1213:
265:
402:
81:
1187:
65:
730:
1148:
841:
45:
991:
557:
431:
von
Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann".
534:
225:
189:
157:
129:
105:
37:
under that system. These instruments are single-stringed heterochord musical bows with an attached resonator but without a tuning noose.
1192:
17:
69:: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument
591:
527:
474:
Graham, Richard (Spring–Summer 1991). "Technology and
Culture Change: The Development of the "Berimbau" in Colonial Brazil".
543:
520:
1099:
1164:
1030:
289:
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
650:
491:
448:
1125:
1087:
54:
1113:
568:
483:
482:(1). Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana, Vol. 12, No. 1: 1–20.
440:
347:
1119:
699:
686:
386:
85:: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (
1158:
1105:
1207:
909:
723:
622:
1143:
1010:
915:
756:
607:
1093:
892:
878:
865:
836:
750:
671:
661:
395:
324:
50:
133:: Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer
946:
762:
86:
986:
971:
676:
552:
49:: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (
512:
1172:
940:
870:
378:
309:
783:
495:
452:
1079:
854:
487:
444:
18:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel-Sachs number: 311.121.221
1070:
633:
957:
934:
516:
476:
Latin
American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana
504:
a higher social status as a
Brazilian national instrument.
1214:
Lists of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
33:, covering those instruments that are classified under
1188:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
109:: Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer
1140:
1060:
1000:
984:
924:
850:
833:
812:
792:
776:
739:
721:
697:
648:
605:
566:
550:
500:Although this metamorphosis insured the emerging
161:: Instruments with only one heterochord string
31:list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number
528:
439:. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14: 3–29.
229:: Instrument has a resonator that is attached
8:
997:
847:
736:
563:
535:
521:
513:
358:
269:: Instrument does not have a tuning noose
466:
7:
25:
1193:Musical instrument classification
368:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1:
193:: Instrument has a resonator
1230:
433:The Galpin Society Journal
355:: Using a mechanical drive
1183:
302:: Bare hands and fingers
1020:412.1. Idiophonic/reed
544:Hornbostel–Sachs system
370:
367:
364:
361:
1040:412.2. Non-idiophonic
296:: Hammers or beaters
1035:412.14. Band/Ribbon
596:112.2. Scraped/rasp
1169:53. Radioelectric
1026:412.12. Percussive
1023:412.11. Concussive
1017:412. Interruptive
1007:411. Displacement
55:string instruments
1201:
1200:
1136:
1135:
1075:421.1. Non-fipple
980:
979:
829:
828:
717:
716:
582:111.2. Percussion
579:111.1. Concussion
422:
421:
407:on unaccompanied
16:(Redirected from
1221:
1046:412.21. Whirling
1043:412.21. Rotating
998:
848:
822:242. Tube/vessel
737:
587:112. Indirectly
564:
537:
530:
523:
514:
507:
506:
471:
456:
415:
414:
413:
411:
394:Single-stringed
359:
338:: Using a ribbon
21:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1179:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1062:
1056:
989:
976:
926:
920:
862:311. Bar/stick
852:
839:
835:
825:
808:
788:
772:
728:
725:
713:
693:
687:Glass harmonica
644:
601:
555:
546:
541:
511:
510:
473:
472:
468:
463:
430:
427:
417:
405:Toque de Angola
403:
401:
400:
399:
398:
383:
332:: Using a wheel
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1002:
995:
982:
981:
978:
977:
975:
974:
968:
967:
966:
963:
954:
953:
952:
949:
943:
930:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
912:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
889:
888:
887:
884:
875:
874:
873:
868:
859:
857:
845:
831:
830:
827:
826:
824:
823:
820:
816:
814:
810:
809:
807:
806:
803:
800:
796:
794:
790:
789:
787:
786:
780:
778:
774:
773:
771:
770:
767:
766:
765:
759:
753:
746:211. Directly
743:
741:
734:
719:
718:
715:
714:
712:
711:
708:
704:
702:
695:
694:
692:
691:
690:
689:
681:
680:
679:
674:
666:
665:
664:
655:
653:
646:
645:
643:
642:
641:
640:
639:122.2. Cut out
637:
627:
626:
625:
619:
612:
610:
603:
602:
600:
599:
598:
597:
594:
590:112.1. Shaken/
585:
584:
583:
580:
576:111. Directly
573:
571:
561:
548:
547:
542:
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
509:
508:
488:10.2307/780049
465:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
445:10.2307/842168
426:
423:
420:
419:
392:
389:
384:
373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
