22:
524:
181:, for which he is often seen as Scotland's first novelist. The early eighteenth century was also a period of innovation in Gaelic vernacular poetry that mixed traditional forms with influences from the Lowlands. Drama was pursued by Scottish playwrights in London. In Scotland drama was supplied by visiting English players and actors, but there were clashes with the Kirk. Ramsay was instrumental in establishing a small theatre in Edinburgh, but it closed soon after the passing of the
199:
622:
367:
3009:
131:(1540) is the only complete play to survive from before the Reformation. Buchanan was major influence on Continental theatre, but his impact in Scotland was limited by his choice of Latin as a medium. There were isolated Scottish plays, but the system of professional companies of players and theatres that developed in England in this period was absent in Scotland.
915:
741:
583:, performances at weddings that typically involved music, dance, and disguise. The system of professional companies of players and theatres that developed in England in this period was absent in Scotland, but James VI signalled his interest in drama by arranging for a company of English players to erect a playhouse and perform in 1599.
1078:. The Edinburgh Company of Players were able to perform in Dundee, Montrose, Aberdeen and regular performances at the Taylor's Hall in Edinburgh under the protection of a Royal Patent. Ramsay was instrumental in establishing them in a small theatre in Carruber's Close in Edinburgh, but the passing of the
604:
described James as creating a "three-tier system, with Gaelic at the bottom and
English at the top". The loss of the court as a centre of patronage in 1603 was a major blow to Scottish literature. A number of Scottish poets, including William Alexander, John Murray and Robert Aytoun, accompanied the
820:
and the shift of political power to
England, the use of Scots was discouraged by many in authority and education. Nevertheless, Scots remained the vernacular of many rural communities and the growing number of urban working-class Scots. Literature developed a distinct national identity and began to
632:
As the tradition of classical Gaelic poetry declined, a new tradition of vernacular Gaelic poetry began to emerge. While
Classical poetry used a language largely fixed in the twelfth century, the vernacular continued to develop. In contrast to the Classical tradition, which used
752:
The loss of a royal court also meant there was no force to counter the Kirk's dislike of theatre, which struggled to survive in
Scotland. However, it was not entirely extinguished. The Kirk used theatre for its own purposes in schools and was slow to suppress popular
609:
their written language. James's characteristic role as active literary participant and patron in the
English court made him a defining figure for English Renaissance poetry and drama, which would reach a pinnacle of achievement in his reign, but his patronage for the
139:
their written language. As the tradition of classical Gaelic poetry declined, a new tradition of vernacular Gaelic poetry began to emerge, often undertaken by women. The tradition of neo-Latin poetry reached its fruition with the publication of the anthology of the
134:
The accession of James VI to the
English throne in 1603 meant a loss of the court as a centre of patronage and he increasingly favoured the language of southern England. A number of Scottish poets accompanied the king to London, where they began to
120:
discouraged poetry that was not devotional in nature but secular poetry survived. In the 1580s and 1590s James VI promoted literature in Scots. He became patron and member of a loose circle of
Scottish court poets and musicians, later called the
261:
The establishment of a printing press under royal patent in 1507 would begin to make it easier to disseminate
Scottish literature and was probably aimed at bolstering Scottish national identity. The first Scottish press was established in
765:, designed to be read rather than performed, and already indicate Alexander's preference for southern English over the Scots language. There were some attempts to revive Scottish drama. In 1663 Edinburgh lawyer William Clerke wrote
477:, published in 1584 when he was aged 18, was both a poetic manual and a description of the poetic tradition in his mother tongue, to which he applied Renaissance principles. He became patron and member of a loose circle of Scottish
257:
of
Southern England due to developments in royal and political interactions with England. With the increasing influence and availability of books printed in England, most writing in Scotland came to be done in the English fashion.
67:
became the language of both the nobility and the majority population. The establishment of a printing press in 1507 made it easier to disseminate
Scottish literature and was probably aimed at bolstering Scottish national identity.
825:(1686–1758) was considered the most important literary figure of the era, often described as leading a "vernacular revival". He laid the foundations of a reawakening of interest in older Scottish literature, publishing
641:. However, they shared with the Classic poets a set of complex metaphors and role, as the verse was still often panegyric. A number of these vernacular poets were women, such as Mary MacLeod of Harris (c. 1615–1707).
547:
in 1540, which satirised the corruption of church and state, and which is the only complete play to survive from before the Reformation. Buchanan was major influence on Continental theatre with plays such as
28:
in 1580, aged 14. A major patron of poetry as well as a poet and commentator, his accession to the English throne in 1603 had profound effects on the patronage of Scottish literature and the Scots language
689:
emerged as a significant written form in Scotland. Some ballads may date back to the late medieval era and deal with events and people that can be traced back as far as the thirteenth century, including
572:(published in London in 1603), are isolated examples of surviving plays. The latter is a vernacular Scots comedy of errors, probably designed for court performance for Mary, Queen of Scots or James VI.
409:(1506–82) had a major influence as a Latin poet, founding a tradition of neo-Latin poetry that would continue in to the seventeenth century. Contributors to this tradition included royal secretary
471:
Unlike many of his predecessors, James VI actively despised Gaelic culture. However, in the 1580s and 1590s he strongly promoted the literature of the country of his birth in Scots. His treatise,
596:
Having extolled the virtues of Scots "poesie", after his accession to the English throne, James VI increasingly favoured the language of southern England. In 1611 the Kirk adopted the English
600:
of the Bible. In 1617 interpreters were declared no longer necessary in the port of London because Scots and Englishmen were now "not so far different bot ane understandeth ane uther".
698:", but which are not known to have existed until the eighteenth century. They were probably composed and transmitted orally and only began to be written down and printed, often as
851:
was one of the most influential works of the era. He would also play a leading role in supporting drama in Scotland and the attempt to found a permanent theatre in the capital.
