List of musical symbols - Knowledge (XXG)

2844: 1377: 930: 1362: 2083: 2008: 842: 828: 2948:). Sometimes, it also denotes that the note to be played is an open string. On a valved brass instrument, it means to play the note "open" (without lowering any valve, or without mute). In organ notation, this means to play a pedal note with the heel (above the note, use the right foot; below the note, use the left foot). In percussion notation this denotes, among many other specific uses, to open the hi-hat by releasing the pedal, or allow an instrument to ring. 1852: 1984: 865: 1455: 1928: 1908: 2029: 1968: 1876: 1325: 2434: 782: 1487: 796: 1210: 819: 654: 640: 1198: 2281: 2317: 2909: 2187: 759: 5116: 773: 631: 617: 529: 1952: 1892: 2487: 1145: 2505: 883: 594: 1308: 709: 956: 911: 499: 2456: 1548: 1262: 1127: 732: 805: 750: 2064: 2881: 2381: 1737: 1288: 1267: 5106: 677: 663: 186: 146: 1622: 2045: 2929: 2609: 2168: 1815: 1236: 851: 700: 686: 2753: 2995: 2571: 2410: 2263: 2243: 1762: 1585: 1424: 1109: 906: 538: 2312: 1017: 3284: 3056: 2590: 2451: 2212: 1690: 2677: 2659: 991: 170: 3300: 3264: 2719: 2955: 2694: 2547: 2461: 2376: 1781: 1091: 301: 608: 409: 100: 76: 3317: 3035: 1685: 1069: 878: 488: 400: 470: 2787: 1241: 331: 118: 479: 461: 440: 2807: 723: 202: 1666: 2521:, the miniature note still positioned behind the main note but on the same line or space of the staff. The flam note is usually played just before the natural durational subdivision the main note is played on, with the timing and duration of the main note remaining unchanged. Also known by the English translation of the Italian term, 386:, C clefs were frequently seen pointing to other lines (it is sometimes called a "movable clef"), mostly in vocal music, but this has been supplanted by the universal use of the treble and bass clefs. Modern editions of music from such periods generally rewrite the original C-clef parts to either treble (female voices), 2476:) indicates a sequence of upper auxiliary note, principal note, lower auxiliary note, and a return to the principal note. When placed to the right of the note, the principal note is played first, followed by the above pattern. Placing a vertical line through the turn symbol or inverting it, it indicates an 3309:

More accurately indicates the precise use of the sustain pedal. Initial depress and final release are indicated by the short vertical lines. The extended horizontal line tells the player to keep the sustain pedal depressed for all notes below which it appears. The inverted «V» (Λ) shape indicates the

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Denote that preceding groups of beats or measures are to be repeated. In the examples here, the first usually means to repeat the previous measure, and the second usually means to repeat the previous two measures. This mark is normally only used in styles of music in which the players commonly expect

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The acciaccatura is of very brief duration, as though brushed on the way to the principal note, which receives virtually all of its notated duration. In some styles of music, the acciaccatura is played exactly on the beat and the principal note is marginally late; in other styles, the acciaccatura is

1415:

Most music has a rhythmic pulse with a uniform number of beats—each segment of this pulse is shown as a measure. Time signatures indicate the number of beats in each measure (the top number) and also show what type of note represents a single beat (the bottom number). There may be any number of beats

549:

Used in place of ordinary staff notation for some string instruments, such as the guitar. Not a true clef—the lines and spaces do not represent pitches. The lines represent the strings of an instrument (for standard 6-stringed guitars, six lines would be used). Numbers on the lines show which fret to

2392:

A rapid alternation between the specified note and the next higher note (determined by key signature) within its duration, also called a "shake". When followed by a wavy horizontal line, this symbol indicates an extended, or running, trill. In music up to the time of Haydn or Mozart the trill begins

894:

Eighth notes (quavers) and shorter notes have flags to indicate their duration, but beams can be used instead of flags to connect groups of these notes. This is usually done to indicate a rhythmic grouping but can also be used to connect notes in ametrical passages. The number of beams is equivalent

449:

Treble and bass clefs can be modified by octave numbers. An "8" below the clef (as in the diagram) indicates that pitches will sound an octave lower than they would with the unmodified clef. A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches

88:

The five-line staff (often "stave" in British usage) is used to indicate pitch. Each line or space indicates the pitch belonging to a note with a letter name: A, B, C, D, E, F, G. Moving vertically upwards, the letter names proceed alphabetically with the alternating lines and spaces, and represent

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A tuplet is a group of notes that would not normally fit into the rhythmic space they occupy. The example shown is a quarter-note triplet—three quarter notes are to be played in the space that would normally contain two. (To determine how many "normal" notes are being replaced by the tuplet, it is

1754:

A continuous, uninterrupted glide from one note to the next that includes the pitches between. Some instruments such as the violin can make this glide continuously (portamento), while other instruments such as the harp blur the discrete pitches between the start and end notes to mimic a continuous

2292:

A marcato marking indicates that the note should be played louder or more forcefully than a note with a regular accent mark. In organ notation, this sign often does not indicate marcato, but instead that a pedal note should be played with the toe. When placed above the note it indicates the right

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Dynamics are relative, and the meaning of each level is at the discretion of the performer or the conductor. Laws to curb high noise levels in the workplace have changed the interpretation of very loud dynamics in some large orchestral works, as noise levels within the orchestra itself can easily

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time, indicating 6 beats per measure, with an eighth note representing one beat. The rhythm within each measure is divided into two groups of three eighth notes each (notated by beaming in groups of three). This indicates a pulse that follows the eighth notes (as expected) along with a pulse that

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of the music on that staff. A clef is usually the leftmost symbol on a staff, although a different clef may appear elsewhere to indicate a change in register. Historically, clefs could be placed on any line on a staff (or even on a space), but modern notation almost exclusively uses treble, bass,

2902:, this accent indicates a "stopped note" (a note played with the stopping hand shoved further into the bell of the horn). In percussion this notation denotes, among many other specific uses, to close the hi-hat by pressing the pedal, or that an instrument is to be "choked" (muted with the hand). 2422:

Rapidly play the principal note, the next higher note (according to key signature) then return to the principal note for the remaining duration. In some music, the mordent begins on the auxiliary note, and the alternation between the two notes may be extended. (In other words, in some music, the

2328:

A rapidly repeated note. If the tremolo is between two notes, then they are played in rapid alternation. The number of slashes through the stem (or number of diagonal bars between two notes) indicates the frequency to repeat (or alternate) the note. As shown here, the note is to be repeated at a

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This indicates that the note should be played even shorter than staccato. It is usually applied to quarter notes or shorter notes. In the past this marking's meaning was more ambiguous—it was sometimes used interchangeably with staccato and sometimes indicated an accent and not a shortened note.

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Placing a dot to the right of a notehead lengthens the note's duration by one-half. Additional dots lengthen the previous dot instead of the original note, thus a note with one dot is one and one half its original value, a note with two dots is one and three quarters—use of more than two dots is

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Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, London 1958. I,33 and III,25. The former shows both rest forms without distinction, the latter the "old" form only. The book was the standard theory manual in the UK up until at least 1975. The "old" form was taught as a manuscript variant of the

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of the music and eliminates the need to use accidentals for the notes that are always flat or sharp in that key. A key signature with no flats or sharps generally indicates the key of C major or A minor, but can also indicate that pitches will be notated with accidentals as required. The key

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When tied together, two notes with the same pitch are played as a single note. The length of this single note is the sum of the time values of the two tied notes. The symbol for the tie and the symbol for the slur appear the same, but a tie can only join two notes of the same pitch.

