colon may have a role in the emergence of LABD.
2810:
1972:
1956:
1929:
1711:
1609:
1453:
1377:
993:
895:
792:
2784:
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1903:
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149:
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antibodies directed against various basement membrane antigens, such as
364:
zone's 97 kDa and 120 kDa antigens. Bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180/
100:, with men and women being equally affected. It was first described by
3091:
2611:
465:
461:
445:
441:
377:
286:
181:
144:
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2050:
1558:
1409:
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855:
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2679:
514:
List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions
185:
161:
2798:
3122:
258:
217:
2732:
2773:
189:
2814:
224:
are the primary cause of linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD).
1111:
Journal of the
European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
317:
are a few other medications that may be connected to LABD.
2191:(6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 389–391.
1951:(7). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 485–489.
1843:(3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 391–393.
1391:
Sarikaya Solak, Sezgi; Ficicioglu, Sezin (2019-06-03).
1307:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
605:
James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
1489:
1487:
464:, may be beneficial for patients who cannot tolerate
232:
The most frequent benign condition linked to LABD is
2657:
727:(2). Frontline Medical Communications, Inc.: 85–91.
3108:
3089:
3050:
3000:
2985:
2965:
2863:
2848:
2742:
2661:
607:
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
236:. It is unknown why there is a correlation between
67:
37:
32:
63:(e) vesicles involving the vulvar area in a child.
488:: Subepidermal blister formation and neutrophils
2345:(5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1151–1153.
2242:(5). Oxford University Press (OUP): e123–e124.
2045:(6). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1578–1581.
1553:(9). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1284–1285.
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
440:First-line treatment for LABD is thought to be
2091:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1996:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1213:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
868:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
420:. There may also be papillary microabscesses,
240:and LABD. According to some writers, aberrant
2826:
2294:(5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 867–875.
1792:(3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 513–516.
1741:(4). Oxford University Press (OUP): 503–505.
1690:(4). Oxford University Press (OUP): 447–452.
1356:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 161–170.
1262:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 479–480.
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
771:(2). Oxford University Press (OUP): 159–172.
628:Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine
8:
587:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
115:, or with vesicles and bullae in a bullous
104:in 1979 and may be divided into two types:
2997:
2869:
2860:
2833:
2819:
2811:
2658:
721:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
283:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications
82:
46:
29:
2521:
2455:
2406:
1919:
1408:
959:
957:
601:
599:
597:
568:
550:
333:(HLA) B8, HLA Cw7, HLA DR3, and HLA DQ2.
107:Adult linear IgA disease is an acquired,
2185:American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
171:Both adults and children can experience
3159:Chronic blistering cutaneous conditions
525:
475:
356:The majority of LABD patients exhibit
220:(bullous pemphigoid antigen 2) in the
2236:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
1735:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
765:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
509:List of target antigens in pemphigoid
353:along with other inflammatory cells.
7:
2494:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
2444:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
2395:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
1633:International Journal of Dermatology
1448:(2). John Libbey Eurotext: 220–221.
1162:International Journal of Dermatology
460:drugs with chemical similarities to
360:antibodies that are specific to the
3128:PUVA-induced acrobullous dermatosis
1696:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01448.x
1645:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01438_2.x
1602:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6751622.x
1362:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03197.x
1080:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.008
777:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1980.tb01684.x
25:
2973:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
539:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
2408:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00808.x
2351:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08492.x
2300:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03110.x
2248:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03160.x
2197:10.2165/00128071-200708060-00010
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1892:Archives of Disease in Childhood
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1508:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00561.x
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1174:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.02966.x
1123:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01943.x
493:
478:
3042:Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
1442:European Journal of Dermatology
2339:British Journal of Dermatology
2288:British Journal of Dermatology
2039:British Journal of Dermatology
1786:British Journal of Dermatology
1684:British Journal of Dermatology
1590:British Journal of Dermatology
1403:(4). Hindawi Limited: e12927.
1350:British Journal of Dermatology
1256:British Journal of Dermatology
1:
3065:Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
2768:Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
2500:(7). Elsevier BV: 1473–1480.