845:(1724–37) contained poems old Scots folk material, his own poems in the folk style and "gentilizings" of Scots poems in the English neo-classical style. His pastoral opera
509:(1570–1627). By the late 1590s the king's championing of his native Scottish tradition was to some extent diffused by the prospect of inheriting of the English throne.
2510:
2460:
410:
793:(1692), a ribald satire on the morals of the Presbyterian Kirk, circulating in manuscript, but not published until 1722, helping to secure the association between
274:(fl. 1505–08). Although the first press was relatively short lived, beside law codes and religious works, the press also produced editions of the work of Scottish
253:
and literary norms largely independent of those developing in England. From the mid sixteenth century, written Scots was increasingly influenced by the developing
656:(1585–1670) and containing work by the major Scottish practitioners since Buchanan. This period was marked by the work of the first named female Scottish poets.
2749:
2532:
2618:
2505:
3038:
2628:
1082:
made their activities illegal and the theatre soon closed. A new theatre was opened at Cannongate in 1747 and operated without a licence into the 1760s.
621:
614:
in his own Scottish tradition largely became sidelined. The only significant court poet to continue to work in Scotland after the king's departure was
564:
and through them the neo-classical tradition in French drama, but his impact in Scotland was limited by his choice of Latin as a medium. The anonymous
3048:
2948:
2562:
2789:
2784:
769:, a play about the restoration of a legitimate dynasty in Florence after many years of civil war. It was performed at the Tennis-Court Theatre at
625:
502:
359:. It was the first complete translation of a major classical text in an Anglian language, finished in 1513, but overshadowed by the disaster at
327:(1460–1513) produced satires, lyrics, invectives and dream visions that established the vernacular as a flexible medium for poetry of any kind.
2774:
2515:
1322:
2658:
2572:
2485:
1066:
and a series of Restoration comedies, but they soon left, perhaps because of objections from local kirk presbyteries. By 1725 English actor
2943:
156:
emerged as a significant written form in Scotland. From the seventeenth century they were used as a literary form by aristocratic authors.
163:
led a "vernacular revival" that laid the foundations of a reawakening of interest in older Scottish literature. He also led the trend for
2537:
2469:
2453:
465:
2522:
2495:
899:
501:
and short sonnets, for narrative, nature description, satire and meditations on love. Later poets that followed in this vein included
2742:
2500:
2432:
2417:
2402:
2387:
2376:
2361:
2346:
2331:
2316:
2301:
2290:
2275:
2264:
2249:
2234:
2219:
2204:
2189:
2174:
2159:
2144:
2129:
2114:
2099:
2084:
2069:
2054:
2039:
2024:
2009:
1994:
1974:
1950:
1916:
1895:
1874:
1850:
1829:
1808:
1778:
1757:
1731:
1710:
1676:
1655:
1634:
1613:
1583:
1562:
1541:
1504:
1470:
1446:
1418:
1385:
1364:
1310:
1286:
1249:
1221:
1200:
1161:
1140:
1114:
893:
468:'s (?1520–82/3) use of short verse designed to be sung to music, opened the way for the Castalian poets of James VI's adult reign.
21:
221:. The tradition of classic Gaelic poetry survived longer in Scotland than in Ireland, with the last fully competent member of the
3053:
3043:
2567:
934:
868:
2643:
2633:
2527:
2135:
Corbett, J., McClure, D., and Stuart-Smith, J., "A Brief History of Scots" in J. Corbett, D. McClure and J. Stuart-Smith, eds,
930:
903:(1751) for which he is often seen as Scotland's first novelist. His work would be a major influence on later novelists such as
876:
774:
615:
2577:
2557:
2446:
1152:
J. Corbett, D. McClure and J. Stuart-Smith, "A Brief History of Scots" in J. Corbett, D. McClure and J. Stuart-Smith, eds,
2794:
945:, which helped inspire a new form of nature poetry in Gaelic, which was not focused on their relations to human concerns.
860:
653:
597:
543:
241:, which became the language of both the nobility and the majority population. Middle Scots was derived substantially from
127:
3033:
2989:
2735:
2490:
173:
was one of the most influential works of the era. Ramsay was part of a community of poets working in Scots and English.
963:(1679–1749), born in London to Scottish parents and later moving to Aberdeen. Her plays and included the verse-tragedy
2928:
2845:
1074:, who licensed plays, companies and playhouses, and soon left. In 1727 the Kirk attacked theatres as immoral in the
2933:
2902:
715:
490:
523:
217:
had been in geographical decline for three centuries and had begun to be a second class language, confined to the
59:
had been in geographical decline for three centuries and had begun to be a second class language, confined to the
2897:
2716:
2352:
Rhodes, N., "Wrapped in the Strong Arm of the Union: Shakespeare and King James" in W. Maley and A. Murphy, eds,
925:
The early eighteenth century was also a period of innovation in Gaelic vernacular poetry. Major figures included
279:
222:
1574:
N. Rhodes, "Wrapped in the Strong Arm of the Union: Shakespeare and King James" in W. Maley and A. Murphy, eds,
937:(Alasdair MacDonald) (c. 1698–1770). His interest in traditional forms can be seen in his most significant poem
282:(f. 1532–42), the first in a long line of "king's printers", who also produced editions of works of the makars.