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sometimes necessary to examine the context.) While triplets are the most common version, many other tuplets are possible: five notes in the space of four, seven notes in the space of eight, etc. Specific tuplets are named according to the number of grouped notes; e.g., quintuplets.

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in a measure but the most common by far are multiples of 2 or 3 (i.e., a top number of 2, 3, 4, or 6). Likewise, any note length can be used to represent a beat, but a quarter note (indicated by a bottom number of 4) or eighth note (bottom number of 8) are by far the most common.

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This symbol indicates that the note should be played at its full value, or slightly longer. It can also indicate a degree of emphasis, especially when combined with dynamic markings to indicate a change in loudness, or combined with a staccato dot to indicate a slight detachment

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Lowers the pitch of a note by one quarter tone. (Another notation for the demiflat is a flat with a diagonal slash through its stem. In systems where pitches are divided into intervals smaller than a quarter tone, the slashed flat represents a lower note than the reversed flat.)

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Literally "suddenly forced", denotes an abrupt, fierce accent on a single sound or chord. When written out in full, it applies to the sequence of sounds or chords under or over which it is placed. The weaker version is ''forzando/forzato''. Sforzando is not to be confused with

1719:

While the slur symbol and the tie symbol appear the same, a tie can only connect exactly two notes of the same pitch; a slur can connect two or more of any pitches. In vocal music a slur normally indicates that notes under the slur should be sung to a single

899:). Modern notation of vocal music encourages the use of beaming in a consistent manner with instrumental engraving, however. In non-traditional meters, beaming is at the discretion of composers and arrangers and can be used to emphasize a rhythmic pattern. 895:

to the number of flags on the note value—eighth notes are beamed together with a single beam, sixteenth notes with two, and so on. In older printings of vocal music, the use of beams is sometimes reserved for notes that are sung on one syllable of text (

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This indicates that the note should be played shorter than notated, usually half the value, leaving the rest of the metric value silent. Staccato marks may appear on notes of any value, shortening their performed duration without speeding up the music.

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indicate which notes are to be played as sharps or flats in the music that follows, showing up to seven sharps or flats. Notes that are shown as sharp or flat in a key signature will be played that way in every octave—e.g., a key signature with a

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marginally early and the principal note is on the beat. It is also possible on some instruments to play both notes exactly on the beat and then quickly release the acciaccatura. In percussion notation, the acciaccatura symbol denotes the

1381:) while the 7th, 13th, 17th and 19th are labeled with harmonic flats and harmonic sharps relative to C (because the 17th and 19th harmonics are closer to equal temperament than the (unlabeled) 5th, labeling of those is seldom necessary). 317:

The spiral of a G clef (not a point on the spiral, but the center around which the spiral is drawn) shows where the G above middle C is located on the staff. A G clef with the spiral centered on the second line of the staff is called

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Rapidly play the principal note, the note below it, then return to the principal note for the remaining duration. In much music, the mordent begins on the auxiliary note, and the alternation between the two notes may be extended.

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treble (tenors), or bass clef (tenors and basses). The C clef was sometimes placed on the third space of the staff (equivalent to an octave treble clef) but this usage is unusual since all other modern clefs are placed on lines.

429:, which is by far its most common usage. Bass clef appears nearly as often as treble clef in modern music notation. In older notation, particularly for vocal music, F clefs were sometimes centered on the third line ( 2255:

A fermata indicates that a note, chord, or rest is sustained longer than its written value. It will usually appear on all parts in an ensemble. The fermata is held for as long as the performer or conductor desires.

1650:. This is a tempo marking, not a time signature—it is independent of how the beats are grouped (the top number in a time signature), although it defines the tempo in terms of the counting note (the bottom number). 2687:

to play repeated patterns, and in which the mark is therefore frequently encountered; in styles where such a mark would be unusual, repeated measures are written out in full, or the "repeat sign" is used instead.

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The center of a C clef points to the line representing middle C. The first illustration here is centered on the third line on the staff, making that line middle C. When placed there, the clef is called

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These additional lines (and the spaces they form) indicate pitches above or below the staff. The diagram shows one ledger line above the staff and one below, but multiple ledger lines can be used.

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demisemiquaver (thirty-second note) rate, but it is a common convention for three slashes to be interpreted as "as fast as possible", or at any rate at a speed to be left to the player's judgment.

1373:, labeled with their number (top line), frequency ratios (second line) and interval size in cents (bottom). The 11th harmonic is notated with the arrow notation for a demisharp (F↑ as opposed to F 1730:) is visually identical to a slur but connects a passage of music over several measures. A phrase mark indicates a musical phrase and may not necessarily require that the music be slurred. 1638:

of the music by assigning an absolute duration to each beat. This example indicates a tempo of 120 quarter notes (crotchets) per minute. Many publishers precede the marking with letters "

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A chord with notes played in rapid succession, usually ascending, each note being sustained as the others are played. It is also called a broken chord, a rolled chord, or an arpeggio.

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A repeated passage is to be played with different endings on different playings. Although two endings are most common, it is possible to have multiple endings (1st, 2nd, 3rd ...).

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Enclose a passage that is to be played more than once. If there is no left repeat sign, the right repeat sign sends the performer back to the start of the piece or the movement.

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Simple time signatures are usually classified as those with an upper number of 2, 3, or 4. This example shows that each measure is the length of three quarter notes (crotchets).

2363:) for a period equivalent to the duration of the note. In other cases, the interpretation of tremolos is highly variable, and should be examined by the director and performers. 2205:

These usages are now almost defunct but still appear in some scores. For string instruments this indicates a bowing technique in which the bow bounces lightly upon the string.

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notation system derived from the names of the fingers in Spanish or Latin. They are written above, below, or beside the note to which they are attached. They read as follows:

2160:. Articulations can be combined with one another and may appear in conjunction with phrasing marks (above). Any of these markings may be placed either above or below a note. 1705:, the others are not. For bowed instruments this entails playing the notes in a single bow movement, for wind instruments (aerophones) the first note of the slurred group is 2918:

On a stringed instrument, a note played by stretching a string away from the frame of the instrument and letting it go, making it "snap" against the frame. Also known as a

1713:, the notes are connected in a phrase, as if a singer were to sing them in a single breath. In certain contexts a slur may instead indicate that the notes are to be played 2343:. Typically, a single tremolo line on a sufficiently short note (such as a sixteenth) is played as a drag, and a combination of three stem and tremolo lines indicates a 1574:

time—four beats per measure with a quarter note representing one beat. It derives from the broken circle that represented "imperfect" duple meter in fourteenth-century

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values have names that indicate their length relative to a whole note. A half note is half the length of a whole note, a quarter note is one quarter the length, etc.

