324:
A phonetically consistent treatment strategy means practicing the same thing over and over. What is practiced is consistent and does not change. The words might change, but the phoneme and its positioning is the same (say, sip, sill, soap, ...). Thus, successful correction of the disorder is found in
328:
When the difficult sound is mastered, the student will then learn to say the sound in syllables, then words, then phrases and then sentences. When a student can speak a whole sentence without lisping, attention is then focused on making correct sounds throughout natural conversation. Towards the end
223:
Successful treatments have shown that causes are functional rather than physical: that is, most lisps are caused by errors in tongue placement or density of the tongue within the mouth rather than caused by any injury or congenital or acquired deformity to the mouth. The most frequently discussed of
308:
Another popular method for treating a lisp is using specially designed devices that go in the mouth to provide a tactile cue of exactly where the tongue should be positioned when saying the "S" sound. This tactile feedback has been shown to correct lisp errors twice as fast as traditional therapy.
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Starting practice words would most likely consist of "S-initial" words such as "say, sun, soap, sip, sick, said, sail." According to this protocol, the SLP slowly increases the complexity of tasks (context of pronunciations) as the production of the sound improves. Examples of increased complexity
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A student with an articulation or lisp disorder has a deficiency in one or more of these areas. To correct the deficiency, adjustments have to be made in one or more of these processes. The process to correct it is more often than not, trial and error. With so many factors, however, isolating the
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Using either or both methods, the repetition of consistent contexts allows the student to align all the necessary processes required to properly produce language; language skills (ability to formulate correct sounds in the brain: What sounds do I need to make?),
325:
manipulating or changing the other factors involved with speech production (tongue positioning, cerebral processing, etc.). Once a successful result (speech) is achieved, then consistent practice becomes essential to reinforcing correct productions.
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305:) and that the context of production must be consistent. Consistency is critical, because factors such as the position within the word, grouping with other sounds (vowels or consonants), and the complexity all may affect production.
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for interdental sibilants is and and for simple dental sibilants is and . When a fronted lisp does not have a sibilant quality, due to placing the lack of a grooved articulation, the IPA transcription would be or variants
281:, is selected as a target for treatment. Typically the position of the sound within a word is considered and targeted. The sound appears in the beginning of the word, middle, or end of the word (initial, medial, or final).
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Using this method, the SLP achieves success with their student by targeting a sound in a phonetically consistent manner. Phonetic consistency means that a target sound is isolated at the smallest possible level (phoneme,
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of the course of therapy, the student will be taught how to monitor his or her own speech, and how to correct as necessary. Speech therapy can sometimes fix the problem, but in some cases speech therapy fails to work.
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is where the speaker attempts to make a sibilant while the middle of the tongue is in contact with the soft palate, or with a posterior articulation of the sibilant. The latter may be transcribed and , and , or the
232:
or tongue tie can also be responsible for lisps in children — however, it is unclear whether these deficiencies are caused by the tongue tie itself or the muscle weakness following the correction of the tongue tie.
176:
occurs when the and sounds are produced with air-flow over the sides of the tongue. It is also called "slushy ess" or a "slushy lisp" in part due to its wet, spitty sound. The symbols for these
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results in a high-frequency whistle or hissing sound caused by stream passing between the tongue and the hard surface. In the extensions to the IPA, whistled sibilants are transcribed and .
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occurs when part or the entire air stream is directed through the nasal cavity. The transcription for sibilants with nasal frication in the extensions to the IPA is and ; simple
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317:(voicing and jaw and tongue movements: How do I produce the sound?), and auditory processing (receptive feedback: Was the sound produced correctly? Do I need to correct?).
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may also contribute to non lingual lisping. Temporary lisps can be caused by dental work, excess saliva, mouthguards, dental appliances such as dentures,
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One popular method of correcting articulation or lisp disorders is to isolate sounds and work on correcting the sound in isolation. The basic sound, or
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Take for example, correction of an "S" sound (lisp). Most likely, a speech language pathologist (SLP) would employ exercises to work on
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in which the tongue protrudes beyond the front teeth. This protrusion affects speech as well as swallowing and can lead to lisping.
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Kupietzky A, Botzer E (2005). "Ankyloglossia in the infant and young child: clinical suggestions for diagnosis and management".