2923:
611:
249:
and was very close to the language spoken in northern England, but by the sixteenth century it had established
40:
2830:
2815:
2696:
2603:
719:
422:
44:
448:, also discouraged poetry that was not devotional in nature. Nevertheless, poets from this period included
2938:
2825:
2711:
2638:
2393:
van Heijnsbergen, T., "Culture: 7 Renaissance and Reformation (1460–1660): literature", in M. Lynch, ed.,
782:
649:
486:
440:(r. 1567–1625), cultural pursuits were limited by the lack of a royal court and by political turmoil. The
48:
1989:
Bawcutt, P. J., and Williams, J. H., A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006),
1437:
T. van Heijnsbergen, "Culture: 7 Renaissance and Reformation (1460–1660): literature", in M. Lynch, ed.,
2547:
1031:
1018:. James Thomson's plays often dealt with the contest between public duty and private feelings, included
864:
494:
218:
60:
52:
1323:"Bridging the Continental divide: neo-Latin and its cultural role in Jacobean Scotland, as seen in the
829:(1724), a collection that included many major poetic works of the Stewart period. He led the trend for
303:
court included the patronage of poets. These court poets, or makars, who were mainly clerics included
2840:
2701:
2593:
1071:
497:(c. 1550–98). They translated key Renaissance texts and produced poems using French forms, including
437:
429:
418:
336:
296:
113:
105:
71:
644:
The tradition of neo-Latin poetry reached its fruition with the publication of the anthology of the
2866:
2758:
2648:
954:
918:
847:
822:
811:
786:
735:
714:. From the seventeenth century they were used as a literary form by aristocratic authors including
518:
473:
456:(fl. 1530–75), who wrote allegorical satires in the tradition of Douglas and courtier and minister
382:
169:
160:
97:
36:
2408:
van Heijnsbergen, T., "Culture: 9 Renaissance and Reformation: poetry to 1603", in M. Lynch, ed.,
2964:
2876:
2670:
2180:
Garlick, G., "Theatre outside London, 1660–1775", in J. Milling, P. Thomson and J. Donohue, eds,
1240:
T. van Heijnsbergen, "Culture: 9 Renaissance and Reformation: poetry to 1603", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1079:
1070:, a friend of Ramsay, was performing in Edinburgh, but seems to have fallen foul of the Scottish
1040:(1731) was accused of being a coded Jacobite play and his later work indicates opposition to the
976:
817:
657:
441:
226:
182:
145:
117:
25:
1965:
G. Garlick, "Theatre outside London, 1660–1775", in J. Milling, P. Thomson and J. Donohue, eds,
452:
of Lethington (1496–1586), who produced meditative and satirical verses in the style of Dunbar;
185:. A new theatre was opened at Cannongate in 1747 and operated without a licence into the 1760s.
986:(1704). These developed the character of the stage Scot, often a clown, but cunning and loyal.
2984:
2969:
2871:
2542:
2428:
2413:
2398:
2383:
2372:
2357:
2342:
2327:
2312:
2297:
2286:
2271:
2260:
2245:
2230:
2215:
2200:
2185:
2170:
2155:
2140:
2125:
2110:
2095:
2080:
2065:
2050:
2035:
2020:
2005:
1990:
1970:
1946:
1912:
1891:
1870:
1846:
1825:
1804:
1774:
1753:
1727:
1706:
1672:
1651:
1630:
1609:
1579:
1558:
1537:
1500:
1466:
1442:
1414:
1381:
1360:
1306:
1282:
1245:
1217:
1196:
1157:
1136:
1110:
987:
960:
872:
695:
691:
538:
531:
375:
360:
332:
233:, still working in the early eighteenth century. Nevertheless, interest in the sponsorship of
159:
After the Union in 1707, the use of Scots was discouraged by many in authority and education.
664:(1603) was a popular religious allegory and the first book published by a woman in Scotland.
144:(1637). This period was marked by the work of the first named female Scottish poets, such as
2994:
2979:
2973:
2892:
2706:
2675:
2623:
2608:
2322:
Mason, R., "Culture: 4 Renaissance and Reformation (1460–1660): general", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1056:
1046:
1014:
888:
699:
557:
449:
254:
237:
Gaelic poetry was declining among the clan leaders. Gaelic was gradually being overtaken by
178:
1301:
R. Mason, "Culture: 4 Renaissance and Reformation (1460–1660): general", in M. Lynch, ed.,
3013:
2835:
2653:
2613:
2017:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: Enlightenment, Britain and Empire, 1707–1918
1867:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: Enlightenment, Britain and Empire, 1707–1918
1004:
884:
770:
638:
576:
527:
461:
414:
406:
304:
174:
101:
941:. He also mixed these traditions with influences from the Lowlands, including Thompson's
781:, was first performed in London in 1667 and then in Edinburgh the year after and drew on
152:(1603) was the first book published by a woman in Scotland. This was the period when the
2030:
Brown, I., "Introduction: a lively tradition and collective amnesia", in I. Brown, ed.,
198:
116:, cultural pursuits were limited by the lack of a royal court and by political turmoil.
2820:
2165:
D. Dachies, "Poetry in Scots: Brus to Burns" in C. R. Woodring and J. S. Shapiro, eds,
1841:
D. Dachies, "Poetry in Scots: Brus to Burns" in C. R. Woodring and J. S. Shapiro, eds,
1409:
I. Brown, "Introduction: a lively tradition and collective amnesia", in I. Brown, ed.,
1041:
723:
634:
482:
457:
433:
386:
324:
267:
122:
109:
2438:
1062:
In Scotland a troop of English players came to Edinburgh in 1715 where they performed
366:
3027:
2907:
2663:
2015:
Bell, B., "The national drama, Joanna Baille and the national theatre", in I. Brown,
1067:
933:(Duncan Ban MacIntyre) (1724–1812). The most significant figure in the tradition was
859:
Ramsay was part of a community of poets working in Scots and English. These included
834:
601:
506:
398:
371:
343:
into his poetry. The landmark work in the reign of James IV was Douglas's version of
328:
271:
203:
83:
1865:
B. Bell, "The national drama, Joanna Baille and the national theatre", in I. Brown,
2598:
2062:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707
1279:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707
887:(1721–71) was a poet, essayist, satirist and playwright, but is best known for his
762:
711:
707:
478:
453:
394:
238:
214:
64:
56:
2257:
A Language Suppressed: The Pronunciation of the Scots Language in the 18th Century
1771:
A Language Suppressed: The Pronunciation of the Scots Language in the 18th Century
1054:, with Thompson supplying the lyrics for his most famous work, the patriotic song
761:, written just before his departure with the king for England in 1603. They were
2850:
1051:
1009:
838:
561:
300:
250:
242:
230:
93:
75:
2691:
797:
and professional drama that discouraged the creation of professional theatre.