243:

A bracket is used to connect two or more lines of music that sound simultaneously. In contemporary usage it usually connects staves of individual instruments (e.g.,

1389:, where a whole tone is divided into three steps instead of two, music is typically notated in a way that flats and sharps are not usually enharmonic (thus a C 27:

that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including

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Meaning "nothing". May be used at the start of a crescendo to indicate "start from nothing" or at the end of a diminuendo to indicate "fade out to nothing".

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The listener is right to suspect a Baroque reference when a double-dotted rhythmic gesture and semihemidemisemiquaver triplets appear to ornament the theme.

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An accent indicates that a note should be played louder, or with a harder attack than surrounding unaccented notes. It may appear on notes of any duration.

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An F clef places the F below middle C on the line between the dots. When placing the F below middle C on the fourth line, as shown here, it is called

93:

is almost always added, which assigns one specific pitch to one specific line; the other lines and spaces are determined alphabetically as described.

59:(e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which fingers, keys, or pedals are to be used, whether a 2898:

A note on a stringed instrument where the string is plucked with the left hand (the hand that usually stops the strings) rather than bowed. On the

512:. Not a true clef—the lines and spaces do not indicate pitches—but it occupies the position of a clef. In this case, the lines and spaces indicate 4320:

Haas, David (2011). "Shostakovich's Second Piano Sonata: A Composition Recital in Three Styles". In Fairclough, Pauline; Fanning, David (eds.).

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A clef assigns one particular pitch to one particular line of the staff on which it is placed. This also effectively defines the pitch range or

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The first half of the principal note's duration has the pitch of the grace note (the first two-thirds if the principal note is a dotted note).

2423:

upper-mordent sign means exactly the same as the trill sign.) Regardless of the style of music, the pattern finishes on the principal note. In

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Indicates a forward jump in the music to its coda (ending passage), which is marked with the same sign. Only used after playing through a

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modify the pitch of the notes that follow them on the same staff position within a measure, unless cancelled by an additional accidental.

211:

A brace is used to connect two or more lines of music that are played simultaneously, usually by a single player, generally when using a

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The thumb is also used by the cello and bass, usually denoted by ϙ (a circle with a line coming out the bottom), or, more rarely, a T.

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A natural cancels a sharp or flat. This sharp or flat may have been indicated as an accidental or defined by the key signature.

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Examples of the older rest symbol are found in the work of English music publishers up to the 20th century, e.g., W. A. Mozart

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Raises the pitch of a note by three quarter tones. Occasionally represented with two vertical and three diagonal bars instead.

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On a bowed string instrument, the note is played while drawing the bow upward. On a plucked string instrument played with a

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In contrast to the up bow, here the bow is drawn downward to create sound. On a plucked string instrument played with a

857: 1376: 5050: 4914: 2730:(lit. "From top") Tells the performer to repeat playing of the music from its beginning. This is usually followed by 450:

one or two octaves higher. A treble clef with an eight below is the most common version, typically used in music for

360:

but sometimes used for other instruments. The second illustration shows the clef centered on the fourth line—called

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Fingering numbers are similar to piano, except there is no 5 as the little finger is not used in playing the harp.

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Marks the end of a composition or movement, usually following a repeat command such as D.C. al fine or D.S.

2764:(lit. "From the sign") Tells the performer to repeat playing of the music starting at the nearest preceding 1370: 1335: 550:

use. Because the lines represent strings rather than pitches, the spaces between the lines are never used.

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instruments), or to leave a slight space (for other instruments). This marking does not affect the tempo.

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A symbol with one vertical and three diagonal bars indicates a sharp with some form of alternate tuning.

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involves writing the fraction ¼ next to an arrow pointing up or down. Below are other forms of notation:

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but the rest of the notes are not—they are played in one continuous breath. On other instruments, like

2427:, this symbol is a "shake" and indicates the rapid shaking of the bells for the duration of the note. 1464:

In a compound meter, there is an additional rhythmic grouping within each measure. This example shows

1361: 929: 4786: 4584: 2518: 2153: 1702: 1386: 1343: 949:) notehead instead of an oval. It is primarily used to represent percussive pitches or spoken words. 454:

or tenor voice. Sometimes a shift of one octave up is indicated by drawing two clefs instead of one.

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Can be extended under many notes to indicate that the volume steadily decreases during the passage.

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Can be extended under many notes to indicate that the volume steadily increases during the passage.

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These can be used to subdivide measures of complex meter into shorter segments for ease of reading.

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ascending pitches. The A-G pattern repeats continually—the note above "G" is always another "A". A

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Sounds That Resonate: Selected Developments in Western Bar Percussion During the Twentieth Century

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The multi-measure rest is a compact way to indicate multiple measures of rest. It is also called

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Extremely loud. Louder dynamics occur very infrequently and would be specified with additional

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Extremely soft. Softer dynamics occur very infrequently and would be specified with additional

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should be bowed or plucked, or whether the bow of a string instrument should move up or down).

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Indicates that the note is to be played with a loud attack, and then immediately become soft.

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on the upper auxiliary note. In percussion notation, a trill is sometimes used to indicate a

5030: 4834: 4809: 4761: 4634: 4558: 4504: 4430: 4329: 4188: 2742:(lit. "to the tail"), which means repeat up to the coda sign and then jump forward into the 2366: 2156:

specify the length, volume, and style of attack of individual notes. This category includes

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is placed above the staff to indicate that the passage is to be played two octaves higher.

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is placed below the staff to indicate that the passage is to be played two octaves lower.

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is placed below the staff to indicate that the passage is to be played one octave lower.

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This symbol indicates that no mute is used. It is generally seen after a muted section.

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Contemporary Orchestration: A Practical Guide to Instruments, Ensembles, and Musicians

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Used to indicate the first note on the next staff of the following page. Similar to a

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The organ has many different abbreviations for its keyboards in European languages.

2280: 1224:, with varying systems being used depending on the situation. A common notation for 1197: 941:

A ghost note has a rhythmic value but no discernible pitch. It is represented by a (

882: 5000: 4990: 4965: 4876: 4839: 4741: 4729: 4719: 4682: 4669: 4619: 4145: 4135: 3253: 3046: 2908: 2893: 2813: 2743: 2511: 2493: 2467: 2460: 2186: 1951: 1891: 1794: 1696: 1366: 1278: 1225: 1151: 1075: 910: 889: 772: 758: 715: 630: 616: 572: 568: 528: 99: 56: 44: 4333: 2504: 2486: 1144: 593: 1540:. These time signatures cannot be evenly subdivided into groups of two or three. 520:. It may also be drawn on a single-line staff for single percussion instruments. 155:

These indicate some change in the music, such as a new musical section, or a new

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is used or when indicating groups of similar instruments in a conductor's score.

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Dynamics are indicators of the relative intensity or volume of a musical line.