2008:10.1016/s0190-9622(03)02120-0
932:10.1016/s0738-081x(00)00185-1
880:10.1016/s0190-9622(88)70236-4
428:that resemble those found in
94:Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
33:Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
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978:10.1016/0738-081x(91)90030-o
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388:-induced LABD appears to be
259:systemic lupus erythematosus
249:lymphoproliferative diseases
3123:Bullous lupus erythematosus
2951:Intraepidermal neutrophilic
2606:(1). Dermatol Online J: 2.
2450:(2). Elsevier BV: 626–629.
2401:(6). Elsevier BV: 947–953.
2097:(6). Elsevier BV: 988–994.
2002:(1). Elsevier BV: 109–115.
1547:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
1313:(7). Elsevier BV: 965–970.
1022:(3). Elsevier BV: 453–458.
972:(3). Elsevier BV: 383–392.
926:(6). Elsevier BV: 719–727.
874:(5). Elsevier BV: 792–805.
822:(3). Elsevier BV: 459–462.
3175:
2600:Dermatology Online Journal
2103:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.09.018
1496:The Journal of Dermatology
1225:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.03.027
733:10.1016/j.sder.2010.03.005
630:. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
626:Freedberg, et al. (2003).
2936:
2923:
2901:
2872:
2506:10.1016/j.jid.2017.12.035
1849:10.1007/s10067-007-0752-5
1219:(1). Elsevier BV: 95–98.
1074:(1). Elsevier BV: 38–50.
1028:10.1016/j.det.2011.03.013
828:10.1016/j.det.2011.03.022
552:10.1186/s13023-019-1089-2
345:antibodies linked to the
54:
45:
3100:Dermatitis herpetiformis
2928:Paraneoplastic pemphigus
609:. (10th ed.). Saunders.
430:dermatitis herpetiformis
414:dermatitis herpetiformis
113:dermatitis herpetiformis
3118:Porphyria cutanea tarda
2910:Pemphigus erythematosus
2842:Vesiculobullous disease
331:human leukocyte antigen
3032:Gestational pemphigoid
3020:Cicatricial pemphigoid
1502:(11). Wiley: 737–743.
1068:Clinics in Dermatology
966:Clinics in Dermatology
920:Clinics in Dermatology
454:sulfamethoxypyridazine
444:, an immunomodulatory
347:basement membrane zone
164:or lesions resembling
2134:Pediatric Dermatology
1957:10.1007/s001050050287
1837:Clinical Rheumatology
1639:(2). Wiley: 143–146.
1454:10.1684/ejd.2019.3503
1168:(5). Wiley: 500–502.
1117:(4). Wiley: 544–545.
327:tumor necrosis factor
160:may cause excoriated
135:Lesions on the skin,
41:Linear IgA dermatosis
18:Linear IgA dermatosis
3111:classified elsewhere
3037:Pemphigoid nodularis
2457:10.1038/jid.2014.381
1904:10.1136/adc.77.2.150
1397:Dermatologic Therapy
1016:Dermatologic Clinics
816:Dermatologic Clinics
3149:Autoimmune diseases
2946:Subcorneal pustular
2906:Pemphigus foliaceus
2140:(5). Wiley: E40-3.
1898:(2). BMJ: 150–152.