794:
754:
402:
904:
703:
665:
606:
445:
278:
before its demise, probably about 1510. The next recorded press was that of
234:
136:
921:, the most influential literary figure in early eighteenth-century Scotland
2045:
Brown, I., "Public and private performance: 1650–1800", in I. Brown, ed.,
914:
740:
405:, was a prolific poet. He wrote elegiac narratives, romances and satires.
92:(1513) was the first complete translation of a major classical text in an
1941:
I. Brown, "Public and private performance: 1650–1800", in I. Brown, ed.,
1748:
I. Brown, "Public and private performance: 1650–1800", in I. Brown, ed.,
1036:
926:
830:
674:
669:
340:
307:(c. 1450-c. 1505), who re-worked Medieval and Classical sources, such as
177:
was a poet, essayist, satirist and playwright, but is best known for his
164:
990:(1691–1761), born in Ireland of Scottish descent, produced the comedies
2075:
Brown, K. M., "Scottish identity", in B. Bradshaw and P. Roberts, eds,
1173:
Corbett, McClure and Stuart-Smith, "A Brief History of Scots", p. 10ff.
908:
474:
Some Rules and Cautions to be Observed and Eschewed in Scottish Prosody
355:
308:
263:
88:
2727:
2242:
Restoration Scotland, 1660–1690: Royalist Politics, Religion and Ideas
1703:
Restoration Scotland, 1660–1690: Royalist Politics, Religion and Ideas
1532:
K. M. Brown, "Scottish identity", in B. Bradshaw and P. Roberts, eds,
1482:
Michael Pearce, 'Maskerye Claythis for James VI and Anna of Denmark',
605:
king to London, where they continued to write, but they soon began to
1790:
Corbett, McClure and Stuart-Smith, "A Brief History of Scots", p. 14.
1182:
Corbett, McClure and Stuart-Smith, "A Brief History of Scots", p. 11.
686:
580:
498:
349:
344:
153:
2077:
British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533–1707
1534:
British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533–1707
2810:
2367:
Spiller, M., "Poetry after the Union 1603–1660" in C. Cairns, ed.,
1553:
M. Spiller, "Poetry after the Union 1603–1660" in C. Cairns, ed.,
913:
739:
706:, later being recorded and noted in books by collectors including
620:
522:
365:
312:
291:
275:
197:
79:
20:
2210:
Jack, R. D. S., "Poetry under King James VI", in C. Cairns, ed.,
1050:(1740) was a collaboration between Thompson, Mallet and composer
1355:
R. D. S. Jack, "Poetry under King James VI", in C. Cairns, ed.,
460:(c. 1556–1609), whose corpus of work includes nature poetry and
2731:
2442:
2270:
Lyle, E., Scottish Ballads (Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 2001),
2382:
Tobin, ed., T., The Assembly (Purdue University Press, 1972),
2105:
Carpenter, S., "Scottish drama until 1650", in I. Brown, ed.,
2307:
MacQuarrie, A., "Printing and publishing", in M. Lynch, ed.,
1495:
S. Carpenter, "Scottish drama until 1650", in I. Brown, ed.,
1461:
S. Carpenter, "Scottish drama until 1650", in I. Brown, ed.,
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
757:. Surviving plays for the period include William Alexander's
1212:
A. MacQuarrie, "Printing and publishing", in M. Lynch, ed.,
959:
Drama was pursued by Scottish playwrights in London such as
2060:
Brown, I., Owen Clancy, T., Pittock, M., Manning, S., eds,
541:
for the king and queen thought to be a version of his play
245:, with Gaelic and French influences. It was usually called
104:
founded a tradition of neo-Latin poetry. In the reign of
47:
in the early sixteenth century and the beginnings of the
1030:(1745), the last of which was an international success.
975:(1706). David Crawford's (1665–1726) plays included the
55:
in mid-eighteenth century. By the beginning of this era
1277:
I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds,
879:'s (1700–48), most famous for the nature poetry of his
63:, but the tradition of Classic Gaelic Poetry survived.
2296:
Maclachlan, C., Before Burns (Canongate Books, 2010),
1127:
1125:
1123:
2281:
MacDonald, J., "Gaelic literature" in M. Lynch, ed.,
1961:
1959:
16:
Literature written in Scotland or by Scottish writers
1822:
Crowded with Genius: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind
1131:
J. MacDonald, "Gaelic literature" in M. Lynch, ed.,
837:, which would be later be used by Robert Burns as a
2957:
2916:
2885:
2859:
2803:
2767:
2684:
2586:
2478:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1528:
1526:
1457:
1455:
1297:
1295:
1273:
1271:
1101:
1099:
505:(c. 1567–1640), Alexander Craig (c. 1567–1627) and
2182:The Cambridge History of British Theatre, Volume 2
2152:Scotland's Books: a History of Scottish Literature
1967:The Cambridge History of British Theatre, Volume 2
1669:Scotland's Books: a History of Scottish Literature
2356:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004),
2339:The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England
1627:The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England
1578:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004),
1405:
1403:
1002:(1715). He later wrote the libretto for Handel's
2427:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991),
2425:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
2199:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994),
2184:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004),
2139:(Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2003),
2124:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012),
2109:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
2079:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003),
2064:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
2049:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
2034:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1969:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004),
1945:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1861:
1859:
1803:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994),
1752:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1608:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012),
1536:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003),
1518:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
1499:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1465:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1413:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1344:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
1281:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
1263:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
1156:(Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2003),
1109:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991),
1107:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
668:, daughter of David Hume of Godscroft, adapted
579:personally dressed in costume and took part in
1595:Jack, "Poetry under King James VI", pp. 137–8.