1547: 1261: 1126: 804: 749: 731: 4975: 4849: 4714: 4709: 4515: 4160: 3342: 3249: 2880: 2570: 2380: 2138:", these words (formed by adding an additional "iss") are not proper Italian. 2044: 1749: 1736: 1621: 1591: 1287: 936: 676: 669: 662: 562: 345: 185: 145: 135:. They sometimes extend through multiple staves to group them together when a 2944:

On a stringed instrument, this means to play a natural harmonic (also called

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of the root (bottom) of the chord. The diagram shows a specific example, the

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Semihemidemisemiquaver / Quasihemidemisemiquaver / Hundred twenty-eighth note

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A chord is several notes sounded simultaneously. Two-note chords are called

1743: 1647: 1628: 1235: 1003: 850: 699: 692: 685: 544: 419: 341: 322:. The treble clef is the most commonly encountered clef in modern notation. 289: 4509: 3283: 3055: 2994: 2559:

is placed above the staff to indicate that the passage is to be played one

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Lowers the pitch of a note to a pitch matching the indicated number in the

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Rarely, even softer or louder dynamic levels are indicated by adding more

1689: 990: 487: 169: 4896: 4881: 4724: 4699: 4478:. Cornell University: UMI Dissertation Services No. 3114502. p. 182. 3025: 3009: 2985: 2969: 2935: 2199: 2174: 1821: 1706: 1498:

Time signatures that cannot be classified as simple or compound, such as

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when the notes get very high, avoiding the use of excessive ledger lines.

373: 248: 3316: 3034: 2954: 2693: 2375: 1780: 1240: 1090: 607: 478: 460: 439: 408: 300: 75: 4871: 4854: 4829: 4814: 4799: 4756: 4599: 4272:, vocal score ed. W. T. Best, pub. London: Novello & Co. Ltd. 1879. 4125: 3578:

Old (pre-1940) tutors published in the UK may use "English fingering".

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signature examples shown here are as they would appear in treble clef.

1068: 1023: 942: 896: 877: 469: 399: 365: 252: 20: 2806: 1665: 330: 117: 4886: 4824: 4751: 4579: 4574: 4235:"UNLP at the C@merata Task: Question Answering on Musical Scores ACM" 3017: 2977: 2560: 2336: 2218: 1768: 1714: 1401:); this has the advantage of not requiring any nonstandard notation. 451: 415: 387: 337: 307: 2355:, mallet percussion and some untuned percussion instruments such as 722: 201: 4527: 1615:

time—two beats per measure with a half-note representing one beat.

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follows a dotted quarter note (equivalent to three eighth notes).

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This symbol tells the performer to take a breath (for singers and

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has the same number of flags (or hooks) as the rest has branches.

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Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, London 1958. V,29

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1 = thumb, 2 = index finger, 3 = middle finger, 4 = ring finger.

2293:

foot's toe, and below the note it indicates the left foot's toe.

1281:. As with a demiflat, a slashed double-flat symbol is also used. 4594: 2236:). In percussion notation, this sign indicates a slight accent. 283: 268: 90: 4531: 2472:

When placed directly above the note, the turn (also known as a

1028:

A caesura indicates a pause during which time is not counted.

858:

Demisemihemidemisemiquaver / Two hundred fifty-sixth note

1352:

is tuned exactly to a 7:6 frequency ratio with the root (C).

1102:

The sharp symbol raises the pitch of a note by one semitone.

1156:

A double sharp raises the pitch of a note by two semitones.

179:

These indicate the conclusion of a movement or composition.

3821:

Numbers for six-mallet percussion may be reversed as well.

3310:

pedal is to be momentarily released, then depressed again.

1138:

A double flat lowers the pitch of a note by two semitones.

263:

instrument (e.g., the right-hand and left-hand staves of a

2480:, in which the order of the auxiliary notes is reversed. 2403:, was notated as a small cross above or beside the note. 4411:(Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall), pp. 42-43 4398:(New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company), p. 16 2304:

Ornaments modify the pitch pattern of individual notes.

2734:(lit. "to the end"), which means to repeat to the word 1448:

is pronounced as "three-four" or "three-quarter time".

923:

rare. Rests can be dotted in the same manner as notes.

4493:

Behind Bars – The Definitive Guide to Music Notation

516:, such as the different individual instruments in a 227:

in some old texts and can vary in design and style.