357:
356:
350:
341:
340:
339:
333:
327:
312:
303:
297:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
270:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
230:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
197:
196:
195:
194:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
73:
72:
71:
70:
59:
58:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1226:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1165:Amplification
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
988:
983:
973:
969:
964:
961:
960:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
942:
938:
937:
936:
932:
931:
929:
923:
917:
913:
911:
907:
904:
899:
896:
895:
894:
890:
885:
882:
881:
880:
876:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
860:
858:
856:
849:
846:
843:
838:
832:
821:
818:
817:
815:
811:
804:
801:
798:
797:
795:
791:
785:
782:
781:
779:
775:
768:
764:
760:
758:
754:
752:
748:
747:
745:
744:
742:
738:
735:
732:
727:
720:
709:
706:
705:
703:
701:
696:
688:
685:
684:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
667:
663:
660:
659:
657:
656:
654:
652:
647:
638:
635:
632:122.1. Lace (
631:
630:
628:
624:
620:
617:
616:
614:
613:
611:
609:
604:
595:
593:
589:
588:
586:
581:
578:
577:
575:
574:
572:
570:
565:
562:
559:
554:
549:
545:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
518:
515:
505:
503:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
470:
467:
460:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
428:
424:
418:
412:
410:
406:
397:
393:
390:
388:
385:
382:
381:
380:
375:
374:
360:
354:
351:
349:
345:
342:
337:
334:
331:
328:
326:
322:
319:
318:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
291:
290:
268:
267:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
247:
246:
228:
227:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
192:
191:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
160:
159:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
132:
131:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
108:
107:
103:
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
68:
67:
63:
62:
61:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
41:
38:
36:
32:
27:
19:
1144:Electrophone
1053:413. Plosive
965:322.2. Frame
951:321.3.Handle
871:Stick zither
793:23. Friction
683:133. Vessel
668:132. Plaque
618:121.1. Clack
501:
499:
479:
475:
469:
436:
432:
416:
408:
404:
391:311.121.222
377:
376:
371:Description
352:
343:
335:
329:
320:
314:
305:
299:
293:
288:
264:
224:
188:
156:
128:
104:
80:
64:
51:chordophones
44:
39:
34:
30:
28:
26:
1100:Single reed
1094:Double reed
962:322.1. Open
900:Heterochord
866:Musical bow
837:Chordophone
813:24. Singing
777:22. Plucked
769:212. Shaken
710:142. Plaque
672:Musical saw
662:Nail violin
658:131. Stick
615:121. Frame
396:musical bow
362:Instrument
266:311.121.221
87:bar zithers
35:311.121.221
905:314. Board
851:31. Simple
799:231. Stick
740:21. Struck
707:141. Stick
629:122. Comb
425:References
365:Tradition
323:: Using a
226:311.121.22
29:This is a
1126:Chromatic
1031:Free reed
987:Aerophone
972:Harp lute
927:Composite
897:Idiochord
819:241. Free
805:233. Hand
802:232. Cord
677:Daxophone
623:Guimbarde
553:Idiophone
317:: Bowing
190:311.121.2
1208:Category
1173:Theremin
1106:Reedpipe
1063:Non-free
1029:412.13.
1001:41. Free
724:Membran-
651:Friction
502:berimbau
409:berimbau
379:berimbau
348:Keyboard
310:Plectrum
1120:Natural
1104:422.3.
1098:422.2.
1092:422.1.
1078:421.2.
945:321.2.
939:321.1.
784:Nyatiti
761:211.3.
757:Tubular
755:211.2.
749:211.1.
621:121.2.
608:Plucked
158:311.121
1159:Action
1124:423.2
1118:423.1
1080:Fipple
910:Trough
855:zither
726:ophone
592:rattle
569:Struck
496:780049
494:
453:842168
451:
387:Brazil
130:311.12
1114:Brass
1112:423.
1086:422.
1071:Flute
1069:421.
970:323.
956:322.
933:321.
916:Frame
914:316.
908:315.
891:313.
883:Whole
877:312.
763:Frame
700:Blown
634:Mbira
492:JSTOR
461:Notes
449:JSTOR
106:311.1
1163:52.
1157:51.
1149:list
1088:Reed
1011:Whip
992:list
958:Harp
947:Yoke
935:Lute
893:Raft
886:Half
879:Tube
842:list
751:Bowl
731:list
698:14.
649:13.
606:12.
567:11.
558:list
1061:42.
985:4.
941:Bow
925:32.
722:2.
551:1.
484:doi
441:doi
325:bow
82:311
1210::
1141:5.
853:/
834:3.
498:.
490:.
480:12
478:.
447:.
437:14
435:.
346::
336:73
330:72
321:71
308::
66:31
57:).
53:,
1151:)
1147:(
994:)
990:(
844:)
840:(
733:)
729:(
636:)
560:)
556:(
536:e
529:t
522:v
486::
455:.
443::
353:9
344:8
315:7
306:6
300:5
294:4
89:)
46:3
20:)
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