530:, playwright, poet and political theorist, by
2743:
2454:
2197:The Cambridge History of the English Language
2122:Women's Writing in the British Atlantic World
1801:The Cambridge History of the English Language
1606:Women's Writing in the British Atlantic World
863:(c. 1665–1751), Robert Crawford (1695–1733),
401:(c. 1486–1555), diplomat and the head of the
8:
2229:(Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1985),
1380:(Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1985),
748:by Archibald Pitcairne from the 1766 edition
481:court poets and musicians, later called the
2371:(Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1,
2214:(Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1,
1557:(Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1,
1397:Jack, "Poetry under King James VI", p. 137.
1359:(Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1,
773:before the parliamentary high commissioner
385:(r. 1513–42) supported William Stewart and
2750:
2736:
2728:
2461:
2447:
2439:
82:, who were mainly clerics. These included
78:court included the patronage of poets, or
2412:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
2397:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
2326:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
2311:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
2285:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
2154:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009),
2107:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
2047:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
2032:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
1943:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
1750:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
1671:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009),
1497:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
1463:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
1441:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1411:The Edinburgh Companion to Scottish Drama
1305:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1244:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1216:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
1135:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
2410:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2395:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2324:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2309:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2283:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1439:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1303:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1242:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1214:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1133:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1193:A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry
1095:
2259:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 1976, 1993),
2167:The Columbia History of British Poetry
1843:The Columbia History of British Poetry
1773:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 1976, 1993),
2004:(University of Georgia Press, 1998),
1911:(University of Georgia Press, 1998),
270:(c. 1473–c. 1528) and the bookseller
7:
2019:(Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
1869:(Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
1650:(Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 2001),
2471:Scotland in the early modern period
2169:(Columbia University Press, 1994),
1845:(Columbia University Press, 1994),
875:(1712–94), and poet and playwright
821:enjoy an international reputation.
785:. A relative of Sydsurf, physician
566:The Maner of the Cyring of ane Play
225:, who were hereditary poets to the
33:Literature in early modern Scotland
2369:The History of Scottish Literature
2212:The History of Scottish Literature
1555:The History of Scottish Literature
1486:(D. S. Brewer, 2022), pp. 108-123.
1357:The History of Scottish Literature
1191:P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams,
900:The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle
791:The Assembly or Scotch Reformation
779:Tarugo's Wiles or the Coffee House
680:Triumphs of Love: Chastitie: Death
648:(1637), published in Amsterdam by
363:that brought the reign to an end.
100:was also a major patron of poets.
14:
3039:History of literature in Scotland
1726:(Purdue University Press, 1972),
894:The Adventures of Roderick Random
637:, vernacular poets tended to use
537:Lyndsay produced an interlude at
381:As a patron of poets and authors
3049:Early modern history of Scotland
3007:
2137:The Edinburgh Companion to Scots
1824:(London: Harper Collins, 2003),
1154:The Edinburgh Companion to Scots
935:Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair
871:of Bangour (1704–54), socialite
861:William Hamilton of Gilbertfield
428:From the 1550s, in the reign of
299:'s (r. 1488–1513) creation of a
2094:(London: HarperCollins, 2003),
833:poetry, helping to develop the
616:William Drummond of Hawthornden
167:poetry and his pastoral opera
1:
685:This was the period when the
654:Sir John Scott of Scotstarvet
598:Authorised King James Version
266:in Edinburgh by the merchant
2619:Seventeenth-century religion
1195:(Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006),
931:Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir
2846:Scottish Gaelic Renaissance
2671:Union with England Act 1707
1484:Medieval English Theatre 43
775:John Leslie, Earl of Rothes
389:, who translated the Latin
3070:
2629:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1325:Delitiae Poetarum Scotorum
1076:Admonition and Exhortation
1044:administration. The opera
952:
873:Alison Rutherford Cockburn
867:(1699–1784), the Jacobite
809:
733:
646:Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum
516:
491:John Stewart of Baldynneis
289:
202:The device of the printer
142:Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum
39:written in Scotland or by
3003:
2002:Tobias Smollett: Novelist
1909:Tobias Smollett: Novelist
1890:(Canongate Books, 2010),
1333:, retrieved 23 July 2013.
1008:(1743), closely based on
767:Marciano or the Discovery
208:The Porteous of Nobleness
2354:Shakespeare and Scotland
1576:Shakespeare and Scotland
973:The Revolution in Sweden
801:Early eighteenth century
444:, heavily influenced by
397:, into verse and prose.
331:(1475–1522), who became
213:By the early modern era
3054:Early modern literature
3044:Middle Scots literature
2949:Science fiction writers
2816:Renaissance in Scotland
2244:(Boydell Press, 2003),
1705:(Boydell Press, 2003),
1692:, pp. 224, 248 and 257.
971:(1700) and the history
493:(c. 1545–c. 1605), and
423:David Hume of Godscroft
2341:(Random House, 2012),
1629:(Random House, 2012),
922:
749:
720:Lady Elizabeth Wardlaw
629:
628:, statesman and author
575:James VI and his wife
534:
378:
210:
29:
2227:Alexander Montgomerie
1378:Alexander Montgomerie
1331:University of Glasgow
1028:Tancrid and Sigismuda
917:
759:Monarchicke Tragedies
743:
624:
526:
495:Alexander Montgomerie
432:(r. 1542–67) and the
369:
317:Testament of Cresseid
315:in works such as his
231:Donalds of Clanranald
219:Highlands and Islands
201:
61:Highlands and Islands
53:Industrial Revolution
24:
2841:Scottish Renaissance
1072:Master of the Revels
992:The Petticoat-Ploter
977:Restoration comedies
939:Clanranald's Gallery
843:Tea-Table Miscellany
430:Mary, Queen of Scots
413:(1537–95), reformer
393:compiled in 1527 by
337:Renaissance humanism
106:Mary, Queen of Scots
3034:Scottish literature
3014:Scotland portal
2944:Short story writers
2760:Scottish literature
2649:Massacre of Glencoe
2644:Glorious Revolution
2092:Crowded with Genius
984:Love at First Sight
980:Courtship A-la-Mode
967:(1698), the comedy
955:Theatre of Scotland
848:The Gentle Shepherd
812:Allan Ramsay (poet)
787:Archibald Pitcairne
777:. Thomas Sydsurf's
736:Theatre of Scotland
724:Lady Grizel Baillie
718:(c. 1595-c. 1665),
587:Seventeenth century
556:, which influenced
519:Theatre of Scotland
391:History of Scotland
321:The Morall Fabillis
223:MacMhuirich dynasty
170:The Gentle Shepherd
2965:British literature
1252:, pp. 129–30.