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With an interdental lisp, the therapist teaches the student how to keep the tongue behind the two front incisors.
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Caroline Bowen (23 November 2011) "Lisping - When /s/ and /z/ are hard to say", speech-language-therapy dot com
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could include saying words in phrases and sentences, saying longer multi syllabic words, or increasing the
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Suter VG, Bornstein MM (August 2009). "Ankyloglossia: facts and myths in diagnosis and treatment".
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is produced when the tip of the tongue just touches the front teeth. The transcription in the
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is produced when the tip of the tongue protrudes between the front teeth and
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477:"Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia: methodologic review"
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135:). These misarticulations often result in unclear speech in languages with
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variables (the sound) is imperative to getting to the result faster.
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Beth
Morrisey MLIS (25 September 2012) "Lisps", SpeechDisorder.co.uk
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can be treated by a dentist or otolaryngologist (ENT) with a
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occurs when the tongue is placed anterior to the target.
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Segal LM, Stephenson R, Dawes M, Feldman P (June 2007).
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Behavior
Disorders in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
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245:, or retainers or by swollen or bruised tongues.
182:extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
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757:Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
374:"Lisping - when /s/ and /z/ are hard to say"
427:. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 470.
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899:Learning problems in childhood cancer
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843:Developmental coordination disorder
425:BMA A-Z Family Medical Encyclopedia
16:For the programming language, see
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67:in which a person misarticulates
986:Specific developmental disorders
704:specific developmental disorders
184:for disordered speech are and .
162:International Phonetic Alphabet
848:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
825:Disorder of written expression
767:Speech and language impairment
1:
339:Rhotacism (speech impediment)
864:Auditory processing disorder
762:Specific language impairment
732:Expressive language disorder
869:Sensory processing disorder
18:Lisp (programming language)
1004:
15:
914:Multisensory integration
742:Landau–Kleffner syndrome
578:Wilson LB (April 1999).
398:John M. Reisman (1986).
341:, 'lisp' on the letter R
557:10.1902/jop.2009.090086
450:"Tongue Tie in Infants"
423:Peters M (2006-11-01).
909:Management of dyslexia
20:. For other uses, see
782:Speech sound disorder
350:Speech sound disorder
22:Lisp (disambiguation)
960:People with dyslexia
955:Dyslexia in fiction
929:Reading acquisition
802:Learning disability
580:"Unlearning a lisp"
154:Interdental lisping
293:of pronunciation.
264:lingual frenectomy
224:these problems is
158:dentalized lisping
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889:Dyslexia research
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792:Tip of the tongue
747:Language disorder
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481:Can Fam Physician
409:978-0-394-35576-4
372:Bowen, Caroline.
65:speech impairment
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27:Medical condition
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981:Speech disorders
737:Infantile speech
719:Speech, language
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456:on 15 April 2013
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402:. Random House.
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376:. Archived from
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258:Lisps caused by
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518:Pediatr Dent
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458:. Retrieved
454:the original
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382:. Retrieved
378:the original
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211:palatal lisp
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172:lateral lisp
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150:frontal lisp
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815:Dyscalculia
524:(1): 40–6.
178:lateralised
139:sibilants.
38:Other names
975:Categories
820:Dysgraphia
787:Stuttering
711:Conditions
384:2006-03-07
356:References
286:"Sssssss."
260:tongue tie
254:Frenectomy
239:underbites
199:are and .
191:nasal lisp
52:Pediatrics
590:(3): 172.
584:Parenting
303:allophone
249:Treatment
235:Overbites
69:sibilants
47:Specialty
41:Sigmatism
934:Spelling
904:Literacy
810:Dyslexia
700:Dyslexia
565:19656020
530:15839394
503:17872781
460:14 March
333:See also
165:thereof.
137:phonemic
857:Sensory
494:1949218
279:phoneme
721:, and
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219:Causes
63:is a
948:Lists
836:Motor
645:307.9
630:F80.8
301:, or
299:phone
291:tempo
214:like.
143:Types
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129:[
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752:Lisp
640:9-CM
561:PMID
526:PMID
499:PMID
462:2013
429:ISBN
404:ISBN
237:and
61:lisp
33:Lisp
636:ICD
621:ICD
553:doi
489:PMC
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