5064: 4938: 4905: 4785: 4668: 4565: 4453:The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music 4185:"Music Notation and Engraving – Braces and Bracket 1080:The flat symbol lowers the pitch of a note by one 433:) but this usage has essentially become obsolete. 3240:Pedal marks appear in music for instruments with 1301:Raises the pitch of a note by one quarter tone. 4328:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–114. 4361:"No Fortissimo? Symphony Told to Keep It Down" 3293:Tells the player to let the sustain pedal up. 2650:Repetition, codas, and other direction symbols 2014:Sforzando / Sforzato (subito forzando/forzato) 1634:This notation is used to precisely define the 1220:There is no universally accepted notation for 743:For notes of this length and shorter, the note 4543: 4522:Sight reading tutorial with symbol variations 3513: 3506: 3486: 3479: 3182: 2642:. When they appear below the staff, the word 255:; etc.) or multiple vocal parts, whereas the 131:("bars") of music according to the indicated 8: 3459: 3452: 3432: 3425: 2526: 2398: 2397:. In French baroque notation, the trill, or 1945:is assumed to be the default dynamic level. 1717:, in which case rearticulation is permitted. 4199: 4197: 3371:Tells the player to let the soft pedal up. 1701:While the first note of a slurred group is 1183:. A key signature indicates the prevailing 215:. The grand staff is used for piano, harp, 5105: 4550: 4536: 4528: 3258: 2875: 2653: 2541: 2306: 2162: 1846: 1660: 1418: 1230: 1063: 985: 872: 601:Large (Latin: Maxima) / Octuple whole note 577: 295: 70: 4505:Comprehensive list of music symbols fonts 3028:), the note is played with a downstroke. 1395:represents a third of a step lower than D 3831: 3738:Some systems reverse the numbers (e.g., 3381: 3083: 2988:), the note is played with an upstroke. 508:Used for pitchless instruments, such as 4449:"Scales-continental/ English Fingering" 4435:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07829 4322:The Cambridge Companion to Shostakovich 4229: 4227: 4225: 4177: 1798:, three-note chords built by using the 1177:indicates that every B is played as a B 4206:Essential Dictionary of Music Notation 812:Hemidemisemiquaver / Sixty-fourth note 223:. The brace is occasionally called an 2634:are sometimes abbreviated further to 7: 4109:Rw. (not to be confused with French 4096:Bw. (not to be confused with German 1277:Lowers the pitch of a note by three 4396:The Norton Manual of Music Notation 2365:The tremolo symbol also represents 789:Demisemiquaver / Thirty-second note 4421:Richard Rastall (2001). "Direct". 3669:Fingerstyle guitar § Notation 557:Rhythmic values of notes and rests 14: 4495:. Faber Music (publisher), 2011. 1494:Complex/irregular time signatures 5115: 5114: 5104: 4204:Gerou, Tom; Lusk, Linda (1996). 4166:Musical Symbols (disambiguation) 3315: 3298: 3282: 3262: 3054: 3033: 2993: 2953: 2927: 2907: 2879: 2842: 2805: 2785: 2751: 2717: 2692: 2675: 2657: 2607: 2588: 2569: 2545: 2503: 2485: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2432: 2408: 2379: 2374: 2315: 2310: 2279: 2261: 2241: 2210: 2185: 2166: 2081: 2062: 2043: 2027: 2006: 1982: 1966: 1950: 1926: 1906: 1890: 1874: 1850: 1813: 1779: 1760: 1735: 1688: 1683: 1664: 1620: 1583: 1546: 1485: 1453: 1422: 1375: 1323: 1306: 1286: 1265: 1260: 1239: 1234: 1208: 1196: 1143: 1125: 1107: 1089: 1067: 1015: 989: 954: 928: 909: 904: 881: 876: 863: 849: 840: 826: 817: 803: 794: 780: 771: 757: 748: 730: 721: 707: 698: 684: 675: 661: 652: 638: 629: 615: 606: 592: 536: 527: 497: 486: 477: 468: 459: 438: 407: 398: 329: 299: 232: 200: 184: 168: 144: 116: 98: 74: 4156:Musical Symbols (Unicode block) 4151:Glossary of musical terminology 945:) cross (similar to the letter 3638:= open string (no finger used) 2073:A gradual decrease in volume. 2054:A gradual increase in volume. 1711:pitched percussion instruments 1035:Accidentals and key signatures 259:connects multiple parts for a 221:pitched percussion instruments 1: 4516:Dictionary of musical symbols 4383:Rudiments and Theory of Music 4334:10.1017/CCOL9780521842204.006 4326:Cambridge Companions to Music 4282:Rudiments and Theory of Music 3606:(With the exception of harp) 3045:This symbol indicates that a 1937:Moderately loud; softer than 1917:Moderately soft; louder than 584:British name / American name 4208:. Alfred Music. p. 49. 3341:Tells the player to put the 3273:Tells the player to put the 2867:Instrument-specific notation 4915:History of music publishing 3746:= Inner-left mallet, etc.) 2335:, tremolos indicate rolls, 766:Semiquaver / Sixteenth note 624:Long / Quadruple whole note 5162: 4510:Music theory & history 4409:Preparing Music Manuscript 3666: 3602:Other stringed instruments 1837: 1408: 1038: 560: 281: 5120:Category:Musical notation 5100: 4986:Numbered musical notation 4777:Scientific pitch notation 4474:Paterson, Robert (2004). 4299:. Routledge. p. 38. 4048: 3987: 3933:Schwellwerk or Brustwerk 3926: 3865: 3494: 3467: 3440: 3413: 3394: 3304: 3183: 647:Breve / Double whole note 503: 444: 364:. Tenor clef is used for 335: 4767:Helmholtz pitch notation 2872:Bowed string instruments 2440:Lower mordent (inverted) 2070:Diminuendo / Decrescendo 1576:mensural time signatures 1461:Compound time signatures 5110:List of musical symbols 4981:Nashville Number System 4427:Oxford University Press 3785:Mallet identifications: 3709:Mallet identifications: 3633:Finger identifications: 3547:Finger identifications: 2823:(Dal segno al coda) or 2531:(simultaneous stroke). 1941:If no dynamic appears, 1600:This symbol represents 1559:This symbol represents 716:Crotchet / Quarter note 4660:Transposing instrument 3930:Hauptwerk or Oberwerk 3810:= Middle-right mallet 3685:Four-mallet percussion 3514: 3507: 3487: 3480: 3460: 3453: 3433: 3426: 2768:. This is followed by 2708:1st- and 2nd-time bars 2527: 2399: 1802:of a third are called 1430:Simple time signatures 1382: 1342:, in the context of a 670:Semibreve / Whole note 525:On a single-line staff 510:percussion instruments 356:, mainly used for the 293:alto, and tenor clef. 5146:Classical music lists 4394:George Heussenstamm, 3805:= Inner-right mallet 3795:= Middle-left mallet 3753:Six-mallet percussion 3724:= Inner-right mallet 1364: 124:Bar line (or barline) 107:Ledger or leger lines 3800:= Inner-left mallet 3719:= Inner-left mallet 3378:Other piano notation 2646:is sometimes added. 2142:exceed safe levels. 1387:19 equal temperament 1344:septimal minor third 1204:Sharp key signatures 739:Quaver / Eighth note 514:specific instruments 176:Bold double bar line 5006:Percussion notation 4295:Miller, RJ (2015). 4131:Musical instruments 3815:= Far-right mallet 3742:= Far-left mallet, 3729:= Far right mallet 3306:Variable pedal mark 2888:Left-hand pizzicato 2827:(Da capo al coda). 2704:1st and 2nd endings 2525:, and in German as 2333:percussion notation 1755:slide (glissando). 1726:(or less commonly, 1528:, are often called 1192:Flat key signatures 567:In American usage, 127:Bar lines separate 4518:(Dolmetsch Online) 4512:(Dolmetsch Online) 4455:. 