1080:1737 Licensing Act
996:The Doating Lovers
923:
806:Vernacular revival
789:(1652–1713) wrote
750:
744:The first page of
660:'s (f. 1585–1630)
658:Elizabeth Melville
652:(c.1579–1641) and
630:
568:(before 1568) and
544:The Thrie Estaitis
535:
379:
227:Lords of the Isles
211:
183:1737 Licensing Act
146:Elizabeth Melville
128:The Thrie Estaitis
125:. David Lyndsay's
30:
3021:
3020:
2985:Opera in Scotland
2970:Celtic literature
2725:
2724:
1449:, pp. 127–8.
1313:, pp. 120–3.
1224:, pp. 491–3.
1143:, pp. 255–7.
988:Newburgh Hamilton
961:Catherine Trotter
889:picaresque novels
696:Thomas the Rhymer
692:Sir Patrick Spens
626:William Alexander
539:Linlithgow Palace
532:Arnold Bronckorst
503:William Alexander
485:, which included
421:(1570?–1611) and
376:Bishop of Dunkeld
333:Bishop of Dunkeld
189:Sixteenth century
179:picaresque novels
74:'s creation of a
3061:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2995:Welsh literature
2980:Irish literature
2958:Related articles
2761:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2676:Jacobite risings
2609:Marian civil war
2472:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2440:
2225:Jack, R. D. S.,
2000:Beasley, J. C.,
1978:
1963:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1930:Scotland's Books
1926:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1863:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1746:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1690:Scotland's Books
1686:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1648:Scottish Ballads
1644:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1530:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1459:
1450:
1435:
1422:
1407:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1299:
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1275:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1238:
1225:
1210:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1129:
1118:
1103:
1057:Rule, Britannia!
1047:Masque of Alfred
1034:'s (c. 1705–65)
1015:Samson Agonistes
965:Fatal Friendship
869:William Hamilton
722:(1627–1727) and
662:Ane Godlie Dream
558:Pierre Corneille
489:(c. 1560–1612),
462:epistolary verse
450:Richard Maitland
255:Standard English
150:Ane Godlie Dream
41:Scottish writers
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3008:
3006:
2999:
2953:
2912:
2903:Scottish Gaelic
2881:
2855:
2836:Kailyard school
2799:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2726:
2721:
2680:
2654:Seven ill years
2614:Union of Crowns
2582:
2474:
2470:
2467:
1986:
1981:
1964:
1957:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1907:J. C. Beasley,
1906:
1902:
1898:, pp. ix–xviii.
1886:C. Maclachlan,
1885:
1881:
1864:
1857:
1840:
1836:
1819:
1815:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1768:
1764:
1747:
1738:
1722:T. Tobin, ed.,
1721:
1717:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1666:
1662:
1645:
1641:
1624:
1620:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1573:
1569:
1552:
1548:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1460:
1453:
1436:
1425:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1376:R. D. S. Jack,
1375:
1371:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1337:
1321:
1317:
1300:
1293:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1239:
1228:
1211:
1207:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1151:
1147:
1130:
1121:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1088:
957:
951:
927:Rob Donn Mackay
885:Tobias Smollett
857:
855:Verse and prose
814:
808:
803:
771:Holyrood Palace
738:
732:
702:and as part of
650:Arthur Johnston
594:
589:
577:Anne of Denmark
528:George Buchanan
521:
515:
466:Alexander Scott
415:Andrew Melville
407:George Buchanan
305:Robert Henryson
294:
288:
280:Thomas Davidson
196:
191:
175:Tobias Smollett
102:George Buchanan
17:
12:
11:
5:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2961:
2959:
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2951:
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2913:
2911:
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2905:
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2895:
2889:
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2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Castalian Band
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2757:
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2754:
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2723:
2722:
2720:
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2673:
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2666:
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2651:
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2641:
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2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
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2606:
2601:
2596:
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2588:
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2555:
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2476:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2421:
2406:
2391:
2380:
2365:
2350:
2337:Mortimer, I.,
2335:
2320:
2305:
2294:
2279:
2268:
2253:
2238:
2223:
2208:
2193:
2178:
2163:
2150:Crawford, R.,
2148:
2133:
2120:Chedgzoy, K.,
2118:
2103:
2088:
2073:
2058:
2043:
2028:
2013:
1998:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1955:
1934:
1921:
1900:
1879:
1855:
1834:
1813:
1792:
1783:
1762:
1736:
1715:
1694:
1681:
1660:
1639:
1618:
1597:
1588:
1567:
1546:
1522:
1509:
1488:
1475:
1451:
1423:
1399:
1390:
1369:
1348:
1335:
1315:
1291:
1267:
1254:
1226:
1205:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1145:
1119:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
969:Love at a Loss
953:Main article:
950:
947:
929:(1714–78) and
865:Alexander Ross
856:
853:
827:The Ever Green
810:Main article:
807:
804:
802:
799:
783:Spanish comedy
734:Main article:
731:
728:
716:Robert Sempill
639:stressed metre
635:syllabic metre
593:
590:
588:
585:
517:Main article:
514:
511:
487:William Fowler
483:Castalian Band
458:Alexander Hume
387:John Bellenden
325:William Dunbar
290:Main article:
287:
284:
268:Walter Chepman
195:
192:
190:
187:
123:Castalian Band
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3066:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3016:
3015:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
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2975:
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2932:
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2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Lowland Scots
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:Enlightenment
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
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2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2718:
2717:Privy Council
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2664:Darien scheme
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:Bishops' Wars
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
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2514:
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2507:
2504:
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2477:
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2457:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2434:
2433:0-7486-0276-3
2430:
2426:
2423:Wormald, J.,
2422:
2419:
2418:0-19-211696-7
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:0-19-211696-7
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:0-911198-30-X
2385:
2381:
2378:
2377:0-08-037728-9
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2362:0-7190-6636-0