180:, nose, genitalia,
3015:Bullous pemphigoid
2881:Pemphigus vegetans
2877:Pemphigus vulgaris
2779:Linear IgA disease
2743:External resources
2612:10.5070/D32TS975M4
407:immunofluorescence
405:zone using direct
366:type XVII collagen
238:ulcerative colitis
234:ulcerative colitis
131:Signs and symptoms
102:Tadeusz Chorzelski
3136:
3135:
3085:
3084:
2981:
2980:
2961:
2960:
2915:Endemic pemphigus
2808:
2807:
2563:10.1159/000279318
2051:10.1111/bjd.13154
1559:10.1002/ibd.20795
1410:10.1111/dth.12927
403:basement membrane
390:type VII collagen
374:type VII collagen
362:basement membrane
166:prurigo nodularis
91:
90:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3166:
3058:
3008:
2998:
2870:
2861:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2812:
2659:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2590:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2459:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2410:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2034:
2028:
2027:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1063:
1048:
1047:
1011:
998:
997:
961:
952:
951:
915:
900:
899:
863:
848:
847:
811:
805:
804:
759:
753:
752:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
692:
675:
674:
645:
639:
624:
618:
603:
592:
582:
572:
554:
530:
497:
482:
137:mucous membranes
87:
86:
50:
30:
21:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3110:
3104:
3081:
3051:
3046:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2957:
2932:
2919:
2897:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2757:article/1063590
2738:
2737:
2670:
2644:
2632:
2630:
2593:
2548:
2545:
2543:Further reading
2540:
2539:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2036:
2035:
2031:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1065:
1064:
1051:
1013:
1012:
1001:
963:
962:
955:
917:
916:
903:
865:
864:
851:
813:
812:
808:
761:
760:
756:
718:
717:
713:
704:
702:
694:
693:
678:
647:
646:
642:
625:
621:
604:
595:
532:
531:
527:
522:
505:
498:
489:
483:
474:
438:
398:
382:laminin gamma 1
339:
323:
307:interferon alfa
271:
230:
210:
173:mucous membrane
133:
81:
62:
60:
58:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3172:
3170:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3154:Drug eruptions
3151:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3011:
3009:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2858:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2781:
2770:
2759:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2713:
2702:
2687:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:Classification
2656:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2642:External links
2640:
2639:
2638:
2591:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
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2329:
2277:
2226:
2175:
2124:
2080:
2029:
1986:
1935:
1878:
1827:
1776:
1725:
1674:
1623:
1596:(5): 779–782.
1580:
1537:
1483:
1432:
1383:
1340:
1297:
1246:
1203:
1152:
1101:
1049:
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277:. A number of
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71:
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52:
51:
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2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2941:IgA pemphigus
2939:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
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2831:
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2817:
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2692:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2653:Merck Manuals
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2629:
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2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
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2568:
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2560:
2556:
2552:
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2533:
2529:
2524:
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2507:
2503:
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2483:
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2230:
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2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
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2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2120:
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2112:
2108:
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2100:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2076:
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2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
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1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
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1471:
1467:
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1301:
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1289:
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1269:
1265:
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1257:
1250:
1247:
1242:
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1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
912:
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908:
906:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
810:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
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770:
766:
758:
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750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
712:
701:
697:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:(6): 646–50.
656:
652:
651:JAMA Dermatol
644:
641:
637:
636:0-07-138076-0
633:
629:
623:
620:
616:
615:0-7216-2921-0
612:
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602:
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502:
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491:
487:
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459:
455:
451:
450:sulfapyridine
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222:lamina lucida
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40:
36:
31:
19:
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3052:
3002:
2886:of Hallopeau
2850:Acantholysis
2794:
2783:
2772:
2761:
2750:
2726:
2715:
2704:
2689:
2674:
2631:. Retrieved
2603:
2599:
2554:
2550:
2497:
2493:
2482:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2398:
2394:
2383:
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2239:
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2188:
2184:
2178:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2042:
2038:
2032:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1948:
1945:Der Hautarzt
1944:
1938:
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1891:
1881:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1789:
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212:Circulating
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2551:Dermatology
458:sulfonamide
426:lymphocytes
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418:neutrophils
378:laminin-332
351:neutrophils
329:-2 allele,
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178:conjunctiva
168:to appear.
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2717:DiseasesDB
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291:amiodarone
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2308:0007-0963
2256:0307-6938
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2154:0736-8046
2111:0190-9622
2059:0007-0963
2016:0190-9622
1965:0017-8470
1912:0003-9888
1857:0770-3198
1806:1365-2133
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1704:0007-0963
1653:0011-9059
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741:1085-5629
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436:Treatment
396:Diagnosis
337:Mechanism
303:phenytoin
295:captopril
255:Psoriasis
198:cheilitis
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