20 December 2004 4423:Grove Music Online 4370:The New York Times 3790:= Far-left mallet 3714:= Far left mallet 2615:Quindicesima bassa 2349:single-stroke roll 2345:double-stroke roll 2149:Articulation marks 1657:Note relationships 1383: 1054:Common accidentals 1041:Accidental (music) 963:Multi-measure rest 5128: 5127: 5072:Mensural notation 4343:978-1-139-00195-3 4306:978-0-415-74190-3 4117: 4116: 3819: 3818: 3750: 3749: 3733: 3732: 3662: 3661: 3576: 3575: 3521: 3520: 3375: 3374: 3228: 3227: 3077:The guitar has a 3070: 3069: 2864: 2863: 2625: 2624: 2596:Quindicesima alta 2535: 2534: 2468:Gruppetto or Turn 2351:, in the case of 2297: 2296: 2096: 2095: 1831: 1830: 1654: 1653: 1365:Notation for the 1356: 1355: 1160: 1159: 1032: 1031: 979: 978: 871: 870: 693:Minim / Half note 554: 553: 495:On a 5-line staff 275: 274: 61:string instrument 5153: 5141:Musical notation 5118: 5117: 5108: 5107: 4971:Graphic notation 4635:Rehearsal letter 4559:Musical notation 4552: 4545: 4538: 4529: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4418: 4412: 4407:Anthony Donato, 4405: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4358: 4352: 4350: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4250: 4244:. Archived from 4242:Csee.essex.ac.uk 4239: 4231: 4220: 4219: 4201: 4192: 4191:Music Department 4189:Colorado College 4182: 4141:Graphic notation 3832: 3757: 3756: 3735: 3734: 3689: 3688: 3609: 3608: 3582:for thumb, then 3523: 3522: 3517: 3510: 3490: 3483: 3463: 3456: 3436: 3429: 3382: 3319: 3302: 3286: 3266: 3259: 3186: 3185: 3171:majeur ou médius 3084: 3064:("without mute") 3058: 3037: 2997: 2957: 2936:Natural harmonic 2931: 2911: 2883: 2876: 2846: 2809: 2789: 2755: 2721: 2696: 2679: 2661: 2654: 2611: 2592: 2573: 2549: 2542: 2530: 2507: 2489: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2436: 2412: 2402: 2383: 2378: 2367:flutter-tonguing 2319: 2314: 2307: 2283: 2265: 2245: 2214: 2189: 2170: 2163: 2133: 2121: 2113: 2105: 2085: 2066: 2047: 2031: 2010: 2000: 1986: 1970: 1954: 1930: 1910: 1894: 1878: 1868: 1854: 1847: 1840:Dynamics (music) 1817: 1783: 1764: 1739: 1692: 1687: 1668: 1661: 1642:", referring to 1624: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1587: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1550: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1489: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1457: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1426: 1419: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1351: 1350: 1346:, in which the E 1327: 1314:Sharp-and-a-half 1310: 1290: 1269: 1264: 1243: 1238: 1231: 1222:microtonal music 1212: 1200: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1147: 1129: 1111: 1093: 1071: 1064: 1049:Circle of fifths 1019: 993: 986: 958: 932: 913: 908: 885: 880: 873: 867: 853: 844: 830: 821: 807: 798: 784: 775: 761: 752: 734: 725: 711: 702: 688: 679: 665: 656: 642: 633: 619: 610: 596: 578: 540: 531: 501: 490: 481: 472: 463: 442: 411: 402: 333: 303: 296: 236: 204: 188: 172: 148: 120: 102: 78: 71: 25:musical notation 5161: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5096: 5060: 4934: 4925:Music publisher 4920:Music engraving 4901: 4781: 4772:Letter notation 4664: 4561: 4556: 4501: 4489: 4487:Further reading 4484: 4483: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4420: 4419: 4415: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4373:(20 April 2008) 4359: 4355: 4344: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4280: 4276: 4267: 4263: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4223: 4216: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4122: 3827: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3755: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3687: 3676: 3671: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3604: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3380: 3370: 3340: 3308: 3292: 3272: 3238: 3233: 3075: 3065: 3049:is to be used. 3044: 3007: 2967: 2943: 2917: 2897: 2874: 2869: 2860:in literature. 2855: 2818: 2796:Mark used with 2795: 2763: 2729: 2711: 2685: 2669: 2652: 2617: 2598: 2579: 2564: 2555: 2540: 2515: 2497: 2471: 2442: 2421: 2391: 2364: 2330: 2327: 2302: 2291: 2273: 2254: 2222: 2203: 2178: 2151: 2145: 2127: 2115: 2107: 2099: 2091: 2072: 2053: 2037: 2016: 1994: 1992: 1976: 1960: 1936: 1916: 1900: 1884: 1862: 1860: 1842: 1836: 1826: 1791: 1772: 1753: 1721: 1718: 1700: 1676: 1659: 1633: 1610: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1508: 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4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4674: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4650:Time signature 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4500: 4499:External links 4497: 4491:Elaine Gould, 4488: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4466: 4440: 4413: 4400: 4387: 4375: 4353: 4342: 4312: 4305: 4287: 4274: 4261: 4221: 4214: 4193: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3783: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3731: 3730: 3707: 3686: 3683: 3675: 3672: 3660: 3659: 3631: 3603: 3600: 3574: 3573: 3545: 3519: 3518: 3511: 3508:mano izquierda 3503: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3484: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3457: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3360:tutte le corde 3353: 3347: 3346: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3311: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3279: 3278: 3267: 3244:, such as the 3242:sustain pedals 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3043:("with mute") 3038: 3030: 3029: 2998: 2990: 2989: 2958: 2950: 2949: 2932: 2924: 2923: 2915:Snap pizzicato 2912: 2904: 2903: 2884: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2810: 2802: 2801: 2790: 2782: 2781: 2756: 2748: 2747: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2700:Volta brackets 2697: 2689: 2688: 2680: 2672: 2671: 2662: 2651: 2648: 2623: 2622: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2593: 2585: 2584: 2574: 2566: 2565: 2550: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528:Zusammenschlag 2508: 2500: 2499: 2490: 2482: 2481: 2464: 2446: 2445: 2437: 2429: 2428: 2413: 2405: 2404: 2384: 2371: 2370: 2320: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2284: 2276: 2275: 2266: 2258: 2257: 2246: 2238: 2237: 2233:mezzo staccato 2215: 2207: 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901: 900: 886: 869: 868: 861: 854: 846: 845: 838: 831: 823: 822: 815: 808: 800: 799: 792: 785: 777: 776: 769: 762: 754: 753: 746: 735: 727: 726: 719: 712: 704: 703: 696: 689: 681: 680: 673: 666: 658: 657: 650: 643: 635: 634: 627: 620: 612: 611: 604: 597: 589: 588: 585: 582: 561:Main article: 558: 555: 552: 551: 541: 533: 532: 522: 521: 502: 492: 491: 483: 482: 474: 473: 465: 464: 456: 455: 443: 435: 434: 412: 404: 403: 393: 392: 334: 324: 323: 304: 282:Main article: 279: 276: 273: 272: 237: 229: 228: 205: 197: 196: 189: 181: 180: 173: 165: 164: 149: 141: 140: 133:time signature 121: 113: 112: 103: 95: 94: 79: 68: 65: 19:are marks and 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5158: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5121: 5113: 5111: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5093: 5092:Transcription 5090: 5088: 5087:Sight-reading 5085: 5083: 5082:Perfect pitch 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5016:Ancient Greek 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Chord diagram 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4946:Braille music 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939:Other systems 4937: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4670:Musical