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:1-84792-114-0
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2332:0-19-211696-7
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:0-19-211696-7
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:1-84767-466-6
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:0-19-211696-7
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:0-86241-477-6
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:0-85976-427-3
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:0-85115-930-3
2247:
2243:
2240:Jackson, C.,
2239:
2236:
2235:0-7073-0367-2
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:0-08-037728-9
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:0-521-26478-2
2202:
2198:
2195:Hogg, R. M.,
2194:
2191:
2190:0-521-65068-2
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:0-585-04155-5
2172:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:0-19-538623-X
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:0-7486-1596-2
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:1-139-46714-X
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:0-7486-4107-6
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:0-06-055888-1
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:0-521-89361-5
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:0-7486-1615-2
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:0-7486-4107-6
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:0-7486-4107-6
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:0-7486-2481-3
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:0-8203-1971-6
2007:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:1-84384-096-0
1992:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1975:0-521-65068-2
1972:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:0-7486-4107-6
1948:
1944:
1938:
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1931:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:0-8203-1971-6
1914:
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1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:1-84767-466-6
1893:
1889:
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1876:
1875:0-7486-2481-3
1872:
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1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:0-585-04155-5
1848:
1844:
1838:
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1830:0-06-055888-1
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:0-521-26478-2
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:0-85976-427-3
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:0-7486-4107-6
1755:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:0-911198-30-X
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:0-85115-930-3
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:0-19-538623-X
1674:
1670:
1667:R. Crawford,
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:0-86241-477-6
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:1-84792-114-0
1632:
1628:
1625:I. Mortimer,
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:1-139-46714-X
1611:
1607:
1604:K. Chedgzoy,
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:0-7190-6636-0
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1565:, pp. 141–52.
1564:
1563:0-08-037728-9
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:0-521-89361-5
1539:
1535:
1529:
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1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:0-7486-4107-6
1502:
1498:
1492:
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1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:0-7486-4107-6
1468:
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1458:
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1447:0-19-211696-7
1444:
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1419:0-7486-4107-6
1416:
1412:
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1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:0-7073-0367-2
1383:
1379:
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1366:
1365:0-08-037728-9
1362:
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1332:
1328:
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1319:
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1311:0-19-211696-7
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1287:0-7486-1615-2
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1250:0-19-211696-7
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1222:0-19-211696-7
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1201:1-84384-096-0
1198:
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1162:0-7486-1596-2
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1141:0-19-211696-7
1138:
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1128:
1126:
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1120:
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1115:0-7486-0276-3
1112:
1108:
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1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:Anthony Aston
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:The Libertine
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
956:
948:
946:
944:
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936:
932:
928:
920:
916:
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910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:James Thomson
874:
870:
866:
862:
854:
852:
850:
849:
844:
840:
836:
835:Habbie stanza
832:
828:
824:
819:
818:Union in 1707
813:
805:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:closet dramas
760:
756:
747:
742:
737:
729:
727:
726:(1645–1746).
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
683:
681:
677:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
627:
623:
619:
618:(1585–1649).
617:
613:
608:
603:
602:Jenny Wormald
599:
591:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
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476:
475:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
425:(1558–1629).
424:
420:
419:John Johnston
417:(1545–1622),
416:
412:
411:John Maitland
408:
404:
400:
399:David Lyndsay
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
373:
372:Gavin Douglas
368:
364:
362:
358:
357:
352:
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Gavin Douglas
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
272:Andrew Myllar
269:
265:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:and then the
228:
224:
220:
216:
209:
205:
204:Andrew Myllar
200:
193:
188:
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107:
103:
99:
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91:
90:
85:
84:Gavin Douglas
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:Enlightenment
46:
42:
38:
34:
27:
23:
19:
3005:
2795:20th century
2790:19th century
2785:18th century
2780:Early modern
2779:
2685:Institutions
2659:Colonisation
2634:Commonwealth
2599:Rough Wooing
2573:Witch trials
2552:
2486:Architecture
2424:
2409:
2394:
2368:
2353:
2338:
2323:
2308:
2282:
2256:
2241:
2226:
2211:
2196:
2181:
2166:
2151:
2136:
2121:
2106:
2091:
2090:Buchan, J.,
2076:
2061:
2046:
2031:
2016:
2001:
1984:Bibliography
1977:, pp. 170–1.
1966:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1908:
1903:
1888:Before Burns
1887:
1882:
1866:
1842:
1837:
1821:
1816:
1800:
1799:R. M. Hogg,
1795:
1786:
1770:
1765:
1760:, pp. 28–30.
1749:
1724:The Assembly
1723:
1718:
1702:
1701:C. Jackson,
1697:
1689:
1684:
1679:, pp. 216–9.
1668:
1663:
1647:
1642:
1626:
1621:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1575:
1570:
1554:
1549:
1544:, pp. 253–3.
1533:
1520:, pp. 192–3.
1517:
1512:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1462:
1438:
1410:
1393:
1377:
1372:
1367:, pp. 126–7.