notes 4667: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4655:Transposition 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4610:Key signature 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4548: 4546: 4541: 4539: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4486: 4477: 4470: 4467: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4351:(p. 112) 4349: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4313: 4308: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4288: 4285:printed form. 4283: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4251:on 2015-11-22 4247: 4243: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4215:0-88284-768-6 4211: 4207: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4178: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4093:Sol. or Solo 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4029:Ped. or Péd. 4028: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4009:Antiphonaire 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3822: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481:mano sinistra 3478: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3290:Release pedal 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3275:sustain pedal 3271: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3079:fingerpicking 3072: 3063: 3062:Senza sordino 3060: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2871: 2866: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2776:just as with 2775: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2738:and stop, or 2737: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2620: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2478:inverted turn 2475: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2228: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2195: 2194:Staccatissimo 2191: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2154:Articulations 2148: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2136:fortississimo 2132: 2131: 2125: 2124:pianississimo 2120: 2119: 2112: 2111: 2104: 2103: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1990:Fortississimo 1988: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1859: 1858:Pianississimo 1856: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1656: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1609: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1568: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1522: 1507: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1473: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1442: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1412: 1404: 1402: 1388: 1378: 1372: 1368: 1367:prime numbers 1363: 1359: 1345: 1341: 1340:septimal flat 1337: 1332: 1331:Harmonic flat 1329: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316:(sesquisharp) 1315: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1279:quarter tones 1274: 1271: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1226:quarter tones 1223: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1169: 1162: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1045:Key signature 1042: 1034: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 999: 995: 992: 988: 987: 981: 974: 970: 969:gathered rest 965: 964: 960: 957: 953: 952: 948: 944: 939: 938: 934: 931: 927: 926: 920: 919: 915: 912: 907: 903: 902: 898: 892: 891: 887: 884: 879: 875: 874: 866: 862: 860: 859: 855: 852: 848: 847: 843: 839: 837: 836: 832: 829: 825: 824: 820: 816: 814: 813: 809: 806: 802: 801: 797: 793: 791: 790: 786: 783: 779: 778: 774: 770: 768: 767: 763: 760: 756: 755: 751: 747: 741: 740: 736: 733: 729: 728: 724: 720: 718: 717: 713: 710: 706: 705: 701: 697: 695: 694: 690: 687: 683: 682: 678: 674: 672: 671: 667: 664: 660: 659: 655: 651: 649: 648: 644: 641: 637: 636: 632: 628: 626: 625: 621: 618: 614: 613: 609: 605: 603: 602: 598: 595: 591: 590: 586: 583: 580: 579: 576: 574: 570: 564: 556: 547: 546: 542: 539: 535: 534: 530: 524: 523: 519: 515: 511: 506: 500: 494: 493: 489: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 471: 467: 466: 462: 458: 457: 453: 447: 441: 437: 436: 432: 431:baritone clef 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 410: 406: 405: 401: 395: 394: 389: 385: 384:classical era 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 349: 347: 343: 339: 332: 326: 325: 321: 315: 313: 309: 305: 302: 298: 297: 294: 291: 285: 277: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 238: 235: 231: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 209: 206: 203: 199: 198: 193: 190: 187: 183: 182: 177: 174: 171: 167: 166: 162: 158: 153: 150: 147: 143: 142: 138: 134: 130: 125: 122: 119: 115: 114: 109: 108: 104: 101: 97: 96: 92: 86: 84: 80: 77: 73: 72: 66: 64: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 45:musical notes 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 18: 5109: 4991:Klavarskribo 4966:Figured bass 4840:Appoggiatura 4787:Articulation 4585:Abbreviation 4492: 4490: 4475: 4469: 4457:. Retrieved 4452: 4443: 4422: 4416: 4408: 4403: 4395: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4356: 4347: 4321: 4315: 4296: 4290: 4281: 4277: 4270:Requiem Mass 4269: 4264: 4253:. Retrieved 4246:the original 4241: 4205: 4180: 4146:Music theory 4110: 4097: 4038:Ant. (rare) 3997:Grand-Chœur 3991:Grand-Orgue 3907:Ped. or Pd. 3828: 3820: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3743: 3739: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3680: 3677: 3663: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3515:mano derecha 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3305: 3289: 3270:Engage pedal 3269: 3239: 3076: 3061: 3040: 3004: 3000: 2964: 2960: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2914: 2894:Stopped note 2892: 2886: 2849: 2834: 2825:D.C. al coda 2824: 2821:D.S. al coda 2820: 2812: 2797: 2792: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2758: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2683:Simile marks 2682: 2666:Repeat signs 2664: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2599: 2595: 2580: 2577:Ottava bassa 2576: 2556: 2552: 2538:Octave signs 2523:crushed note 2522: 2512:Acciaccatura 2510: 2494:Appoggiatura 2492: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2439: 2415: 2386: 2322: 2303: 2286: 2268: 2248: 2231: 2225: 2217: 2198: 2192: 2173: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2088: 2074: 2069: 2055: 2050: 2034: 2013: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1973: 1957: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1918: 1913: 1897: 1881: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1843: 1820: 1803: 1793: 1786: 1767: 1748: 1742: 1727: 1723: 1695: 1671: 1639: 1627: 1607: 1596: 1590: 1566: 1553: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1505: 1497: 1492: 1471: 1460: 1440: 1429: 1414: 1384: 1357: 1339: 1330: 1313: 1297: 1293: 1275:(sesquiflat) 1272: 1250: 1246: 1219: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1166: 1152:Double sharp 1150: 1132: 1114: 1096: 1074: 1057: 1022: 996: 972: 968: 961: 946: 935: 916: 890:Beamed notes 888: 856: 833: 810: 787: 764: 737: 714: 691: 668: 645: 622: 599: 569:musical note 566: 543: 505:Neutral clef 504: 445: 430: 426: 414: 361: 353: 336: 319: 306: 287: 260: 256: 239: 224: 207: 191: 175: 151: 123: 105: 81: 41:articulation 16: 15: 5077:Music stand 4951:Chord chart 4930:Scorewriter 4907:Sheet music 4705:Dotted note 4640:Repeat sign 4615:Ledger line 4524:Amy Appleby 4459:3 September 4365:Sarah Lyall 4070:Antifonaal 4035:Bom. or B. 3962:Sw. or Bw. 3959:Hw. or Ow. 3948:Antiphonal 3887:Antiphonal 3884:Orchestral 3855:Antiphonal 3852:Orchestral 3594:(ring) and 3488:mano destra 3461:main droite 3454:main gauche 3434:rechte Hand 3409:right hand 3390:Right hand 3236:Pedal marks 3221:auriculaire 3105:Portuguese 3041:Con sordino 3016:(such as a 2976:(such as a 2922:pizzicato. 