1356:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1302:
1289:, pp. 256–7.
1278:
1262:
1257:
1241:
1213:
1208:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1153:
1148:
1132:
1106:
1105:J. Wormald,
1075:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1032:David Mallet
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
983:
979:
972:
968:
964:
958:
942:
938:
924:
898:
892:
880:
858:
846:
842:
826:
823:Allan Ramsay
815:
790:
778:
766:
758:
751:
746:The Assembly
745:
712:Walter Scott
708:Robert Burns
684:
679:
673:
661:
645:
643:
631:
595:
574:
569:
565:
553:
549:
542:
536:
507:Robert Ayton
472:
470:
454:John Rolland
427:
395:Hector Boece
390:
380:
370:The seal of
354:
348:
320:
316:
295:
260:
251:orthographic
246:
239:Middle Scots
212:
207:
168:
161:Allan Ramsay
158:
149:
141:
133:
126:
87:
70:
65:Middle Scots
43:between the
32:
31:
18:
2886:By language
2851:Tartan Noir
2831:Romanticism
2639:Restoration
2604:Reformation
2594:Renaissance
2511:agriculture
2255:Jones, C.,
1953:, pp. 30–1.
1820:J. Buchan,
1658:, pp. 9–10.
1586:, pp. 38–9.
1265:, pp. 60–7.
1203:, pp. 26–9.
1117:, pp. 60–1.
1052:Thomas Arne
1026:(1738) and
1010:John Milton
994:(1712) and
982:(1700) and
919:Alan Ramsay
897:(1748) and
839:poetic form
755:folk dramas
562:Jean Racine
436:of her son
335:, injected
301:Renaissance
243:Old English
112:of her son
76:Renaissance
45:Renaissance
3028:Categories
2929:Dramatists
2712:Parliament
2553:Literature
2538:Government
2501:Demography
1928:Crawford,
1769:C. Jones,
1688:Crawford,
1421:, pp. 1–3.
1388:, pp. 1–2.
1086:References
1020:Sophonisba
891:, such as
816:After the
795:Jacobitism
700:broadsides
612:high style
513:Dramatists
403:Lyon Court
194:Background
96:language.
37:literature
2974:mythology
2934:Novelists
2804:Movements
2533:Geography
2523:Education
2496:Childhood
1932:, p. 313.
1877:, p. 288.
1853:, p. 100.
1832:, p. 311.
1781:, p. vii.
1646:E. Lyle,
1616:, p. 105.
1516:Wormald,
1342:Wormald,
1261:Wormald,
1164:, p. 9ff.
1024:Agamemnon
905:Thackeray
704:chapbooks
666:Anna Hume
607:anglicise
554:Baptistes
446:Calvinism
264:Southgait
235:panegyric
137:anglicise
2990:Theatres
2775:Medieval
2548:Language
2543:Identity
1811:, p. 39.
1713:, p. 17.
1637:, p. 70.
1507:, p. 21.
1473:, p. 15.
1346:, p. 40.
1037:Eurydice
1022:(1730),
831:pastoral
682:(1644).
675:Triumphs
670:Petrarch
570:Philotus
550:Jepheths
479:Jacobean
438:James VI
434:minority
341:Classics
297:James IV
247:Inglyshe
165:pastoral
148:, whose
118:The Kirk
114:James VI
110:minority
108:and the
86:, whose
72:James IV
26:James VI
2924:Writers
2893:English
2568:Warfare
2563:Society
2506:Economy
1919:, p. 1.
1734:, p. 5.
1327:(1637)"
1064:Macbeth
1042:Walpole
943:Seasons
909:Dickens
881:Seasons
730:Theatre
694:" and "
581:masques
499:sonnets
383:James V
361:Flodden
356:Eneados
309:Chaucer
98:James V
94:Anglian
89:Eneados
2877:Poetry
2811:Makars
2587:Events
2528:Family
2479:Topics
2431:
2416:
2401:
2386:
2375:
2360:
2345:
2330:
2315:
2300:
2289:
2274:
2263:
2248:
2233:
2218:
2203:
2188:
2173:
2158:
2143:
2128:
2113:
2098:
2083:
2068:
2053:
2038:
2023:
2008:
1993:
1973:
1949:
1915:
1894:
1873:
1849:
1828:
1807:
1777:
1756:
1730:
1709:
1675:
1654:
1633:
1612:
1582:
1561:
1540:
1503:
1469:
1445:
1417:
1384:
1363:
1309:
1285:
1248:
1220:
1199:
1160:
1139:
1113:
1005:Samson
841:. His
687:ballad
592:Poetry
353:, the
350:Aeneid
345:Virgil
286:Makars
276:makars
215:Gaelic
154:ballad
80:makars
57:Gaelic
2939:Poets
2917:Lists
2872:Novel
2867:Drama
2860:Forms
2697:Court
2578:Women
2558:Music
2516:trade
1091:Notes
949:Drama
313:Aesop
292:Makar
206:from
2908:Norn
2768:Eras
2707:Navy
2692:Army
2429:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2399:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2373:ISBN
2358:ISBN
2343:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2272:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2141:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2096:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2021:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1673:ISBN
1652:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1610:ISBN
1580:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1111:ISBN
907:and
710:and
560:and
552:and
442:Kirk
339:and
319:and
311:and
51:and
2702:Law
2491:Art
1012:'s
998:or
678:as
672:'s
374:as
347:'s
35:is
3030::
1958:^
1858:^
1739:^
1525:^
1454:^
1426:^
1402:^
1329:,
1294:^
1270:^
1229:^
1122:^
1098:^
911:.
883:.
464:.
323:.
2976:)
2972:(
2751:e
2744:t
2737:v
2462:e
2455:t
2448:v
2435:.
2420:.
2405:.
2390:.
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2087:.
2072:.
2057:.
2042:.
2027:.
2012:.
1997:.
690:"
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