2553:Ottava alta 2400:tremblement 2134:is called " 2122:is called " 2020:rinforzando 1977:Very loud. 1943:mezzo-forte 1934:Mezzo forte 1914:Mezzo piano 1885:Very soft. 1822:Arpeggiated 1724:phrase mark 1703:articulated 1555:Common time 1134:Double flat 1059:Accidentals 998:Breath mark 918:Dotted note 446:Octave clef 378:double bass 320:treble clef 312:Treble clef 219:, and some 213:grand staff 163:signature. 137:grand staff 5135:Categories 5051:Shakuhachi 5026:Ekphonetic 5011:Simplified 4976:Lead sheet 4850:Grace note 4715:Note value 4710:Grace note 4678:Accidental 4255:2017-05-30 4172:References 4161:Shape note 4067:Bovenwerk 4052:Hoofdwerk 3951:Widerhall 3945:Orchester 3904:C. or Ch. 3667:See also: 3598:(little). 3590:(middle), 3427:linke Hand 3406:left hand 3387:Left hand 3343:soft pedal 3250:vibraphone 3206:c, x, e, q 3151:indicador 2035:Fortepiano 1974:Fortissimo 1882:Pianissimo 1750:Portamento 1592:Alla breve 1298:Half sharp 1216:Microtones 1004:aerophones 937:Ghost note 563:Note value 396:Tenor clef 382:Until the 362:tenor clef 5046:Swaralipi 5036:Kunkunshi 4996:Tablature 4961:Eye music 4845:Glissando 4820:Fingering 4605:Dal segno 4098:Brustwerk 4055:Zwelwerk 4006:Bombarde 3901:Sw. or S 3898:Gt. or G 3658:= little 3586:(index), 3572:= little 3356:tre corde 3330:una corda 3198:annulaire 3022:pickstyle 2982:pickstyle 2965:Sull'arco 2946:flageolet 2941:Open note 2858:catchword 2798:dal segno 2760:Dal segno 2474:gruppetto 2425:handbells 2361:bass drum 2300:Ornaments 2114:s. While 2051:Crescendo 1744:Glissando 1720:syllable. 1648:Metronome 1629:Metronome 1534:irregular 1294:Demisharp 1251:Half flat 545:Tablature 427:bass clef 420:Bass clef 354:alto clef 327:Alto clef 290:tessitura 5056:Znamenny 4897:Tonguing 4882:Staccato 4835:Ornament 4810:Dynamics 4762:Interval 4725:Notehead 4700:Cue note 4120:See also 4076:Rugwerk 4015:Positif 3954:Positiv 3893:Positiv 3866:English 3861:Positiv 3648:= middle 3562:= middle 3495:Spanish 3468:Italian 3395:English 3192:anularis 3128:polegar 3026:mandolin 3010:plectrum 3005:Giù arco 3001:Down bow 2986:mandolin 2970:plectrum 2357:triangle 2252:or Pause 2200:Spiccato 2175:Staccato 1834:Dynamics 1800:interval 1728:ligature 1597:cut time 1398:♭ 1392:♯ 1349:♭ 1247:Demiflat 1180:♭ 1174:♭ 1082:semitone 518:drum set 374:trombone 253:trumpets 249:clarinet 225:accolade 129:measures 37:dynamics 33:duration 5065:Related 5031:Gamelan 5021:Chinese 5001:Parsons 4872:Portato 4855:Mordent 4830:Marcato 4815:Fermata 4805:Damping 4800:Caesura 4757:Tremolo 4688:natural 4600:Da capo 4136:Cluster 4126:Singing 4061:Pedaal 4000:Pédale 3988:French 3939:Pedale 3927:German 3643:= index 3557:= index 3552:= thumb 3441:French 3414:German 3224:mínimo 3215:minimus 3212:mignolo 3209:meñique 3201:anular 3189:anulare 3116:pollice 3099:English 3093:Italian 3090:Spanish 3020:played 2980:played 2778:da capo 2774:al coda 2770:al fine 2740:al coda 2732:al fine 2726:Da capo 2563:higher. 2418:mordent 2395:tremolo 2353:timpani 2337:diddles 2324:Tremolo 2288:Marcato 2250:Fermata 2227:portato 2158:accents 1707:tongued 1644:Maelzel 1530:complex 1369:in the 1116:Natural 1024:Caesura 943:saltire 897:melisma 366:bassoon 271:part). 240:Bracket 21:symbols 4887:Tenuto 4825:Legato 4795:Accent 4752:Tuplet 4340: 4303: 4212: 4049:Dutch 4041:Écho. 3994:Recit 3980:Echo. 3974:Orch. 3919:Echo. 3913:Orch. 3878:Pedal 3875:Choir 3872:Swell 3869:Great 3846:Pedal 3843:Choir 3840:Swell 3837:Great 3653:= ring 3567:= ring 3345:down. 3277:down. 3254:chimes 3218:little 3184:anular 3174:médio 3168:middle 3139:indice 3136:índice 3119:pollex 3113:pulgar 3102:French 3087:Symbol 3073:Guitar 3018:guitar 2978:guitar 2961:Up bow 2920:Bartók 2854:symbol 2851:Direct 2561:octave 2416:Upper 2347:(or a 2339:, and 2270:Accent 2219:Tenuto 2126:" and 2089:Niente 1961:Loud. 1939:forte. 1901:Soft. 1805:triads 1769:Tuplet 1715:legato 1047:, and 982:Breaks 452:guitar 416:F clef 388:octave 376:, and 348:clefs) 338:C clef 308:G clef 261:single 251:; two 85:/stave 5041:Neume 4865:Trill 4860:Slide 4747:Tacet 4737:Pitch 4693:sharp 4645:Tempo 4630:Scale 4625:Ossia 4567:Staff 4249:(PDF) 4238:(PDF) 4111:recit 4106:Echo 4103:Ant. 4090:Ped. 4073:Echo 4064:Solo 4058:Koor 4044:Pos. 4032:Sol. 4026:G.C. 4020:G.O. 4012:Écho 4003:Solo 3983:Pos. 3977:Ant. 3971:Sol. 3968:Ped. 3942:Solo 3936:Chor 3922:Pos. 3916:Ant. 3890:Echo 3881:Solo 3858:Echo 3849:Solo 3825:Organ 3501:m.d. 3498:m.i. 3474:m.d. 3471:m.s. 3447:m.d. 3444:m.g. 3420:r.H. 3417:l.H. 3401:R.H. 3398:l.h. 3246:piano 3231:Piano 3165:media 3162:medio 3159:medio 3148:index 3145:index 3142:index 3125:pouce 3122:thumb 3096:Latin 3024:or a 2984:or a 2793:Segno 2766:segno 2706:, or 2644:bassa 2388:Trill 2341:drags 2106:s or 1958:Forte 1919:piano 1898:Piano 1824:chord 1795:dyads 1788:Chord 1636:tempo 1098:Sharp 1008:bowed 587:Rest 581:Note 370:cello 358:viola 346:Tenor 278:Clefs 265:piano 257:brace 245:flute 217:organ 208:Brace 83:Staff 67:Lines 53:metre 49:tempo 39:, or 29:pitch 4877:Slur 4742:Rest 4730:stem 4720:beam 4683:flat 4620:Mode 4595:Clef 4461:2015 4338:ISBN 4301:ISBN 4210:ISBN 4084:Zw. 4081:Hw. 3965:Ch. 3910:So. 3674:Harp 3368:3 C. 3364:T.C. 3351:T.C. 3338:1 C. 3334:U.C. 3325:U.C. 3252:and 3195:ring 3047:mute 3014:pick 2974:pick 2900:horn 2835:Fine 2817:sign 2814:Coda 2744:coda 2736:fine 2638:and 2630:and 2519:flam 2359:and 1697:Slur 1640:M.M. 1631:mark 1076:Flat 573:rest 571:and 344:and 342:Alto 284:Clef 269:harp 247:and 161:time 91:clef 57:form 4892:Tie 4590:Bar 4431:doi 4363:by 4330:doi 4087:K. 4023:R. 3366:or 3362:or 3358:or 3336:or 3332:or 3012:or 3003:or 2972:or 2963:or 2939:or 2891:or 2772:or 2331:In 2230:or 2197:or 2130:fff 2118:ppp 2001:s. 1869:s. 1673:Tie 1646:'s 1538:odd 1536:or 1513:or 1385:In 1185:key 971:or 267:or 157:key 43:of 23:in 5137:: 4580:15 4451:. 4429:. 4425:. 4367:, 4346:. 4336:. 4324:. 4240:. 4224:^ 4196:^ 4187:, 4113:) 4100:) 3779:, 3775:, 3771:, 3767:, 3763:, 3703:, 3699:, 3695:, 3627:, 3623:, 3619:, 3615:, 3541:, 3537:, 3533:, 3529:, 3256:. 3248:, 2800:. 2780:. 2746:. 2640:15 2632:15 2619:15 2600:15 2369:. 2022:. 1921:. 1808:. 1747:/ 1722:A 1595:/ 1578:. 1532:, 1296:/ 1249:/ 1084:. 1043:, 975:. 372:, 368:, 55:, 51:, 47:; 35:, 31:, 4575:8 4551:e 4544:t 4537:v 4463:. 4437:. 4433:: 4332:: 4309:. 4258:. 4218:. 3813:6 3808:5 3803:4 3798:3 3793:2 3788:1 3781:6 3777:5 3773:4 3769:3 3765:2 3761:1 3744:3 3740:4 3727:4 3722:3 3717:2 3712:1 3705:4 3701:3 3697:2 3693:1 3656:4 3651:3 3646:2 3641:1 3636:0 3629:4 3625:3 3621:2 3617:1 3613:0 3596:4 3592:3 3588:2 3584:1 3580:+ 3570:5 3565:4 3560:3 3555:2 3550:1 3543:5 3539:4 3535:3 3531:2 3527:1 3179:a 3156:m 3133:i 3110:p 2710:) 2702:( 2636:8 2628:8 2581:8 2557:8 2224:( 2110:f 2102:p 1997:f 1865:p 1608:2 1567:4 1521:8 1506:4 1472:8 1441:4 1171:B 947:x 422:) 418:( 340:( 314:) 310:( 159:/

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Index